iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2023

Abstract: Background: Stroke is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), which is a significant reason for morbidity and mortality. Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythm including light-dark cycles among mammals. It is present in cerebrospinal fluid, bile, ovarian follicular fluid, and the anterior chamber of the eye, suggesting its main role apart from regulating the internal clock. In view of the high prevalence of stroke, and less literature on its effective management, the current study was undertaken........

Key Word: Stroke, Melatonin, Cerebrovascular accident, Embolism, Efficacy, Safety

[1] Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE. Classification Of Subtype Of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Definitions For Use In A Multicenter Clinical Trial. TOAST. Trial Of Org 10172 In Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993 Jan;24(1):35-41. [Pubmed]
[2] Ntaios G. Embolic Stroke Of Undetermined Source: JACC Review Topic Of The Week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Jan 28;75(3):333-340. [Pubmed]
[3] Pierik R, Algra A, Van Dijk E, Erasmus M Et Al. On Behalf Of The Parelsnoer Institute-Cerebrovascular Accident Study Group. Distribution Of Cardioembolic Stroke: A Cohort Study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;49(1):97-104. [Pubmed]
[4] The Top 10 Causes Of Death [Internet]. Who.Int. [Cited 2023 Aug 07]. Available From: Https://Www.Who.Int/En/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/The-Top-10-Causes-Of-Death
[5]. Tan D., Manchester L.C., Reiter R.J., Qi W., Hanes M.A., Farley N.J. High Physiological Levels Of Melatonin In The Bile Of Mammals. Life Sci. 1999; 65:2523–2529. Doi: 10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00519-6. [Pubmed] [Crossref] [Google Scholar.

Abstract: Radicular cysts are the most common odontogenic cyst found in oral cavity accounting for more than 50% of the total odontogenic cysts. They usually remain asymptomatic unless and until it becomes larger in size. In some cases, small radicular cysts get diagnosed during routine radiographs and such small lesions can be managed conservatively by endodontic treatment whereas large radicular cysts needs surgical intervention post root canal treatment. In this article we have reported two such cases of giant radicular cysts (one in maxilla and mandible each) which were treated effectively by means of root canal treatment followed by surgical enucleation and showed significant healing postoperatively.

Key Word: Word: Radicular cyst, Enucleation, Apicoectomy, Cell rest of Malassez.

[1]. Naveed N. Radicular Cysts And Treatment Concepts.
[2]. Kolari V, Rao Ha, Thomas T. Maxillary And Mandibular Unusually Large Radicular Cyst: A Rare Case Report. National Journal Of Maxillofacial Surgery. 2019 Jul;10(2):270.
[3]. Agarwal P, Sharma S, Trehan M, Vashistha A. Management Of Infected Radicular Cyst By Marsupialization. World J Dent. 2013 Jul;4(3):214-6.
[4]. Latoo S, Shah Aa, Jan Sm, Qadir S, Ahmed I, Purra Ar, Malik Ah. Radicular Cyst. Jk Science. 2009 Oct 1;11(4):187.
[5]. Velasco I, Vahdani S, Nuñez N, Ramos H. Large Recurrent Radicular Cyst In Maxillary Sinus: A Case Report. Int. J. Odontostomat [Internet]. 2017 Apr;11(1):101-5

Abstract: This case report demonstrates the MRI orbit findings in a young female who presented with diminution of vision with fundus findings of morning glory disc. On MRI, funnel shaped morphologic pattern resembling characteristic 'morning glory' was revealed for bilateral optic discs. Embryology and genetics of this rare entity are also discussed briefly. Finally, conclusion was made that of bilateral ocular colobomas with characteristic MRI imaging features.

Keywords: Ocular coloboma, morning glory, scotoma, optic fissure, MRI orbit

[1]. Tawfik, H. A., Abdulhafez, M. H., Fouad, Y. A., & Dutton, J. J. (2016). Embryologic And Fetal Development Of The Human Eyelid. Ophthalmic Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery, 32(6), 407–414.
[2]. Lingam, G., Sen, A. C., Lingam, V., Bhende, M., Padhi, T. R., & Xinyi, S. (2021). Ocular Coloboma—A Comprehensive Review For The Clinician. Eye, 35(8), 2086–2109.
[3]. Nakamura, K. M. (2011). Incidence, Ocular Findings, And Systemic Associations Of Ocular Coloboma. Archives Of Ophthalmology, 129(1), 69.
[4]. Murphy, B. L., & Griffin, J. F. (1994). Optic Nerve Coloboma (Morning Glory Syndrome): CT Findings. Radiology, 191(1), 59–61.
[5]. Schubert, H. D. (2006). Structural Organization Of Choroidal Colobomas Of Young And Adult Patients And Mechanism Of Retinal Detachment. American Journal Of Ophthalmology, 142(2), 367.

Abstract: Dental implant is the best treatment option for a lost tooth in today's era of modern dentistry. Placing implant in esthetic zone, it is imperative to understand bone quality and bone volume as well as give equal importance to the esthetic expectations of the patient. Alveolar ridge defects occur due to maxillofacial trauma, accidents, traumatic tooth extraction, and advanced periodontal diseases. Defects that occur in bone and soft tissue can be horizontal or vertical in nature. This defect can be corrected by various reconstruction techniques like soft tissue or bone graft, guided bone regeneration. This case demonstrates the replacement of missing maxillary anterior tooth using screw-retained implant prosthesis after guided bone regeneration.

Key word: mucoperiosteal facial flap, DFDBA, bone graft, temporary restoration, labial ridge deformity

[1]. F. G. Mangano, P. Mastrangelo, F. Luongo, A. Blay, S. Tunchel, and C. Mangano, "Aesthetic outcome of immediately restored single implants placed in extraction sockets and healed sites of the anterior maxilla: a retrospective study on 103 patients with 3 years of follow-up," Clinical Oral Implants Research, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 272–282, 2017
[2]. B. Butler, "Masking buccal plate remodeling in the esthetic zone with connective tissue grafts: immediate implant concepts, techniques," Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 486–493, 2014.
[3]. W. Becker, "Immediate implant placement: diagnosis, treatment planning and treatment steps/or successful outcomes," Journal of the California Dental Association, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 303–310, 2005.
[4]. C. N. Eliasa, F. A. Rocha, A. L. Nascimento, and P. G. Coelho, "Influence of implant shape, surface morphology, surgical technique and bone quality on the primary stability of dental
[5]. implants," Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 169– 180, 2012..

Abstract: Background: Tibial plateau fractures are articular and are a risk to the functional integrity of the knee joint. These fractures often have additional soft tissue injury, which affects the patient's recovery after the initial injury The objective of treating intra-articular fractures is to create a stable joint that allows for early range of motion to nourish and preserve cartilage The advantages of treating these fractures under MIPPO technique are decreased operative time, less blood loss, smaller incisions, short hospital stay and early rehabilitation. Objective: This study was.....

Keywords: Outcomes, MIPPO, Tibial plateau fractures, Intra articular

[1]. Albuquerque PR, Hara R, Prado J, Schiavo L,Giordano V, Pecegueiro Do Amaral N. Epidemiological Study On Tibial Plateau Fractures At A Level I Trauma Centre. Acta Ortopedica Brasileira.2013;21(2):109-15.
[2]. Prat-Fabregat S, Camacho-Carrasco P. 2016. Treatment Strategy For Tibial Plateau Frac- Tures: Anupdate. Effort Open Review. 1:225-232.
[3]. MüLler ME, Nazarian S, Koch P, Schatzker J. 2012. The Comprehensive Classification Of Fractures Of Long Bones. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media. 60 – 61.
[4]. Ambulgekarl RK, Kothari P, Berlia R. 2016. A Study Of Outcome Of Tibial Plateau Frac- Ture With Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosyntheisis (MIPPO) Technique. In- Dian Journal Of Orthopaedics Surgery. 2(3):236-239.
[5]. Jain RK, Shukla R, Baxi M, Agrawal U, Yadav S. Evaluation Of Functional Outcome Of Tibial Plateau Fractures Managed By Different Surgical Modalities. Int J Res Orthop 2016;2:5-12

Abstract: Oral Cancer is one of the most prevalent types of Cancer among the Asian countries. Oral Carcinogenesis is a complex sequential process, in which the cells undergo numerous morphologic and genetic changes of the phenotypically altered tumor cells, governed by various factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic structure that is collectively made up of several cells, micro and macromolecules, fibroblasts, immune cells, blood vessels, etc. that surround and feed a tumor. The components of TME are extremely interactive with each other and they play a major role in regulating the biological characteristics of the tumor. Understanding the Tumor-associated inflammatory responses and changes in TME is necessary for predicting the disease progression and prognosis. This narrative review aims to provide a brief insight into the changes in the tumor microenvironment of OSCC and its implication in the disease characteristics

Keywords: Oral Cancer, Tumor, Prognosis, Metastasis, Microenvironment

[1]. Blackstone NW. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. Third Edition. By Geoffrey M Cooper And Robert E Hausman. Washington (DC): Asmpress; Sunderland (Massachusetts): ISBN: 0–87893–214–3. Vol. 79, The Quarterly Review Of Biology. 2004. P. 418–9.
[2]. NCI Dictionary Of Cancer Terms [Internet]. National Cancer Institute. 2011 [Cited 2023 May 30]. Available From: Https://Www.Cancer.Gov/Publications/Dictionaries/Cancer-Terms
[3]. Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF. Patterns Of Cancer Incidence, Mortality, And Prevalence Across Five Continents: Defining Priorities To Reduce Cancer Disparities In Different Geographic Regions Of The World. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(14):2137–50.
[4]. Marur S, Forastiere AA. Head And Neck Cancer: Changing Epidemiology, Diagnosis, And Treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Apr;83(4):489-501.
[5]. Bandyopadhyay A, Behura SS, Nishat R, Dash KC, Bhuyan L, Ramachandra S. Clinicopathological Profile And Malignant Transformation In Oral Lichen Planus: A Retrospective Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2017;7(3):116–24.

Abstract: Lipomas are very common benign soft tissue tumors mostly found on the trunk and proximal portions of the extremities but are rarely found in the oral cavity, comprising only 0.1% to 4% of all benign tumors in the oral cavity. This article describes a case of 27-year-old woman presenting a rare case of lipoma of palate which was difficult to diagnose and was managed by surgical excision under general anesthesia. A follow-up of 1 year was uneventful with no recurrence. Lipomas are infrequently found in the oral cavity, of which buccal mucosa is the common site of appearance but in this case, it was found in palate, a rare entity which needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of.....

Keywords: Lipoma, Tumor, Palate, Swelling

[1]. Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE (2009) Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology, 3rd Edn. Saunders, Elsevier, Pp 523–524.
[2]. Roux M. On Exostoses: Their Character. Am J Dent Sci. 1848;9:133‐134
[3]. Barker GR, Sloan P. Intraosseous Lipomas: Clinical Features Of A Mandibular Case With Possible Etiology. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;24:459‐463.
[4]. Buri´C N, Krasi´C D, Viˇsnji´C M, Kati´C V. Intraosseous Mandibular Lipoma: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Nov 2001;59(11):1367–71.
[5]. Basheer S, Abraham J, Shameena PM, Balan A. Intraosseous Lipoma Of Mandible Presenting As A Swelling. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2013;17:126‐128

Abstract: The treatment to obtain periodontal tissue regeneration is the application of bone graft during flap surgery, but for most patients the price of bone graft is still not affordable. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous matrix that also contains large amounts of platelets, leukocyte, cytokines, and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) that can increase periodontal regeneration. The aim of this study was to analyze the healing of the periodontal status, repair of gingival bleeding and silting of the pocket by comparing the use of PRF and bone graft in flap surgery. The research design........

KEY WORDS: periodontal regeneration, flap surgery, bone graft, platelet rich fibrin

[1]. Al-Mahdi AH, Abdulrahman MS, Al-Jumaily HAH. Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Using Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) With Bone Graft In The Reconstruction Of Alveolar Cleft, A Prospective Study. J Craniofac Surg. 2021 Sep 1; 32(6):2139 - 2143. Doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007486. PMID: 33534325.
[2]. Atalay B And Ozge Doganay O. The Use Of Platelet-Rich Fibrin In Bone Grafting. 2018. DOI: 10.5772/Intechopen.79825
[3]. Blinstein B, Bojarskas S. Efficacy Of Autologous Platelet Rich Fibrin In Bone Augmentation And Bone Regeneration At Extraction Socket. Jurnal Of Stomatologija. 2018; 20 (4):111-118. PMID: 31074457.
[4]. Carranza FA, Takei HH. Rationale For Periodontal Treatment. In: Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR. Carranzas Clinical Periodontology. 2020. 10th Ed. India: Saunders Elsevier, P: 630-35.
[5]. Cheng Y, Haojie W, Xiandhun F. Platelet, A Key Regulator Of Innate And Adaptive Immunity. Frontiers In Medicine, 2023. Vol: 10, P: 1-11

Abstract: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition that is believed to arise from elevated blood pressure with failure of autoregulation resulting in capillary leak, vasogenic edema, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. It may present with diverse clinical symptoms including visual disturbance, headache, seizures and impaired consciousness. PRES classically involves bilateral parieto-occipital lobes and is usually reversible. Atypical variant of PRES includes the involvement of brainstem, basal ganglia, thalami, or periventricular white matter. A variety of clinical conditions are associated with the development of PRES, common ones include hypertensive emergency, renal disease, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, immunosuppressive agents, sepsis, autoimmune.....

Keywords: Pregnancy, Falciparum, Encephalopathy, PRES, Atypical PRES

[1]. Hinduja A. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Clinical Features And Outcome. Front Neurol. 2020;11:71. [PMC Free Article] [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
[2]. Mitaka H, Seijo L, Motohashi K, Nakai M, Burger A. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Induced By Red Blood Cell Transfusion. QJM. 2019;112:617–8. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
[3]. Cevallos CA, Berman BS. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After Blood Transfusion. J Neurol Sci. 2016;367:245–6. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
[4]. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome, Part 1: Fundamental Imaging And Clinical Features. Bartynski WS. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29:1036–1042. [PMC Free Article] [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
[5]. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Incidence Of Atypical Regions Of Involvement And Imaging Findings. Mckinney AM, Short J, Truwit CL, Mckinney ZJ, Kozak OS, Santacruz KS, Teksam M. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:904–912. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]

Abstract: Background: The scientific term for delivery that involve a surgical incision is "caesarean section". Planned Caesarean section is known as an elective caesarean. An elective C-section is one that is carried out on a woman when there is no medical necessity. The most important and widely used factor in evaluating the birth experience is patient satisfaction, which also influences the choice of delivery mode. Objective: To determine the manner of selection of delivery and to access the outcomes of elective caesarean sections and the at Tertiary Care Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka. Methodology: An expressive predesigned questionnaire-based investigation was done at Tertiary Care Hospital, Belagavi, North....

Keywords: Elective caesarean section, Outcome analysis, Decision-making, Delivery mode, Healthcare decisions, Birth experiences, Clinical outcome

[1] Stjernholm YV, Petersson K, Eneroth E: Changed Indications For Cesarean Sections. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2010, 89: 49-53. 10.3109/00016340903418777.
[2]. Cotzias CS, Paterson-Brown S, Fisk N. Obstetricians Say Yes To Maternal Request For Elective Caesarean Section: A Survey Of Current Opinion. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001; 97: 15– 16.
[3]. Paterson-Brown S. Should Doctors Perform An Elective Caesarean Section On Request? Yes, As Long As The Woman Is Fully Informed. BMJ 1998; 317: 462– 465.
[4]. Béhague DP, Victora CG, Barros FC: Consumer Demand For Caesarean Sections In Brazil: Informed Decision Making, Patient Choice, Or Social Inequality? A Population Based Birth Cohort Study Linking Ethnographic And Epidemiological Methods. BMJ. 2002, 324: 942-945. 10.1136/Bmj.324.7343.942.
[5]. Guise JM, Berlin M, Mcdonagh M, Osterweil P, Chan B, Helfand M: Safety Of Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: A Systematic Review. Obstet Gynecol. 2004, 103: 420-429. 10.1097/01.AOG.0000116259.41678.F1.

Abstract: Background: Cholesteatoma is a complex and potentially serious ear condition characterized by the abnormal growth of the squamous epithelium in the middle ear or mastoid process. It is a cyst-like accumulation that contains skin cells as well as connective tissue. Cholesteatoma is a three-dimensional epidermoid structure that exhibits independent growth, replacing middle ear mucosa, resorbing and replacing underlying bone. Although it is not a neoplastic lesion, it can be potentially dangerous to the patient. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the clinical features and complications among cholesteatoma cases..

Keywords: Clinical features, Presentations, Complications Cholesteatoma, Ear, Hearing loss

[1]. De Azevedo AF, Pinto DC, De Souza NJ, Greco DB, Gonçalves DU. Sensorineural Hearing Loss In Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media With And Without Cholesteatoma. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Sep-Oct;73(5):671-4. Doi: 10.1016/S1808-8694(15)30128-2. PMID: 18094809; PMCID: PMC9445753.
[2]. Travis, Lawrence W., Et Al. "Cervical Approaches To The Surgery Of Cervicothoracic Neoplasia." The Laryngoscope 90.9 (1980): 1502-1509.
[3]. Dornhoffer, John L. "Retrograde Mastoidectomy." Otolaryngologic Clinics Of North America 39.6 (2006): 1115-1127.
[4]. Akkina, Sarah R., Et Al. "Academic Institution Pilot Study Shows Far Fewer Diagnoses Of Sinusitis Than Reported Nationally." Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology 1.5 (2016): 124-129.
[5]. Dell'Antônia, Sabrina Freiberger, Claudio Marcio Yudi Ikino, And Waldir Carreirão Filho. "Grau De Satisfação Em Usuários De Próteses Auditivas Em Um Serviço De Alta Complexidade." Brazilian Journal Of Otorhinolaryngology 79 (2013): 555-563

Abstract: Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder of temporomandibular joint which results in permanent changes to TMJ. Scissors bite and bad habits are one of etiological factors of OA. OA causes deviation when opening mouth,limitations of mouth opening and joint crepitus sounds. Use of stabilization splints (SS), physical therapy,and consumption of chondroitin sulfate-glucosamine supplements aimed at reducing joint pain, relaxing of TMJ muscles and preventing joint damage. Case report: A 22 year old female patient came to USU General Hospital with complaints stiff jaw when opening her mouth,especially in the morning.Complaints of pain occurred since skelling treatment 3 years ago. Clinical examination....

Keywords: Temporomandibular joint disorder, Osteoarthritis, Stabilization splints

[1]. Okeson JP. Management Of Temporomandibular Disorders And Occlusion - Jeffrey P. Okeson - 8th Edition (2019) 512 Pp., ISBN: 9780323582100.
[2]. Pardo Juárez V. Diagnostic Efficacy Of Cone Beam Computed Tomography For The TMJ Arthropathies. J Dent Heal Oral Disord Ther. 2020;11(6):176–85.
[3]. Artuzi FE, Puricelli E, Baraldi CE, Quevedo AS, Ponzoni D. Reduction Of Osteoarthritis Severity In The Temporomandibular Joint Of Rabbits Treated With Chondroitin Sulfate And Glucosamine. Plos One [Internet]. 2020;15(4):1–16. Available From: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0231734
[4]. Melo G, Casett E, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Guerra ENS, Fernandes DA, Porporatti AL, Et Al. Effects Of Glucosamine Supplements On Painful Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45(5):414–22.
[5]. 5. Vrbanović E, Alajbeg IZ. Mlada Pacijentica S Osteoartritisom Temporomandibularnog Zgloba: Prikaz Slučaja. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2017;51(3):232–9.