iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2015

Abstract: Objective: To compare the pulmonary functions in smoker & non smoker. Materials and Method: In present prospective study , two hundred male subjects were included. PFT measurements were carried out three times in each subject & highest level for forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in first second [FEV1]& peak expiratory flow rate[PEFR] was recorded. Data was analysed using unpaired students t test & ANOVA .

[1]. Bencuitz NL, Brunetta PG. Smoking Hazards and cessation. In : Murray JF, Nadel JA, eds. Text book of Respiratory Medicine, (Vol.2), 4th edn. Philadelphia (US): Elsevier Saunders; 2005.p453-66.
[2]. Prabhat Jha,, Binu Jacob, Vendhan Gajalakshmi, Prakash C. Gupta,,Neeraj Dhingra, Rajesh Kumar, et al. A Nationally Representative Case–Control Study of Smoking and Death in India. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1137-47.
[3]. Park K. Park‟s text book of Preventive and social medicine, 18th edn. Jabalpur: M/s Banarsidas Bhanot; 2004.p.638.
[4]. Sinha DN, Gupta PC, Pednekar MS. Tobacco use in a rural area of Bihar. Indian J Community Med 2003;28(4): 10-12.
[5]. Dwivedi S, Srivastava S, Dwivedi G. Smoking associated with malignancy, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concurrent coronary artery disease : Report of Nine cases. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2006;48:213- 16.

Abstract: Introduction: Hypertension is the disease which affects the various systems of the body. The effect of hypertension on respiratory system is less studied. Objective: To assess the influence of pathophysiology of hypertension on pulmonary function in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: Study group consisted of 80 hypertensives and control group consisted of 80 nonhypertensives. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was performed with computerised spirometer: RMS Helios 401. The following PFT parameters were recorded and studied : FEV 1, FVC, FEV 1/ FVC, PEFR in both the groups. These parameters were compared in both the groups by applying unpaired t test.

[1]. World health Day 2013: A global brief on hypertension Silent killer, global public health crisis. Geneva, Switzerland : World Health Organization; 2013. Available from: http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/publications/global_brief_hypertension/en/. Last accessed October 9, 2015) [2]. The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Health Life. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002. Available from: http://www.who.int/whr/2002/. Last accessed October 1, 2015). [3]. Reddy SS, Prabhu GR. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in adults in an urban slum,Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Community Health 2005;30(3): 84-86. [4]. Patel V, Chatterji S, Chisholm D, Ebrahim S, Gopalakrishna G, Mathers C, et al. Chronic diseases and injuries in India. Lancet 2011; 377: 413–28.

Abstract: Hyperprolactinemia is a common problem encountered in reproductive disorders and the most effectively treatable cause of endocrine infertility. It is a prospective study carried out in the department of OBG over a period of 14 months.The study group comprised of 100 cases of infertility and their complete history regarding mean age,BMI,Galactorrhea,mensutral irregularities was taken. Their prolactin levels and thyroid levels are taken and compared .The correlation between hyperprolactinemia and obesity,incidence of galactorrhea,menstrual irregularities,hyperthyroidism was found to be significant. So we concluded measurement of prolactin levels and TSH screening are important in all women who are not ovulating normally.

Key Words: Prolactin,Infertility,Galactorrhea,BMI;Hypothyriodism,Menstrual irregularities.

[1]. Avasthi Kum Kum, Kaur Jasmine, Gupta Shewatha, Narang Pal Ajeshwar – Hyperprolactinemia and its correlation with hypothyriodism in infertile woman(Articie in internet)
[2]. Azima Kalsum,Samina Jalate - Role of hyperprolactinemia in fertility (Article in Internet)
[3]. Barbieri RL, Sluss PM, Powers RD, McShane PM, Vitonis A, Ginsburg E, Cramer DC.
[4]. Blackwell ER, Hammond RK, Knochenhauer SE. Prolactin disorders in infertility.
[5]. Machelle M Seibel. "Infertility –A comprehensive text" 11 Edition 1990:155-170. USA, Appleton and Lange Publications.
[6]. Choudhary SD, Goswami A. Hyperprolactinemia and reproductive disorders-a profile from north east. J Assoc Physicians India 1995;43:617-8.

Abstract: Introduction: RBC histogram is routinely available almost in all counter. Histogram provides idea about morphological features of RBCs. Histogram and peripheral smear abnormal in various RBC disorders. In this article we are discussing about histogram changes in various RBC disorder and compare them with peripheral smear. Objective: To study RBC histogram along with peripheral smear in various RBC disorders. Materials and Methods: Total 500 anemic patient`s blood sample collected in EDTA for peripheral smear examination and run in automated analyzer for obtaining histogram. Then abnormal histogram studied in various RBC disorders.

[1]. Bessman JD, Gilmer PR Jr, Gardner FH.Improved classification of anemias by MCV and RDW. Am J Clin Pathol. 1983;80:322-326
[2]. Williams LJ. Cell histograms: New trends in data interpretation and classification. J Med Technol. 1984;3:189-197.
[3]. Fossat C, David M, Harle JR, et al. New parameters in erythrocyte counting. Value of histograms. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1987;111:1150-1154.
[4]. Lawrence A, Young M, Cooper A, et al. Red cell histograms in the diagnosis of diseases. In: Simpson E, ed. Hematology Beyond the Microscope. New York, NY: Technicon Instruments; 1984:155-164.CE Update 308 LABMEDICINE ,Volume 42 Number 5 ;May 2011 labmedicine.com [5]. Interpretation of red blood cell rbc histograms. aspx . http://www.medialabinc.net/spg579125/interpretation of red blood cell rbc histograms.aspx.

Abstract: Acute appendicitis is the most common acute surgical condition of the abdomen. It is precipitated by the presence of faecoliths, may be associated with diet with increased refined sugars and meat and a lack of dietary fibre. Rarely it may be associated with viral infections. Diagnosis is made with the help of clinical history and thorough physical examination, supported by blood and radiological investigations. The commonest site of the appendix is retro-caecal. It may quickly complicate by perforation or abscess or mass formation. Hence immediate diagnosis and prompt treatment may reduce the risk of complications. Appendicular tip perforation is the most common site of appendicular perforation. Sometimes perforation of the large bowel may be associated with severe acute appendicitis. The mortality rate of non-perforated appendicitis is less than 1% while that of perforated appendicitis may be as high as 5% in extremes of age. This may be attributed to delay in clinical presentation or diagnosis in the younger group and association with multiple co-morbidities in the elderly.

Key words: Acute Appendicitis, Caecal perforation, Ileostomy.

[1]. Herscu G, Kong A, Russell D, Tran CL, Varela JE, Cohen A, Stamos MJ: Retrocecal appendix location and perforation at presentation. Am Surg2006, 72(10):890-3.
[2]. Papapolychroniadis C, Kaimakis D, Fotiadis P, Karamanlis E, Stefopoulou M, Kouskouras K, Dimitriadis A, Harlaftis N: Perforated diverticulum of the caecum. A difficult preoperative diagnosis. Report of 2 cases and reviewof the literature. Neumann U, Tech Coloproctol 2004, 8(Suppl 1):s116-8.
[3]. Mauvais F, Benoist S, Panis Y, Chafaï N, Valleur P: Three cases of diverticular perforation of the caecum and ascending colon. Ann Chir1999, 53(1):89-91.
[4]. Fielitz J, Ehlert HG: Perforation of the cecum by a toothpick–a rare differential acute appendicitis diagnosis. Case report and review of theliterature. Chirurg 2000, 71(11):1405-8.
[5]. Renner K, Holzer B, Hochwarter G, Weihsbeck E, Schiessel R: Dig Surg.Needle perforation of the appendix 2000, 17(4):413-4.

Abstract: Quality of life of elderly people (QOL) is becoming even more relevant with demographic shift happening towards an ageing society. The concerns related to QOL in elderly people are different from that of general population. In India, there is low awareness about special needs of elderly and care takers are yet to understand the basics of elderly care (physical and mental health, psychological & social support ). Furthermore, among elderly there is variation between those living in old age homes (OAHs) and those living in general population. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess and compare the quality of life of elderly living in OAHs and community.

[1]. Dr.Jogendersingh et al. Comparative study of Quality Of Life in Aged persons. Indian J of Applied Research , 2014 ; 4 : 1-3,
[2]. ShahulHameed et al . Quality of life among geriatric population in a rural area of DakshinaKannada , Karnataka , India . Global J Med and public health , 2014 ; 3: 1-5
[3]. Uday Mohan et al . Dimensions and determinants of quality of life among senior citizen of Lucknow , India . Int J Med and public health , 2014 ; 4: 477-481
[4]. Development of the World Health Organization WHO QOL – BREF quality of life assessment . The WHO QOL Group .psychol Med 1998 ;28 : 551
[5]. J.Heydari et al. Health – related quality of life of elderly living in nursing home and homes in a district of Iran : Implications for policy makers . Ind J science &technology , 2012 ;5 :2782-2787
[6]. ArunaDubey et al . A study of elderly living in in Old Age Home and within Family set – up in Jammu. Stud Home Com Sci , 2011 ; 5 (2) : 93-98
[7]. SireeshaSrinivasaRao et al . A Comparative study of psychiatric Morbidity , Quality of life (QOL) coping skills among elderly people living in old age homes and in the community. Int.J Health sciences &Research , 2014; 4 (8): 212-225
[8]. Luciano MagalhaesVitorino et al . Quality of life of seniors living in the community and in long term care facilities : a comparative study. Rev. Latino- Am. Enfermagem2013 ; 21: 3-11

Abstract: Expertise in airway management is essential in every medical specialty. Maintaining a patent airway is essential for adequate oxygenation & ventilation & failure to do so , even for a brief period of time , can be life threatening.
• Difficult airway is potentially catastrophic incident as it may result in airway or oesophageal injury , aspiration & severe hypoxemia with consequent brain damage / or death.
• Although oxygenation / ventilation – via various devices – is always the primary goal in management of a difficult airway , tracheal intubation remains the gold standard in securing the airway ; it ensures optimal ventilation & oxygenation while protecting the respiratory tract from aspiration.

[1]. The difficult airway. Ed George, MD, PhD , Kenneth L. Haspel, MD
[2]. Airway assessment : predictors of difficult airway Dr. Sunanda Gupta, Dr. Rajesh Sharma KR, Dr. Dimpel Jain . Indian J. Anaesth. 2005;49(4)
[3]. Predictive signs of difficult intubation Pierre Diemunsch, Thierry Pottecher
[4]. The simplified predictive intubation difficulty score : a new weighted score for difficult airway assessment : Joel L'Hermite, Emmanuel Nouvellon.

Abstract: Vitiligo is a depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes. Thyroid functional disorders and autoimmune thyroid diseases have been reported in association with vitiligo. This study was thus conducted to find out any association of vitiligo with thyroid dysfunction. Methodology: This study was conducted at the Dermatology Department of a teaching medical college. This case-control study included 100 new cases of various types of vitiligo and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Serum samples from both patients and controls were collected and assayed for triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti- TPO antibodies. Statistical comparisons were performed using Chi- square test.

[1] Huggins RH, Janusz CA, Schwartz RA. Vitiligo: A sign of systemic disease. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2006;72:68–71. [2] Schallreuter KU, Lemke R, Brandt O, Schwartz R, Westhofen M, Montz R, et al. Vitiligo and other diseases: Coexistence or true associationx? Hamburg study on 321 patients. Dermatology. 1994;188:269–75.

[3] Narita T, Oiso N, Fukai K, Kabashima K, Kawada A, Suzuki T. Generalized vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases in Japanese patients and their families. Allergol Int. 2011;60:505–8.

[4] Hegedus L, Heidenheim M, Gervil M, Hjalgrim H, Hoier-Madsen M: High frequency of thyroid dysfunction in patients with vitiligo.Acta Derm Venereol 1994, 74:120-3.

[5] Anstey AV. Disorders of skin colour. In: Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C, editors. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology. 8th ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. pp. 58.1–59

[6] Kovacs SO. Vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:647–66. 667

[7] Llambrich A, Mascaro JM. Vitiligo: Focussing on clinical associations with endocrine, hematological, neurological and infectious diseases. In: Lotti T, Hercogova J, editors. Vitiligo Problems and Solutions. 1st ed. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 2004. pp. 179–87

Abstract: Giant benign ovarian tumor of ovary are rare in modern world due to improved technologies and general awareness.We report a case of 60 year old menopausal women with a seven year history of increasing abdominal girth with associated vague abdominal pain.The diagnosis was made by history taking,clinical examination, labinvestigation,transabdominal ultrasound examination and by histopathological study of excised surgical specimen.The patient underwent laparotomy and total hysterectomy with b/lsalpingoovariotomy.Her postoperative course was unremarkable.

[1]. Kamel RM.A Massive Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenoma.A case report.ReprodBiolEndocrinol 2010;8-24.
[2]. NWobodoEI.Giant Mucinous Cystadenoma:casereport.Niger J ClinPract 2010:13:13-228[pubmed]
[3]. Scully RE,YoungRH,ClementPB.Tumors of the ovary,maldevelopedgonads,fallopian tube and broad ligament.In:atlas of tumor pathology.WashingtonDC:Armed Forces Institute Of Pathology,1998:fascicle 23,3rd series.
[4]. A Sebastian etal(2012) Giant Benign Mucinous Cystadenoma:A Case Report.Open Journal of Obst&Gynae 2012 ,2, 220-222.

Abstract: Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract is a rare but well-documented condition. It is usually misdiagnosed as a local skin lesion and maltreated by systemic antibiotics and/or endodontic intervention. This is because the primary etiology is incorrectly determined. We came across a 40-year-old patient who presented with a cutaneous lesion of dental etiology in the submandibular region with frequent purulent discharge which was not responding to systemic antibiotics and endodontic treatment. The case history, diagnosis and management of this condition using surgical intervention is presented here.

[1]. N Cohenca, S Karni, I Rotstein. Extraoral Sinus Tract Misdiagnosed as an Endodontic Lesion. J Endod 2003; 29 (12):841-843.
[2]. Am Association of Endodontists. Glossary of contemporary terminology for endodontics, 5th edn. Chicago: Am Asso of Endodo, 1994;22.
[3]. Johnson BR, Remeikis NA, Van Cura JE. Diagnosis and treatmentof cutaneous facial sinus tracts of dental origin. J Am Dent Assoc 1999;130:832–6.
[4]. E .Tidwell, JD. Jenkins, CD. Ellis, B. Hutson, RA. Cederberg. Cutaneous odontogenic sinus tract to the chin: a case report. IntEndod J. 1997; 30,:352–355.
[5]. Valderhaug J. A histologic study of experimentally produced intraoral odontogenic fistulae in monkeys. Int J Oral Surg 1973;2:54–61.

Abstract: Background and objective: Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a metabolic disorder leading to various microvascular and macrovascular complications. This study is intended to know the extent of impairment of lung function in diabetics among rural population around Bangalore. Methods: 100 patients with diabetes mellitus and 100 non diabetics from rural areas of bangalore were included in the study. Pulmonary function tests were performed using computerized spirometer and random blood sugar was estimated via glucometer.

[1]. SabitaRadhakrishna.Diabetes and you. The Hindu 2012 November 18; [2]. Available from:http://www.thehindu.com/health/rx/diabetes-and-you/article4105641.ece.Last accessed October 9, 2015.
[3]. Weynand B, Jonckheere A, Frans A, Rahier J. Diabetes mellitus induces a thickening of the pulmonary basal lamina. Respiration 1999;66(1):14-9.
[4]. Sinha S, Guleria R, Misra A, Pandey RM, Yadav R, Tiwari S. Pulmonary functions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus & correlation with anthropometry &microvascular complications. Indian J Med Res 2004 Feb;119:66-71.)
[5]. Kinney GL, Black-Shinn JL, Wan ES, Make B, Regan E, Lutz S, et al. Pulmonary Function Reduction in Diabetes With and Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Diabetes Care2014 February;37:389-95.

Abstract: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome is a group of very rare genetic disorders characterized by deficient activity of an enzyme lipoprotein lipase( LPL) or apo-protein C-II, resulting into severe fasting hypertriglyceridemia and massive accumulations of chylomicrons in plasma. LPL deficiency typically presents in childhood with failure to thrive, colicky abdominal pain, eruptive xanthomas, lipemia retinalis, and pancreatitis,hepatomegaly. It is Inherited as autosomal recessive disorder. Its estimated incidence is 1 in 10,00,000 population 1. We report a rare case of familial chylomicronemia in a 2.5 months old infant who was diagnosed after his plasma incidentally found to be milky. Lipid profile revealed familial chylomicronemia. The infant was started fat restricted diet and advised a regular follow up.

Keywords: Familial chylomicronemia , Lipemic plasma , Eruptive xanthoma

[1]. Mohandas MK, Jemila J, Ajith Krishnan AS, George TT. Familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72:181.
[2]. Sugandhan S, Khandpur S, Sharma VK. Familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2007; 24:323-5.
[3]. Mustafa G, Khan PA, Azam MK, Rabbani W, Ali Q. Hypertriglyceridemia in pediatrics: J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2003;13: 57-8.
[4]. E.M. da Cruz et al. (eds.), Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4619-3_55, # Springer-Verlag London 2014
[5]. Kota SK, Kota SK, Jammula S, Modi KD Familial chylomicronemia syndrome- an uncommon cause of acute pancreatitis with encephalopathy. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2012 Sep;31(5):277-9. doi: 10.1007/s12664-012-0261-6
[6]. Fojo SS. The familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am1998; 27:551-67.

Abstract: Introduction: Attenuation of intraoperative anxiety and stress always remains a challenge in the practice of anaesthesia. This study was designed to observe the effects of listening music during intraoperative period on patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Methods:This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted for a period of two years.100 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I–II scheduled to undergo orthopedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia were taken up for the study and were randomly divided into two equal groups. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of music on self-reported anxiety and hemodynamic parameters in the intraoperative phase in patients who underwent orthopaedic surgeryunder spinal anaesthesia. The Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VASA) was explained in details to the patients and was used to measure the preoperative (VASA-1) and postoperative anxiety (VASA-2), Patient satisfaction score (PSS), and haemodynamic parameters was recorded.

[1]. Mok E, Wong KY: Effects of music on patient anxiety: AORN Journal. 2003 Feb; 77(2):396-7, 401-6, 409-10.
[2]. Holmes CJ, Plichta JK, Gamelli RL, Radek KA : Dynamic role of host stress responses in modulating the cutaneous microbiome: implications for wound healing and infection: Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2015 Jan 1; 4(1):24-37.
[3]. Voss JoA, Good M, Yates B, et al: Sedative music reduces anxiety and pain during chair rest after open-heart surgery: Pain 2004;112:197–203.
[4]. Nilsson U, Rawal N, Unestahl LE, et al: Improved recovery after music and therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia:A double-blind randomized controlled trial: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45:812–817.
[5]. Chang EF, Bao S, Imaizumi K, Schreiner CE, Merzenich M: Development of spectral and temporal response selectivity in the auditory cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.2005 Nov 8; 102(45): 16460-5.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. The metabolic dysregulation associated with DM causes secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple organ systems that impose a tremendous burden on the individual with diabetes and on the health care system. Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to complications like macro- and micro vascular disorder such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy.

[1]. Liesegang TJ, Skuta GL, Cantor LB. Retina & Vitreous. 25th ed. USA: LEO Publication; 2004. [2]. Aiello LM, Cavallerano JD, Aiello LP, Bursell SE. Diabetic retinopathy. In: Guyer DR, Yannuzzi LA, Chang S, editors. Retina Vitreous Macula. 6th ed. USA: Saunders;1999. [3]. Benson WE, Tasman W, Duane TD. Duane's Clinical Ophthalmology. 1st ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 1994.
[4]. Crawford TN, Alfaro DV 3rd, Kerrison JB, Jablon EP. Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2009;5:8–13. [PubMed]
[5]. Camici PG, Crea F. Coronary microvascular dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:830–40. [PubMed]
[6]. Duran JR 3rd, Taffet G. Coronary microvascular dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2324–5. [PubMed]
[7]. Di Carli MF, Janisse J, Grunberger G, Ager J. Role of chronic hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1387–93. [PubMed]

Abstract: We sought to determine the benefits of using alkalinized lignocaine to fill the cuff of an endotracheal tube to prevent post intubation sore throat and emergence phenomena. Aim: To study between use of intracuff alkalinized lignocaine, intracuff plain lignocaine and intracuff air for decreasing post intubation sore throat and emergence phenomena during endotracheal intubations.

[1]. Klainer AS, Turndorf H, Wu HW, Maewal H, Allender P. Surface alterations due to endotracheal intubation. Am J Med. 1975;58(5):674-83
[2]. Combes X, Schauvliege F, Peyrouset O, Motamed C, Kirov K, Dhonneur G, Duvaldestin P. Intracuff pressure and tracheal morbidity: infl uence of filling with saline during nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2001;95(5):1120-4.
[3]. Martins RHG, Braz JRC, Bretan O, Figueiredo PR, Defaveri J. Lesões precoces da intubação endotraqueal. [Early injuries of the endotracheal intubation]. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol. 1995;61(5):343-8.
[4]. Berlauk JF. Prolonged endotracheal intubation vs. tracheostomy. Crit Care Med. 1986;14(8):742-5.
[5]. Stauffer JL, Olson DE, Petty TL. Complications and consequences of endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. A prospective study of 150 critically ill adult patients. Am J Med. 1981;70(1):65-76.
[6]. Nordin U. The trachea and cuff-induced tracheal injury. An experimental study on causative factors and prevention. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1977;345:1-71.

Abstract: Attenuation of pressor response during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia with i.v. magnesium sulphate (20mg/kg) (vs) i.v. lignocaine (1.5mg/kg) Aim: A comparative study to evaluate the attenuation of pressor response during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia with i.v. magnesium sulphate (20mg/kg) (vs) i.v. lignocaine (1.5mg/kg). Methods: After obtaining institutional ethical committee approval and informed consent, 50 people belonging to both sexes of ASA grade I / II aged 18 yrs - 50yrs were randomly allocated into 2 groups, Group 1 and Group2 of 25 each.

[1]. James MF, Beer RE, Esser JD. I.V. Mgso4 inhibits catecholamine release associated with tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia Analgesia. June 1989; 68(6): 772-6.
[2]. Academic emergency medicine vol. 8 issue 1.july 2000
[3]. Can J. Anaesth 2003/50:7/Pg. 732-746.
[4]. G.D.Puri, K.S, Marudhachalam, P Chari and RK. Suri. The effect of Mgso4 on hemodynamics and its efficacy in attenuating the response to endotracheal intubations in patient with CAD. Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 1998; vol 87: 808-11.
[5]. Journal of Research in Medical Sicences 2005; 10(2): 82-86

Abstract: Aims: To investigate the relation of 1) S-IgA levels in saliva with tongue coating 2) S-IgA levels in saliva with oral malodour, in patients with health, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Materials and method: 90 systemically healthy subjects aged 18-60 years were included in this study. They were grouped into three groups after clinical examination. Each group comprised of 30 subjects. Group I- Healthy subjects, Group II- Subjects with Gingivitis, Group III – Subjects with severe chronic periodontitis. Modified Gingival Index, Plaque Index and the Russel's Periodontal index were recorded for all subjects. Tongue coating was scored as per the scoring criteria described by Kojima et al, 1985. A simplification of the Organoleptic assessment scale by Rosenberg and McCulloch (1992) was used for grading oral malodour. 2ml of unstimulated saliva was collected from all 90 subjects into sterile ependoff tubes for estimation of secretory IgA levels using ELISA procedure.

[1]. Sterer N, Rosenberg M. Breath Odours- Origin, Diagnosis and Management, 2011. 1
[2]. Hinode D, Fukui M, Yokoyama N, Yokoyama M, Yoshioka M, Nakamura K. Relationship between tongue coating and secretory immunoglobulin A level in saliva obtained from patients complaining of oral malodour. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30:1017-1023. -2
[3]. Jemmott JB, Boryensko JZ, Boryensko M, McClelland C, Chapman R, Meyer D. Academic stress, power motivation and decrease in secretion rate of salivary immunoglobulin A. Lancet 1983;i:1400-1402. 3
[4]. Kojima K. Clinical studies on the coated tongue. Japnese Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1985;31:1659-1676. 4
[5]. Wiebe CB, Putnins EE. The Periodontal Disease Classification System of American Academy of Periodontology - An update. J Can Dent Assoc 2000;66:594-597. 5
[6]. LobeneRR, Weatherford T, Ross NM, Lamm RA, Minaker L. A modified gingival index for use in clinical trials. J Clin Prev Dent 1986;8(1):3-6. 6

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to find correlations between lateral cephalometric measurements and photographic measurements of facial attractiveness in a group of Egyptian adolescents.
Materials and methods: Sixty adolescent laypersons judges (30 males – 30 females) participated in the evaluation of the pre-treatment photographs of 60 adolescent subjects (30 females – 30 males) for facial attractiveness. For each sample, the photographic rankings were correlated with the values of 19 skeletal, dental and soft tissue parameters measured from lateral cephalograms

[1]. Abd-Elmageed HM. A cephalometric study of the soft-tissue profile in relation to the hard-tissue in a group of Egyptian adults. MSc Thesis, Orthodontic department, Faculty of Oral and Dental medicine, Cairo Univ. 1989.
[2]. Alwin D. Feeling Thermometers Versus 7-Point Scales: Which Are Better? Sociol Method Res 1997;25:318-340.
[3]. Arnett GW, Jelic JS, Kim J, Cummings DR, Beress A, Worley CM, Bill C and Bergman R. Soft tissue cephalometric analysis: Diagnosis and treatment planning of dentofacial deformity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:239-253.
[4]. Bashour M. An objective system for measuring facial attractiveness. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118:757-774.
[5]. Biddle J and Hamermesh D. Beauty, Productivity and Discrimination: Lawyers' Looks and Lucre. J Labor Econ 1998;16:172-201.
[6]. Birkeland K, Katle A, Lovgreen S, Boe OE and Wisth PJ. Factors influencing the decision about orthodontic treatment. A longitudinal study among 11- and 15-year-olds and their parents. J Orofac Orthop. 1999;60:292-307.

Abstract: Purpose/Objectives: Female and under-represented racial and ethnic minority (URM) dental faculty are disproportionate to the gender, racial, and ethnic composition of the nation, despite trainees' and patients' preference for concordant faculty and providers. Although dental students represent a pipeline of potential faculty, little is known about their interest in academia. The purpose of this study was to determine if interest in academia, and facilitators and barriers in pursuing academia differed by gender, race, and ethnicity among a sample of dental students at one dental school located in the southeastern United States.

[1]. Andersen RM, Carreon DC, Friedman JA, Baumeister SE, Afifi AA, Nakazono TT, et al. What enhances underrepresented minority recruitment to dental schools? J Dent Educ. 2007;71(8):994-1008.
[2]. American Dental Education Association. Survey of dental school faculty, 2008-2014.
[3]. Sánchez JP, et al. Racial and ethnic minority medical students' perceptions of and interest in careers in academic medicine. Acad Med 2013; 88(9):1299-1307. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31829f87a7.
[4]. Okwuje I, Anderson E, Valachovic R. Annual ADEA survey of dental school seniors: 2008 graduating class (Table 21). J Dent Educ 2009; 73(8):1009-1032.
[5]. Froeschle ML, Sinkford JC. Full-time dental faculty perceptions of satisfaction with the academic work environment. J Dent Educ 2009; 73(10):1153-1170.
[6]. McAndrews M, Brunson WD, Kamboj K. Surveys of US dental school programs that help students consider academic careers. J Dent Ed 2011; 75(11):1458-1464.
[7]. Schenkein HA, Best AM. Factors considered by new faculty in their decision to choose careers in academic dentistry. J Dent Educ 2001; 65(9):832-840.

Abstract: Objective: Acute scrotal pain and swelling are common reasons for emergency room visits in men of all age. Differentiating etiologies that require immediate surgical intervention from those that can be treated medically is often challenging, as testicular viability is main concern. Aim is to study the various etiologies, clinical presentations, differential diagnosis, ultrasound and colour doppler role in diagnosis, and management modalities of acute scrotum with use of investigations.

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Abstract: Conventional clinical and radiographical methods of periodontal diagnosis are only capable of retrospective diagnosis of attachment and bone loss. These are unable to either detect or predict periodontal disease activity (PDA). For these reasons a large proportion of recent periodontal research has been concerned with finding and testing potential markers of PDA. The existence of gingival crevice fluid (GCF), which emerges between the surface of the tooth and the epithelial integument, has been recognized for over 100years. Since it can be easily collected and contains locally and systemically derived markers of periodontal disease, they may offer the basis for a patient-specific biomarker assessment for periodontitis and other systemic diseases. This article reviews the various biomarkers in GCF used for assessing periodontal disease activity. Keywords: Biomarkers, Exudate, GCF.

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Abstract: The mandibular second premolar is one of the most frequently impacted teeth. The recommended treatment is to extract the second primary molar with or without removing the bone along the eruption path, to uncover the tooth surgically and move it into the arch by orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the principles of case management of soft tissue impacted second premolars mandibular and to illustrate their potential to respond well to the treatment. Although the scope of treatment may depend on a varying range of factors, this case report demonstrates the inherent potential for good treatment outcome in cases of soft tissue impactions.

Keywords: Mandibular Premolar ; Unerupted Tooth; Submerged tooth

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