iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2024

Abstract: The health of teeth and supporting structures is object central to the modern day periodontics. To replace the diseased alveolar bone, a variety of bone replacement materials are used. These can be further categorized into : bone graft substitutes and non bone graft substitutes. We in this particular review will focus on bone graft substitutes, their types, evolution, processing and biological response towards them.

[1]. Alghamdi As, Shibly O, Cianco Gs. Osseous Grafting Part 1: Autograft And Allograft For Periodontal Regeneration- A Literature Review. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2010; 12(2): 34-38.
[2]. Alghamdi As, Shibly O, Cianco Gs. Osseous Grafting Part Ii: Xenograft And Alloplast For Periodontal Regeneration- A Literature Review. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2010; 12(2): 39-44. [3]. American Association Of Tissue Banks. Http://Www.Aatb.Org. August 6, 2004.
[4]. Aspriello Sd, Ferrante L, Rubini C, Piemontese M. Comparative Study Of Dfdba In Combination With Enamel Matrix Derivative Versus Dfdba Alone For Treatment Of Periodontal Intrabony Defects At 12 Months Post-Surgery. Clin Oral Investig. 2010; 15(2):225–232.
[5]. Barnett Jd, Mellonig Jt, Gray Jl, Towle Hj. Comparison Of Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft And Porous Hydroxyapatite In Human Periodontal Defects. J Periodontol. 1989; 60(5):231-237.

Abstract: The diagnosis of rheumatologic problem can be difficult, especially if not all the diagnostic criteria or typical clinical features are seen. This includes conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis which needs early diagnosis to start disease modifying drugs (DMARDs) which can improve the prognosis and prevent further joint erosion and organ damage. This case report focused on a similar scenario in an elderly woman initially thought to have osteoarthritis but was diagnosed later with rheumatoid arthritis which brought much relief to her current predicament...........

Key Word: Atypical, rheumatoid arthritis, DMARDs.

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Abstract: Background: Splenectomy is done for various hematological disorders in which, the spleen exerts a destructive effect on blood cells, leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia or a combination of all these. Though previous studies reported details on the pattern of outcomes of splenectomy, the literature is still less. In this research, we report our experience with splenectomy for hematological disorders intending to determine the indications, complications and outcome of splenectomy. Objective: This study was done to know the indications and outcomes of splenectomy done at a tertiary care centre........

Keywords: Splenectomy, Splenomegaly, Haematological disorders, Postoperative complications, Outcomes.

[1]. Bonnet S, Guedon A, Ribeil J-A, Suarez F, Tamburini J, Gaujoux S. Indications And Outcome Of Splenectomy In Hematologic Disease. Journal Of Visceral Surgery. 2017;154(6):421-42910.1016/J.Jviscsurg.2017.06.011search In Google Scholarpubmed [2]. George Jn, Woolf Sh, Raskob Ge, Wasser J, Aledort L, Ballem P, Et Al. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Practice Guideline Developed By Explicit Methods For The American Society Of Hematology. Blood. 1996;88(1):3-4010.1182/Blood.V88.1.3.3search In Google Scholar
[3]. W.W. Coon. The Spleen And Splenectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1991; 173 (5): 407-414
[4]. H.L. Laws, M.W. Burlingame, J.T. Carpenter, J.T. Prchal, M.E. Conrad. Splenectomy For Haematologic Disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet.1979; 149 (4):509-512
[5]. J.M. White, B.S. Christie, D. Nam, S. Daar, D.R. Higgs. Frequency And Clinical Significance Of Erythrocyte Genetic Abnormalities In Omanis. J Med Genet.1993; 30 (5) :396-400

Abstract: This case study explores the trajectory of a 56-year-old female diagnosed with metastatic malignant phyllodes tumour following breast-conserving surgery (bcs) in a non-oncological setup in 2021. Lacking adjuvant treatment and information on the necessity of oncologist consultation, the patient defaulted follow-up. Subsequently, metastases in the lung, paravertebral region, spine, and subcutaneous tissues developed. The case underscores the critical importance of informed decision-making post-bcs to prevent metastatic progression. The patient received palliative radiotherapy to the right paravertebral mass and c-spine compression, resulting in symptomatic relief. Palliative chemotherapy, specifically six cycles of adriamycin based, was initiated alongside symptomatic treatment. This comprehensive approach led to improved power in both upper limbs, pain relief, and a decrease in the size of subcutaneous nodules. The patient, now two months post-treatment, continues to do well upon follow-up.

Keywords: phyllodes tumour, malignant, case study, treatment modalities, metastatic

[1]. Zhang Y, Kleer Cg. Phyllodes Tumor Of The Breast: Histopathologic Features, Differential Diagnosis, And Molecular/Genetic Updates. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016;140(7):665-671. Doi: 10.5858/Arpa.2016-0042-Ra.
[2]. Müller J. Über Den Feinern Bau Und Die Formen Der Krankhaften Geschwulste. Vol. 1. Berlin, Germany: Reimer; 1838. Pp. 54-60.
[3]. Lakhani Sr, Ellis Io, Schnitt Sj, Tan Ph, Vijver Mj, Eds. World Health Organization Classification Of Tumours Of The Breast. International Agency For Research On Cancer (Iarc); 2012.
[4]. Mishra Sp, Tiwary Sk, Mishra M, Khanna Ak. Phyllodes Tumor Of Breast: A Review Article. Isrn Surg. 2013;2013:361469. Doi: 10.1155/2013/361469.
[5]. Lee Bj, Pack Gt. Giant Intracanalicular Myxoma Of The Breast: The So-Called Cystosarcoma Phyllodes Mammae Of Johannes Muller. Ann Surg. 1931;93(1):250-268. Doi: 10.1097/00000658-193101000-00034.

Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-gynecology disorder affecting many women of childbearing age. Although a part of the involved mechanism in PCOS occurrence is discovered, the exact etiology and pathophysiology are not comprehensively understood yet. Androgen excess (male hormone excess), seen in 60-80% of girls and women with PCOS, is a key problem in the disorder and likely comes from ovaries in most women. The evidence suggests the several different external and internal factors which includes hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, genetic, epigenetics and environmental factors. PCOS increases the risk of further complications like anxiety, depression, metabolic syndrome........

Keywords: PCOS, Anovulation, Hirsutism, Hyperandrogenism, External and Internal factors.

[1]. Sumiya Islam Et Al, [A Process Of Finding Common Symptoms And Diagnosis Age Among Pcos Patients Through A Survey] July 2021[355896121] Available At: Https://Ieeexplore.Ieee.Org/Document/9580114.
[2]. Afrin Yasmin, Et Al, Pcos: A Updated Overview Foregrounding Impacts Of Ethnicities And Geographic Variations 25 November 2022 [Pg. No:1] 12121974, Available At: Https://Www.Mdpi.Com/2075 1729/12/12/1974/Html.
[3]. Hemlatha Gajbe Lecturer, Et Al, [Research Of Pcos] [14.07.22 In The Page No: 215,216]24553301, Available At: Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pmc/Articles/Pmc6489978/.
[4]. Sophie Williams, Et Al, [ The Pcosqol: Development And Preliminary Validation [20 Dec 2018] [Page No :1]20551029187195, Available At: Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pmc/Articles/Pmc6053872/.
[5]. Dr. A. M. Reddy Et Al, [ Homeopathic Treatment Of Pcos] Available At: Https://Drcarehomeopathy.Com/Treatments/Polycystic
Ovarian Disease Pcod.

Abstract: Background: Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) traces its roots first time in 19th century, with fundamental advancements including thoracoscopy in 1912. Laparoscopic techniques were greatest innovation of mid-20th century. Revolutions like laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy in the 1980s marked the start of MIS's transformative era and was major breakthrough of medical science in reshaping surgical paradigms. Robotic surgery, advanced 3D imaging and AI use has become latest innovation in MIS procedure. Materials and Methods: We followed a systematic search strategy utilizing databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Some data was searched manually from chrome. Primary keyword combinations such as "minimally invasive surgery" and "recent advancements" were used along with secondary keywords to gather relevant literature..........

Keywords: Robotic surgery, Artificial Intelligence, Minimally Invasive Surgery, Advanced Imaging, Micro-instruments.

[1] Professional, C. C. M. (2023). Minimally Invasive Surgery. Cleveland Clinic.
Https://My.Clevelandclinic.Org/Health/Procedures/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery
[2] Ms Ukbm. Exploratory (Diagnostic) Laparoscopy: Background, Indications, Contraindications [Internet]. Available From: Https://Emedicine.Medscape.Com/Article/1829816-Overview
[3] Statista. Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Size Worldwide 2019-2030 [Internet]. Statista. 2022. Available From:
Https://Www.Statista.Com/Statistics/1258246/Worldwide-Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Market-Size/
[4] St Peter Sd, Holcomb Gw. History Of Minimally Invasive Surgery. Researchgate [Internet]. 2009 Jan 1; Available From: Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/290163874_History_Of_Minimally_Invasive_Surgery
[5] Professional Ccm. Minimally Invasive Surgery [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic. Available From:
Https://My.Clevelandclinic.Org/Health/Procedures/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery

Abstract: Introduction: Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix are rare and present symptoms similar to acute appendicitis, which makes diagnosis difficult. The accumulation of mucin inside the organ can lead to its perforation resulting in peritoneal pseudomyxoma (PMP), a condition that is to be treated.
Case report: A 36-year-old man with no previous medical history suddenly experienced mild abdominal pain that spread throughout his abdomen. A full abdominal ultrasound (USG) was carried out, revealing an enlarged appendix with the walls also showing signs of calcification. Laboratory tests showed alterations and a computed tomography (CT) scan.........

Keywords: Appendectomy;Appendicitis;Mucinous Neoplasms

[1]. Carr Nj, Bibeau F, Bradley Rf, Et Al. The Histopathological Classification, Diagnosis, And Differential Diagnosis Of Mucinous Appendiceal Neoplasms, Appendiceal Adenocarcinomas, And Pseudomyxoma Peritonei. Histopathology. 2017 Dec;71(6):847-858. Doi: 10.1111/His.13324. Epub 2017 Sep 19. Pmid: 28746986.
[2]. Carr Nj, Cecil Td, Mohamed F, Sobin Lh, Et Al; Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International. A Consensus For Classification And Pathologic Reporting Of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei And Associated Appendiceal Neoplasia: The Results Of The Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (Psogi) Modified Delphi Process. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016 Jan;40(1):14-26. Doi: 10.1097/Pas.0000000000000535. Pmid: 26492181.
[3]. Misdraji J. Mucinous Epithelial Neoplasms Of The Appendix And Pseudomyxoma Peritonei. Mod Pathol. 2015 Jan;28 Suppl 1:S67-79. Doi: 10.1038/Modpathol.2014.129. Pmid: 25560600.
[4]. Michael J. (2022). Appendiceal Mucinous Lesions, Uptodate. Retrieved December 27, 2023, From Https://Www.Uptodate.Com/Contents/Appendiceal-Mucinous-Lesions.
[5]. Nagtegaal Id, Odze Rd, Klimstra D, Et Al; Who Classification Of Tumours Editorial Board. The 2019 Who Classification Of Tumors Of The Digestive System. Histopathology. 2020 Jan;76(2):182-188. Doi: 10.1111/His.13975. Epub 2019 Nov 13. Pmid: 31433515; Pmcid: Pmc7003895

Abstract: A 74-year-old female presented to our ophthalmology department with decreased visual acuity in her right eye persisting for several years. Upon ophthalmologic examination of the right eye, visual acuity was found to be reduced to the level of detecting hand motion. Slit lamp examination revealed a clear cornea, synchysis scintillans in the anterior chamber, and a hypermatured lens characteristic of a Morgagnian cataract, with total liquefaction of the cortex (Figures 1 and 2), causing the nucleus......

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Abstract: Background:Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease are at high risk for Hepatitis B virus infection due to blood transfusions, invasive surgical procedures and endoscopic procedures. India falls in intermediate endemic zone with high disease burden for Hepatitis B virus infection. Testing for anti HBs levels in Ulcerative Colitis patients may reflect immunity status against Hepatitis B Virus in these patients of this area. These measures will increase Hepatitis B vaccination coverage in adult patients. Aim : To study sero-prevalence.........

Keywords: Ulcerative Colitis, HBV vaccination, HBsAg, Anti-HBs titers, Anti HBc Total

[1]. Tolentino Yfm, Fogaça Hs, Zaltman C, Ximenes Lll, Coelho, Hsm. Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence And Transmission Risk Factors In Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients At Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:3201
[2]. Altunöz Me, Şenateş E, Yeşil A, Çalhan T, Övünç Aok. Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have A Lower Response Rate To Hbv Vaccination Compared To Controls. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57:1039-44.
[3]. Ray G. Current Scenario Of Hepatitis B And Its Treatment In India. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2017;5(3):277–296.
[4]. Lahariya C, Subramanya Bp, Sosler S. An Assessment Of Hepatitis B Vaccine Introduction In India: Lessons For Roll Out And Scale Up Of New Vaccines In Immunization Programs.Indian J Public Health, Jan-Mar 2013;57(1):8-14.
[5]. Yeo Sj, Lee Hs, Jang Bi, Kim Es, Jeon Sw, Kim Sk, Kim Ko, Lee Yj, Lee Hj, Park Ks, Jung Yj, Kim Ey, Yang Ch; Crohn's And Colitis Association In Daegu-Gyeongbuk (Ccaid). Nonimmunity Against Hepatitis B Virus Infection In Patients Newly Diagnosed With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Intest Res. 2018 Jul;16(3):400-408.

Abstract: Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) resides in the stomach, colonizes gastric epithelium, and causes several digestive system diseases. Several diagnostic methods utilizing invasive or non invasive tech niques with varying levels of sensitivity and specificity are developed to detect H. pylori infection. H.pylori stool antigen assay is a promising non invasive test to detect H.pylori infection. Aim : To study prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antigen in s tool of patients with dyspepsia attending Nehru Hospital, PGIMER, Chandigarh......

Key words: Helicobact er pylori, HpSA, Dyspepsia

[1]. Thomson Ab, Barkun An, Armstrong D, Chiba N, White Rj, Daniels S, Et Al. The Prevalence Of Clinically Significant Endoscopic Findings In Primary Care Patients With Uninvestigated Dyspepsia: The Canadian Adult Dyspepsia Empiric Treatme nt Prompt Endoscopy (Cadet Pe) Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17(12):1481 91.
[2]. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'morain Ca, Atherton J, Axon At, Bazzoli F, Et Al. Management Of Helicobacter Pylori Infection The Maastricht Iv/ Florence Consensus Report. Gu t 2012;61(5):646 64.
[3]. Segamwenge Il,Kagimu M,Ocama P,Opio K. The Utility Of The Helicobacter Pylori Stool Antigen Test In Managing Dyspepsia: An Experience From A Low Resource Setting African Health Sciences Vol 14 Issue 4, P.829 834,December 2014.
[4]. Hossain Ms, Das S, Khodeza Sm, Begum N,Rahman Mm, Mazumder Rn,Gazi Ma, Fahim Sm, Mahfuz M,Haque R, Petri Wa, Sarker Sa, Ahmed T.Asymptomatic Duodenitis And Helicobacter Pylori Associated Dyspepsia In 2 Year Old Chronic Malnourished Bangladeshi Slum Dwelling Child ren: A Cross Sectional Study . Journal Of Tropical Pediatrics , 2020, 00, 1 8. Doi: 10.1093/Tropej/Fmaa079
[5]. D Asrat,I Nilsson,Y Mengistu,S A Ashenafi,K Ayenew,W Abu Al Soud,T Wadstrom,E Kassa.Prevalence Of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Adult Dyspeptic Pat ients In Ethiopia.Ethiop Med J .2011 Apr;49(2):109 16.

Abstract: Background: Proper diagnosis of the disease plays a crucial role in concluding the patient's condition without which medical treatment or surgery cannot be obtained. The role of a clinical lab technician is critical for proper diagnosis and interpretation of results. Therefore, adequate knowledge, their attitude and the appropriate practice of handling clinical samples are vital to generating accurate and reliable results to proceed with the clinician's diagnosis and treatment. Objectives: The primary.......

Keywords: clinical technicians, laboratory operations, knowledge, attitude, performances

[1]. Sikaris Ka. Enhancing The Clinical Value Of Medical Laboratory Testing. The Clinical Biochemist Reviews. 2017 Nov;38(3):107
[2]. Bayot Ml, Brannan Gd, Naidoo P. Clinical Laboratory. [Updated 2021 Jul 30]. In: Statpearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (Fl): Statpearls Publishing; 2022 Jan
[3]. Kirk Cj, Shult Pa. Developing Laboratory Networks: A Practical Guide And Application. Public Health Reports. 2010 May;125(2_Suppl):102-9.
[4]. Saliki Jt. The Role Of Diagnostic Laboratories In Disease Control. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences. 2000 Dec;916(1):134-8.
[5]. Delwiche Fa. Mapping The Literature Of Clinical Laboratory Science. Journal Of The Medical Library Association. 2003 Jul;91(3):303.

Abstract: Backgroun d Tibial shaft fractures are common, with proximal third fractures comprising a smaller but significant subset. The rise in high velocity road traffic injuries has contributed to an increase in these fractures, predominantly affecting economically active adult males. These fractures often present with severe soft tissue injuries and bone comminution, posing challenges for treatment. Intrame dullary nailing has been a successful method for tibial shaft fractures, but applying this technique to proximal third fractures presents difficulties due to deforming forces. The standard approach for intramedullary nailing in the tibia is......

Keywords: Tibia, Proximal third fractures, Suprap a tellar technique, Infrapatellar technique , LEFS score

[1]. Court Brown Cm, Bone … Jm Tj Of, 1995. The Epidemiology Of Tibial Fractures. 1995 [Cited 1995].
[2] Lars en P, Lund H, Laessoe U, Et Al. Restrictions In Quality Of Life After Intramedullary Nailing Of Tibial Shaft Fracture: A Retrospective Follow Up Study Of 223 Cases J Orthop Trauma 2014; 28:507 12.
[3]. Ricci Wm, O'boyle M, Trauma Jb --… Of Orthopaedic, 2001. Fractures Of The Proximal Third Of The Tibial Shaft Treated With Intramedullary Nails And Blocking Screws. 2001 [Cited 2001].
[4]. Tornetta P, Collins E. Semiextended Position Of Intramedullary Nailing Of The Proximal Tibia. Clin Orthop Relat Res [Internet 1996 Jul 1 [Cited 1996 Jul 1] ;(328):185 9.
[5] Zhendong H, Li J, Hu Z, Orthopedics T. Comparison Of Therapeutic Effects Of Suprapatellar Approach And Infrapatellar Approach Intramedullary Nail For Tibial Shaft Fractures. J Pract Orthop. 2017;23(9):794 7.

Abstract: Background: Bilateral terrible triad injuries to the elbow are rare and challenging clinical scenarios characterized by a complex combination of posterolateral elbow dislocation, radial head fracture, and coronoid process fracture. Case Report: This study presents a case of a 21-year-old female with bilateral terrible triad injuries resulting from a fall, emphasizing the efficacy of early surgical intervention and highlighting the management strategies and outcomes. The patient's.....

Keywords: Bilateral terrible triad injuries; Posterolateral elbow dislocation; Radial head fracture; Coronoid process fracture

[1]. Hotchkiss Rn. Fractures And Dislocations Of The Elbow. Fractures In Adults. 1996:929-1024.
[2]. Laumonerie P, Mansat P. Terrible Triad Injury Of The Elbow: A Spectrum Of Theories. Jses International. 2023 Apr 15.
[3]. Bennani, Mourad, Et Al. "Bilateral Radial Head Fracture With Unilateral Terrible Triad Injury In A Military." Archives Of Clinical And Medical Case Reports 7.1 (2023): 89-94.
[4]. Zha G, Niu X, Yu W, Xiao L. Severe Injury Of Bilateral Elbow Joints With Unilateral Terrible Triad Of The Elbow And Unilateral Suspected Terrible Triad Of The Elbow Complicated With Olecranon Fracture: One Case Report. International Journal Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine. 2015;8(8):14214.
[5]. O'driscoll Sw, Morrey Bf, Korinek S, An Kn. Elbow Subluxation And Dislocation: A Spectrum Of Instability. Clinical Orthopaedics And Related Research (1976-2007). 1992 Jul 1;280:186-97.