iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2024

Abstract: Background: Dental implant placement in the posterior maxillary region is often complicated by poor bone quality and quantity, particularly in cases of a compromised residual ridge. The inherent challenges associated with inadequate bone availability significantly impact treatment outcomes and long-term success. Innovative techniques such as osseodensification and expanders have been introduced precisely to address these limitations. Osseodensification aims to densify the bone during implant site preparation, improving its quality and enhancing primary stability. This process is particularly beneficial in cases of poor bone quality, where traditional methods may struggle......

Key Word: Osseodensification, Expanders, Delayed Implant

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Abstract: Endodontic surgery, crucial for salvaging teeth that cannot be effectively treated through conventional methods, presents a variety of challenges that can impact its success. This review consolidates common pitfalls encountered during endodontic surgical procedures, identifying their root causes and offering corrective strategies to mitigate these issues. Major obstacles involve inadequate diagnosis and treatment strategy, struggles with......

Keywords: Endodontic Surgery, Root Canal System Complexity, Root-End Fillings, Technical Errors, Instrumentation Problems, Sealing Failures, Infection Control, Sterilization, Postoperative Infections, Oral Hygiene, Systemic Health Conditions, Patient Compliance, Material Biocompatibility, Operator Experience, Skill Level, Healing Complication

[1] Lin Lm, Skribner Je, Gaengler P. Factors Associated With Endodontic Treatment Failures. J Endod. 1992; 18:625–7.
[2] Kim S, Pecora G, Rubinstein R. Comparison Of Traditional And Microsurgery In Endodontics. In: Kim S, Pecora G, Rubinstein R, Eds. Color Atlas Of Microsurgery In Endodontics. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2001:5–11.
[3] Endo Ms, Ferraz Cc, Zaia Aa, Almeida Jf, Gomes Bp. Quantitative And Qualitative Analysis Of Microorganisms In Root-Filled Teeth With Persistent Infection: Monitoring Of The Endodontic Retreatment. Eur J Dent. 2013; 7:302–9[4]
Gilheany Pa, Figdor D, Tyas Mj. Apical Dentin Permeability And Micro Leakage Associated With Root End Resection And Retrograde Filling. J Endod. 1994; 20:22– 6.
[5] Lin Lm, Pascon Ea, Skribner J, Gängler P, Langeland K. Clinical, Radiographic, And Histologic Study Of Endodontic Treatment Failures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991; 71:603–11.

Abstract: Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in infertile women characterized by both reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions of varying degrees. A possible association of serum homocysteine (Hcy) with insulin resistance in women with PCOS may be helpful to utilize these parameters for better management of PCOS and for the early diagnosis of subclinical inflammation and atherosclerosis in the asymptomatic individual. Aim of this study is to evaluate the association of serum homocysteine (Hcy) with insulin resistance in women with PCOS.......

Key Word: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Homocysteine, Insulin resistance, Cardiovascular diseases

[1]. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES. and Yildiz BO. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2004;89(6):2745-2749.
[2]. Goodarzi MO, Dumesic DA, Chazenbalk G and Azziz R. Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis. Nature Reviews Endocrinology.2011; 7(4): 219-231.
[3]. Gill H, Tiwari P and Dabadghao P. (2012) Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in young women from North India: A Community-based study. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Eetabolism.2012; 16(Suppl 2): S389.
[4]. Humphrey LL, Fu R, Rogers K, Freeman M. and Helfand, M. Homocysteine level and coronary heart disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings.2008; 83(11): 1203-1212.
[5]. Dunaif A and Finegood DT. Beta-cell dysfunction independent of obesity and glucose intolerance in the polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.1996; 81(3):942-947.

Abstract: Cystoid macular edema (CME) is the important postoperative complication of cataract surgery, which can compromise the result of a cataract surgery. It can occur even after uneventful cataract surgery, but the incidence rapidly increase after complicated cataract surgery. Purpose: To study incidence of Cystoid Macular Edema after cataract surgery in a tertiary care Hospital of Rajasthan, India. Methods: A total of 100 eyes of 100 patients, aged from 35 to 80 years were enrolled in the study after taking informed consent. Patients with normal clinical profile with no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or any ocular trauma or infection/ inflammation were included in this study.......

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Abstract: While cholesteatoma occurs frequently in the middle ear, external ear canal cholesteatoma (EECC) is a rare entity, which is often misdiagnosed. It is defined as an accumulation of epithelial debris in the ear canal associated to bony erosion. It is divided into primary or spontaneous, and secondary EECCs. The main symptoms are otorrhea, otalgia and hearing loss. Imaging is necessary to confirm diagnosis and to evaluate the disease extension. We report a case of 45-year-old female patient with a history of bilateral stapedectomy for bilateral otosclerosis. After being involved in a traffic accident, she presented hearing loss and tinnitus.......

Keywords: External ear canal cholesteatoma, hearing loss, stapes surgery, canaloplasty, piston prothesis dislocation.

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Abstract: Introduction: Antibiotic treatment of unselected patients with acute appendicitis is safe and effective. However, it is unknown to what extent early provision of antibiotic treatment may represent overtreatment due to spontaneous healing of appendix inflammation. Objective: This study aims to anticipate the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in treating critical appendicitis. Methods: This retrospective analysis includes patients with acute appendicitis treated in the Department of Surgery, in various hospitals in Cumilla. The study took place between January 2022 and June 2023. Patients were classified into two groups, the antibiotic group and the control group based on computed tomography (CT) findings on the first visit, and the treatment course was subsequently compared.......

Keywords: Appendicitis, Laparoscopy, Early antibiotic, Traditional treatment, Acute Appendicitis.

[1] Hansson J, Korner U, Khorram-Manesh A, Solberg A, Lundholm K. Randomized Clinical Trial Of Antibiotic Therapy Versus Appendicectomy As Primary Treatment Of Acute Appendicitis In Unselected Patients. Br J Surg. 2009;96:473e481.
[2] Hansson J, Korner U, Ludwigs K, Johnsson E, Jonsson C, Lundholm K. Antibiotics As First-Line Therapy For Acute Appendicitis: Evidence For A Change In Clinical Practice. World J Surg. 2012;36:2028e2036.
[3] Di Saverio S, Sartelli M, Catena F, Birindelli A, Tugnoli G. Renewed Interest In Acute Appendicitis: Are Antibiotics Non-Inferior To Surgery Or Possibly Clinically
[4] Superior? What Is Long-Term Follow-Up And Natural Evolution Of Appendicitis Treated Conservatively With "Antibiotics First". Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2016;17: 376e377.
[5] El Nakeeb A, Emile SH, Abdelmawla A, Et Al. Presentation And Outcomes Of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From The Middle East: A Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2022;37:777e789.

Abstract: In recent years biomedical waste has become a global problem. Hospitals, health clinics, nursing homes, medical research laboratories, offices of physicians, dentists, and veterinarians, home health care, and funeral homes are among the facilities that frequently produce biomedical waste. To safeguard the general public, particularly healthcare and sanitation personnel who frequently handle biomedical waste as part of their jobs, it needs to be appropriately managed. The biomedical waste generated in the laboratory of oral pathology and microbiology include a variety of items, including human tissues, different bodily fluids, culture medium, chemicals, lab slides, eyewear, scalpels, blades, and needles. They are segregated according to colour code. The aim of this review is to sensitize and increase awareness among oral pathologists as well as the technical staff working in the oral histopathology laboratories about various biomedical waste products and their management.

Keywords: Biomedical waste, oral pathology laboratory, colour code.

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Abstract: Background Torque in orthodontics is a critical biomechanical factor that influences the positioning and angulation of teeth within the dental arch. This rotational force, applied through various orthodontic appliances, plays a vital role in achieving accurate tooth alignment and optimal occlusion. The application of torque involves both the angulation of the roots and the corresponding adjustments in the brackets and archwires to ensure that teeth move into their desired positions while maintaining functional harmony. This article reviews the principles of torque, including its definition, application techniques, and clinical significance......

Keywords: Orthodontics; torque, buccolingual inclination, esthetics

[1] Rauch Ed. Torque And Its Application To Orthodontics. American Journal Of Orthodontics. 1959 Nov 1;45(11):817-30.
[2] Holdaway, R. A.: Changes In Relationship Of Points A And B, Am. J. Orthodontics 42: 176-193, 1956
[3] Zachrisson Bu. Making The Premolar Extraction Smile Full And Radiant. World J Orthod. 2002;3:260-5
[4] Thicket E, Taylor Ng, Hodge T. Choosing A Pre-Adjusted Orthodontic Appliance Prescription For Anterior Teeth. J Orthod. 2007;34:95-100
[5] Thurow Rc. Edgewise Orthodontics. 4th Ed. St Louis, Mo: Cv Mosby Co; 1982. P39

Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the safety and performance of the Extra Long Introducer Sheath in a clinically relevant swine model. Two female swine were used in the study, with all animals passing the initial physical examination. The Sheath was deployed in the pulmonary artery, supported by three extra-stiff guide wires for a clinically relevant duration. Additional procedures included testing the trackability of the sheath and the inflation and deflation of the balloon dilatation catheter and navigator transcatheter heart valve delivery system. Simulations involved sequential removal of guide wires to assess the sheath's performance. Angiographic imaging confirmed prominent visualization and patency......

Keywords: Extra Long Introducer Sheath, Swine Model, Safety Evaluation, Thromboresistance, Pulmonary Artery, Endovascular Devices, Vascular Access, Medical Device Evaluation.

[1] Organization For Economic Co-Operation And Development - Principles Of Glp And Compliance Monitoring (As Revised In 1997) Env/Mc/Chem (98) 17.
[2] Cfr - Code Of Federal Regulations Title 21- Part 58: Good Laboratory Practice For Nonclinical Laboratory Studies (21 Cfr 58).
[3] Cpcsea Guidelines For Laboratory Animal Facility. Indian Journal Of Pharmacology. 2003; 35: 257-274.
[4] Biological Evaluation Of Medical Devices - Part 4: Selection Of Tests For Interaction With Blood. Iso 10993-4:2017.

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections cause global health threats and challenges. People with chronic HBV and/or HCV infection remain infectious to others and are at risk of serious liver disease such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) later in life. There are several known high-risk groups for acquiring HBV or HCV infection, these include people who require blood or blood products, people.....

Keywords: Knowledge, Practice, HBV, HCV, Students, Tertiary institution

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