iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2024

Abstract: Background: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has emerged as a valuable indicator of cardiovascular health, reflecting the dynamic interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system [1]. Traditionally, HRV assessment involves the analysis of RR intervals derived from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, providing valuable insights into autonomic function, stress levels, and overall well-being [2]. This study aims to explore the possibility of utilizing PPG signals obtained from smartphone cameras to accurately derive HRV metrics, representing a novel and promising approach to non-invasive cardiovascular assessment.........

Key Words: Heart rate variability; Sdnn; Rmssd; Photoplethysmograph; cardiovascular, non-invasive.

[1]. Grégoire Jm, Gilon C, Carlier S, Bersini H. Autonomic Nervous System Assessment Using Heart Rate Variability. Acta Cardiol. 2023 Aug;78(6):648-662. Doi: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2177371. Epub 2023 Feb 21. Pmid: 36803313.
[2]. Shaffer F, Ginsberg Jp. An Overview Of Heart Rate Variability Metrics And Norms. Front Public Health. 2017 Sep 28;5:258.
[3]. Amjad A, Kordel P, Fernandes G. A Review On Innovation In Healthcare Sector (Telehealth) Through Artificial Intelligence. Sustainability. 2023; 15(8):6655.
[4]. Fda. (2020). Evaluation Of Automatic Class Iii Designation For The Polar H9.
[5]. Zhang, Z., Pi, Z., & Liu, B. (2019). Troika: A General Framework For Heart Rate Monitoring Using Wrist-Type Photoplethysmographic Signals During Intensive Physical Exercise. Ieee Transactions On Biomedical Engineering, 62(2), 522-531.

Abstract: Introduction Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) poses challenges due to significant blood loss, often necessitating blood transfusions and leading to complications. Various methods exist to mitigate bleeding, including tranexamic acid (TXA) administration via different routes. This study aims to investigate the best route of administration of TXA to minimize blood loss and better patient outcomes. Methodology This study compared intravenous (IV), intralesional, and combined IV and intralesional TXA administration in 48 TKA patients. Conducted between 2021 and 2023 in Nigeria, the randomized prospective study aimed to identify the most effective TXA administration route for hemostasis. Postoperative blood loss and transfusion rates were assessed........

[1] Skou, S. T., Roos, E. M., Laursen, M. B., Rathleff, M. S., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Simonsen, O., & Rasmussen, S. (2015). A Randomized, Controlled Trial Of Total Knee Replacement. New England Journal Of Medicine, 373(17), 1597-1606.
[2] Reinhardt, K. R., Osoria, H., Nam, D., Alexiades, M. A., Figgie, M. P., & Su, E. P. (2013). Reducing Blood Loss After Total Knee Replacement: A Fibrin Solution. The Bone & Joint Journal, 95(11_Supple_A), 135-139.
[3] Pawaskar, A., Salunke, A. A., Kekatpure, A., Chen, Y., Nambi, G. I., Tan, J., ... & Pathak, S. (2017). Do Autologous Blood Transfusion Systems Reduce Allogeneic Blood Transfusion In Total Knee Arthroplasty?. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 25, 2957-2966.
[4] Keyhani, S., Esmailiejah, A. A., Abbasian, M. R., & Safdari, F. (2016). Which Route Of Tranexamic Acid Administration Is More Effective To Reduce Blood Loss Following Total Knee Arthroplasty?. Archives Of Bone And Joint Surgery, 4(1), 65.
[5] Xie, J., Hu, Q., Huang, Z., Zhou, Z., & Pei, F. (2019). Comparison Of Three Routes Of Administration Of Tranexamic Acid In Primary Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: Analysis Of A National Database. Thrombosis Research, 173, 96-101.

Abstract: Introduction knee arthrodesis emerges as a viable salvage option when revision arthroplasty fails in treating total knee arthroplasty (tka) complications. With tka rates rising, subsequent revisions and arthrodesis procedures are expected to increase. Compared to above-the-knee amputations, arthrodesis offers superior pain relief, reduced need for future surgeries, better cosmetic outcomes, and enhanced ambulation. Various techniques like intramedullary nails, external fixation, and compression plates cater to different patient conditions. Decision-making depends on infection status, soft tissue condition, and bone loss. Recent studies favour external fixation and im nails for recurrent infections, but outcomes vary. This review aims to assess outcomes, indications, and complications of arthrodesis techniques for failed tkas......

Key Word: severe osteoarthritis, failed arthroplasty, knee fusion, prevalence, treatment.

[1] Rodriguez-Merchan, E. C. (2015). Knee Fusion Or Above-The-Knee Amputation After Failed Two-Stage Reimplantation Total Knee Arthroplasty. Archives Of Bone And Joint Surgery, 3(4), 241.
[2] Kuchinad, R., Fourman, M. S., Fragomen, A. T., & Rozbruch, S. R. (2014). Knee Arthrodesis As Limb Salvage For Complex Failures Of Total Knee Arthroplasty. The Journal Of Arthroplasty, 29(11), 2150-2155.
[3] van Rensch, P. J. H., Van De Pol, G. J., Goosen, J. H. M., Wymenga, A. B., & De Man, F. H. R. (2014). Arthrodesis Of The Knee Following Failed Arthroplasty. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 22, 1940-1948.
[4] watanabe, K., Minowa, T., Takeda, S., Otsubo, H., Kobayashi, T., Kura, H., & Yamashita, T. (2014). Outcomes Of Knee Arthrodesis Following Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Analysis Of 8 Cases. Modern Rheumatology, 24(2), 243-249.
[5] 12 Bolton, C., & Parker, D. (2022). Knee Arthrodesis. Infection In Knee Replacement, 207-214.

Abstract: The article reports a rare case where an orthodontically treated patient's self-intervention to tighten her Hawley's retainer resulted in the bilateral intrusion of maxillary second premolars emphasizing the importance of passively designed retainers with thorough counselling of the patient about the possible sequelae of interference with the design of the appliance at home.

Keywords: D-I-Y dentistry; complication; Hawley's retainer; intrusion

[1] Atack N, Harradine N, Sandy Jr, Ireland Aj. Which Way Forward? Fixed Or Removable Lower Retainers. Angle Orthodontist 2007;77 (6):954–9.
[2] Littlewood Sj, Millett Dt, Doubleday B, Bearn Dr, Worthington Hv. Retention Procedures For Stabilising Tooth Position After Treatment With Orthodontic Braces. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 1. Art. No.: Cd002283.
[3] Sauget E, Covell Da Jr, Boero Rp, Lieber Ws. Comparison Of Occlusal Contacts With Use Of Hawley And Clear Overlay Retainers. Angle Orthod. 1997;67(3):223-30.
[4] Alassiry Am. Orthodontic Retainers: A Contemporary Overview. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019 Jul 1;20(7):857-862.
[5] Kalha As. Orthodontic Retention To Have And To Hold. Evid Based Dent. 2016 Dec;17(4):105-106.
Doi: 10.1038/Sj.Ebd.6401200. Pmid: 27980334

Abstract: VIC originally described by Richard Von Volkman, is a condition arising from muscle ischaemia and necrosis characterized by fibrosis and forearm contracture. Compartment syndrome arising from supracondylar humeral fracture is a common aetiology, with significant cases also arising from tight traditional bone setter's bandages. The severity of VIC based on Tsuge's classification is a significant determinant of treatment choice. Bone shortening osteotomy is a viable treatment option for moderate and severe VIC. The aim of this case series is to report the functional outcome of forearm shortening osteotomy conducted in our hospital.......

Keywords: Forearm shortening osteotomy, Moderate and severe VIC, Disability of arm, shoulder, hand score(DASH) outcome

[1] Mirza Tm, Taqi M. Volkmann Contracture. In: Statpearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (Fl): Statpearls Publishing; 2024 [Cited 2024 Jan 27]. Available From: Http://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/Nbk557754/
[2] Sharma P, Swamy Mks. Results Of The Max Page Muscle Sliding Operation For The Treatment Of Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture Of The Forearm. J Orthop Traumatol. 2012 Dec;13(4):189–96.
[3] Preis J. [Volkmann's Contracture And Suprcondylar Fractures Of The Humerus In Children]. Rozhl V Chir Mesicnik Ceskoslovenske Chir Spolecnosti. 2000 Aug;79(8):357–63.
[4] Yamaguchi S, Viegas Sf. Causes Of Upper Extremity Compartment Syndrome. Hand Clin. 1998 Aug;14(3):365–70.
[5] Saaiq M. Clinical And Demographic Profile Of Volkmann's Ischemic Contractures Presenting At National Institute Of Rehabilitation Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan. World J Plast Surg. 2020 May;9(2):166–73.

Abstract: Macrodontia is defined as an abnormality in tooth size that manifests clinically as a tooth of normal morphology but of unusually larger size, with a single root and pulp chamber. This dental anomaly is also known by various names such as megalodontia, megadontia, dental gigantism, megadontism, megadonty, or macrodontism. Functional and aesthetic discrepancies may arise in affected individuals resulting in lowering the quality of life. It may be associated with numerous syndromes and medical conditions. Macrodontia is an uncommon dental anomaly that can present in both primary and permanent dentition. It has often been reported to occur concomitantly with other dental anomalies. Three types of macrodontia are recognized: true generalized macrodontia, relative generalized macrodontia and macrodontia involving a single tooth. This case reports an unusual presentation of macrodontia involving maxillary central incisor and possible treatment options.

[1] King Nm, Tsai Jsj, Wong Hm. Morphological And Numerical Characteristics Of The Southern Chinese Dentitions. Part I: Anomalies In The Permanent Dentition. Open Anthropol J. 2010;3(2):54–64. Doi: 10.2174/1874912701003020054.
[2] Groper Jn. Macrodontia Of A Single Tooth: Review Of Literature And Report Of Case. J Am Dent Assoc 1987;114(1):69.
[3] Mrinalini M, Chetan C. True Generalized Macrodontia In A Case Of Rabson–Mendenhall Syndrome. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2015;27(3):357–360. Doi: 10.1016/J.Ajoms.2014.04.006.
[4] Canoglu E, Canoglu H, Aktas A, Cehreli Zc. Isolated Bilateral Macrodontia Of Mandibular Second Premolars: A Case Report. Eur J Dent. 2012;6(03):330–334. Doi: 10.1055/S-0039-1698969.
[5] Mamdani S, Pathak D, Harrison M, Bhujel N. Macrodontia And Double Teeth: A Review And Case Series. British Dental Journal. 2023 Mar 10;234(5):315-21.

Abstract: Background: Ankle-brachial index is a non-invasive method to diagnose PAD (peripheral artery disease) and there is strong association between PAD with CAD (coronary artery disease).10 the REACH trial suggests that 70% of patients with PAD have atherosclerotic disease in vascular beds such as coronary artery.6 The present study aim to determine the relation between ankle-brachial index and CAD and to know whether ABI could be a useful tool in predicting CAD. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study conducted in Adichunchanagiri institute of medical science B G Nagara Mandya, Karnataka over a period of 6 months........

Keywords: Ankle-brachial index; Angiography; Coronary artery disease.

[1]. Koumelli, A.; Tsioufis, K.; Konstantinou, K.; Mantzouranis, E.; Kasiakogias, A.; Dimitriadis, K.; Milk, A.; Konstantinidis, D.; Leontsinis, I.; Tousoulis, D.. Correlation Of Ankle-Brachial Index With Severity Of Coronary Artery Disease In Patients Hospitalized For Acute Myocardial Infarction. Journal Of Hypertension 39():P E48, April 2021. |
Doi: 10.1097/01.Hjh.0000744864.93652.28 (8)
[2]. Papa Ed, Helber I, Ehrlichmann Mr, Alves Cm, Makdisse M, Matos Ln, Borges Jl, Lopes Rd, Stefanini E, Carvalho Ac. Ankle-Brachial Index As A Predictor Of Coronary Disease Events In Elderly Patients Submitted To Coronary Angiography. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013 Dec;68(12):1481-7. Doi: 10.6061/Clinics/2013(12)02. Pmid: 24473504; Pmcid: Pmc3840368.
[3]. De Oliveira Dc, Correia A, Nascimento Neto J, Gurgel M, Sarinho Fw, Victor Eg. Association Between Ankle-Brachial Index And Coronary Lesions Assessed By Coronary Angiography. Cardiol Res. 2015 Feb;6(1):216-220. Doi: 10.14740/Cr376w. Epub 2015 Feb 9. Pmid: 28197228; Pmcid: Pmc5295556.
[4]. Elzyat, A., Frere, A., Eldamanhory, A., Kamal, O., Relation Of Ankle Brachial Index And Severity Of Coronary Artery Disease. Zagazig University Medical Journal, 2023; (376-394): -.Doi: 10.21608/Zumj.2020.32280.1884.
[5]. Doobay Av, Anand Ss. Sensitivity And Specificity Of The Ankle-Brachial Index To Predict Future Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Jul;25(7):1463-9. Doi: 10.1161/01.Atv.0000168911.78624.B7. Epub 2005 May 5. Pmid: 15879302.

Abstract: Background: Organophosphate (OP) poisoning is one of the serious occupational hazards worldwide and easily accessible pesticides for suicidal poisoning. OP poisoning is one of the most common causes of poisoning in rural India. Acute pancreatitis in OP poisoning is seen in 5.7 %– 29% of the cases it is one of the rare complications. This case study is aimed to recognize the early signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis to avoid missing this complication and aid the primary as well as the emergency physicians to timely diagnose acute pancreatitis in these patients, thus preventing significant mortality(I)........

[1] Kaeley N, Vempalli N, Bhardwaj Bb, Samal B. A Case Of Organophosphate Poisoning With Intermediate Syndrome And Acute Pancreatitis - A Rare Complication. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Jan;10(1):564-566. Doi: 10.4103/Jfmpc.Jfmpc_744_20. Epub 2021 Jan 30. Pmid: 34017791; Pmcid: Pmc8132809.
[2] Lee Hs. Acute Pancreatitis And Organophosphate Poisoning--A Case Report And Review. Singapore Med J. 1989 Dec;30(6):599-601. Pmid: 2635407.
[3] Yoshida S, Okada H, Nakano S, Shirai K, Yuhara T, Kojima H, Doi T, Kato H, Suzuki K, Morishita K, Murakami E, Ushikoshi H, Toyoda I, Ogura S. Much Caution Does No Harm! Organophosphate Poisoning Often Causes Pancreatitis. J Intensive Care. 2015 Apr 30;3(1):21. Doi: 10.1186/S40560-015-0088-1. Pmid: 25949814; Pmcid: Pmc4422543.
[4] Hsiao Ct, Yang Cc, Deng Jf, Bullard Mj, Liaw Sj. Acute Pancreatitis Following Organophosphate Intoxication. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1996;34(3):343-7. Doi: 10.3109/15563659609013800. Pmid: 8667474

Abstract: Introduction: periprosthetic fractures post-total knee arthroplasty pose serious risks, with rising incidence linked to factors like prolonged lifespan and activity levels in older individuals. Risk factors include osteoporosis, advanced age, and implant issues. Treatment focuses on anatomical alignment and stable fixation, with modern methods like retrograde intramedullary nailing or locked plating favored. Nonoperative approaches are considered for some cases. A study in awka, nigeria, aims to gauge the prevalence of periprosthetic knee fractures.........

[1] Della Rocca, G. J., Leung, K. S., & Pape, H. C. (2011). Periprosthetic Fractures: Epidemiology And Future Projections. Journal Of Orthopaedic Trauma, 25, S66-S70.
[2] Ebraheim, N. A., Ray, J. R., Wandtke, M. E., Buchanan, G. S., Sanford, C. G., & Liu, J. (2015). Systematic Review Of Periprosthetic Tibia Fracture After Total Knee Arthroplasties. World Journal Of Orthopedics, 6(8), 649.
[3] Benkovich, V., Klassov, Y., Mazilis, B., & Bloom, S. (2020). Periprosthetic Fractures Of The Knee: A Comprehensive Review. European Journal Of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, 30(3), 387-399.
[4] Canton, G., Ratti, C., Fattori, R., Hoxhaj, B., & Murena, L. (2017). Periprosthetic Knee Fractures. A Review Of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management And Outcome. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 88(Suppl 2), 118.
[5] Canton, G., Ratti, C., Fattori, R., Hoxhaj, B., & Murena, L. (2017). Periprosthetic Knee Fractures. A Review Of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management And Outcome. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 88(Suppl 2), 118.

Abstract: Background: Anemia is a prevalent global health concern, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as children, adolescent girls, and women of reproductive age. Understanding red cell indices and hemogram parameters is crucial for effective anemia management, especially in rural settings with limited resources. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study conducted at Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Government Medical College, Ambajogai, involves analyzing hemogram parameters and red cell indices in 200 anemic patients. Demographic data, blood samples, and laboratory analyses were obtained following ethical guidelines........

Keywords: Anemia, Red cell indices, Hemogram parameters, Rural healthcare, Iron deficiency.

[1]. World Health Organization. (N.D.-A). Anaemia In Women And Children. World Health Organization. Available From : Https://Www.Who.Int/Data/Gho/Data/Themes/Topics/Anaemia_In_Women_And_Children
[2]. Buttarello, M. (2016), Laboratory Diagnosis Of Anemia: Are The Old And New Red Cell Parameters Useful In Classification And Treatment, How?. Int. Jnl. Lab. Hem., 38: 123-132. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Ijlh.12500
[3]. Garcia-Casal Mn, Pasricha Sr, Sharma Aj, Peña-Rosas Jp. Use And Interpretation Of Hemoglobin Concentrations For Assessing Anemia Status In Individuals And Populations: Results From A Who Technical Meeting. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019 Aug;1450(1):5-14. Doi: 10.1111/Nyas.14090. Epub 2019 Apr 21. Pmid: 31006883; Pmcid: Pmc6703163.
[4]. Chaparro Cm, Suchdev Ps. Anemia Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, And Etiology In Low- And Middle-Income Countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019 Aug;1450(1):15-31. Doi: 10.1111/Nyas.14092. Epub 2019 Apr 22. Pmid: 31008520; Pmcid: Pmc6697587.
[5]. Rahman Mm, Abe Sk, Rahman Ms, Kanda M, Narita S, Bilano V, Ota E, Gilmour S, Shibuya K. Maternal Anemia And Risk Of Adverse Birth And Health Outcomes In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Feb;103(2):495-504. Doi: 10.3945/Ajcn.115.107896. Epub 2016 Jan 6. Pmid: 26739036.

Abstract: Background: Study ponder endeavors to compare the clinical highlights and autoantibodies for MCTD and Overlap syndromes .Mixed connective tissue Disorder (MCTD) and OVERLAP disorders has distinctive symptomatic and Management challenges due as they have differing clinical appearances and Overlapping highlights with other immune system rheumatic maladies. Overlap disorder counting: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid ARTHRITIS, Systemic Sclerosis, Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Materials and Methods......

Keywords: Overlap syndrome, Autoantibodies , Alarcon-Segovia and Villareal, Anti-RNP, Mixed connective tissue disease.

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Abstract: Introduction: Intussusception is one of the most commonly seen emergencies in pediatric surgical speciality and also in the routine clinical practise of a paediatrician .The classical symptoms of intussuception (INTUSN ) in a child is the presence of intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and a particular type of red "currant jelly" coloured stools.The incidence of INTUSN has a varied course and usually starts in a very young age group and may continue to early childhood. Amala Institute of Medical Sciences is a medical college located in the central part of Kerala State and........

Keywords: Intussusception, Mass per abdomen,Blood in stools, Intestinal obstruction, Hydrostatic reduction

[1] Patsikas Mn, Papazoglou Lg, Paraskevas Gk. Current Views In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Intestinal Intussusception. Top Companion Anim Med. 2019 Dec;37:100360.
[2] Child Intussusception ,Shobhit Jain; Micelle J. Haydel. Statpearls
[3] Shapkina An, Shapkin W, Nelubov Iv, Pryanishena Lt: Intussusception In Children:
[4] 11-Year Experience In Vladivostok. Pediatr Surg Int 2006, 22:901–904.
[5] Nk Hazra, Ob Karki Et.Al: Intussusception In Children: A Short Term Analysis In Tertiary

Abstract: Background: Copd is one of the major health problem worldwide, is now one of the top three causes of the death worldwide and 90% of the deaths occur in low and middle income countries. About 3 million people and odd died due to this disease in 2012 contributing for 6% of all the deaths worldwide. The metabolic syndrome is a combination of the most life endangering heart attack risk factors like diabetes and impaired fasting blood glucose levels, obesity, elevated cholesterol and increased blood pressure. This study focuses on the threat posed by both copd and ms to the patient's.......

Keywords: copd, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia

[1] Global Initiative For Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 2022.
[2] International Diabetes Federation. 2021 July; 10th.
[3] Vujic T. Metabolic Syndrome In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:Frequency And Relationship With Systemic Inflammation. Pubmed Central. 2016 Apr-Jun; 20(2).
[4] Baniya S. Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) In Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd) Patients And Status Of C-Reactive Protein Among Copd Patients With And Without Mets Visiting Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal. European Respiratory Journal. 2021; 58:Suppl. 65,Pa3640.
[5] Ghatas T. The Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Egyptian Journal Of Bronchology. 2017; 11: 15.

Abstract: Background :cor pulmonale is defined as modification in the rv region of heart's anatomy (such as hypertrophy or dilatation) and function brought on by a main respiratory system illness that causes pulmonary hypertension (1). In clinical practise, this pathological definition is actually only marginally useful. According to certain suggestions, the term "alteration in the structure and function of the right ventricle" should be used in place of "hypertrophy." Clinically, cor pulmonale has been divided into three groups: acute, subacute, and chronic, depending on when the disease first manifests itself (2)......

[1] Murray & Nadel's Textbook Of Respiratory Medicine, 6th Edition | Annals Of The American Thoracic Society [Internet]. [Cited 2022 Nov 13]. Available From.

Abstract: This case report details the diagnosis, management, and recovery of a 31-year-old Bangladeshi male who presented with acute abdominal pain following the ingestion of fish. A CT scan suggested a fish bone-induced perforation of the small bowel. The patient underwent conservative treatment, avoiding surgical intervention, and showed remarkable recovery. This report underlines the significance of clinical suspicion and imaging in diagnosing micro gastrointestinal perforations by foreign bodies and presents a successful instance of non-operative management.

Keywords: foreign body perforation, ileal microperforation, non-operative management

[1] Goh Bk, Chow Pk, Quah Hm, Ong Hs, Eu Kw, Ooi Ll, Wong Wk. Perforation Of The Gastrointestinal Tract Secondary To Ingestion Of Foreign Bodies. World J Surg. 2006 Mar;30(3):372-7.
[2] Velitchkov Ng, Grigorov Gi, Losanoff Je, Kjossev Kt. Ingested Foreign Bodies Of The Gastrointestinal Tract: Retrospective Analysis Of 542 Cases. World J Surg. 1996 Oct;20(8):1001-5.
[3] Webb Wa. Management Of Foreign Bodies Of The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Update. Gastrointest Endosc. 1995 Jan;41(1):39-51.
[4] Eisen Gm, Baron Th, Dominitz Ja, Faigel Do, Goldstein Jl, Johanson Jf, Mallery Js, Raddawi Hm, Vargo Jj 2nd, Waring Jp, Fanelli Rd, Wheeler-Harbough J. Guideline For The Management Of Ingested Foreign Bodies. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002 Jun;55(7):802-6.
[5] Sugawa C, Ono H, Taleb M, Lucas Ce. Endoscopic Management Of Foreign Bodies In The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Oct 16;6(10):475-81.