iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2015

Abstract: Prospective study of twenty-four patients who underwent revision total hip replacement in Sri Ramachandra medical centre. The study period was from June 2010 to Dec 2014. The inclusion criteria were Revision total hip replacements done following primary total hip replacement both cemented and uncemented, aseptic loosening, infections (including staged revisions), instability and implant failure. The exclusion criteria were revision total hip replacements done for failed internal fixation around the hip and bipolar arthroplasty. The mean pre op Harris hip score was 38.6 while mean post op Harris hip score was 83. The difference between mean pre op and post op Harris hip score was 44.4. In our series as per Harris hip score criteria we had 50% good result..

[1]. Memtsoudis SG, Besculides MC, Gaber L, Liu S, González Della Valle A.Risk factors for pulmonary embolism after hip and knee arthroplasty: a population-based study. Int Orthop. 2009 Dec; 33(6): 1739-45. [2]. G. Ram, B. Thamodaran, T. Ashok, S. Perumal and V. Varthi, "Analysis of Functional and Radiological Outcome of Total Hip Replacements in Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritis Patients. Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases. Vol. 3 No. 4, 2013, pp. 246-250.

[3]. Andrew L. Whaley, Daniel J, Scott Harmsen. Extra-Large Uncemented Hemispherical Acetabular Components for Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty.J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2001 Sep; 83 (9): 1352 -1357.

[4]. Brooker, J, Bowerman, Robinson, Riley Jr. Ectopic ossification following total hip replacement. Incidence and a Method of Classification. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, Vol. 55, No. 8, 1973, pp. 1629-1632.
[5]. Amstutz HC, Ma SM, Jinnah RH, Mai L. Revision of aseptic loose total hip arthroplasties. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982 Oct;(170): 21-33.

Abstract: Background: To study the angiographic profile of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME in smokers versus non smokers and to analyse with respect to baseline characteristics, Method: Patients with first episode of ACS (Unstable Angina with ECG changes, NSTEMI,STEMI) 2. Different types of ACS were diagnosed according to ECG criteria and Troponin T positivity . Smoking history in the form of -tobacco chewing / khaini / beedi / tambaku / cigars was included. Results: Acute myocardial infarction STEMI+NSTEMI) was the most common presentation in both smokers and non smokers But Acute STEMI ,as the initial presentation, was often encountered in smokers .Unstable angina was often encountered as initial presentation in Non smokers s. Single vessel disease was the most common CAG diagnosis in both groups.

[1]. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality By Cause For Eight Regions Of The World: Global Burden Of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1269-76.
[2]. Ockene IS, Miller NH. Cigarette Smoking, Cardiovascular Disease, And Stroke: A Statement For Healthcare Professionals. Am Heart J. Circulation 1997;96:3243-7.
[3]. He J, Ogden LG, Bazzano LA, Vupputuri S, Loria C, Whelton PK. Risk Factors For Congestive Heart Failure In US Men And Women: NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study Arch Intern Med 2001;161:996-1002.
[4]. Muscat JE, Harris RE, Haley NJ, Wynder EL. Cigarette Smoking And Plasma Cholesterol. Am Heart J 1991;121:141-7.
[5]. Hung J, Lam JY, Lacoste L, Letchacovski G. Cigarette Smoking Acutely Increases Platelet ,Thrombus Formation In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Taking Aspirin. Circulation 1995;92:2432-6.
[6]. Campisi R, Czernin J, Schöder H, Sayre JW, Marengo FD, Phelps ME, et al. Effects Of Long- Term Smoking On Myocardial Blood Flow, Coronary Vasomotion,And Vasodilator Capacity. Circulation 1998;98:119-25.
[7]. Fusegawa Y, Goto S, Handa S, Kawada T, Ando Y. Platelet Spontaneous Aggregation In Platelet- Rich Plasma Is Increased In Habitual Smokers. Thromb Res1999;93:271-8.

Abstract: Aim of the study: This experimental study was carried out to compare the behavior of ball bearing brackets with the unmodified brackets not containing ball bearing regarding the friction between the bracket and the orthodontic wire. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of 60 brackets 10 unmodified four wing brackets 10 modified four wing brackets. 10 unmodified Six wing brackets.10 modified Six wing brackets.10 unmodified passive self- ligating brackets. 10 modified passive self- ligating brackets. The details of bracket modification are still patent pending. The brackets were tested with 0.019 X 0.025 inch and 0.016 x 0.022 inch straight stainless steel wire. Static friction was measured.

[1] Guerrero A. , Filho O., Tanaka O., Camargo E., Vieira A, Evaluation of frictional forces between ceramic brackets and arch wires of different alloys compared with metal brackets, Braz Oral Res. 2010;24(1):40-45.
[2] Reznikov N, Har-Zion G, Barkana I, Abed Y, Redlich M, Influence of Friction Resistance on Expression of Superelastic Properties of Initial NiTi Wires in "Reduced Friction" and Conventional Bracket Systems, J Dent Biomech. 2010; 61:31-42.
[3] Braun S., Bluestein M., Moore B., Benson G, Friction in perspective, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;115:619-627.
[4] Budd S., Daskalogiannakis J., Tompson B, A study of the frictional characteristics of four commercially available self-ligating bracket systems, Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:645-653.

Abstract: Aim - To evaluate the effects of different desensitizing dentifrices on dentinal tubule occlusion by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods and Materials - Thirty dentine blocks were prepared and divided into three groups of ten specimens each. The groups corresponded to the following treatments: Arginine, Strontium chloride, and Novamin. The toothpaste was applied twice a day for fourteen days. The dentinal tubule occlusion was assessed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), at baseline i.e. before application of the toothpaste, at seven, and fourteen-day application, respectively.

[1]. Dowell P, Addy M. Dentine hypersensitivity – a review, aetiology, symptoms and theories of pain production. J Clin Periodontol 1983: 10: 341–350.
[2]. Iwrin CR, McCusker P. Prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity in general population. J Irish Dent Ass 1997: 43: 7–9.
[3]. Rees JS. The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity in general practice in the UK. J Clin Periodontol 2000: 27: 860–865.
[4]. Graf HE, Galasse R. Morbidity, prevalence and intra-oral distribution of hypersensitive teeth. J Dent Res (Special issue A) 1977: 56: Abstract Number 479.
[5]. Brannstrom M, Linden LA, Johnson G. Movement of dentinal and pulpal fluid caused by clinical procedures. J Dent Res 1968; 47:679–682.
[6]. Wara-Aswapati N, Krongnawakul D, Jiraviboon D, Adulyanon S, Karimbux N, Pitiphat W. The effect of a new toothpaste containing potassium nitrate and triclosan on gingival health, plaque formation and dentine hypersensitivity. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 53–58.

Abstract: Oxytocin (OT) is well known for its role in reproduction. However, evidence has emerged suggesting a role in cardiovascular system but less is known about the role of this hormone in the injured heart. We elucidate oxytocin cardioprotective effects against myocardial infarction (MI). Male rats were divided into six groups: control without surgery, sham without occlusion, MI, OT pretreated then MI, combined OT and L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor) then MI and combined OT and indomethacin (cyclooxygenase blocker) then MI. Twenty-four hours post-MI induction, hemodynamics parameters, inflammation markers, oxidative stress markers, apoptotic gene expression, brain naturitic peptide (BNP), and histopathological assessment were carried out. When compared to MI model group, OT significantly reduced LVEDP and increased LVSP and ± dP/dt.Also, it significantly decreased serum levels of BNP, TNF-α, IL-6, and TBARS with an increase in the activities of SOD and GPx. Furthermore, BAX and p53 mRNA were decreased.

[1]. Fox CS, Coady S, Sorlie PD,D'AgostinoRB, Pencina MJ,Vasan RS,Meigs JB,Levy D, and Peter JS, Increasing cardiovascular disease burden due to diabetes mellitus: the Framingham Heart Study, Circulation, 115, 2007, 1544-50.
[2]. Giordano FJ, Oxygen, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and heart failure. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 2005, 500-508.
[3]. Abbate A, Bonanno E, Mauriello A, Bussani R, Biondi-Zoccai GG, Liuzzo G, Silvestri F, Dobrina A, Baldi F, Pandolfi F, Biasucci LM, Baldi A, Spagnoli LG and Crea F, Widespread myocardial inflammation and infarct-related artery patency, Circulation, 110, 2004, 46–50.
[4]. Nian M, Lee P, Khaper N, and Liu P, Inflammatory cytokines and postmyocardial infarction remodeling, Circ. Res. 94, 2004, 1543–1553.
[5]. Zimmermann O, Bienek-Ziolkowski M, Wolf B, Vetter M, Baur R, Mailander V, Hombach V, and Torzewski J, Myocardial inflammation and non-ischaemic heart failure: is there a role for C-reactive protein? Basic Res. Cardiol. 104, 2009, 591–599.

Abstract: Background: The tobacco epidemic is expanding, especially in less developed countries. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) India 2009-10, revealed that more than one-third of adults in India as well as West Bengal is addicted to tobacco in its various forms. Though many studies have been carried out in our country on prevalence of tobacco use and its different correlates, but very few of them have applied Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique, which has a great potential for monitoring or assessing health programs and health conditions.

[1]. International Institute for Population Sciences, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Global Adult Tobacco Survey India (GATS India), 2009-10. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; 2010. Available from:http://mohfw.nic.in/WriteReadData/l892s/1455618937GATS%20India.pdf [Last accessed on 2015 Aug 10].
[2]. World Health Organization. Tobacco, Fact sheet No339 [Internet]. World Health Organization 2015[updated 2015 Jul]; Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en/ [Last accessed on 2015 Aug 16].
[3]. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2013 [Internet]. World Health Organization 2013.202. WHO/NMH/PND/13.2; Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2013/en/ [Last accessed on 2015 Aug 09].
[4]. John RM, Sung HY, Max W. Economic cost of tobacco use in India, 2004.Tob Control. 2009; 18(2):138-143. doi:10.1136/tc.2008.027466. [Last accessed on 2015 Aug 18].
[5]. World Health Organization. The tobacco atlas (first edition, 2002) [Internet]. World Health Organization 2002; Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/resources/publications/tobacco_atlas/en/ [Last accessed on 2015 Aug 09].

Abstract: Objective(s): Evaluate the effect of topical antiglaucoma drugs on tear film and determine the time taken to develop symptoms and or signs of dry eye in diagnosed open angle glaucoma patients by Schirmer's test I, Schirmer's test II, Tear film break up time. Method(s): This prospective study was carried out in 60 patients attending Ophthalmology outdoor with newly diagnosed patients of primary open angle glaucoma by using Schirmer's test I, Schirmer's test II, Tear film break up time.These 60 cases were divided into 2 groups:- Group I: 30 cases were given 0.5% timolol drops twice a day and Group II: 30 cases were given 0.005% latanoprost drops once a day. Result(s): The tear film changes were greater in patients treated with timolol than with latanoprost. There were 11(36.7%) patients in timolol group and 3(10%) patients in latanoprost group which had developed dry eye at the end of the study period.

[1]. Van Buskrirk EM, Cioffi GA. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy. American Journal of ophthalmology 1992; 113(4):447.
[2]. Hitchings RA, Spaeth GL. The optic disc in glaucoma. I: Classification. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1976; 60(11):778-85.
[3]. Mikelberg FS, Drance SM. The mode of progression of visual field defects in glaucoma. American Journal of ophthalmology 1984; 98(4):443.
[4]. Kitazawa Y, Yamamoto T. Glaucomatous visual field defects: their characteristics and how to detect them. Clin Neurosci 1997; 4:279.
[5]. Heijl A, Leske MC, Bengtsson B, Hyman L. Reduction of intraocular pressure and glaucoma progression: results from the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial. Archives of Ophthalmology 2002; 120(10):1268-79.
[6]. Leske MC, Podgor MJ. Intraocular pressure, cardiovascular risk variables, and visual field defects. American Journal of Epidemiology 1983; 118(2):280-7.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Abdominal wound dehiscence is a very serious post operative complication associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study is conducted in 36 patients admitted in Sri Venkateswara Ramnarain Ruia Government General Hospital, attached to Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati, who have developed postoperative abdominal wound Dehiscence. The Aim of this study is to :1. To identify the risk factors involved in causing abdominal wound dehiscence. 2. To identify the disease involved in causing abdominal wound dehiscence. 3. To study incidence of wound dehiscence in elective and emergency operations and also incidence based on type of operation. 4. To suggest preventive measures for wound dehiscence.

[1]. Savage A, Lamont M. Wound dehiscence, incisional hernia and parastomal hernia. In: Morris PJ, Wood WC, edts., Oxford text book of surgery. 2nd edn. Alison Langton; 2000;1:p.1883.
[2]. Spiliotis J, Konstantino S, Tsiveriotis, Datsis AD, Archodaula, Georgios et al. Wound Dehiscence. World Journal of Emergency surgery 2009;4:12.
[3]. Garg Ramaneesh, shah Sheerin, Singh Surinder, Singh Bir, A prospective Study of Predictors for Post Laparotomy Abdominal Wound Dehiscence. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014 Jan, Vol-8(1): 80-83.
[4]. Rodriguez-Hermosa JI, Codina-Cajadar A, Ruiz B, Roig J, Cjirones S, Pujadas Met al. Risk factors for wound dehiscence of laparotomy in adults. Cir Esp 2005May;77(5):280-6.
[5]. Granam DJ, Stevenson JT, Mettenry CR. Association of intraabdominal infections and abdominal wound dehiscence. Am Surg 1998 qJul;64(7):660-5.

Abstract: Background: AIDS was first recognized in the United States in the summer of 1981. In 1983 HIV was isolated from a patient with lymphadenopathy and by 1984, it was demonstrated clearly to be the causative agent of AIDS. Clinically significant hematologic abnormalities are common in persons with HIV infection. Impaired hematopoiesis, immune-mediated cytopenias, and altered coagulation mechanisms have all been described in HIV-infected individuals. These abnormalities may occur as a result of HIV infection itself, as sequelae of HIV-related opportunistic infections or malignancies, or as a consequence of therapies used for HIV infection and associated conditions. Bone marrow abnormalities are found at all stages of HIV disease, increasing in frequency as the disease progresses.

[1]. Frontiera M, Myers AM. Peripheral blood and bone marrow abnormalities in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. West J Med .1987 Aug; 147:157-160 [2]. Coyle TE. Hematologic complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.J Med Clin North Am. 1997 Mar;81(2):449-70 [3]. Elianete B.et al. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2001;77(6):503-511 [4]. Northfelt DW. Hematologic Manifestations of HIV.HIV InSite Knowledge Base Chapter .February 1998. [5]. Janco R.L.Hematologic aspects of AIDS .In; Lee GR,Foerter J,Lukens J,Paraskewas F,Greer JP,Rodgers GM, Editors.Wintrobe's clinical hematology; 10thed; Baltimore, Maryland; Williams & wilkins; 1998; pg1956-1963. [6]. Kuritzkes DR. Neutropenia, neutrophil dysfunction, and bacterial infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease: the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Feb; 30(2) :256-260. [7]. Sullivan P.S.et al.Epidemiology of Anemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Persons: Results From the Multistate Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Surveillance Project. Blood. (January 1), 1998; Vol 91, No 1: pp 301-308

Abstract: Vesicouterine fistula is the least common of the fistulae involving genitourinary tract. Most common cause being iatrogenic secondary to injury during gynaecologic surgeries like caesarean section, various other causes have been documented. Though rarely reported in the literature previously there has been an increase in the incidence recently secondary to increasing number of caesarean sections. Presentation may be early or delayed and there is still controversy regarding the ideal time of repair. Here we report a case of vesicouterine fistula presenting in the immediate postoperative period following a caesarean section which was managed by an early surgical repair.

[1] Porcaro AB et al. Vesicouterine fistulas following cesarean section: report on a case, review and update of the literature. Int Urol Nephrol. 2002;34:335–44.

[2] Jozwik M, Jozwik M, Lotocki W. Vesicouterine fistula--an analysis of 24 cases from Poland. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1998;57:169–72.

[3] DiMarco CS et al. Vesicouterine fistula: a review of eight cases. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2006;17:395–9.

[4] Sefrioui O et al. Vesico-uterine fistula of obstetrical origin. Report of 3 cases [article in French] Ann Urol (Paris) 2002; 36:376–80.

[5] Hadzi-Djokic JB, Pejcic TP, Colovic VC. Vesico-uterine fistula: report of 14 cases. BJU Int.2007; 100:1361–3.

[6] Al Nuaim LA, Kattan S, Mustafa MS. Vesicouterine fistula after a previous low vertical cesarean section (DeLee incision) Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1996;55:161–2

Abstract: Background: The efficacy of conventional treatment with surgery and radiation for cancer of the esophagus is limited. The median survival is less than 10 months, and less than 10 percent of patients survive for 5 years. Recent studies have suggested that combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy may result in improved survival. Aim: Concurrent chemo radiation in carcinoma of esophagus with 50.4 Gy of 28 fractions 180 cGy / fraction, 5 fractions / week with concurrent chemotherapy with Inj.Cisplatin and Inj. 5 FU total 2 cycles with a gap of 3 weeks duration in 15 patients compared with who received 66 Gy and kept on follow-up from our institution with similar tumor patient.

[1]. Cancer principles & practice of oncology by Vincent T Devita, 8th Ed. : 1023
[2]. Basic Radiation Oncology – Murat Beyzadeoglu, Chapter 10 : 463
[3]. Text book of Radiotherapy – Fletchers : 701
[4]. Radiation treatment planning – Fiaz & Khan, Chapter 14 : 338
[5]. Ne Waishy G. Read G. Duncan W. et al – results of radical radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus Clin. Radial 1982;33: 347

Abstract: To present a case in which clinical and radiographic signs of healing were obtained after apical plugging of an immature open apex with MTA. Case: A discolored tooth was subjected to radiographic examination revealing an open apex and a periapical radioluscency. The canal was cleaned using intracanal instruments and 5.25% of NaOCl irrigation. To obtain canal disinfection, slurry of calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile saline was temporized in the canal. The patient was asked to return after two weeks for the MTA apical plug placement.

[1]. Sheehy EC, Roberts GJ(1997). Use of calcium hydroxide for apical barrier formation and healing in non-vital immature permanent
teeth: a review. Br Dent J. 1997 Oct 11;183(7):241-6
[2]. Rafter M(2005)Apexification:a review. Dental Traumatology21.1-8
[3]. Stephen Cohen, Kenneth M. Hargreaves .Pathways of the pulp,St Louis,Missouri, Mosby 2006, 622
[4]. Andreasen Joet al(2002), Long-term calcium hydroxide as a root cannal dressing may increase the risk of root fracture. Dent
Traumatol 2002 Jun;18(3):134-7
[5]. Brett Rosenbergetet et al(2007) The effect of calcium hydroxide root filling on dentin fracture strength. DentalTraumatology 23 (1)
, 26–29

Abstract: Intra-abdominal infection can be caused by various sources. Primary peritonitis or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is an ascetic infection. Peritonitis has been categorized as primary, secondary, tertiary or in patients with continuous dialysis. Frequent symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and fever, abdominal pain with altered mental status in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with symptoms of ascites should undergo paracentesis to confirm SBP.Frequently isolated bacterial pathogens include gut flora, coagulase negative staphylococci, and nosocomial multidrug resistant organisms in tertiary peritonitis. Cefotaxime 2 g intravenously every eight hours produce excellent ascetic fluid levels, with supported measures to correct electrolyte imbalance.

[1]. Such J,RunyonBA.Spotaneous bacterial peritonitis.Clin InfectDis.1998;27:669.
[2]. McClean KJ. ShehanGJ,HardlingGKM.Intra-abdominal infection: a review.Clin InfectDis.1994;19:100-16.
[3]. NathensAB,Rotstein 0D.Marshal JC.Tertiaryperitonitis:clinical features of a complex nosocomial infection. World J Surg.1998;22:158-63.
[4]. Prichard JA,AdamsRH.The fate of blood in the peritoneal cavity.SurgGynecolObstet.1957;105:621-29.
[5]. Conn H0,Fessel JM, Spontaneous peritonitis in cirrhosis variations on a theme. Medicine(Baltimore).1971;50:161097.
[6]. ChinnockB,HendeyGW,MinniganH,etal.Clinical impression and ascites appearance do not rule out bacterial peritonitis.JEmerg Med.2013;44-903.

Abstract: Introduction: The pain of childbirth has been documented to be extreme. A lot of controversy has existed since the inception of pain relief in labour to date. According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), maternal request represents sufficient justification for pain relief . Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the department of obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department, D.Y Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai from Jan 2014 to March 2014. Sample size is calculated according to formula 4pq/d2 where p=proportion of people with awareness; q=100-p; d=absolute precision (available error) which is 5%. In a previous study proportion of people with awareness is 20%. By calculating the values the sample size is 256...............

Key Words: labour analgesia, American Society of Anesthesiologists, analgesia

[1]. Kuti O, Faponle AF, Adeyemi AB, Owolabi AT. Pain Relief in labour: A randomized controlled trial comparing pentazocine with Tramadol. NJOG. 2008;3:14–8.
[2]. O, Aimakhu CO, Udoh ES. Attitudes of patients to obstetric analgesia at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;23:38–40.
[3]. Audu B, Yahaya U, Bukari M, El-Nafaty A, Abdullahi H, Kyari O. Desire for pain relief in labour in Northeastern Nigeria. J Publ Health Epidemiol. 2009;1:053–7.
[4]. Barakzai A, Haider G, Yousuf F, Haider A, Muhammad N. Awareness of women regarding analgesia during labour. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2010;22.
[5]. Mugambe JM, Nel M, Hiemstra LA, Steinberg WJ. Knowledge of and attitude towards pain relief during labour of women attending the antenatal clinic of Cecilia Makiwane Hospital South Africa. SA Fam Pract. 2007;49:16.