iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2023

Abstract: Orthopantomogram(OPG) have been used in almost all fields of dentistry. Improper positioning of the patient reduces the diagnostic usefulness of these radiograph. Aim and objectives : The aim of the present study is to evaluate common positioning errors using OPG images and to assess the influence of age in these errors in order to prevent further occurrence in radiology departments. Material and methods : 210 digital OPG images of pa tients aged between 10 to 80 years were analysed . Based on age, the OPG s were grouped into; 10 20 years, 2 1 50 years and, 51 80 years. The images were assessed for common 10 positioning errors.......

Keywords: OPG, Orthopantomography, diagnostic imaging, positional errors

[ Cosson J. (2020). Interpreting An Orthopantomogram. Australian Journal Of General Practice, 49(9), 550 555. Https://Doi.Org/10.31128/AJGP 07 20 5536
[2] Klaassen K, Ferreira Da Costa J, Murphy A (2019). Orthopantomography. Reference Article, Radiopaedia.Org,Https://Doi.Org/10.53347/Rid 67987
[3].
Whaites E. The Quality Of Radiographic Images And Quality Assurance: Principals Of Radiographic Interpretation. 3rd Edition. Longman Group UK Limited: Elsevier; C2002. P. 179 93.
[4].
White And SC, Pharaoh MJ, Panoramic Imaging: Oral Radiology Principles And Interpretation. 5th Ed. Westline Industrial Drive, St. Louis. Missouri: Mosby Elseiver; C2008. P. 191 209.
[5] Dhillon, M., Raju, S. M., Verma, S., Tomar, D., Mohan, R. S., Lakhanpal, M., & Krishnamoorthy, B. (2012). Positioning Errors And Quality Assessment In Panoramic Radiography. Imaging Science In Dentistry, 42(4), 207 212. Https://Doi.Org/10.5624/Isd.2012.42.4.207

Abstract: Background: The development of enamel defects is a disorder in the enamel formation process and can manifest as enamel hypoplasia or enamel hypocalcification. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a problem in the formation of tooth enamel. Clinically, this is called cavities, pits, or smooth surface enamel defect. Aim: The aim of the cross–sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia in the 3 -14 years of age group and comparison between urban and rural population, local population and migrated population in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar district......

Key Word: Enamel hypoplasia, Prevalence, Enamel defects, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar

[1]. Garg N, Jain AK, Saha S, Singh J. Essentiality Of Early Diagnosis Of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization In Children And Review Of Its Clinical Presentation, Etiology And Management. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2012;5(3):190-6.
[2]. Nanci A. Ten Cate's Oral Histology. Chapter 7-Enamel: Composition, Formation, And Structure. Eighth Ed. Mosby. 2013;122-4.
[3]. Azhar H, Jamal KM, Anas H. Enamel Hypoplasia Among Tikrit City School Childern Aged 6 Years To 13 Years. Tikr J Dent Sci. 2017;5(2):115-20.
[4]. Dummer PM, Kingdon A, Kingdon R. Prevalence Of Enamel Developmental Defects In A Group Of 11‐And 12‐Year‐Old Children In South Wales. Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology. 1986;14(2):119-22.
[5]. Dummer PM, Kingdon A, Kingdon R. Prevalence Of Enamel Developmental Defects In A Group Of 11‐And 12‐Year‐Old Children In South Wales. Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology. 1986;14(2):119-22.

Abstract: Clear cell odontogenic carcinomas are uncommon epithelial neoplasms that have metastatic potential. They are rare tumors characterized histologically by epithelial cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and is a potentially aggressive tumor with a tendency for recurrence. It preferentially occurs during the fourth to sixth decades of life and has female predilection with mandible as the most common site. Here we report a case of CCOC of maxilla in a 20 year old female patient. A wide surgical resection under GA was performed and regular follow up is being done. Prognosis was good with no recurrence..

Key Word: Clear cell, odontogenic, carcinoma, Palate, maxilla.

[1]. Yamamoto H, Inui M, Mori A, Tagawa T. Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma. A Case Report And Literature Review Of Odontogenic Tumors With Clear Cells. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 86:86-9.
[2]. Hansen LS, Eversole LR, Green TL, Et Al. Clear Cell Odontogenic Tumour: A New Histologic Variant With Aggressive Potential. Head Neck Surg 1985; 8:115-23.
[3]. Kramer IRH, Pindborg JJ, Shear M: WHO Histological Typing Of Odontogenic Tumor. 2nd Edition. Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag; 1992.
[4]. Sadeghi EM, Levin S. Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma Of The Mandible: Report Of A Case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995; 53:613-6.
[5]. Elbeshir EI.Harris M, Barrett AW.Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma Of The Maxilla:Clinical,Histological And Immunohistochemical Features Of A Case.Oral Oncology EXTRA 2004;40:91-94..

Abstract: Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare dermo-hypodermal condition involving necrosis of cutaneous, subcutaneous and fascial tissues. Its occurrence in postoperative settings is an exceptional and serious phenomenon, with a life-threatening prognosis: it is a medical-surgical emergency. The diagnosis is clinically suspected in the presence of hyperalgesic wall sepsis disproportionate to the extent of the lesions. Biological criteria are established by the LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) score, which can help differentiate necrotizing fasciitis from severe cellulitis. Diagnosis is difficult at first, given the lack of specific signs, which worsens the prognosis, which depends on rapid medical and surgical management.....

Key Words: Necrotizing fasciitis, abdominale walls, hysterectomy, about a case

[1]. Wilson B. Necrotizing Fasciitis. Am Surg. 1952 Apr;18(4):416-31. PMID: 14915014.
[2]. Chabot E, Nirula R. Open Abdomen Critical Care Management Principles: Resuscitation, Fluid Balance, Nutrition, And Ventilator Management. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2017 Sep 3;2(1):E000063. Doi: 10.1136/Tsaco-2016-000063. PMID: 29766080; PMCID: PMC5877893.
[3]. IG, Martinez Velasco, Et Al. Post-Cesarean Necrotizing Fasciitis. Bacterial Synergism, Or Mixed Infection Of The Soft Tissues?. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 1996 Feb;64:58-63. Spanish. PMID: 8714065.
[4]. Bluman EM, Mechrefe AP, Fadale PD. Idiopathic Staphylococcus Aureus Necrotizing Fasciitis Of The Upper Extremity. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005 Mar-Apr;14(2):227-30. Doi: 10.1016/J.Jse.2004.06.003. PMID: 15789021.
[5]. Gallup DG, Freedman MA, Meguiar RV, Freedman SN, Nolan TE. Necrotizing Fasciitis In Gynecologic And Obstetric Patients: A Surgical Emergency. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Aug;187(2):305-10; Idscussion 310-1. PMID: 12193917

Abstract: Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases compared to the general population. Although there has been constant progress in management of RA with passage of time, there is still relative lack of awareness among the patients and health care providers alike regarding detection and effective management of CVD risk factors in RA patients, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) being one of the most important factors among them. Several studies have probed in to the prevalence of DM in RA patients.....

Key Words: Rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease

[1]. Wolfe F, Mitchell DM, Sibley JT, Fries JF, Bloch DA, Williams CA, Spitz PW, Haga M, Kleinheksel SM, Cathey MA. The Mortality Of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 1994 Dec;37(4):481-94.
[2]. Kitas GD, Gabriel SE. Cardiovascular Disease In Rheumatoid Arthritis: State Of The Art And Future Perspectives. Annals Of The Rheumatic Diseases. 2011 Jan 1;70(1):8-14.
[3]. Choy E, Ganeshalingam K, Semb AG, Szekanecz Z, Nurmohamed M. Cardiovascular Risk In Rheumatoid Arthritis: Recent Advances In The Understanding Of The Pivotal Role Of Inflammation, Risk Predictors And The Impact Of Treatment. Rheumatology. 2014 Dec 1;53(12):2143-54.
[4]. Of S, Carediabetes M. American Standards Of Medical Care In Diabetes A M Er Ic An STANDARDS OF MEDICAL CARE IN DIABETES American Diabetes Association— 2022. 2022;45(January):S22-S26
[5]. Morris DH, Khunti K, Achana F, Srinivasan B, Gray LJ, Davies MJ, Webb D. Progression Rates From Hba1c 6.0–6.4% And Other Prediabetes Definitions To Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. Diabetologia. 2013 Jul;56(7):1489-93

Abstract: Teaching patterns in Ayurvedic Science is trying to evolve with the recent advancement information technology and advancing artificial intelligence. Most of the Ayurveda faculties follow the traditional and established teaching methods such as chalk and talk, lectures. The present demands and the cohort of students pursuing Ayurveda for their graduation exhibit a proficiency in technology. Consequently, instructors should incorporate innovative, technology-driven interactions to facilitate the transition of higher education towards flexible, efficient, dynamic, and student-cantered teaching methods, alleviating the constraints of conventional transmittal education models.KAHER's Shri BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya is pioneering in equipping the faculties with modern techniques....

[1]. K.R. Srikantha Murthy, Editor. Astanga Sangraha Nidana Sthana, Sarvaroga Adhyaya Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi,Voli.I Reprint Edition 2012.
[2]. Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, Editor. Sushruta Samhita Of Sushruta With Nibandha Sangraha Comm. Of Shri Dalhanacharya, Nidana Sthana, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, Reprited, Edition 2008.P. 255-336Top Of Form
[3]. Johnson, G. B. (2013). Student Perceptions Of The Flipped Classroom (T). University Of British Columbia. Retrieved From Https://Open.Library.Ubc.Ca/Collections/Ubctheses/24/Items/1.0073641
[4]. Johnson, D. W., Jonson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (1998). Active Learning: Cooperation In The College Classroom. Edina, MN:
Interaction Book Company
[5]. Toppo, G. (2011, October 7). 'Flipped' Classrooms Take Advantage Of Technology. USA Today. Retrieved From
Http://Usatoday30.Usatoday.Com/News/Education/Story/ 2011-10-06/Flipped-Classrooms-Virtual-Teaching/50681482/1

Abstract: Background-Conventional technique to fabricate fixed partial framework is lost wax techniques. In this technique fabrication of the wax pattern is a critical step. It is time consuming task and dependent upon the skills of the dental laboratory technician. So this has subsequently evolved into CAD CAM Techniques. There are several laboratory studies that provide data on effect of fabrication technique on marginal and internal fit but limited data is available on effect of different die spacer thickness on internal fit of metal coping fabricated by CAD CAM techniques....

Key Words: CAD CAM, DMLS, Milling, Co Cr coping, Internal fit, Die spacer thickness

[1]. Hebel K, Gajjar R, Hofstede T. Single-Too Replacement: Bridge Vs. Implant-Supported Restoration. Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 2000 Sep 1;66(8):435-8.
[2]. Ullattuthodi S, Cherian Kp, Anandkumar R, Nambiar Ms. Marginal And Internal Fit Of Cobalt-Chromium Copings Fabricated Using The Conventional And The Direct Metal Laser Sintering Techniques: A Comparative In Vitro Study. The Journal Of The Indian Prosthodontic Society. 2017 Oct; 17(4):373.
[3]. Gunsoy S, Ulusoy M. Evaluation Of Marginal/Internal Fit Of Chrome-Cobalt Crowns: Direct Laser Metal Sintering Versus Computer-Aided Design And Computer-Aided Manufacturing. Nigerian Journal Of Clinical Practice. 2016;19(5):636-44.
[4]. Zuskova L, Mortadi Na, Williams Rj, Alzoubi Kh, Khabour Of. Comparison Of Overall Fit Of Milled And Laser-Sintered Cad/Cam Crown Copings. International Journal Of Dentistry. 2019; 2019.
[5]. Kim Mj, Choi Yj, Kim Sk, Heo Sj, Koak Jy. Marginal Accuracy And Internal Fit Of 3-D Printing Laser-Sintered Co-Cr Alloy Copings. Materials. 2017;10(1):93..

Abstract: BACKGROUND – Hypokalemia is observed most commonly in severe profound organophosphorus poisoning patients. This study is undertaken to evaluate hypokalemia as a prognostic marker in acute organophosphorus poisoning . AIM: To evaluate the serum potassium levels as a prognostic marker in acute organophosphorus poisoning patients in tertiary care centre. Material and Method: This is a cross sectional study. 30 patients presenting to the emergency department with alleged history of op poisoning and....

Key Words: Hypokalemia, respiratory distress, ventilatory support, serum electrolytes, cholinesterase

[1]. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Nov; 10(11): 4160–4167. Published Online 2021 Nov 29. Doi: 10.4103/Jfmpc.Jfmpc_518_21
[2]. Vandana Dandekar Et Al Evaluation Of Serum Potassium Levels As Marker In Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning
Https://Dx.Doi.Org/10.18535/Jmscr/V7i11.58
[3]. Tall A, Ly Ab,, Nabeth P, Sall Aa, Sarr Fd, Faye J, Et Al. Epidemiological Investigation Of Death Cases By Pesticide Poisoning. J Agric Biotechnol Sustainable Develop 2010;2:51-5
[4]. Syed M Ahmed Et Al., Survival Pattern In Patients With Acute Organophosphate Poisoning On Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Intensive Care Unit-Based Study In A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Indian J Anaesth. 2014 Jan-Feb; 58(1): 11–17
[5]. Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R Et Al., A Study Of Acute Organophosphate Poisoning At A Tertiary Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, Medico Legal Update,2012;Volume 12 (2):75-79.

Abstract: Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease in which putative periodontal pathogens trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses because of the large numbers of bacteria residing in subgingival sulcus in the presence of multiple risk factors. The local administration of adjunctive antimicrobial agents to the periodontal pockets showed better clinical improvements, especially in the sites that did not respond to mechanical periodontal therapy alone. A study reported on the effectiveness of local delivery antimicrobial agents (LDAs) in the treatment of periodontitis with the advantages of direct delivery to the site of the infection, reduction in patient complaints, and avoidance of systemic side effects of the antimicrobial agent....

Key Words: Salvadora persica, benzyl isothiocyanate, hyaluronic acid

[1] Dentino A, Lee S, Mailhot J, Hefti AF. Principles Of Periodontology. Periodontology 2000. 2013;61(1):16-53.
[2] Hajishengallis G, Korostoff JM. Revisiting The Page & Schroeder Model: The Good, The Bad And The Unknowns In The Periodontal Host Response 40 Years Later. Periodontology 2000. 2017;75(1):116-51.
[3] Shaddox LM, Walker CB. Treating Chronic Periodontitis: Current Status, Challenges, And Future Directions. Clinical, Cosmetic And Investigational Dentistry. 2010:79-91.
[4] Buduneli N, Kinane DF. Host‐Derived Diagnostic Markers Related To Soft Tissue Destruction And Bone Degradation In Periodontitis. Journal Of Clinical Periodontology. 2011;38:85-105.
[5] Azaripour A, Mahmoodi B, Habibi E, Willershausen I, Schmidtmann I, Willershausen B. Effectiveness Of A Miswak Extract‐Containing Toothpaste On Gingival Inflammation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal Of Dental Hygiene. 2017;15(3):195-202.

Abstract: A 58 years old female patient was admitted in our hospital with a diabetic ketoacidosis, severe jaundice, fever and elevated liver function tests with acute cytolysis and cholestasis. Based on clinical and laboratory features, a complete etiological workup has been performed ( viral hepatitis tests, liver atoimmune tests, liver biopsy..) and showed a positive anti-sp100 antibodies with a level of 45,1 U (Normal>25) , with histological signs of lymphocytic destructive cholangitis with cirrhosis on liver biopsy making the diagnosis of biliary primary cholangitis....

Key Words: Cytomegalovirus infection; primary biliary cholangitis, immunocompetent adult, cirrhosis

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[5]. Sacks Sl, Freeman Hj. Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis: Evidence For Direct Hepatic Viral Infection Using Monoclonal Antibodies. Gastroenterology 1984;86:346–350. Doi:10.1016/0016-5085(84)90421-9..

Abstract: Remifentanil Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) has emerged as a viable option for managing labour pain, providing an alternative to traditional methods. This review explores practical considerations associated with implementing Remifentanil PCA in the labour unit. The goal is to present a comprehensive overview of key aspects that healthcare providers must address to optimize patient safety, satisfaction, and analgesic efficacy. The unique pharmacological properties of Remifentanil contribute to its suitability for the dynamic nature of labour pain. Careful consideration must be made to identify any contraindications for its use. This article discusses monitoring strategies....

Key Words: Remifentanil PCA; Labour Analgesia; Practical aspects.

[1]. Ronel I, W. C. (2019). Non-Regional Analgesia For Labour: Remifentanil In Obstetrics. Bja Educ. 2019 Nov;19(11):357-361. Doi: 10.1016/J.Bjae.2019.07.002. Epub 2019 Sep 9. Pmid: 33456858; Pmcid: Pmc7808087.
[2]. Kan Re, H. S. (1998). Intravenous Remifentanil: Placental Transfer, Maternal And Neonatal Effects. . Anesthesiology. 1998 Jun;88(6):1467-74. Doi: 10.1097/00000542-199806000-00008. Pmid: 9637638.
[3]. Corfe, D. J. (2022). Clinical Guideline For: Use Of Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia (Pca) Using Remifentanil In Labour.
[4]. Keeler, J. (2014). Remifentanil Pcas For Analgesia In Labour.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The AIMS65 score is composed of five elements: albumin, international normalised ratio (INR), mental status, systolic BP, and age. It is a pre-endoscopic score, easy to remember, calculated at bedside, and predicts in-hospital mortality among inpatients with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between AIMS-65 score and in-hospital mortality in the study population. METHODS: AIMS65 scores were calculated....

Key Words: AIMS65 score, Endoscopy, mortality, upper gastrointestinal bleed

[1]. Kim J, Gong Ej, Seo M, Et Al. Timing Of Endoscopy In Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Sci Reports 2022 121. 2022;12(1):1-6. Doi:10.1038/S41598-022-10897-3
[2]. Mahajan P, Singh Chandail V. Etiological And Endoscopic Profile Of Middle Aged And Elderly Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding In A Tertiary Care Hospital In North India: A Retrospective Analysis. Published Online 2017.
Doi:10.4103/Jmh.Jmh_86_17
[3]. Hearnshaw Sa, Logan Rfa, Lowe D, Travis Spl, Murphy Mf, Palmer Kr. Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding In The Uk: Patient Characteristics, Diagnoses And Outcomes In The 2007 Uk Audit. Gut. 2011;60(10):1327-1335. Doi:10.1136/Gut.2010.228437
[4]. Laine L, Yang H, Chang Sc, Datto C. Trends For Incidence Of Hospitalization And Death Due To Gi Complications In The United States From 2001 To 2009. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(8):1190-1195. Doi:10.1038/Ajg.2012.168
[5]. Dhir V, Shah R. Scoring Systems For Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Which One Scores Better? Indian J Gastroenterol. 2019;38(2):95-97. Doi:10.1007/S12664-019-00945-8

Abstract: Background: Improvement in access techniques in laparoscopy and Port site complications. Complications before and after laparoscopy challenge the benefits of minimal invasive Surgery, and reputation of surgeons.
Aims and objective ; of the study is to determine the effectiveness of various pneumoperitoneum Access techniques and morbidity associated with the port site complications in laparoscopic Surgery and to identify risk factors for complications.....

Key Words: Body mass index, endotracheal intubation, Laparoscopic procedure, Port-site Complication

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