iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2024

Abstract: Abstract: Viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) & Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)) related liver disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the patients with advanced renal failure who are treated with dialysis, and this is due to high number of blood transfusion sessions and/or cross contamination from the dialysis circuits. Aims & Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in patients with advanced renal failure (ARF).Materials &......

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Abstract: Background: Substance abuse among clinical medical students of University of Nigeria Nsukka is on the increase with a prevalence of 60%, this should be a cause for concern to the school management and administration. The impact of substance abuse which has negative effect on the physical, social, academical and all-round sphere of life is a problem in which measures have to be taken to tackle the root cause.
Objective: To determine the level of impact of substance abuse among clinical medical students of University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN).......

Keywords: Substance abuse, Clinical medical students, University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN).

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Abstract: Background: Hemithyroidectomy or lobectomy is widely used among the other modalities of thyroid surgery. Remaining thyroid tissue after hemithyroidectomy is thought to be sufficient enough to keep the patients in euthyroid status. Hypothyroidism is a common sequele of hemithyroidectomy. The incidence and risk factors for hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy remains unclear. As more patients undergo hemithyroidectomy in different indications, the chance of development of post hemithyroidectomy hypothyroidism is becoming a major concern. The......

Keywords: Hemithyroidectomy, Hypothyroidism, Risk factors

[1] Mullur, R., Liu, Y.Y. And Brent, G.A., 2014. Thyroid Hormone Regulation Of Metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 94(2), Pp.355-382.
[2] Ikbal, A., Anwar, M.M. And Ahmed, T.U., 2019. Hypothyroidism Following Hemithyroidectomy: A Study In A Tertiary Care Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh. International Journal Of Otorhinolaryngology And Head And Neck Surgery, 5(3), P.531.
[3] Ahn, D., Sohn, J.H. And Jeon, J.H., 2016. Hypothyroidism Following Hemithyroidectomy: Incidence, Risk Factors, And Clinical Characteristics. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 101(4), Pp.1429-1436.
[4] Chong, S.S., Hoh, S.Y. And Huang, S.M., 2019. Post-Hemithyroidectomy Hypothyroidism In Non Autoimmune Thyroiditis Patients: Incidence, Risk Factors And Duration Of Follow Up. Asian Journal Of Surgery, 42(11), Pp.957-962.
[5] Laurberg, P., Andersen, S., Bülow, Pedersen, I., & Carlé, A., 2005, 'Hypothyroidism In The Elderly: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis And Treatment', Drugs & Aging, Vol. 22, Pp.23-38.

Abstract: The abandonment of children is an extreme form of child neglect. Every child has the right to be cared for by the parents. As such when a child is abandoned this right is violated. Abandoned infants are at increased risk of failure to thrive, developmental delay, decline in IQ scores, severe psychological disturbance, nosocomial infection and child abuse. This study aimed to determine the demographic characteristics of abandoned neonate admitted in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of Usmanu Danfodiyo Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, the yearly trend and.......

Keywords: Newborn, abandonment, tertiary health facility, North-Western, Nigeria

[1] Arkadas-Thibert, A, Lansdown, G. (2022). Article 7:The Right To A Name, Nationality, And To Know And Be Cared For By Parents. In: Vaghri, Z, Zermatten, J, Lansdown, G, Ruggiero, R. (Eds) Monitoring State Compliance With The UN Convention On The Rights Of The Child. Children's Well-Being: Indicators And Research, Vol 25. Springer, Cham. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/978-3-030-84647-3
[2] Bilson A & Markova G. (2007). But You Should See Their Families: Preventing Child Abandonment And Promoting Social Inclusion In Countries In Transition. Soc Work And Soc Scien Rev, 12(3):57-78
[3] Browne, K, Jackson, V, Anaut, M, Daniunaite, J, Herczog, M, Keller-Hamela M Et Al. (2012). Child Abandonment And Its Prevention. Sci Annals Of The ''Alexandru Loan Cuza'' University, 5(2) Accessed At Https://Anale.Fssp.Uaic.Ro/Index.Php/Asas/Article/View/90
[4] Dachev, S, Simeonov, T, Hristova, T, Mihailova, S. Take Me Home Needs Evaluation Survey: Presentation For Save The Children. (2003). Bulgaria, Sofia..

Abstract: Introduction: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host while prebiotics are dietary fibre which helps in fermentation and finally results in the proliferation of bacteria. Few studies showed the predominance of one group of bacteria like Bacteroidaceae in dengue with warning signs along with deficiency of Bifidobacterium species, however, the dysbiotic relationship or predominance of either firmicutes or.......

Keywords: Dengue, Probiotics, Severity, Dysbiosis

[1] Breitbart M, Hewson I, Felts B, Mahaffy Jm, Nulton J, Salamon P, Rohwer F. Metagenomic Analyses Of An Uncultured Viral Community From Human Feces. J Bacteriol. 2003 Oct;185(20):6220-3. Doi: 10.1128/Jb.185.20.6220-6223.2003. Pmid: 14526037; Pmcid: Pmc225035.
[2] Schippa S, Conte Mp. Dysbiotic Events In Gut Microbiota: Impact On Human Health. Nutrients. 2014 Dec 11;6(12):5786-805. Doi: 10.3390/Nu6125786. Pmid: 25514560; Pmcid: Pmc4276999.
[3] Frank Dn, St Amand Al, Feldman Ra, Boedeker Ec, Harpaz N, Pace Nr. Molecular-Phylogenetic Characterization Of Microbial Community Imbalances In Human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 21;104(34):13780-5. Doi: 10.1073/Pnas.0706625104. Epub 2007 Aug 15. Pmid: 17699621; Pmcid: Pmc1959459.
[4] Moya A, Ferrer M. Functional Redundancy-Induced Stability Of Gut Microbiota Subjected To Disturbance. Trends Microbiol. 2016 May;24(5):402-413. Doi: 10.1016/J.Tim.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Mar 17. Pmid: 26996765.
[5] Floch Mh. Probiotics And Prebiotics. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2014 Oct;10(10):680-1. Pmid: 27540341; Pmcid: Pmc4988227.

Abstract: (1) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) involving the ovary is uncommon, constituting only about 1.5% of ovarian tumours. It can arise in two forms: Primary ovarian NHL (PONHL): This is a rare type (0.5% of NHL) where the lymphoma originates in the ovary itself. Secondary ovarian NHL: This is more frequent, occurring in 7% to 26% of disseminated lymphomas, where the ovary is affected by a systemic disease.......

Keywords: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovary, primary, secondary, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

[1] Kasper, Dennis L., Et Al., Eds. Harrison's Principles Of Internal Medicine. 20th Ed., Vol. 2, Mcgraw-Hill Education, 2020. This Comprehensive Medical Textbook Chapter On Lymphomas Discusses NHL Prognosis In Detail.
[2] Clinical Features And Prognostic Relevance Of Ovarian Involvement In Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Consortium For Improving Survival Of Lymphoma (CISL) Report. Blood - ASH Publications, Https://Www.Sciencedirect.Com/Science/Article/Pii/S1028455922000948 This Research Article Explores The Clinical Features And Prognosis Of Ovarian Involvement In NHL, Including Differentiation Between Primary And Secondary Forms.
[3] Ovarian Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Clinicopathologic Study Of Eight Primary Cases. Nature Journal,
Https://Www.Nature.Com/Subjects/Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma This Study Examines The Clinicopathological Features Of Primary Ovarian NHL Cases, Highlighting The Importance Of Biopsy For Diagnosis.
[4] Primary Ovarian Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Outcome After Treatment With Combination Chemotherapy. Pubmed Central, Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/9062148/ This Research Investigates The Outcomes Of Patients With Primary Ovarian NHL Treated With Combination Chemotherapy.
[5] National Cancer Institute: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version [Invalid URL Removed] This Patient Resource From The National Cancer Institute Provides A General Overview Of NHL Treatment And Prognosis

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the Mycobacterium species bacteria, involves primarily the pulmonary system. It can spread to or involve other parts of the body with or without lung involvement. The term Extra pulmonary TB (EPTB) is used when the disease manifests in parts of the body other than the lung parenchyma. When there is a simultaneous infection of the lung and other body regions, it is categorized as pulmonary TB. The common sites of EPTB include lymph nodes, central nervous system (CNS), genitourinary system, gastrointestinal system, bones, and joints. In rare cases, TB of the skin, and eye are also reported. This disease

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Abstract: Importance: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is becoming more prevalent now owing to increased survival of premature infants. It has come to greater light along with technological advances. ROP babies are at risk of developing myopia, squint, amblyopia or worse RD- Partial or complete. The treatment includes Lasers and Anti-VEGF which are quite costly for middle and lower socioeconomic population of India. Henceforth, nothing can surpass prevention and early diagnosis with appropriate management of these cases. Objective: To recognize causal correlation of Maternal Anemia as risk factor for ROP Study Design: Case control study......

[1] Vinodh K Paul Ra. Aiims Protocols In Neoanatology. Vol. 1. Cbs Publishers And Distributors;
[2] Singh M. Care Of The Newborn. 8th Ed. Vol. 1. Cbs Publishers And Distributors;
[3] Nina F Schor, Md,Phd Rmk Md. Nelson Textbook Of Pediatrics. 20th Ed. Vol. 3. Elsevier; 3888 P.
[4] John P Cloherty. Manual Of Neonatal Care. 7th Ed. Vol. 1. Lippincott Williams And Wilkins; 2012. 1024 P.
[5] Brad Bowling. Kanski's Clinical Opthalmology. 8th Ed. Vol. 1.

Abstract: Introduction: Paediatric Early Warning Scores (PEWS) are illness severity scores designed to identify children at risk of clinical deterioration to prioritize care from point of admission and during care. They are based on physiological measurements including heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), respiratory effort (RE), use of oxygen, oxygen saturation (SPO2), capillary refill time (CRT) and level of consciousness (LOC). Recently, a modified score, Response to illness Severity Quantification (RISQ) was designed for children with severe malnutrition (SAM) which......

Keywords: PEWS, RISQ, outcome, mortality, severe malnutrition, Sokoto

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Abstract: Pituitary is an uncommon site for metastatic spread. The clinical presentation varies, often being asymptomatic, but may include visual abnormalities, pituitary deficits, and/or diabetes insipidus. Management options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy/immunotherapy, hormone replacement therapy, or a conservative approach. Clinicians need to be vigilant about the various presentations of pituitary metastasis, given the improved survival rates of cancer patients. We present a case of a patient with breast cancer who developed pituitary metastasis..

Keywords: Pituitary metastasis, Breast cancer, Hypothalamic pituitary MRI, histology

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[5] Schubiger O, Haller D. Metastases To The Pituitary--Hypothalamic Axis. An Mr Study Of Symptomatic Patients. Neuroradiology. 1992; 34(2): 131-4. Doi: 10.1007/Bf00588159

Abstract: Acromegaly is a rare, chronic, and progressive disease characterized by excess secretion of growth hormone (GH) and elevated circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). It is predominantly caused by a pituitary adenoma. Clinical diagnosis is often delayed due to the insidious onset of symptoms related to GH excess. As a result, patients frequently present with established systemic complications, leading to increased morbidity and premature mortality. Measurement of serum IGF-1 is recommended as the initial screening test for suspected acromegaly......

Keywords: Acromegaly, somatotropic adenoma, hypothalamic-pituitary MRI, transsphenoidal surgery

[1] Beckers A, Aaltonen La, Daly Af, Karhu A. Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenomas (Fipa) And The Pituitary Adenoma Predisposition Due To Mutations In The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein (Aip) Gene. Endocr Rev. 2013 Apr; 34(2): 239–77.
[2] Trivellin G, Daly Af, Faucz Fr, Yuan B, Rostomyan L, Larco Do, Et Al. Gigantism And Acromegaly Due To Xq26 Microduplications And Gpr101 Mutation. N Engl J Med. 2014 Dec; 371(25): 2363–2374.
[3] Daly Af, Castermans E, Oudijk L, Guitelman Ma, Beckers P, Potorac I, Et Al. Pheochromocytomas And Pituitary Adenomas In Three Patients With Max Exon Deletions. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2018 May; 25(5): L37–L42
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