iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2024

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to delineate the epidemiological, clinical, electroneuromyographic, and etiological characteristics of ataxic neuropathies based on an analysis of 18 cases. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 18 patients diagnosed with ataxic neuropathy from Mars 2023 to Mars 2024 in the neurology department at the University Hospital Center of Tanger. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, neurological examination, electroneuromyographic findings, and etiological investigations were collected and analyzed......

[1] Mathis S, Duval F, Soulages A, Solé G, Le Masson G. The Ataxic Neuropathies. J Neurol. 2021;268(10):3675-3689. Doi:10.1007/S00415-020-09994-Y
[2] Gwathmey Kg. Sensory Neuronopathies. Muscle Nerve. 2016;53(1):8-19. Doi:10.1002/Mus.24943
[3] Taly Ab, Prasad A, Vasanth A, Shankar Sk, Nagaraja D. Acute Ataxic Neuropathy: A Clinical, Electrophysiological And Morphological Study. Acta Neurol Scand. 1991;84(5):398-402. Doi:10.1111/J.1600-0404.1991.Tb04976.X
[4] Harada K, Ohkoshi N, Nagata H, Shoji S. [Ataxic Neuropathy In The Elderly--Clinicopathological Study Of Six Cases]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi Jpn J Geriatr. 1997;34(8):651-656. Doi:10.3143/Geriatrics.34.651
[5] Muta Y, Ohnishi A, Yamamoto T, Hashimoto T, Murai Y. [Sensory Ataxia In Peripheral Neuropathies--Etiological And Pathological Analysis Of Four Cases]. J Uoeh. 1992;14(1):59-65. Doi:10.7888/Juoeh.14.59

Abstract: Understanding the anatomical characteristics of mental foramen is crucial in surgical dentistry, particularly during osteotomy procedures to prevent neurological complications during implant surgery. This study aims to evaluate the position and depth of the mental foramen for optimal implant placement.

Keywords: implant, mental foramen, accessory foramen, eruption ,non-eruption tooth.

[1] Apinhasmit, W.; Methathrathip, D.; Chompoopong, S.; Sangvichien, S. Mental Foramen In Thais: An Anatomical Variation Related To Gender And Side. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 2006, 28, 529–533. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
[2] Sheikhi, M.; Kheir, M.K. Cbct Assessment Of Mental Foramen Position Relative To Anatomical Landmarks. Int. J. Dent. 2016, 2016, 5821048. [Google Scholar] [Crossref] [Green Version]
[3] Goyushov, S.; Tözüm, M.D.; Tözüm, T.F. Assessment Of Morphological And Anatomical Characteristics Of Mental Foramen Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 2018, 40, 1133–1139. [Google Scholar] [Crossref]
[4] Phillips Jl, Weller Rn, Kulild Jc. The Mental Foramen: Part I. Size, Orientation, And Positional Relationship To The Mandibular Second Premolar J Endod. 1990;16:221–3
[5] Smajilagić A, Dilberović F. Clinical And Anatomy Study Of The Human Mental Foramen Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2004:415–23

Abstract: Tooth displaced into peri oral space is a rare and serious complication while extraction. Such a case of 44y male was reported to our department. Tooth was lost while extraction of left lower back impacted tooth at a private dental clinic and was then referred to our department. Patient presented with pain and trismus. CT scan was advised to locate exact position of tooth. The investigation report suggested tooth was in submandibular space. Removal of a displaced tooth from these spaces were difficult due to poor visualization and limited accessibility intraorally. A thorough evaluation of all significant risk factors was performed in advance to prevent further complications. Then tooth was planned for retrieval under general anesthesia. Tooth was removed surgically through extraoral approach. Patient was managed postoperatively. Wound healing was uneventfully. Many of important steps, both presurgical and surgical were missing that lead to this complication.

Keywords: Mandibular third molar, tooth dislodgement, submandibular space.

[1] Solanki R, Khangwal M, Kumar D, Goel M. Retrieval Of Mandibular Third Molar Tooth Accidentally Displaced In Submandibular Space: Series Of Two Cases. Indian J Dent. 2016 Apr-Jun;7(2):105-8. Doi: 10.4103/0975-962x.184653. Pmid: 27433055; Pmcid: Pmc4934085.
[2] L. Aznar-Arasa, R. Figueiredo, And C. Gay-Escoda, "Iatrogenic Displacement Of Lower Third Molar Roots Into The Sublingual Space: Report Of 6 Cases," Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, Vol. 70, No. 2, Pp. E107–E115, 2012.
[3] Goldberg Mh, Nemarich An, Marco Wp. The Impacted Third Molar: Referral Patterns, Patient Compliance, And Surgical Requirements. J Am Dent Assoc. 1983;107:439–41.
[4] Mirlany Mendes Maciel Oliveira, Rodrigo Da Franca Acioly, Dennis Dinelly De Souza, Bruno Araújo Da Silva, Daniel Do Carmo Carvalho, "Third Molar Displacement Into Submandibular Space", Case Reports In Dentistry, Vol. 2019, Article Id 6137868, 3 Pages, 2019.
[5] Esen E, Aydogan Lb, Akçali Mc. Accidental Displacement Of An Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Into The Lateral Pharyngeal Space. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;58:96–7.

Abstract: Background: Alzheimer's disease, the predominant type of dementia, accounts for approximately 75% of cases, either as a standalone condition or in conjunction with other forms of pathology. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which belongs to the IL-1 cytokine family, is widely recognized as a prominent proinflammatory cytokine within the brain and is known to significantly contribute to the advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD). interleukin-6 (IL-6) has the potential to induce the activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to the subsequent release of a series of proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, including C-reactive protein.....

Keywords- Alzheimer's, Dementia, IL-1β, IL-1

[1] Liu, L., Groen, T. V., Kadish, I., Tollefsbo, T. O. Dna Methylation Impacts On Learning And Memory In Aging. Neurobiology Of Aging, 2009; 30, 549-60.
[2] Okano, H., Hirano, T., Balaban, E. Learning And Memory. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences 2000; 97, 12403-12404.
[3] Lindebooma, J., Weinstein, H. Neuropsychology Of Cognitive Ageing, Minimal Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, And Vascular Cognitive Impairment. European Journal Of Pharmacology 2004; 490, 83-86.
[4] Parle, M., Singh, N., Vasudevan, M. Regular Rehearsal Helps In Consolidation Of Long Term Memory. Journal Of Sports Science And Medicine 2006 ;5, 80-88.
[5] Nader, K., Scafe, G. E., Ledoux, J. E. The Labile Nature Of Consolidation Theory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2000;1, 216-219.

Abstract: Background : To compare and evaluate the dose distribution of post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) targeting the left chest wall using three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Materials and Methods: 30 patients were randomised for PMRT into 3DCRT (n=15) and VMAT (n=15). A total dose of 50 Gray in 25 fractions was administered to all patients. Planning target volume (PTV) parameters—Dnear-max (D2 ), Dnear-min (D98 ), Dmean , D95,homogeneity index (HI), and conformity index (CI) were compared. The mean doses of lung and heart, percentage volume of heart receiving 5 Gy (V5 ), 10 Gy (V10),20 Gy (V20 ),30Gy (V30) and 45 Gy (V45 ), Left ventricle maximum dose (Dmax) and mean dose ( D mean), Left coronary artery – volume , mean dose , maximum dose and 0.1cc dose, Right coronary artery - volume , mean dose , maximum dose and 0.1cc dose were compared from dose-volume histograms.....

Key Word: VMAT, Radiotherapy, post mastectomy, dosimetry.

[1] Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency For Research On Cancer. Available From:
Https://Gco.Iarc.Who.Int/Today, Accessed [28 June 2024].
[2] Feigenberg Sj, Mendenhall Np, Benda Rk, Et Al. Postmastectomy Radio Therapy: Patterns Of Recurrence And Long-Term Disease Control Using Electrons. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;56(3):716–25.
[3] National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Nccn Guidelines For Treatment Of Breast Cancer [Internet]. Fort Washington, Pa: National Comprehensive Cancer Network; C2024 [Cited 28 June 2024]. Available From: Https://Www.Nccn.Org/Professionals/ Physician_Gls/Default.Aspx.
[4] Darby Sc, Ewertz M, Mcgale P, Et Al. Risk Of Ischemic Heart Dis Ease In Women After Radiotherapy For Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(11):987–98.
[5] Muren Lp, Maurstad G, Hafslund R, Et Al. Cardiac And Pulmonary Doses And Complication Probabilities In Standard And Conformal Tangential Irra Diation In Conservative Management Of Breast Cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2002;62(2):173–83

Abstract: A middle-aged male patient with a medical history encompassing Cardiac Sarcoidosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, and hyperlipidemia was referred to our endocrinology clinic following a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Upon careful review of the patient's medication history, it was ascertained that he had recently ceased taking Amiodarone. Suspicions arose regarding Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Type 2 (AIT-2). Consequently, the patient commenced a regimen of 20mg prednisone and was scheduled for a follow-up appointment after one week. Subsequent laboratory results exhibited marked improvement, prompting the decision to persist with prednisone therapy and establish a schedule for regular monitoring of the patient's laboratory findings....

[1] Panchal Ar, Berg Km, Kudenchuk Pj, Et Al. 2018 American Heart Association Focused Update On Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support Use Of Antiarrhythmic Drugs During And Immediately After Cardiac Arrest: An Update To The American Heart Association Guidelines For Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation And Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2018;138(23):E74 0-E749.
[2] Siddoway La. Amiodarone: Guidelines For Use And Monitoring. Am Fam Physician. 2003;68(11):2189-2196.
[3] Harjai Kj, Licata Aa. Effects Of Amiodarone On Thyroid Function. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126(1):63-73.
[4] Albert Sg, Alves Le, Rose Ep. Thyroid Dysfunction During Chronic Amiodarone Therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;9(1):175-183
[5] Cohen-Lehman J, Dahl P, Danzi S, Klein I. Effects Of Amiodarone Therapy On Thyroid Function. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010;6(1):34-41.

Abstract: Background: Vascular dementia is a type of cognitive impairment that arises from pathological disorders that inflict damage upon the blood vessels in the brain or disrupt the normal circulation of blood and oxygen to the brain. Homocysteine can be metabolized to S-adenosyl homocysteine, which may exhibit neurotoxicity by inhibition of methylation reactions and thus monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism and protein and phospholipid methylation....

Key Word: Vascular dementia, homocysteine, LDL, HDL, Lipid profile.

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Abstract: La tuberculose est une maladie infectieuse à transmission interhumaine liée au bacille de koch (BK). Il s'agit encore d'un problème de santé publique majeur dans le monde malgré les nombreuses stratégies de lutte antituberculeuse (LAT) [1]. La tuberculose reste toujours une maladie d'actualité dans les pays en voie de développement et qui peut toujours revêtir des formes trompeuses et intéresser des localisations inhabituelles [2]. Au Maroc, La forme extra-pulmonaire représente 49 % de toute forme de tuberculose, dont l'atteinte de la paroi thoracique [3]. La tuberculose de la paroi thoracique est une affection très rare, représentant 1 à 5 % des atteintes musculo-squelettiques

[1] Les Moyens Diagnostiques De La Tuberculose Diagnostic Means For Tuberculosis H. Jabri, N. Lakhdar∗, W. El Khattabi, H. Afif Service Des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital 20-Aout, Casablanca, Maroc
[2] La Tuberculeuse De La Paroi Thoracique : Une Forme Exceptionnelle Du Mycobacterium Tuberculosis - 12/01/23. M. Gourti 1, ⁎, 2, M. Hachimi 1, 2, F. Ouchen 1, M. Makloul 1, E. Maidi 1, 2,1 Service De Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Régional Hassan Ii, Agadir, Maroc
[3] Lignes Directrices Nationale Pour Le Diagnostic Et La Prise En Charge De La Tuberculose Extra Pulmonaire, Programme National De Lutte Antituberculeuse, Service Des Maladies Respiratoires, Division Des Maladies Transmissibles, Direction De L'epidémiologie Et De La Lutte Contre Les Maladies. Août 2023
[4] Gayler Bw, Donner Mw. Radiographic Changes Of The Ribs. Amj Med Sci 1967 ;253 :586—619.
[5] Garcia S, Combalia A, Serra A, Segur Jm, Ramon R. Unusuallocations Of Osteoarticular Tuberculosis. Arch Orthop Traumasurg 1997; 116:321—3.

Abstract: Background: Occult breast cancer (OBC) presenting as axillary lymphadenopathy is a rare and diagnostically challenging condition, where metastatic disease is identified in the axillary lymph nodes without a detectable primary tumor in the breast. Case Presentation: We report the case of Fatema Begum, a 65-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with a huge, firm lump in her right axilla. Biopsy confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma, and mammography revealed no abnormalities in the breasts. Advanced imaging, including CT and MRI, was employed to further evaluate the extent of the disease.....

Key Word: Carcinoma, Occult Breast Cancer, Axilla, Axillary Lymphadenopathy

[1] Buchanan Cl, Morris Ea, Dorn Pl, Borgen Pi, Van Zee Kj. Utility Of Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Patients With Occult Primary Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol [Internet]. 2005 Dec 1 [Cited 2024 Jun 9];12(12):1045–53. Available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.1245/Aso.2005.03.520
[2] Brill Kl, Brenin Dr. Occult Breast Cancer And Axillary Mass. Curr Treat Options In Oncol [Internet]. 2001 Apr 1 [Cited 2024 Jun 9];2(2):149–55. Available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S11864-001-0057-X
[3] Fayanju Om, Jeffe Db, Margenthaler Ja. Occult Primary Breast Cancer At A Comprehensive Cancer Center. Journal Of Surgical Research [Internet]. 2013 Dec 1 [Cited 2024 Jun 9];185(2):684–9. Available From: Https://Www.Journalofsurgicalresearch.Com/Article/S0022-4804(13)00609-4/Abstract
[4] Foroudi F, Tiver Kw. Occult Breast Carcinoma Presenting As Axillary Metastases1. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics [Internet]. 2000 Apr 1 [Cited 2024 Jun 9];47(1):143–7. Available From: Https://Www.Redjournal.Org/Article/S0360-3016(99)00542-8/Abstract
[5] Crotch-Harvey M. Occult Breast Carcinoma Presenting With Axillary Lymphadenopathy. Breast Cancer Research [Internet]. 2011 Nov 4 [Cited 2024 Jun 9];13(1):P40. Available From: Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/Bcr2992

Abstract: The global pandemia of Omicron and the lastest Variants again puts all the scientific community in big problems.
Risk factors for COVID-19 include obesity, older age, underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, inadequate vaccination, and/or being immunocompromised.[1] Ederly living with immunocompromizing conditions including but not limited to active treatment for solid tumor and hematologic malignancies, solid organ transplant recipients, or people living with human immunodeficiency virus, even with appropriate vaccination, are at a greater risk for adverse outcomes from COVID-19 including hospitalization, time in the intensive care unit (ICU), and mechanical ventilation and Severe Side Effects.[2-3]

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Abstract: Root resorption of a permanent tooth is a pathological phenomenon that may appear internally within the tooth (internal resorption) or externally on the tooth's outer surface (external root resorption). This process can ultimately result in tooth mobility and premature tooth loss. External root resorption (ERR) is the result of damage or removal of the cementoblastic layer or other dental tissue on the surface of the root. Treatment options for ECRR include nonsurgical therapy, surgical treatment, or a combination of both. In the present case report, routine root canal treatment was performed followed by surgical management of ECR.

Keywords – External root resorption, surgical management, Heithersay's class III classification , Patel's 2Ap classification, MTA, Resorption defect , Bioceramics

[1]. Tooth resorption. Ne RF, Witherspoon DE, Gutmann JL. http://ntendo.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/article_18.pdf. Quintessence Int. 1999;30:9–25.
[2]. Clinical management of two root resorption cases in endodontic practice. Mincik J, Urban D, Timkova S. Case Rep Dent. 2016;2016:5.
[3]. Heithersay GS. Clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of invasive cervical resorption. Quintessence Int. 1999; 30(1): 27–37.
[4]. Patel S, Kanagasingam S, Ford TP. External cervical resorption: a review. Journal of endodontics. 2009 May 1;35(5):616-25.
[5]. Minimally invasive treatment of class 4 invasive cervical resorption with internal approach: a case series. Shemesh A, Itzhak JB, Solomonov M. Journal Endod. 2017;43:1901–1908..