iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2016

Abstract: Presence of disability among new leprosy patients reflects the efficiency of case detection machinery of that area, therefore it reflects the progress in leprosy control programme. Knowledge of the risk factors for disability among new leprosy patients are essential for prevention of disability and rehabilitation services. Objectives: To study the prevalence of severity, site and nature of disability alongwith association of some clinico-social determinants. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 244 new leprosy patients attending a rural teaching hospital situated in an endemic district of West Bengal by observation and clinical evaluation. Data were analysed by univariate and binary logistic regression

Keywords: New leprosy patients, Disability, Type of leprosy, Registration Delay.

[1]. de Stigter DH, de Geus L, Heynders ML. Leprosy: between acceptance and segregation. Community behaviour towards persons affected by leprosy in eastern Nepal. Lepr Rev. 2000 Dec;71(4):492-8.
[2]. Withington SG, Joha S, Baird D, Brink M, Brink J. Assessing socio-economic factors in relation to stigmatization, impairment status and selection for socio-economic rehabilitation: A 1 year cohort of new leprosy cases in North Bangladesh. Lepr Rev 2003;74:120-32.
[3]. Weekly Epidemiological record 2015;90:461-76. [last accessed on 8th August,2016] .
[4]. Govt. of India(2014), National Leprosy Eradication Programme. Progress Report for the year 2014- 15,Dept. of Deputy Director General Leprosy, DGHS, New Delhi, internet report [last accessed on 8th August,2016] .
[5]. Albert CJ, Smith WC, Meima A, Wang L, Richardus JH. Potential effect of the World Health Organization's 2011-2015 global leprosy strategy on the prevalence of grade 2 disability: A trend analysis.Bull World Health Organ 2011;89:487-95.

Abstract:Thyroid Carcinoma is a fascinating tumour because of tremendous variations in tumour aggressiveness. Recent reports however indicate a 50% increase in the incidence of disease and this increase is probably the result of irradiation related thyroid disease and better investigatory procedures. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the Role of any specific etiology factor in the development of carcinoma of thyroid and to study malignant neoplasms of thyroid and analyse the clinical presentations, to evaluate a suitable therapeutic approach for treatment of thyroid cancer, role of neck dissection for treating nodal metastasis, role of suppressive treatment with thyroxine in suppressing the TSH and Histological correlation with clinical activity during follow up.

Keywords: TSH, FNAC, DTC – Thyroid Stimulating harmone, Fine needle aspiration and Cytology, Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

[1]. Cohon JB., Kaliyak JR., McDougall IR. Modern Management in DTC) – Cancer BiotherPadiopharm 2003 Oct., pp.689-705.
[2]. Shah AR., Ferlito A., Renold A. Otorhinlarygal relations Sep. 2001 – July-August.
[3]. Kebeberr E., Clark OH. World J. Sugary 2000 1942-51. Differentiate Hospital Caner "complete" Rational approach.
[4]. Kin DS., MC Cab. Clinical Otolarygeal 2003 Oct. pp.386-395
[5]. Lips P. Comans EF., Van Mourik – Netherland J. Med. 2000 Oct., pp.150-156.

Abstract: The study of the profile of medicolegal cases is to draw public attention and awareness towards the casualties. The study is important to prevent these unnatural deaths, thus reducing incidence of these cases. The observation of the study was done from August 2014 to July 2015 in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand. This was done to analyze the magnitude and pattern of medicolegal cases in this region. This type of study has not been conducted in Ranchi since the creation of the state on 15th November 2000. Our study revealed that road traffic accidents (39.14%) constituted the majority of medicolegal cases out of total 368, followed by burns and diseased cases(12.5%) and (8.70%) respectively. The study show male (70.4%) cases are more prone to unnatural deaths than females (29.6%). People of age group 21-30 years (28.26%) are most affected group. Majority of cases reported were in the month of August.

Keywords: medicolegal cases, road traffic accidents, unnatural deaths.

[1]. Dogra TD, Rudra A. Lyon‟s Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology. 11th Ed. Delhi Law House. 2007:367.
[2]. Justice YV Chandrachud and VR Manohar. The Indian Penal Code. 31st Enlarged Ed. Wadhwa and Company Nagpur. 2006:228.
[3]. Singh Y.N., Bairagi KK and Das KC. An Epidemiological Study of Road Traffic Accident Victims in Medicolegal Autopsies.
JIAFM. 2005; 27(3): 166-169.
[4]. Singh D et al. Spectrum of Unnatural Fatalities in The Chandigarh Zone of North-West India – A 25 Year Autopsy Study from A
Tertiary Care Hospital. Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine. 2003; 10 (3): 145-152.
[5]. Salgado MSL, Colombage SM. Analysis of fatalities in road accidents. Forensic Sci Int. 1998; 36: 91-6.

Abstract: Depression is a common mental disorder and severe depression can lead to suicide. Depression is accounting for large morbidity and mortality within the elderly section of the society. This community based cross sectional study was done among 100 elderly people in Madhupur, Field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Tripura Medical College & Dr BRAM Teaching Hospital, Tripura, to assess the magnitude of depression and to find out factors associated with depression. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 100 household. Short form of Geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) was used to measure depression level. The prevalence of the depression among elderly population by using geriatric depression scale - 15 was found to be 78%. Among them, 89.74% were suffering from severe depression and remaining 10.26% were suffering mild depression. A significant statistical association has been observed between depression and age of the participants (p value 0.00), and marital status (p value 0.04)..

Keywords:Elderly People, Depression, Tripura

[1] The World Health Organization. Depression. Available from: http://www.who.int/topics/depression/en/ [Last cited on 2015 Oct10].
[2] The World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/[Last cited on 2015 Oct10].
[3] Blazer.G.D. Depression in Late Life: Review and Commentary. Available from: http://biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/58/3/M249.full.pdf+html?sid=82a28c1-7a91-4e42-947c-5d934df9d2e5 (accessed 24 July 15)._
[4] Randel Judith Eds, German Tony, Ewing Deborah. The Ageing & Development Report 1999: Poverty, Independence & the World's Older People. Earthscan Publications Ltd; 1999.

Abstract: Diabetic foot complications remain major medical, social, economic problems that are seen in all types if diabetes in every countryhowever, the reported frequencies of amputation and ulceration vary considerably as a consequence of different diagnostic criteria used. Aim: To study the etiology, presentation, and the management ofdiabetic foot ulcersto study the prognostic factors of diabetic foot in relation to plan of treatment.To increase the meagre awareness of diabetic foot problems.To understand the role of various factors involved in the complications arising out of diabetic foot and ascertain their role in the prognosis in relation to the plan of treatment.To reduce the risk of lower limb complications in people with diabetes.To empower diabetics in better foot care, early problem detection and in seeking timely help..........

[1]. Abott CA et al: Risk factors for new diabetic foot lesions.Diabet Med 2002; 19;377 – 384
[2]. Aetiology of Diabetic Foot Ulceration: A Role for the Microcirculation?Dr M.D. Flynn et al
[3]. Andrea L.Christman et al: Hemoglobin A1c is a predictor of healing rate in diabetic wounds :J Invest Dermatol 2011 October ; 131(10); 2121-2127
[4]. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Nixon BP, Boulton AJ. It's not what you put on but what you take off: Techniques for debriding and off – loading the diabetic foot wound. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:S92–9. [PubMed]
[5]. Armstrong DG, Nguyen HC, Lavery LA, van Schie CH, Boulton AJ, Harkless LB. Off – loading the diabetic foot wound. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:1019–22. [PubMed]

Abstract: Context: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative clinical efficacies of commonly used Ophthalmic NSAIDs following Small Incision Cataract Surgery with foldable PCIOL Implantation in an Indian setting, specially looking at the intra-operative pupil size, post -operative pain, discomfort, foreign body sensation and anterior chamber inflammatory cells ,flare grading and post-operative macular thickness changes...........

Keywords: macular thickness,Nepafenac, ocular NSAID,SOIS

[1]. Cloin J . The role of NSAIDs in the management of postoperative opthalmic inflammation. Drugs , 2007; 67 (9) :1291-308.
[2]. Lobo CL , et al. Macular alteration after small incision cataract surgery , J. Cataract Refract surgery 2004;30 (4) : 752 – 760.
[3]. Walters T in Vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro pharmacodynamics of nepefenac , amfenac, ketorolac, and bromfenac. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007 ; 33: 1539- 1545

[4]. Perente I, et al . Evaluation of macula after uncomplicated phacoemulsification by OCT . Curr Eye Res 2007; 32 (3) :241- 247.
[5]. Nardi M , Lobo C, Bereczki A , et al; . Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of nepafenac 0.1% for cataract surgery. Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland , NZ ) 2007; 1 (4) :527 – 533

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common diagnosed malignancy in India, it ranks second to cervical cancer. The burden of breast cancer is increasing in both developed and developing countries; the peak occurrence of breast cancer in developed countries is above the age of 50 years whereas in India it is above the age of 40 years Aim: To Analyse the incidence of age, stage at presentation and the modality of treatment given and hormone receptor status. It is a retrospective analysis of case sheets of women with breast cancer admitted from January 2015 to December 2015. About 76 patients were included in this study, with information of age, stage on presentation, its pathological information, treatment provided like operative management, hormonal therapy, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotheraphy, and immunohistochemistry of biopsy specimen...........

Keywords: Breast cancer, site of breast lump, immunohistochemical studies, operative management, chemotherapy.

[1]. Population based cancer registries consolidated report (1990-96) [Last accessed on 2010 Oct 31].
[2]. L. Drazan, J. Vesely, P. Hyza et al., ―Bilateral breast reconstruction with DIEP flaps: 4 years' experience,‖ Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 1309–1315, 2008.
[3]. A. E. Isern, I. Tengrup, N. Loman, H. Olsson, and A. Ringberg, ―Aesthetic outcome, patient satisfaction, and health-related quality of life in women at high risk undergoing prophylactic mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction,‖ Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 1177–1187, 2008.
[4]. M. H. Frost, T. L. Hoskin, L. C. Hartmann, A. C. Degnim, J. L. Johnson, and J. C. Boughey, ―Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy: long-term consistency of satisfaction and adverse effects and the significance of informed decision-making, quality of life, and personality traits,‖ Annals of Surgical Oncology, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 3110–3116, 2011.

Abstract: Background: Bronchiolitis is one of the most common lower respiratory infections in infants. There is a wide variation in treatment of bronchiolitis in different institutions and hence there is a need for standardization of existing modalities of treatment. Aims:- To compare the efficacy of nebulised L- adrenaline versus salbutamol in infants admitted with bronchiolitis. Settings and Design:- Tertiary care hospital. Randomized double blind case control trial..........

Keywords: Nebulized l-adrenaline, nebulized salbutamol, acute bronchiolitis.

[1]. American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis. Diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2006;118:1774-93.
[2]. Hanson IC, Shearer WT. Bronchiolitis. In: McMillan JA, Feigin RD, DeAngelis C, Jones MD, eds. Oski's Pediatrics: Principles and Practice, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. p.1391.
[3]. Deshpande SA, Northern V. The clinical and health economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus among children under two years of age in a defined geographical area. Arch Dis child 2003; 88 (12) :1065-9.
[4]. Pelletier AJ, Mansbach JM, Camargo CA Jr . Direct medical costs of bronchiolitis hospitalizations in the United States. Pediatrics. 2006 ; 118(6):2418-23.
[5]. Bronchiolitis in children- a national clinical guideline Nov 2006 1.1 Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. , ISBN 1 (10) 905813 01 5, ISBN (13) 978 1 905813 01.

Abstract: Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death after 24 weeks of gestation,[1] but a baby greater than any combination of 16, 20, 22, 24, or 28 weeks gestational age and 350g, 400g, 500g, or 1000g birth weight may be considered stillborn depending on local law.[2] To allow comparison, the World Health Organization recommends that any baby born without signs of life at greater than or equal to 28 weeks' gestation be classified as a stillbirth.[3] Once the baby has died, the mother may or may not have contractions and undergo childbirth or in some cases, a Caesarean section. Most stillbirths occur in full-term pregnancies. The cause is often unknown.[1] The average stillbirth rate in the United States is approximately 1 in 160 births, which is roughly 26,000 stillbirths each year. In Australia, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the rate is approximately 1 in every 200 births; in Scotland, 1 in 167...........

[1]. The vast majority of stillbirths worldwide (98%) happen in low and middle-income countries, where medical care can be of low quality or unavailable. Reliable estimates calculate that yearly about 2.6 million stillbirths occur worldwide during the third trimester.[6] Robinson, GE (January 2014). "Pregnancy loss.". Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology. 28 (1): 169–78. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.012.PMID 24047642.

[2]. Jump up^ Nguyen RH, Wilcox AJ (December 2005). "Terms in reproductive and perinatal epidemiology: 2. Perinatal terms". J Epidemiol Community Health. 59 (12): 1019–21.doi:10.1136/jech.2004.023465. PMC 1732966. PMID 16286486. There is probably no health outcome with a greater number of conflicting, authoritative, legally mandated definitions. The basic WHO definition of fetal death is the intrauterine death of any conceptus at any time during pregnancy. However, for practical purposes, legal definitions usually require recorded fetal deaths to attain some gestational age (16, 20, 22, 24, or 28 weeks) or birth weight (350, 400, 500, or 1000 g). In the US states, there are eight different definitions by combinations of gestational age and weight, and at least as many in Europe.

[3]. Jump up^ "Stillbirths". World Health Organization. Retrieved 2016-09-29.

[4]. Jump up^ Collins JH (February 2002). "Umbilical cord accidents: human studies". Semin. Perinatol.26 (1): 79–82. doi:10.1053/sper.2002.29860. PMID 11876571.

[5]. Jump up^ Cacciatore, J. (2007). A phenomenological exploration of stillbirth and the effects of ritualization on maternal anxiety and depression, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Press, Digital Commons ; Froen, J.F. (2005).

Abstract: Earlier, materials which were used in dentistry were passive and inert. Later the application of smart materials started with magnetostrictive technologies. These materials are also known as "Responsive Materials". These materials are able to be altered by different stimuli such as pH, Temperature, Moisture etc. Smart behaviour of these biosmart materials hold a good promise to the future of dentistry.

Keywords: Active Smart Materials, Biomimetic, Bioresponsive, Fluoride Release, Passive Smart Materials

[1]. Yeli M, Kidiyoor KH, Nain B, Kumar P. Recent advances in composite resins - A review. J Oral Res Rev 2010;2:8-14
[2]. Joyee JL, Cook CN. Packable resin composites. Ann Essences Dent Clin Update 2003;25:19-21.
[3]. Cohen R. The expanded use of improved fl owable composite. Dent Town 2008;64:25-35
[4]. Attar N, Tam LE, McComb D. Flow, strength, stiffness and radiopacity of fl owable resin composites. J Can Dent Assoc 2003;69:516-21.
[5]. Nandini S. Indirect resin composites. J Conserv Dent 2010;13:184-94.

Abstract: Female genital tuberculosis is an important cause of infertility in developing countries like India. Due to paucibacillary nature of genital tuberculosis, the routine diagnostic modalities do not remain conclusive; need much sensitive procedure like PCR for diagnosis. Therefore, we have planned to investigate the role of PCR in various genital specimens like endometrial aspirate (EA), endometrial biopsy (EB), and menstrual blood (MB). Total 200 patients with complaint of infertility and menstrual irregularities were enrolled. All the specimens were collected as per standard protocol and processed accordingly...........

Keywords: Genital tuberculosis, pcr, menstrual blood, endometrial aspirate, endometrial biopsy

[1]. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control; surveillance, planning, financing. WHO/HTM/TB/2006.362. WHO report
2006. Geneva, Switzerland, 2006
[2]. A. M. Dannenberg Jr., P. J. Converse. Pathophysiology and Immunology. In: Schlossberg D (ed). Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous
Mycobacterial Infections, 6th edn. Washington DC: ASM Press, 2011,29–650
[3]. A. C. C. Ikeme, H. U. Ezegwui. Histological analysis of endometrial curettings performed for infertility in Nigeria. J Obstet
Gynaecol, 24, 2004, 914-915.
[4]. N. Rajamaheshwari (2009) Pelvic tuberculosis. Ind. J. Med. Microbio 27(4): 361– 363.

[5]. D.G. Muir, M.A. Belsey. Pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences in the developing world. Am J Obstet Gynecol 138,
1980, 913.

Abstract: Most cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) not cardiogenic, commonly known as strokes, may be caused by atherosclerosis which mainly involves the common carotid arteries, internal and external. On account of this, the atheroma represents an increase in risk in coronary artery diseases. The atherosclerosis is a disease of multifactorial origin having various presumed causes, the atheroma being a calcified mass in the inner part of the arteries. Beside routine examinations for the study of atherosclerosis, the use of panoramic radiographs as complimentary examinations in dental practice allow dental surgeons to identify such mineralized mass located in the region just below the gonion of the jaw. Thus, the individual could be warned of their susceptibility to cerebral vascular diseases in routine dental examinations, as long as the panoramic radiograph is interpreted with almost care, especially if the patient has hypertension, diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol level and obesity, or also has a sedentary life and/or a tobaccoism habit

...............

Abstract: Vertebral column have very important role in weight transmission and to maintain posture of our body. Stress and strain of vertebral column are increasing from above downward. Lumbosacral region have more stress and strain and low back pain is very common in this region. Low back pain is also associated with sacralization of fifth lumber vertebra (2). Sacralization is congenital condition in which the fifth lumber vertebra fuses completely or partially with sacrum on either or both sides. Sacralization may be at times associated with problems in biomechanics and affect the way of movement and posture control...........

Keywords: Sacralization, Low back pain, Radicular pain, Disc prolapse.

[1]. Standring S, Gray's Anatomy, The anatomical basis of clinical practice.40th Ed .London, U.K, page .no 724-728.
[2]. Bertolotti M. (1917). Contributo alla conoscenza dei vizi di differenziazione regionale del rachide con speciale riguardo all'assimilazione sacrale della V lombare. Radiol. Med. 4: 113-144.
[3]. Magora A, Schwartz A. Relation between the low back pain syndrome and X-ray findings. Transitional vertebra (mainly sacralization) Scan J Rehabil Med 1978, 10: 135-45
[4]. Castellvi AE, Goldstein LA, Chan DPK: Lumbosacral transitional vertebra and their relationship with lumbar extadural defects. Spine 1983, 9:493–495
[5]. Tini P. G., Wieser C., Zinn W. M. (1977). The transitional vertebra of the Lumbosacral spine: its radiological classification, incidence, prevalence and clinical significance. Rheumatol. Rehabil. 16: 180-185.

Abstract: Aim : Aim of the study is to analyse the Spectrum of pathological lesion in superficial lymph node biopsy and to Correlate with age, sex and various sites of lymph node biopsy. Materials and Methods: The prospective study conducted from August 2014 to July 2016 in Sardar Patel medical college, Bikaner, Rajasthan. The study included 120 cases of superficial lymph node biopsies received in the pathology department. Results: Out of 120 superficial lymph node biopsies received 95(79.17%) were from cervical region followed by, axillary lymph nodes in 22 cases (18.33%) and 3(2.5%) were from Inguinal region with male predominance affecting all age
groups. Most common condition involving the lymph node was found to be tuberculosis followed by neoplastic lymphadenopathy. Conclusion- tuberculosis..........

Keywords: Biopsy, superficial lymph nodes, pathologic lesions, tuberculosis.

[1] Henry PH, Longo DL. Enlargement of lymphnodes and spleen. In: Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL
(eds). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 16th ed. Mc Graw-Hill: New York; 2005: 343-8.
[2] Nadira Majid, MA Samad Talukder, Syed Mukarram Ali . Histodemography of Lymphadenopathy. Delta Med Col J. Jan 2013;1(1):8-12
[3] Alladimohan, M. Kumaraswamy Reddy,B. V. Phaneendra, Abha Chandra: Aetiology of peripheral lymphadenopathy in adults: Analysis of
1724 cases at a tertiary care teaching hospital in southern India. The national medical journal of india vol. 20(2), 2007.78-80.
[4] Roy A, Kar R, Basu D, Badhe BA. Spectrum of histopathologic diagnosis of lymph node biopsies: A descriptive study from a tertiary care
center in South India over 5½ years. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2013;56:103-8.
[5] Panchal Jaimin and Pushpalatha Pai , Spectrum of pathologic lesions in superficial lymph node biopsies –A one and half year study, IJBAR;
2014; 05: 09.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence of elongated styloid process and determine the average length and width of styloid process. The present study was carried out on 70 dry human skulls of unknown age and sex, collected from the anthropology lab of anatomy department of King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP. The length and width of styloid process on both right and left sides was measured by digital verniercaliper. The length of smallest styloid process was 11.85 mm on the left side while 12.15 mm on right side. The longest styloid process was 30.00mm on the left side whereas 29.85mm on the right side.The mean length of styloid process on left side was 22.89..........

Keywords:Skull, Elongated styloid process, Temporal bone, Eagle's syndrome.

[1]. Standring S. In Gay'sAnatomy:The Anatomical basis of clinical practice. External and middle ear. 41st Ed.Elsevier,Churchill
Livingstone, Edinburgh, London. 2016;626.
[2]. Eagle WW. The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the elongated styloid process. Am Surg. 1962; 28:1.
[3]. KeurIJ,CampbellJP,McCarthy JF, Ralph WJ. The clinical Significance of the elongated styloid process.
[4]. Oral Surg,OralMed,OralPathol. 1986; 61:399-404
[5]. Strauss M, Zohar Y, Laurian N. Elongated styloid process syndrome: intraoral versus external approach for styloid surgery.
Laryngoscope. 1985;95(8):97679.
[6]. Camarda AJ, Deschamps C, Forest D. Stylohyoid chain ossification: a discussion of etiology. Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral.
Pathol. 1989; 67:508–514.

Abstract: According to recent MCI guidelines internal assessment has become crucial in deciding whether the student would be eligible to appear in professional exam or not. In our setup internal assessment consists of several viva voce exams spread throughout the course and a terminal exam consisting of written and oral sections. Our concern rose when we observed consistently poor performance in theory section of terminal exam. Poor grades in theory were adversely affecting the overall internal assessment .Lack of exposure to any written test during day to day exam probably could have been the reason for it, so, we introduced few written exams. Pattern of continuous internal assessment plays vital role in deciding learning strategies of students. Feedback of performance during day to day exam help student to improve on his weaker areas by developing proper plan for the same before final exams...........

Keywords: Anatomy, Internal assessment, Theory, Terminal exam, Written test

[1]. Medical Council of India. Guidelines on Graduate Medical Education. New Delhi, 1997.
[2]. Singh T, Singh D &Natu MV. A suggested model for internal assessment as per MCI guidelines on graduate medical education, 1997. Indian Pediatrics. 1998; 35: 345-347.
[3]. Everson H & Millsap R. Isolating gender differences in test anxiety: confirmatory factor analysis of the Test Anxiety Inventory. Educational & Psychological Measurement. 1991; 51: 243-251.
[4]. Zeidner M. Test Anxiety: The State of the Art. New York: Plenum Press, 1998.
[5]. AnisaTriphoni, Shahini M. How does exam anxiety affect performance of university students? Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2011; 2(2): 93-100

Abstract: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute onset, usually monophasic immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Etiology remains unclear but pathophysiology includes demyelination of spinal nerve roots. A patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome complicated by p-ANCA positivity is reported, who responded favourably to the Ayurvedic modalities with adequate vitamin supplements with no clinical or biochemical side effects.It helps to treat the immune attack on the nerve cells of the peripheral nervous system and their support structures leads to activation of a group of blood proteins in GBS with remyelination of nerve cells...........

Keywords : Guillain–Barré syndrome; Ayurvedic modalities; demyelination; p-ANCA

[1]. Ropper AH. The Guillain-Barré syndrome. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1130–6.
[2]. Rostami AM. Guillain-Barré syndrome: clinical and immunological aspects. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1995;17:29–42.
[3]. McGrogan A, Madle GC, Seaman HE, de Vries CS. The epidemiology of Guillain-Barre syndrome worldwide, A systematic
literature review. Neuroepidemiology 2009; 32:150-63. Epub 2008 Dec 17.
[4]. Asbury AK. Diagnostic considerations in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Ann Neurol 1981;9(suppl):1–5.
[5]. Mendell JR. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy. Annual Review Medicine 1993; 44:211-219.
[6]. Kraft GH, Freal MS, Coryell JK. Disability, disease duration and rehabilitation service needs in multiple sclerosis: patient
perspectives. Arch Phys Med Rehab, 1986; 67:164.

Abstract: The employment of dental principles to legal issues in the interest of justice is termed Forensic Odontology. Sex determination is a branch of Forensic Odontology and it is the first step leading to human positive identification, hence very important. Sex determination can be a challenging task to forensic investigators, especially in cases of mishaps, chemical and nuclear bomb explosions and where only fragments of the body are recovered. This article aims to review the different methods available for sex determination.

Keywords: Forensic odontology, dental tissues, sex determination

[1]. C. Monali, P. Pritam ,M. Tapan,D. Kajal. Gender Determination: A View of Forensic Odontologist. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 2011; 4:4
[2]. R. S. Narang, A. S. Manchanda, R. Malhotra, H. S. Bhatia. Sex determination by mandibular canine index and molar odontometrics: A comparative study. Indian Journal of Oral Sciences. 2014; 5:1 DOI: 10.4103/0976-6944.129944
[3]. K. Ramakrishnan, S. Sharma, C. Sreeja, D. B. Pratima, I. Aesha, B. Vijayabanu. Sex determination in forensic odontology: A review. J Pharm BioallSci 2015;7:S398-402.
[4]. R. Sidhu, S. Chandra, P. Devi, N. Taneja, K. Sah, N. Kaur. Forensic importance of maxillary sinus in gender determination: A morphometric analysis from Western Utter Pradesh, India. European J of General Dentistry. 2014; 3:1
[5]. C. Saikiran, T. Khaitan, P. Ramaswamy, S. Sudhakar, B. Smitha, G. Uday. Role of mandibular canines in establishment of gender. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences (2014) 4, 71–74.

Abstract: Women inflicted with breast cancer undergoing treatment are subjected to a considerable amount of psychological and emotional distress. Most, if not all, are psychologically and physiologically affected during initial stages ofallopathictreatment. Evidence shows that mind-body therapies such as deep-breathing exercises, meditation, relaxation, Qigong, Tai Chi, Yoga and shiatsu are relatively safe to practice as complementary medicine. This review article looks at intervention of yoga as a meditative movement practice in helping breast cancer patients cope with their illness. This practice includes simple movements or postures in meditative states with a focus on breath and mind in order to achieve deep states of relaxation. The findings of this review reveal that the practice of this meditative movement has brought about significant improvement in managing pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, insomnia, anxiety..........

Keywords: breast cancer, meditation, quality of life, yoga intervention
This review paper was presented at the Integrative Medicine Meeting (IMM) conference which took place 19-22 September 2016 in Rosenfeld, Germany.

[1]. Jemal, A., Siegel, R, Ward, E., Hao, Y., Xu, J., and Thun, M.J., Cancer statistics 2009, Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 59(4), 2009,
225-249.
[2]. Colditz, G. A. andBohlke, K., Preventing breast cancer now by acting on what we alreadyknow, Nature Partner Journals - Breast
Cancer, 1, 2015, 1-4. doi: 10.1038/npjbcncer.2015.9.
[3]. Oeffinger, K.C., Fontham, E.T.H., Etzioni, R., Herzig, A., Michaelson, J.S., Shih, Y-C. T.,…Wender, R., Breast cancer screening
for women at average risk: 2015 guideline update from the American Cancer Society, JAMA, 314(15), 2015, 1599-1614. doi:
10.1001/jama.2015.12783.
[4]. National Cancer Institute, National cancer institute at the national institutes of health, 2014, www.cancer.gov/about-nci.
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Abstract: This case report describes extraction of a fractured left maxillary lateral incisor tooth, followed by immediate placement of a dental implant in the prepared socket and temporization by a bonded restoration. Materials And Methods: The tooth was extracted with minimal hard and soft tissue trauma and without flap reflection. The socket was prepared to the required depth and a Implant was inserted. An impression was made 4 months after implant insertion, and a definitive restoration was placed. Results: The atraumatic operating technique and the immediate insertion of the Implant resulted in the preservation of the hard and soft tissues at the extraction site. The patient exhibited no clinical or radiologic complications through 12 months of clinical monitoring after loading...........

Keywords: Implant, Immediate placement, Temporization

[1]. Abott CA et al: Risk factors for new diabetic foot lesions.Diabet Med 2002; 19;377 – 384
[2]. Aetiology of Diabetic Foot Ulceration: A Role for the Microcirculation?Dr M.D. Flynn et al
[3]. Andrea L.Christman et al: Hemoglobin A1c is a predictor of healing rate in diabetic wounds :J Invest Dermatol 2011 October ; 131(10); 2121-2127
[4]. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Nixon BP, Boulton AJ. It's not what you put on but what you take off: Techniques for debriding and off – loading the diabetic foot wound. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:S92–9. [PubMed]
[5]. Armstrong DG, Nguyen HC, Lavery LA, van Schie CH, Boulton AJ, Harkless LB. Off – loading the diabetic foot wound. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:1019–22. [PubMed]

Abstract: Kimura's disease is a rare benign disorder of unknown cause. It presents as multiple swelling in the head and neck region and primarily affects young males of Asian region between the age group of twenty to fourty. Patients can be managed conservatively in asymptomatic cases. Symptomatic lesions can be treated with intralesional corticosteroids, oral cyclosporine,oral pentoxyphylline,all trans retinoic acid and intravenous immunoglobulin. Photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy have also been used in recurrent lesions with success. Though many therapies are available, conservative surgical excision remains the treatment of choice. We present a case of young Asian male who presented with recurrence of Kimura Disease and was treated with conservative surgical excision. The purpose of the article is to focus on the presentations and discussion of the various treatment options

Keywords: Kimura disease, Recurrent, Asian

[1]. Ewa Osuch Wojcikiewicz, Antoni Bruzgielewicz, Magdelena Lachowska, Agata Wasilewska, Kazimierz Niemczyk. Kimura's
Disease in a Caucasian Female: A Very Rare Cause of Lymphadenopathy.Case reports in otolaryngology; Volume 2014 ; Article
ID 415865, 4 pages[ dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/415865]
[2]. Mohammad Abuel Haija,Matthew T Hurford. Kimura Disease.: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Vol 131,Issue
4,Page 650-651
[3]. Larroche C, Bletry O Kimura's Disease, orphaned encyclopedia. 2005. February [Available
from:http://www.orpha.net/data/patho/GB/uk-kimura.pdf last accessed on 2010 Dec 1]
[4]. Ohta N, Fukase S, Suzuki Y, Ito T, Yoshitake H, Aoyagi M. Increase of Th2 and Tc1 cells in patients with Kimura's Disease. Auris
Nasus Larynx. 2011 Feb;.38(1):77-82 DOI: 10.4236/ijohns.2014.34037
[5]. T.J.Li, X.M.Chen, S.Z.Wang, M.W.Fan, I.Semba , M.Kitano, "Kimura's Disease.A clinicopathologic study of 54 Chinese patients,"
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Vol 82,No 5,[PP549-555,1996 PMID:8936520]

Abstract: Study Design: A Case Report Objective- To explain the utilization of CO2 Laser as an excellent and safe surgical instrument in calcified lesions of spine. Summary of Background Data- Among the calcified lesions of spine, disc osteophyte complex is a common pathology. Due to its unyielding nature & constant pressure on neural structures, symptoms are not relieved by nonsurgical means. Pressure may be dynamic with extension also. Symptoms may be relieved with non-surgical means if the herniation is soft but may not be in calcified lesions of spine. This is challenging in upper lumbar levels when the pathology is central to paracentral in location which mandates wide decompression and retraction of thecal sac...........

Keywords: calcified lesions of spine, disc osteophyte complex, CO2 Laser

[1]. Frymoyer JW, Pope MH, Clements JH, Wilder DG, MacPherson B, Ashikaga T. Risk factors in low-back pain. An epidemiological survey. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983;65:213–218.

[2]. Okada Y, Shimizu K, Ido K, Kotani S. Multiple thoracic disc herniations: case report and review of the literature. Spinal Cord. 1997;1997(35):183–186.

[3]. Stillerman CB, Chen TC, Couldwell WT, Zhang W, Weiss MH. Experience in the surgical management of 82 symptomatic herniated thoracic discs and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 1998;88:623–633.

[4]. Vollmer DG, Simmons NE. Transthoracic approaches to thoracic disc herniations. Neurosurg Focus.2000;2000(9):e8.

[5]. Gille O, Soderlund C, Razafimahandri HJC, Mangione P, Vital JM. Analysis of hard thoracic herniated discs: review of 18 cases operated by thoracoscopy. Eur Spine J. 2006;15:537–542.

Abstract: Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is the sixth most common form of cancer worldwide and has a poor prognosis. In addition to the disease poor prognoses the total Circular Oesopharyngolaryngectomy (TCOPL) is a high risk procedure that carries a lot of mortality and morbidity. Our aim is to report two cases of prolonged survival despite the radical surgery the absence of adjuvant therapy and the lynmphnode involvement. Case report: Case one: A 55 year-old-arabic female, with no past medical history, presented to the outpatient clinic in March 2000, with dysphagia and a declining general state in the last six month...........

Keyswords: Hypopharyngeal cancer, total circular oeso pharyngo laryngectomy, Prognostic factors, long term survival, case Report

[1]. Cooper JS, Porter K, Mallin K, Hoffman HT, Weber RS, Ang KK, et al. National Cancer Database report on cancer of the head and neck: 10-Year update. Head Neck. 2009 Jun;31(6):748–58.
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[5]. Krstevska V. Hypopharyngeal cancer [Internet]. INTECH Open Access Publisher; 2012 [cited 2016 Aug 31]. Available from: http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/31099.pdf

Abstract: Unmet oral health problems are reported to be serious in the world. This study was designed to identify the related factors of unmet oral health requirements in Koreans. 4404 subjects were chosen for the study of a cross sectional analysis. A comprehensive questionnaire and survey data were used and analyzed for the relevance of unmet oral health requirements by multi-level logistic regression with complex sampling methods. The most related factors of unmet oral health were limitation of activity (OR 1.93; 95% CI; 1.46-2.55; p<.001) and age, especially 35-64 year-old group (OR 1.76; 95% CI; 1.237-2.54; p=.002). And the other factor was lowest income (OR 1.37; 95% CI; 1.04-1.81; p=.027), lower education level (OR 1.27; 95% CI; 1.04-1.55; p=.021) and yes-spouse (OR 0.74; 95% CI; 0.59-0.93; p=.009). Strong unmet oral health requirements suggest that health care providers in the community must consider the presence of activity limitation, age, income, education levels and presence of spouse to develop various programs to improve oral health status in this growing population...........

Keywords : age, limitations of activity, oral health, related factors, unmet requirements

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[2]. Kremers SPJ, de Bruijn GJ, Visscher TLS et al. Environmental influences on energy balance-related behaviors: A dual-process view.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2006,3-9.
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2010, 389–398.
[4]. Arora, G., Mackay, D. F., Conway, D. I., & Pell, J. P. Ethnic differences in oral health and use of dental services: cross-sectional
study using the 2009 Adult Dental Health Survey. BMC Oral Health. 17(1),2016, 1.
[5]. Kumar, Amit, et al. The effect of obesity on incidence of disability and mortality in Mexicans aged 50 years and older. Salud
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Abstract: Retroperitoneal teratoma in infancy is exceedingly rare. Progressive enlargement of th abdomen and presence of intra-abdominal mass is the most common clinical feature.they constitute third most frequent type of retroperitoneal neoplasm seen in infant and children after wilm's tumor and nephroblastoma. We report here a case of giant retroperitoneal teratoma in an infant.a 1 ½ month old male child was admitted with complaint of abdominal distension. Haematalogical Investigation and serum alpha protein assay were done to obtain preoperative values. Serum alpha feto protein levels were elevated. Abdominal ct scan revealed a variegated tumor with solid and cystic areas compressing the left kidney. Patient was operated with a supraumbilical transverse trans peritoneal approach.Post-operative period was uneventful. Histological report revealed that excised abdominal lump shows features of benign teratoma though the presentation was sudden in onset with a very short history

Keyword: Mass, Retroperitoneal, Alpha feto protein

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[2]. Auge B, Satge D, Sauvage P. Retroperitoneal teratomas in the perinatal period. Review of literature concerning a neonatal immature aggressive teratoma.Ann Pediatr 1993; 40: 613-621
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Abstract: AIDS has been known since eras for its deadly nature. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV ) is a virus that attacks the human immune system. CD4 cells or T-helper cells are a type of white blood cell that fight infection and their count indicates the stage of HIV or AIDS in a patient. Clinical symptoms are also seen in the oral cavity. Antiretroviral therapy are the medications that treat HIV. They slow down the virus . The goal of ARV therapy in case of individuals with compromised immunity is to strengthen back the immunity. However, abnormal effects that may complicate the existing situation occurs. After initiation of ART , patient may develop various infections like bacterial, viral and fungal infections within 90 days . This type of infection is known as Immune Reconstitution disease(IRD). This should be differentiated from clinical symptoms due to failure of the ART. Various infections that manifest in the oral cavity could help to diagnose this disease and thus prevent the complications due to this disease. A case of herpes zoster developed in a HIV positive patient 10 days after initiation of ART is reported here alongwith its pathogenetic and diagnostic perspective

Keywords: Herpes Zoster, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, CD4, Immune Reconstituition Disease

[1]. Jeffrey I. Cohen. N. Herpes Zoster. Engl J Med 2013;369:255-63.
[2]. Jansen K et al. Incidence and risk factors of herpes zoster among HIV-positive patients in the german competence network for HIV/AIDS (KompNet): a cohort study analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2013; 13: 372.
[3]. A Masiiwa, S Naidoo. Oral lesions in HIV-infected patients, before and after antiretroviral treatment. South Afr J Epidemiol Infect 2011;26(4):271-273.
[4]. Abdalla AO, Elkhidir IM, Bashir AA. HIV Seropositivity among Patients Presenting with Herpes Zoster Infection. J AIDS Clin Res. 2015; 6(1): 413.
[5]. Blank L et al. Herpes Zoster among Persons Living with HIV in the Current ART Era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 October 1; 61(2): 203–207.