iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2015

Abstract: Accessory spleen is a congenital failure of fusion of splenicules usually found close to the splenic hilum or in the greater omentum or tail of the pancreas. Though mostly asymptomatic, these could confuse the diagnosis of certain tumors and also be the cause of relapse post splenectomy. The aim of this article is to present a case of accessory spleen found during the dissection and discuss the various diagnostic procedures, clinical implications and focus on splenosis.

Key words: accessory spleen, splenosis, dorsal mesogastrium

[1]. J. M. Emmett, MD, and M. L. Dreyfuss, M.D. accessory spleen in the scrotum review of literature on ectopic spleens and their associated surgical significance. Annals of Surgery, May, 1943, vol.117, 5
[2]. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Splenunculi. Available at http://radiopaedia.org/articles/splenunculi
[3]. Mark George*, Tobias Evans and Andreas L. Lambrianides) JSCR 2012;11(2 pages, JSCR doi:10.1093/jscr/rjs004
[4]. Georgescu SO1, Dubei L, Cârdeiu C, Anton R. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2008 Mar-Apr;103(2):233-7.
[5]. haruaki ishibashi1, ken-ichi mukaisho2, masato wakabayashi3, takayuki takeuchi4, hiroki ishikawa4 available from www.shiga-med.ac.jp/education/ejournal/contrib/24-04paper.pdf
[6]. Ota T, Tei M, Yoshioka A, Mizuno M, Watanabe S, Seki M, Nakata H, Yamamoto I, Morita R. Intrapancreatic accessory spleen diagnosed by technetium-99m heat-damaged red blood cell SPECT. J Nucl Med, 38: 494-495, 1997

Abstract: The role of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotype in the pathogenesis and biological behaviour of cervical carcinoma of intense investigation. This study used PCR analysis to identify HPV in paraffin-embedded tissue and cervical scrapings from 50 patients with cervical cancer and 25-84 yrs/gender-matched controls population. Results were correlated with clinical outcome. HPV was identified in 48% of patients with cervical cancer and 4% of controls. The present study showed the presence of HPV type 16 in 40 patients (80%) where as HPV type 18 in 08 patients (16%) with cervical carcinoma. There was statistically significant association of HPV 16 with cervical carcinoma or HPV infection.

[1]. zur Hausen H. Condylomata acuminata and human genital cancer. Cancer Res 1976; 36:794.
[2]. Jung WW, Chun T, Sul D, Hwang KW, Kang HS, Lee DJ, et al. Strategies against human papilloma virus infection and cervical cancer. J Microbiol 2004;42:255-66.
[3]. Steenbergen RDM, Wilde JD, Wilting SM, Brink AATM, Snijders PJF, Meijer CJLM. HPV-mediated transformation of the anogenital tract. J Clin Virol 2005; 32S:S25-S33.
[4]. de Villiers EM, Fauquet C, Broker TR, Bernard HU, zur Hausen H. Classification of papilloma viruses. Virology 2004;324:17-27.
[5]. zur Hausen H. Papilloma viruses and cancer: From basic studies to clinical application. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2:342-50.
[6]. Hwang ES, Nottoli T, Dimaio D. The HPV 16 E5 protein: expression, detection, and stable complex formation with transmembrane proteins in COS cells. Virology 1995; 211:227-33.

Abstract: In the present study we studied 60 patients of either sex belonging to age group 20-50 years of ASA Grade I & II with MP grade I & II for routine surgeries two under general anesthesia, divided equally into two groups group I (N=30) for I-Gel and group II (N=30) for LMA-Proseal. We assessed the ease of insertion, success rate of insertion, ease of gastric tube placement, airway trauma by post operative blood staining of the device, tongue and lip. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure were recorded at base line induction, insertion and 1,3,5 min after the successful insertion and then at the time of removal and 1 min after removal. The ease of insertion was more with group I (29/50) than with group II (23/30) (p<0.05).

[1]. Levitan R.M, Kinkle W.C. Initial anatomic investigations of the i-gel airway:a novel supraglottic airway without inflatable cuff. Anaesthesia. 2005, 60;1022-1026.
[2]. Brain AIJ, Verghese C, Strube PJ. The LMA "ProSeal"_a laryngeal mask with an esophageal vent. Br. J Anaesth 2000;84:650-654.
[3]. Brimacombe J, Keller C. The ProSeal laryngeal malk airway. A randomized, crossover study with the standard laryngeal mask airway in paralyzed, anesthetized patients. Anesthesiology 2000;93:104-109.
[4]. Brimacombe J, Keller C. The ProSeal laryngeal malk airway. Anesth Clin N Amer 2002;20:871-891.
[5]. Asai T, Brimacombe J. Cuff volume and size selection with the larngeal mask. Anaesthesia 2000:55:1179-1184.
[6]. Hollands J., Riou B., Guerrero M., Landault C., Viars P. Comparison of hemodynamic effects f the laryngeal mask and the orotracheal tube. Ann Fr Anaesth Realmn 1993; 12:372-375.

Abstract: Background: Cytlogical examinations of serous effusions have been well accepted and a positive diagnosis often considered as definitive diagnosis. It helps for staging and prognosis of the patients for malignancy. Accurately diagnosing cells as being either malignant or benign reactive mesothelial cells in serous effusions is a common diagnostic problem in conventional cytological smears (CS). Cell block (CB) method provides better architecture, morphological features between reactive mesothelial cells and malignant cells. Aims and objectives: To perform exfoliative cytology of pleural fluid along with CB preparation and compare the diagnostic efficacy of CS methods verses CB method.

[1]. ShidhamVB, Atkinson BF. Cytopathlogic diagnosis of serous fluids. Elsevier, WB Saunders, 2006; 1-55.
[2]. Thapar M, Mishra RK, Sharma A, Goyal V. Critical analysis of cellblock versus smear examination in effusions. Journal of cytology 2009; 26(2): 60-64.
[3]. Nathan NA, Narayan E, Smith MM, Horn MJ. Cellblock cytology-Improved preparation and its efficacy in diagnostic cytology. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 114: 599-606.
[4]. Dekker A, Bupp PA. Cytology of serous effusions. An investigation into the usefulness of cellblocks versus smears. Am J Clin Pathol 1978;70(6):855-60.
[5]. Wojcik EM, Selvagi SM, comparison of smears and cellblocks in the fine needle aspiration diagnosis of recurrent gynecological malignancies. Acta Cytol 1991; 35 (6):773-6.
[6]. Krogerus LA, Anderson LC. A simple method for the preparation of paraffin embedded cellblocks from fine needle aspirates, effusions and brushings. Acta Cytol 1998; 32 (4): 585-7.
[7]. Yang GC, Wan LS, Papellas J, Waisman J. Compact cellblocks use for body fluid, fine needle aspirations and endometrial brush biopsies. Acta Cytol 1998; 48: 703-6.

Abstract: A new born baby was brought to the surgical emergency for a toe related abnormality. On examination, I found a healthy male baby with a spherical mass hanging from the great toe of right foot. It was a pedunculated mass with a narrow stock. It was reddish-grey in colour. The baby had polydactyly of all the four limbs. No other associated congenital abnormality detected. Routine investigations were normal. The problem was managed surgically.

Keywords: Congenital anomaly; Toe ball anomaly; Undescribed congenital malformation.

[1]. Schwartz: The Hand, in Principles of Surgery: 5th Edn P 2012-13.
[2]. T W Saddler: Langman's Medical Embryology: 9th Edn 2004: P 185-192.
[3]. Susan Stranding: GRAY'S ANATOMY: 40th Edn 2008: P 1463-1464.
[4]. Richard S Snell: CLINICAL ANATOMY by Regions: 9th Edn 2012: P 512.

Abstract: Pyoderma gangrenosum(PG) is a chronic destructive ulcerating skin lesion of unknown etiology. It is associated with some systemic medical illnesses in 50% of cases like inflammatory bowel disease, systemicarthritis, hematological disease and malignancies. Characteristic lesion begins as pustule or vesiculopustule and progresses to an ulcer or deep erosion with violaceous overhanging or undermined borders. It is often a diagnosis of exclusion of other causes of cutaneous ulceration as laboratory and histopathological findings are variable and non-specific. Here we describe a case of PG over hand in an adult male who was suffering from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma lung and subsequently offered palliative chemotherapy as well as systemic and topical therapy for pyoderma gangrenosum.

Keywords: Pyoderma gangrenosum, ulcerative, squamous cell carcinoma lung.

[1]. Brunsting LA, Goeckerman WH, O'Leary PA (1930) Pyoderma gangraenosum: clinical and experimentalobservations in five cases occurring in adults. Arch Dermatol 22:655—680
[2]. Powell FC, Su WPD. Pyoderma gangrenosum: classification and management. J Am AcadDermatol 1996;34:395-409.
[3]. Ahronowitz I et al (2012) Am J Clin Dermatol13(3): 191–211
[4]. Callen JP: Pyoderma gangrenosum. Lancet 1998;351:581-585.
[5]. Crowson AN, Magro C, Mihm MC Jr. (2003) Pyodermagangrenosum: a review. J Cutan Pathol2;30:97—107
[6]. Von den Driesch P. Pyoderma gangrenosum: A report of 44 cases with follow-up. Br J Dermatol 1997;137:1000-5.
[7]. Fritch P (1998)Neutrophiledermatosen. In: Braun-Falco O, Plewig G, Wolff H (eds) DermatologieundVenerologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, NewYork, pp. 362—365

Abstract: Objective: To compare intravenous Labetalol with oral Nifedipine in their rapidity to control hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy. Design: A hospital based prospective randomized interventional comparative study. Methods: Pregnant woman with severe gestational hypertension ≥ 160/110 mm of Hg were randomized to receive intravenous Labetalol injection (in an escalating dose regimen of 20, 40, 80, 80 and 80 mg) or Nifedipine (10mg tab orally upto 5 doses ) until the target blood pressure of 150/90mm of Hg was achieved. Crossover treatment was effected if the initial treatment regimen was unsuccessful.

1]. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY. Pregnancy Hypertension. Text Book of Williams Obstetrics. 23rd Edition.2010 New York, McGraw Hill. 706-757 pp.
[2]. McCarthy FP, Kingdom JC, Kenny LC, et al. Placenta 2011; 32(6): 413-9.
[3]. Fernando Arias, Shirish Daftary, Amarnath Bhide, "Practical guide to high risk pregnancy and delivery" 3 rd edition 2007.
[4]. Khan KS et al. Lancet 2006; 367: 1066-74.
[5]. National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence. (2010). Hypertension in Pregnancy: The management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. NICE clinical guidelines 107. [online] Available from www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13098/50418. Pdf.

Abstract: Traffic noise is one of the varied causative factors for stress, especially in cities like Chennai. Added to the other risks for stress, traffic policemen are victimized to this too. Blood pressure is an indicator to assess the cardiac status in stress. Increased cardiovascular reactivity to the CPT (Cold Pressor Test) helps to predict the future development of hypertension. So, the present study is aimed to assess the cardio dynamic response to cold pressor test among the traffic police personnel.

[1]. Vena, J.E., Violanti, J.M., Marshall, J. & Fiedler, R.C. Mortality of a municipal worker cohort: III. Police officers. Am J Ind Med 10, 383-397 (1986).
[2]. Ely, D.L. Organization of cardiovascular and neurohumoral responses to stress. Implications for health and disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 771, 594-608 (1995).
[3]. Sardinas, A., Miller, J.W. & Hansen, H. Ischemic heart disease mortality of firemen and policemen. Am J Public Health 76, 1140-1141 (1986).
[4]. Franke, W.D., Cox, D.F., Schultz, D.P. & Anderson, D.F. Coronary heart disease risk factors in employees of Iowa's Department of Public Safety compared to a cohort of the general population. Am J Ind Med 31, 733-737 (1997).
[5]. Park, J., Middlekauff, H.R. & Campese, V.M. Abnormal sympathetic reactivity to the cold pressor test in overweight humans. Am J Hypertens 25, 1236-1241 (2012).

Abstract: Introduction: Spinal Anaesthesia is the most commonly used technique for lower abdominal & lower limb surgeries as it is very economical and easy to administer. A common problem during lower abdominal & lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia is visceral pain, nausea and vomiting. Local anaesthetic agents for spinal anaesthesia are used have various side effects and less duration of action. In order to minimize the side effects and maximize the duration of analgesia, various adjuvants have been used along with local anaesthetics. A number of adjuvants like fentanyl, clonidine, dexmeditomide etc., have been used to improve the quality of subarachnoid block. Midazolam a water soluble benzodiazepine is used to increase the duration of analgesia and facilitate early ambulation and reducing hospital stay of the patient. The aim of the study was to compare the subarachnoid block characteristics with Midazolam to intrathecal Bupivacaine.

[1]. Brown DL. Spinal block in Atlas of Regional Anesthesia, 2nd Edition, Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company, 1999.
[2]. Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO. Spinal neural blockade in Neural Blockade. In: Clinical Anesthesia and Management of Pain. 3rd Edition, Philadelphia Lippincott-Raven, 1998.
[3]. Collins VJ. Spinal anesthesia, In: Principles of Anesthesiology – General& Regional Anesthesia, 3rd Edition, Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1993.
[4]. Goodchild CS, Noble J. The effects of intrathecal midazolam on sympathetic nervous system reflexes in man – A Pilot Study. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol, 1987 March;23(3):279-85.
[5]. Edward! M, Serrao JM, Gent JP, Goodchild CS. On the mechanism by which midazolam causes spinally mediated analgesia. Anesthesiology 1990 Aug;73(2):273-7.
[6]. Valentine JMJ, Lyons G, Bellamy MC. The effect of intrathecal midazolam on postoperative pain. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, Nov.1996;13(6):589-593.

Abstract: Aim: This is a retrospective profile of new cases of Carcinoma Cervix who presented at the Department of Radiotherapy, Dr.S.N.Medical College, Jodhpur in 2014. Methods: Two hundred and four cases of carcinoma cervix were registered. Detailed clinical examination, history and relevant investigations were undertaken. Staging was by FIGO criteria.150 patients were treated with a curative intent with radical dose of radiation as per the department protocol i.e. both EBRT (with Inj. Cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly) plus Brachytherapy.8 patients received palliative treatment. Result: Most patients were from rural background, mostly in 40-60 year old age group and presented in locally advanced stages.80.67% of patients completed their intended treatment. Disease response (87% overall response) and toxicity were within acceptable limits

[1]. GLOBOCAN 2012 (IARC). http://globocan.iarc.fr/factsheet.asp
[2]. ICO Information Centre on HPV and cancer. Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in India (Summary Report 2014-08-22); 2014.
[3]. Satija A.Cervical cancer in India. South Asia centre for chronic disease. Available from: http://sancd.org/uploads/pdf/cervical_cancer.pdf.
[4]. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements.ICRU Report 38: Dose and volume specification for reporting intracavitary therapy in gynecology. Bethesda: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements; 1985.
[5]. American Brachytherapy Society Consensus guidelines for locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix Part 1 (General Principles) & II (HDR Brachytherapy).2012
[6]. American Brachytherapy Society Consensus guidelines for adjuvant vaginal cuff brachytherapy after hysterectomy. Brachytherapy 11 (2012) 58-67.

Abstract: Spleen one of the most important lymphoid organs shows variations in size or length in different stage of life. Knowledge of splenic size can help us to diagnose many different kinds of diseases. This study is to establish the normal range of splenic length in correletion to the age of individual in both males and females by ultrasound examination which is one of the most common routine clinical examination now a days.

[1]. Sinnatamby CS. Abdomen. In: Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied. 12th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Limited; 2006. p.270
[2]. Borley NR. Grays anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice. Spleen. In: Stranding S, Ellis H, Heally JC, Johnson D, Williams A, Collins P, editors. 40th ed. Spain: Elsevier; 2008. p. 1191
[3]. Larsen WJ. Anatomy: Development,Function,Clinical correlation. Philadelphia: Elsevier Science; 2002. p. 228.
[4]. Ezeofor SN, Obikili EN, Anyanwu GE,Onuh AC,Mgbor SO. Sonographic assesement of the normal limits of the spleen in healthy school children in South east Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2014 Aug;17(4):484-86.
[5]. Yadav BK, Sharma LK, Yadav SR, Chakradhar S, Neupane I. Sonographic measurements of the spleen in relation to Age; A prospective study in eastern nepalese adults. JBPR 2012;2(3):118-21.
[6]. Megremis SD, Vlachonikolis IG, Tsilimigaki AM. Spleen length in childhood with US: Normal values based on age,sex and somatometric Parameters. RSNA 2004 Apr;231(1):129-34
[7]. Arora N, Sharma PK, Sahai A, Singh R. Sonographic measurement of the spleen in relation to age; A prospective study in North Indian Adults. J Anat. Soc. India 2010;59(2):177-181.

Abstract: Aim:
• To study the clinical patterns of young hypertensive (15 to 40 yrs).
• Any special clinical profile of young hypertensive.
• Value of several laboratory investigative procedures in the diagnosis of hypertension.
• Arriving at etiological diagnosis in young hypertensive

• In young hypertensive the secondary causes are commonly found. Renal, endocrinal constitute most of the causes.
• In majority of the cases secondary hypertension can be diagnosed by history, physical examination, simple tests of blood, urine and ultrasound abdomen. The special investigations, were done, based on these parameters.
• If the underlying cause is corrected most of the secondary forms of hypertension are curable.
• Reinforcement of dietary measures and regular antihypertensive in the essential group is the treatment of choice.

Abstract: Objective: Detection of drug resistant organisms and their co-existence at the right time and within a short period is one of the prime roles of a clinical microbiologist. This study was undertaken to classify drug resistance and to detect different mechanisms of resistance to beta lactam antibiotics in gram positive and gram negative bacteria by single plate sensitivity testing. Method: The bacterial isolates were collected and all non-repeat resistant isolates were classified as Multi drug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR) and Pan drug resistant (PDR). Novel single plate sensitivity testing was done to detect extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC beta-lactamases (AmpC) and metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) among MDR, XDR and PDR isolates.

[1]. Ibrahim ME, Bilal NE, Hamid ME. Increased multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli from hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan. Afr Health Sci. 2012; 12(3): 368–375.

[2]. Po Ughachukwa and PC Unekwe. Efflux Pump-Mediated Resistance in Chemotherapy. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2012; 2(2): 191–198.

[3]. Bhaskar T, Kingshuk L. The Beta Lactam Antibiotics as an Empirical Therapy in a Developing Country: An Update on Their Current Status and Recommendations to Counter the Resistance against Them. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013; 7(6): 1207–1214.

[4]. Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012; 18(3): 268-81.

[5]. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; nineteenth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S19, Wayne, Pa: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2009; 29(3).

Abstract: Proptosis and Facial nerve palsy as presenting features of Acute myeloid leukemia is very rare (1) and more so in infants. We report a case of five month old female infant presented with simultaneous proptosis and facial nerve palsy and diagnosed to be a case of acute myeloid leukemia as per her Peripheral blood smear (PBS) and bone marrow reports. Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) or chloroma is rare manifestation in acute myeloid leukemia occurring about 3% of childhood acute myeloid leukemias.(2,3,4) Orbital Granulocytic sarcoma may cause proptosis while leukemic deposits in temporal bone or CNS infiltration can lead to facial nerve palsy in child with acute myeloid leukemia.(5) The purpose of this case report is to keep high index of suspicion of underlying malignancy like leukemia while evaluating infants and young children presenting with proptosis and / or facial nerve palsy and highlight the importance of PBS examination & bone marrow study in these children.

[1]. Iran J Cancer Prev. 2013 winter; 6(1): 52–54. [2]. P. I. Liu, T. Ishimaru, D. H. McGregor, H. Okada, and A. Steer, "Autopsy study of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) in patients with myelogenous leukemia, Hiroshima-Nagasaki 1949–1969," Cancer, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 948–955, 1973. [3]. R. S. Neiman, M. Barcos, and C. Berard, "Granulocytic sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 61 biopsied cases," Cancer, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1426–1437, 1981.
[4]. P. H. Wiernik and A. A. Serpick, "Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma)," Blood, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 361–369, 1970.
[5]. Zechner G, Altmen F. the temporal bone in leukemia. Histological studies. Ann otol Rhinol Leryngol 1969; 78: 375-87. [6]. Kuendgen A, Germing U. Emerging treatment strategies for acute myeloid leukemia (ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA) in the elderly.Cancer Treat Rev. 2009;35:97–120. [PubMed]

Abstract: Salivary gland tumours constitute about less than 4% of all head and neck tumours and are commonly seen in adults3.Myoepithelioma is a rare benign neoplasm of salivary glands, which accounts for less than 1% of all salivary gland neoplasms. It is more common in parotid glands followed by small salivary glands.Myoepithelioma once was considered as extreme variant of pleomorphic adenoma, but now many authors consider the myoepithelioma as distinct pathological entity as it is composed entirely of myoepithelial cells and behaves more aggressive than pleomorphic adenoma (PA).

[1]. Pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate; Gupta M, et al. BMJ Case Rep 2013. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-008969.
[2]. Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Palate; Amit Kumar Gothwal et al. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2012 August Vol-6(6): 1109-1111.
[3]. Pleomorphic adenoma hard palate a case report and literature review– Professor Balasubramanian Thiagarajan Balasubramanian Thiagarajan; ENT SCHOLAR;March 18, 2013; Rhinology.
[4]. Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the salivary glands: its diverse clinical, radiological, and histopathological presentation; R.K. Lingam et al. / British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 49 (2011) 14–20.
[5]. Myoepithelial carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: A problematic diagnosisSaid and Campana; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod; 2005; 99:196-201.
[6]. Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: Immunoprofile of the cytoskeleton proteins.S. Sousa, A. Altemani, M. Martins, N. Arau´ jo, V. Arau´ jo, University of Sa˜ o Paulo, University of Campinas, and Study CenterSa˜o Leopoldo Mandi, Brazil; OOOOE Volume 98, Number 2.

Abstract: Objectives:The aim of this study is to highlight the management and prognosis , whether there is a treatment protocol of peripheral ameloblstoma with consideration of the following aspects , the outcome of long term follow up period,recurrence rate and complications such as malignant transformation Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out from 2005 – 2014 using computerized search in pubmed data base, Chohrane library databases Using specific words such as peripheral ameloblastoma or extraosseousameloblastoma written in English.

[1]. GiacomoOteri, Maria Lentini, Michele Pisano, and Marco Cicciù.PeripheralDesmoplasticAmeloblastoma in Adolescent Age: Clinico-Pathological and ImmunohistochemicalAnalisys of a Case.Open Dent J. 2014; 8: 159–163.
[2]. Jones V, Franklin CD. An analysis of oral and maxillofacial pathology found in adults over a 30-year period. J Oral Pathol Med. 2006;35: 7392–401.
[3]. Ebezener V, Ramalingam B. A cross-sectional survey of prevalence of odontogenictumours. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2010;9: 369–74.
[4]. Jordan RCK, Speight PM. Current concepts of odontogenictumours. Diagnostic Histopathology. 2009;15:303–10. doi: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2009.03.002.
[5]. Yamanishi T, Ando S, Aikawa T, Kishino M, Nakano Y, Sasai K. A case of extragingival peripheral ameloblastoma in the buccal mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007;36:184–6.
[6]. Vanoven BJ, Parker NP, Petruzzelli GJ. Peripheral ameloblastoma of the maxilla: a case report and literature review. Am J Otolaryngol. 2008;29:357–60..

Abstract: Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Pediatric patients are not smaller versions of adults in either physiology or morphology, and the management of pediatric facial injuries requires an understanding of this principle.There is a great disparity between pediatric and adult patients with regard to the available epidemiologic data, and there is little consensus in the literature about the management of pediatric facial fractures. This article reviews the spectrum of pediatric facial trauma along with a review of growth and anatomic considerations, diagnosis, and recent advances in management of these injuries. This study is based on various references from textbooks, articles inCochrane library. Key words: Maxillofacial trauma, Children

[1]. C. E. Zimmermann, M. J. Troulis, and L. B. Kaban, Pediatric facial fractures: recent advances in prevention, diagnosis and management. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2006; 35: 2–13.
[2]. Jonathan Wheeler, John Phillips, Pediatric Facial Fractures and Potential Long -Term Growth Disturbances;Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstruction 2011; 4:43–52.
[3]. Posnick JC: Craniomaxillofacial fractures in children. Oral MaxillofacClin North Am. 1:169, 1994.
[4]. Posnick J.C, Wells M, Pron G.E. Pediatric facial fractures. Evolving patterns of treatment. J Oral MaxillofacSurg 1993; 51:836244.
[5]. Rowe NL. Fractures of the facial skeleton in children. J Oral Surg 1968: 26: 505–515.
[6]. Rowe NL. Fractures of the jaws in children. J Oral Surg 1969: 27: 497 –507. 101.
[7]. Rowe NL, Killey HC. Fractures of the Mandible in Children. Fractures of the Facial Skeleton. Edinburgh, London: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd 1968: 173–179.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of negative pressure wound therapy in traumatic wounds. . Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is believed to accelerate wound healing by altering wound micro vascular blood flow. In our study we have used cost effective material as an alternative to the more expensive V.A.C set in the management of complex wounds. This study is a prospective evaluation of NPWT in 15 patients with traumatic wounds. In our study we have used locally made NPWT set for wound therapy. We have treated patients with complex wounds in which bone and tendons are exposed. Dressing was changed for every 4 days till the desired granulations tissue is formed for skin cover.

[1]. Argenta LC, Morykwas MJ, Marks MW, et al. Vacuum-assisted closure: state of clinic art. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117:127S–142S. [PubMed]
[2]. Banwell P, Teot L. Topical negative pressure (TNP): the evolution of a novel wound therapy. J Tissue Viability. 2006;16:16–24. [PubMed]
[3]. Morykwas MJ, Simpson J, Punger K, et al. Vacuum-assisted closure: state of basic research and physiologic foundation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117:121S–126S. [PubMed]
[4]. Timmers MS, Le Cessie S, Banwell P, et al. The effects of varying degrees of pressure delivered by negative-pressure wound therapy on skin perfusion. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;55:665–671. [PubMed]
[5]. Wackenfors A, Gustafsson R, Sjogren J, et al. Blood flow responses in the peristernal thoracic wall during vacuum-assisted closure therapy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:1724–1730. [PubMed]
[6]. Open Orthop J. 2014; 8: 168–177.Published online Jun 27, 2014. The Evidence-Based Principles of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Trauma & Orthopedics Novak A,1 Wasim S Khan,2 and Palmer J*,1

Abstract: The present study is a part of the school health survey carried out to assess the dental health status of schoolchildren of different schools in Baksa district of Assam. A total number 6,975 schoolchildren from 89 schools were examined of whom (51.4%; n=3584) were males. The children belonged to standard one to tenth and were in the age group of 5 to 15 years. Verbal consent was obtained from the head of the school prior to examination of the children. Clinical examination was conducted by a single investigator and Decayed /Filled Teeth." status was considered to evaluate dental caries.

[1]. R.S.Gaikwad, and M.S. Indurkar, Prevalence of dental caries in school going children of Aurangabad in the year, JIDA, 64, 1993, 325-326.
[2]. P. Sudha, S. Bhasin , and R.T. Anegundi, Prevalence of dental caries among 5-13-year old children of Manglore city, J Indian Pedod Prev Dent, 2005,75-79.
[3]. P. Datta, and P.P. Datta, Prevalence of Dental Caries among School Children in Sundarban, India. Epidemiol, 3, 2013, 135. [4]. N.A. Ingle, HV. Dubey, N. Kaur, and R. Gupta, Prevalence of dental caries among school children of Bharatpur city, India. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent, 4(1), 2014, 52-55.
[5]. R. Karunakaran, S. Somasundaram, M. Gawthaman, S. Vinodh, S. Manikandan, and S. Gokulnathan, Prevalence of dental caries among schoolgoingchildren in Namakkal district: A cross-sectional study, J Pharm Bioall Sci,6, 2014,S160-1.
[6]. G.Singh, G. Kaur, V. Mengi, and B.A. Singh, A study of dental caries among schoolchildren in rural area of Jammu, Annals of Dental Specialty, 2(1), 2014, 1-5.

Abstract: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of thyroid diseases, clinical presentation, and demographic characteristics of cases in Government General Hospital (GGH), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Present study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, GGH, Guntur, AP, India, over a period of one year from October 2013 to October 2014. Clinical data obtained from 40 cases and they were analyzed based on the age and sex distribution, their dietary habits, past history, provisional diagnosis on clinical examination basis. Cases of females (90%) predominated greatly in all ages. Iodine deficiency was not only the sole cause as revealed by dietary data.

[1] Zimmerman MB. Iodine deficiency. Endocr Rev 2009; 30: 376 – 408.
[2] http://www.ias.ac.in April 2011.
[3] Adam Gesing, Andrzej Lewiński and Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska, Gesing et al. The thyroid gland and the process of aging; what is new? Thyroid Research 2012, 5:16.
[4] WHO/ICCIDD/UNICEF). Assessment of the iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. WHO/NHD/01.1.Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001.
[5] A Lewiński, E Sewerynek, M Karbownik: Aging processes and the thyroid gland. In Aging and Age-Related Diseases: The Basics. Edited by Karasek M. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc; 2006:131-172.
[6] A Faggiano, M Del Prete, F Marciello, V Marotta, V Ramundo, A Colao: Thyroid diseases in elderly. Minerva Endocrinol 2011, 36:211-231.

Abstract: Toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation during cataract surgery should result in less spectacle dependence postoperatively in patients with pre existing corneal astigmatism. However, precise alignment of the cylindrical axis of the toric IOL with the astigmatic axis of the cornea is the key to success. Imprecise alignment results in residual astigmatism with an axis different from that before surgery. In cases of significant misalignment, it can result in higher astigmatism than preoperatively as well as flipping of the orientation of the axis of astigmatism in the entire eye.

[1]. Gauri shah, Mamidipudi R. Praveen, Abhay R. Vasavada et al.Rotational stability of toric intraocular lens: Influence of axial length and alignment in the capsular bag.J Cataract Refract Surg 2012; 38:54–59.
[2]. Chang DF. Repositioning technique and rate for toric intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009; 35:1315–1316.
[3]. Chang DF. Comparative rotational stability of single-piece open loop acrylic and plate-haptic silicone toric intraocular lenses.J Cataract Refract Surg 2008; 34:1842–1847.
[4]. Ruhswurm I, Scholz U, Zehetmayer M, Hanselmayer G, Vass C, Skorpik C. Astigmatism correction with a foldable toric intraocular lens in cataract patients. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000; 26:1022–1027.
[5]. Chang DF. Early rotational stability of the longer Staar toric intraocular lens; fifty consecutive cases. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003; 29:935–940.
[6]. Vasavada A, Singh R. Relationship between lens and capsular bag size. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998; 24:547–551.

Abstract: Introduction: Dermatophytes are a group of taxonomically related fungi which includes members of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. All of them causes skin or nail infection called Tinea or ringworm. Clinically, dermatophyte infections are classified by body region and infections of the trunk is defined as Tinea corporis.

[1]. Indian Association of Dermatology &Venerology, Textbook of dermatology, 3rd edition, Vol.1. Pg.no 252
[2]. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in general medicine, 6th edition, Pg.no 211
[3]. IADVL, Textbook of dermatology, 3rd edition, vol.1, Pg.no.253
[4]. Indian Association of dermatology & venereology, textbook of Dermatology, vol.1, Pg.no252
[5]. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General medicine, 6th edition, Pg.no 211
[6]. Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacology, 12th edition,

Abstract: To determine the pathologic relevance of eosinophilia in malaria infection.A total of two hundred and fifty (250) patient attending UsmanuDanfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto were used in this study. Comprising of 200 malaria positive patient and 50 apparently healthy individual as test sample and control sample respectively. Thin and thick blood film were made from each client and stained with leishman and giemsa stain for the microscopic determination of differential leucocyte count and malaria parasite density respectively.The pathologic relevance of eosinophilia in malaria infection and the effect of malaria infection on increase in eosinophils count were determined using SPSS computer software version 18.0. In all out of 91(36.4%) patient with mild infection (+), 68(27.2%) patient have mild eosinophilia (5-8), and 23(9.2%) have moderate eosinophilia (5-8) and out of 57(22.8%) patient with moderate infection (++), 12(4.8%) patient have mild eosinophilia (5-8), 39(15.6%) patient have moderate eosinophilia (9-12), and 6(2.4%) patient have severe eosinophilia (13-16), and then out of 52(20.8%) patient with severe infection (+++), only 1(0.4%) patient have mild eosinophilia(5-8),12(4.8%) patient have moderate eosinophilia (9-12), and the majority of the population with severe infection (+++), 39(15.6%) patient have severe eosinophilia (13-16).

[1] Kurtzhals,J.A.L., Reimert, C.M., and Tette, E.(1998).Increased eosinophil activity in acute Plasmodium falciparum infection-association with cerebral malaria.Clinical and Experimental Immunology112, 303307.
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[5] Rothenberg, M.E. (1998).Eosinophilia.New England Journal of Medicine;338:1592-1699
[6] Sanderson, C.J., Warren, D.J., and Strath, M. (1985).Identification of a lymphokine that stimulates eosinophil differentiation in vitro. Its relationship to interleukin 3, and functional properties of eosinophils produced in cultures. Journal of Experimental Medicine162, 6074.

Abstract: Sternal wound infection is a life threatening complication after cardiac surgery associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of reconstructing deep sternal wound infection after coronary artery bypass graft, with either pectoralis major flap and/or pedicled omentoplasty after previous vacuum- assisted closure (VAC) therapy. For six patients, sternal refixation and reconstruction was obtained by sternal internal plate fixation combined with Pectoralis major Myocutanous flap. In four patients a pedicle omentoplasty was performed with or without split-skin graft and additional VAC therapy. We evaluated preoperative characteristics and post-operative course. Our all PMMC Flap patients had an uneventful post-operative course. Complications in pedicled omentoplasty patients included wound dehiscence, infection of sternal plating material etc.

[1]. Landes G, Harris PG, Sampalis JS, Brutus JP, Cordoba C, Ciaburro H, et al. Outcomes in the management of sternal dehiscence by plastic surgery: A ten-year review in one university center. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;59:659–66. [PubMed] [2]. Jungheim C, Isgro F, Werling C, Sloot N, Saggau W. Analysis of infections after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;48(Suppl 1):50. [3]. Engelmann RM, Williams CD, Gouge TH. Mediastinits following open-heart surgery: Review of two years experience. Arch Surg. 1973;107:772–6. [PubMed]

Abstract: Background: The use of adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy an attractive strategy to improve local control rates and decrease distant failures in resected gastric cancer patients. Aim: The aim of the present study is to determine the efficacy of adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation in resected gastric cancer patients. Methods: In our prospective study we have included 40 patients registered at GGH, Guntur with confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of stomach post-op, the intention was curative resection. 20 patients undervent surgery alone compared with 20 patients undervent surgery followed by chemoradiation.

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[5]. Dupont JB Jr, Lee JR, Burton GR, Cohn I Jr: Adenocarcinoma of the stomach: review of 1497 cases. Cancer 1978, 4:941-947.
[6]. Maruyama k, Sasako M, Kinnoshita T et al: Surgical treatment for gastric cancer, the Japanese approach, seminoncol 23; 360-368; 1996.