iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2024

Abstract: With an emphasis on their uses in tissue regeneration, tooth replacement, and preventative dental care, this thorough overview delves into the most recent developments in biomaterials and technology within the field of restorative dentistry. The study classifies biomaterials into bioinert, bioactive, and bioresorbable materials, emphasizing their distinct qualities and therapeutic consequences. It does this by drawing on a plethora of research produced between 2018 and 2023. For a variety of dental operations, bioinert materials—such as metals, ceramics, and....

Key Word: Biomaterials, Restorative; Dentistry.

[1]. Schwendicke F, Göstemeyer G, Blunck U, Paris S, Hsu Ly, Tu Yk. Directly Placed Restorative Materials: Review And Network Meta-Analysis. J Dent Res. 2016 Jun 1;95(6):613–22.
[2]. Di Foggia M, Prati C, Gandolfi Mg, Taddei P. An In Vitro Study On Dentin Demineralization And Remineralization: Collagen Rearrangements And Influence On The Enucleated Phase. J Inorg Biochem. 2019 Apr 1;193:84–93.
[3]. Sauro S, Pashley Dh. Strategies To Stabilise Dentine-Bonded Interfaces Through Remineralising Operative Approaches – State Of The Art. Int J Adhes Adhes. 2016;69:39–57.
[4]. Alaohali A, Brauer Ds, Gentleman E, Sharpe Pt. A Modified Glass Ionomer Cement To Mediate Dentine Repair. Dent Mater. 2021 Aug 1;37(8):1307–15.
[5]. Schumacher Ge, Antonucci Jm, O'donnell Jnr, Skrtic D. The Use Of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Composites As Bioactive Basing Materials Their Effect On The Strength Of The Composite/Adhesive/ Dentin Bond. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007;138(11):1476–84..

Abstract: Platelets play an important role in coagulation and wound healing. They also help in repair and regeneration of tissues. Centrifugation of whole blood at various speeds and time to form different types of platelet concentrates with or without anti-coagulant includes platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet rich fibrin (PRF), etc. They are widely used in various fields of medicine and dentistry to assist in initial phase of wound healing, tissue regeneration, and also used as an alternative to bone graft or in combination with bone graft. This article provides detailed knowledge about evolution of platelet concentrate, its preparation technique and its application in periodontics including recent advances.

Key Word: Platelet, Growth Factors, Regeneration, Platelet Rich Plasma, Platelet Rich Fibrin

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Abstract: Summary : Introduction: This survey aimed to study the prevalence and risk factors of severe acute postoperative pain in the population of Lubumbashi. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study. Data collection was prospective over 6 months, from May 1, 2023 to November 30, 2023. Any patient over the age of 18 who had undergone a surgical procedure under general........

Keywords: severe postoperative pain, prevalence, risk factors.

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Abstract: Uterine artery embolization is a novel innovative minimally invasive procedure that has been gaining popularity in India for treatment of fibroids since the last decade performed by interventional radiologists. It's a treatment option for women who are infertile and suffer from symptomatic fibroid as it gives a chance to preserve fertility and avoid complicated surgeries to the uterus. Currently it's the procedure of choice in women with multiple symptomatic fibroids who wish to preserve the uterus. The advantages of the procedure are that it is minimally invasive with very little blood loss. It is performed under local anaesthesia and sedation through the groin puncture.....

[1]. Day Baird D, Dunson Db, Hill Mc, Cousins D, Schectman Jm. High Cumulative Incidence Of Uterine Leiomyoma In Black And White Women: Ultrasound Evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188(1): 100–107.
[2]. Parker Wh. Etiology, Symptomatology, And Diagnosis Of Uterine Myomas. Fertil Steril 2007;87(4): 725–736.
[3]. Goodwin Sc, Vedantham S, Mclucas B, Forno Ae, Perrella R. Preliminary Experience With Uterine Artery Embolization For Uterine Fibroids. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1997;8(4):517–526.
[4]. American College Of Obstetricians And Gynecologists. Acog Practice Bulletin: Alternatives To Hysterectomy In The Management Of Leiomyomas. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112(2 Pt 1):387–400.
[5]. Spies Jb, Myers Er, Worthington-Kirsch R, Et Al. The Fibroid Registry: Symptom And Quality-Of-Life Status 1 Year After Therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106(6):1309–1318.

Abstract: Antibiotics have historically been hailed as monumental advances in medicine, yet the emerging challenge of antibiotic resistance represents a new pinnacle of concern. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extensively drug-resistant (edr) strains of acinetobacter baumannii has significantly complicated the treatment landscape for infections attributed to this pathogen, effectively turning a once dependable therapeutic ally into a daunting foe. The notable proficiency of a. Baumannii to develop resistance to antibiotics has markedly limited treatment options. The advent of carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (crab) further aggravates this scenario, rendering......

[1]. Higgins Pg, Dammhayn C, Hackel M, Seifert H. Global Spread Of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii. Journal Of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2010 Feb 1;65(2):233-8.
[2]. Urase T, Goto S, Sato M. Monitoring Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales In The Environment To Assess The Spread In The Community. Antibiotics. 2022 Jul 8;11(7):917.
[3]. A Evans B, Hamouda A, Gb Amyes S. The Rise Of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2013 Jan 1;19(2):223-38.
[4]. Lim Sm, Abidin Az, Liew Sm, Roberts Ja, Sime Fb. The Global Prevalence Of Multidrug-Resistance Among Acinetobacter Baumannii Causing Hospital-Acquired And Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia And Its Associated Mortality: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Journal Of Infection. 2019 Dec 1;79(6):593-600.
[5]. Poirel L, Nordmann P. Carbapenem Resistance In Acinetobacter Baumannii: Mechanisms And Epidemiology. Clinical Microbiology And Infection. 2006 Sep 1;12(9):826-36.

Abstract: Background: in 2018, african region was worst hit with 25.7 million people living with hiv and in nigeria an estimated 1.9 million people living with hiv. Socio-demographic factors point to important predictors of hiv infection as has been well documented. These factors highlight trends in the pattern of spread of the disease and in turn aid policy and planning. Objective: the aim of this study is to assess the socio-demographic factors among people living with hiv in federal medical centre, asaba.......

Keywords: sociodemographic characteristics, hiv/aids, patients, tertiary facility, nigeria.

[1]. Global Hiv & Aids Statistics-2019 Fact Sheet. Https://Www.Unaids.Org/En/Resources/Fact-Sheet Accessed 2020, January 18.
[2]. Hiv/Aids/Who Regional Office For Africa. Https://Www.Afro.Who.Int/Health-Topics/Hivaids Accessed 2020, January 18. [3]. Shisana O, Rehle T, Simbayi Lc, Zuma K, Jooste S, Zungu N, Et Al. South African National Hiv Prevalence, Incidence And Behavior Survey, 2012. Cape Town: Hsrc Press; 2014. [4]. Harrison A, Colvin Cj, Kuo C, Swartz A, Lurie M. Sustained High Hiv Incidence In Young Women In Southern Africa: Social, Behavioral, And Structural Factors And Emerging Intervention Approaches. Curr Hiv/Aids Rep. 2015;12(2):207–15. [5]. Mabaso, M., Makola, L., Naidoo, I. Et Al. Hiv Prevalence In South Africa Through Gender And Racial Lenses: Results From The 2012 Population-Based National Household Survey. Int J Equity Health. 2019;18: 167doi:10.1186/S12939-019-1055-6

Abstract: A 24 year old male presented with c/o mild redness and watering in LE since 2 days . He underwent PRK in BE for compound myopic astigmatism 5 days ago after necessary preop evaluation.O/E vision was 6/6,N6 in BE.BCL was in situ in BE.RE Anterior segment was WNL.LE showed dense lid crusts on lid margin,mild congestion of conjunctiva and cornea showed presence of arc shaped creamy white infiltrate in the paralimbal area of approx 4X2 mm outside the treatment zone with intact corneal epithelium over the infiltrate and intervening clear zone between limbus and infiltrate.

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Abstract: small cell lung cancer (sclc)is a subtype of bronchogenic carcinoma separated from non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) as it has a unique presentation, imaging appearances, treatment and prognosis. Sclc are neuroendocrine tumors of the lung that rapidly grow, highly malignant, widely metastasize, and despite showing an initial response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, they have a poor prognosis and are usually unresectable.

Key words: immunohistochemistry (ihc), neuroendocrine tumour (net), Nsclc, sclc

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Abstract: Background Postpartum psychosis (ppp) is a relatively rare condition, with no known aetiology and no accepted definition. Current psychiatry nosology has not classified ppp as a distinct disorder, and is currently a manic, mixed, or major depressive episode with psychotic features or psychotic disorder nos or brief psychotic disorder occurring within four weeks post-partum. Objectives The objectives were to determine the presenting symptoms of postpartum psychosis, to determine the prevalence of mania, depression and mixed mood episodes in the postpartum period and to determine if diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder spectrum is met in postpartum psychosis......

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Abstract: Background: Among the prognostic factors identified in recent decades in early schizophrenia is the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). DUP is defined as the time between the onset of psychotic symptoms and the initiation of treatment. Indeed, studies in the literature have shown the detrimental effect of DUP, with more psychotic relapses and hospitalizations, poorer response to antipsychotics, more severe clinical symptoms, poorer functioning and impaired quality of life. It is against this backdrop that we conducted this research study, the aim of which is to assess the duration of untreated psychosis in patients with early-onset schizophrenia and its possible correlations with sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics over a two-year follow-up.......

Key Word: Early-onset schizophrenia - duration of untreated psychosis - global functioning.

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[2]. Cascio M-T, Cella M, Preti A Et Al. Gender And Duration Of Untreated Psychosis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Early Intervention In Psychiatry. 2012; 6 (2): 115-127.
[3]. Kirkbride J-B, Hameed Y, Ankired Dypolli G Et Al. The Epidemiology Of First-Episode Psychosis In Early Intervention In Psychosis Services: Findings From The Social Epidemiology Of Psychoses In East Anglia [Sepea] Study. American Journal Of Psychiatry. 2017; 174 (2): 153.
[4]. Souaiby L., Gaillard R., Krebs M.-O. Duration Of Untreated Psychosis: A State-Of-The-Art Review And Critical Analysis. Encephale. 2016, 42(4), 361-366.
[5]. Mathilde Roser, Éric Fakra. Delay In Diagnosis And Initiation Of Antipsychotic Treatment. In Lavoisier Médecine : Les Schizophrénies(2019), Pages 339 - 343 .

Abstract: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but serious complication of neuroleptic treatment, which can be life threatening in 10-20% of cases. It represents a neuropsychiatric diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Individualized as "akineto-hypertonic syndrome" by Delay and Deniker. Its incidence is currently estimated at between 0.01 and 0.02% of patients receiving antipsychotic treatment of all classes. The sex ratio is two men to one woman. Clinically, NMS manifests as hyperthermia, rigidity and dysautonomia with disturbed consciousness. Biologically, a constant increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is associated with hyper-leukocytosis. The imputability of NMS to conventional neuroleptics......

Key Word: neuroleptic malignant syndrome, classic neuroleptic, atypical neuroleptic.

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[3]. Diagnostic And Mtatistical Manual Of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. 5th Ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
[4]. Kartik Singhai, Pooja Patnaik Kuppili⁎, Naresh Nebhinani Atypical Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Systematic Review Of Case Reports. General Hospital Psychiatry 60(2019) 12-19.