iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2016

Abstract: Context: The comparative study of Hydroquinone and kojic acid in treatment of Melasma AIM: Aim of our study of to compare the hydroquinone and kojic acid in treatment of Melasma. Setting and design: The present prospective randomized study was carried out in a tertiary care Hospital, at Hyderabad. This group has 50 patients and comparative study in treatment of Melasma age group 22-30. Material and Methods: on one side of the face we applied hydroquinone and other side kojic acid. The study was conducted for 3 months and results are shown below. Statistical Analysis Used: The average age of the studied cases was 26.91 7.03 and their average duration of disease was 28 years.Kojic acid in our stud

Keywords: Hydroquinone and Kojic acid.

[1]. Pandya AG. Safety and efficacy of 4% hydroquinone combined with 10% glycolic acid, antioxidants, and sunscreen in the treatment of Melasma. Int J Dermatol. 2003;42:966–72.
[2]. Thappa DM. Melasma (Chloasma): A review with current treatment options. Indian J Dermatol. 2004;49:165–76
[3]. Pearl E, Grimes PE. Melasma: etiologic and therapeutic considerations. Arch Dermatol 1995; 13: 145357
[4]. Erbil H, Sezer E, Tastan B, Arca E, Kurumlu Z. Efficacy and safety of serial glycolic acid peels and a topical regimen in the treatment of recalcitrant melasma. J Dermatol 2007; 34: 25-30.
[5]. Garcia A, Fulton JE., Jr The combination of glycolic acid and hydroquinone or Kojic acid for the treatment of Melasma and related conditions. Dermatol Surg. 1996;22:443–7-7..

Abstract: The pain in the shoulder is a very unpleasant pain that limits the movement in the shoulder. This pain is characteristic for people after 40 years of age, but the reasons can be of different nature. Although patients sometimes think the pain will resolve with rest, if they wait too long it may result with the syndrome 'frozen shoulder'. The Traditional Chinese Medicine sees the shoulder pain as a Bi syndrome caused by invasion of external pathogenic factors such as cold, wind, dampness and phlegm, which obstruct the channels and collaterals and disturb the flow of the Qi and blood. In this research are included 23 patients, 14 male and 9 female, on age from 19 to 77, all with symptoms of shoulder pain. All patients were treated with fire needle acupuncture, with duration of the treatment of maximum 10 minutes. All the symptoms that patients complained about before were gone after certain number of treatments.

Keywords: acupuncture, pain, shoulder, traditional Chinese medicine, treatment

[1]. Calabro S.; The remedy for frozen shoulder that no one talks about; 2012 [www.huffingtonpost.com]
[2]. Ping Ming Health; How does Chinese medicine help shoulder pain and frozen shoulder? ; 2012 [www.pingminghealth.com]
[3]. Hua L.; Shoulder pain; 2016 [www.aac2000.com]..

Abstract: Introduction: Breast masses are common clinical presentation in breast clinics, have variety of etiologies, benign or malignant, their management and prognosis depend on early diagnosis and prompt treatment. The triple assessment has been routinely practiced in the developed world since its earliest evaluation .Triple assessment includes clinical, radiological and pathological assessment of breast lump Materials & Methods: All patients with lump in the breast or any other breast complaint, attending OPD / admitted in a tertiary care Hospital, during the period from Oct 2013 to Sep 2015 about 50 patients were evaluated with clinical examination, ultrasonography and FNAC or biopsy of the lump. Results were made into charts based on different parameters and conclusions regarding sensitivity and specificity of each parameter and predictive values were drawn.

Keywords: Breast Lump, FNAC, Triple assessment, Ultrasonography..

[1]. Klein S."Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses"AFP 2005;719:1731-8.
[2]. Thomas M.J, fitzharris B.M, Redding H.W, et al. "clinical examination, xeromammography and fine-needle aspiration cytology in
diagnosis of breast tumors". BMJ 1978; 2:1139-41
[3]. Yelland A,graham D.M, trott A.P, et al. "Diagnosing breast carcinoma in young
a. women". BMJ 1991;302 : 618 - 20.
[4]. Karla K, Rebecca S, britt M.L, et al. "Evaluation of abnormal mammography results and palpable breast abnormalities". Ann intern
Med. 2003;139:274-84.
[5]. Browner JW, Newman TB, Cunnings SR, ―Prevalence, prior probability and predictive value‖. Designing clinical research: an
epidemiological approach. William & Wilkins 1988; 1st Ed 74-75; 90-91...

Abstract: Pterygium is defined as fibro vascular subepithelial in growth of degenerative bulbar conjunctival tissue over limbus onto cornea. Pterygium is now believed to be an limbal stem cell disorder and management is oriented to restore defective stem cells with healthy stem cells. This is a prospective randomized control study of 50 patients undergoing pterygium excision for primary pterygium attending and to evaluate the efficacy, safety and recurrence rates of conjunctival autograft and bare sclera techniques in treatment of pterygium. The pterygium surgery with conjunctival auto grafting has lower recurrence rates compared to bare sclera technique.

Keywords: pterygium, limbal stem cell deficiency, conjunctival auto grafting, bare sclera technique,

[1]. Gordon J Johnson, Darwin C Minassian, Robert A Weale, Sheila K West: The epidemiology of the disease; second edition, Arnold
publishers, Chapter 13h; 218-221.
[2]. Manolette Roque, Ruben Limbosiong; pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft in primary and recurrent case in phillipine
general hospital; web journal of ophthalmology, volume 1;2001
[3]. TylorHR (ed). ptrygium. the hague;kugler;2000
[4]. Mackenzie F.D, Hirst L.W, Battusuta D,Green A: Risk analysis in the development of pterygia; ophthalmology 99,1056-1061,1992
[5]. Ashaye: Refractive astigmatism and pterygium. Afr J.med,1990 september;19(3);225-228

Abstract: Introduction: the aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate all patients with thoracic hydatid cysts, treated surgically in our department between July 2010 To July 2016. Materials and methods: retrospective analysis was carried out in 350 cases of thoracic hydatidosis, in whom some surgical interventions were carried out at RIMS, Ranchi between 2010 to 2016.There were 204 male patients in the age group from 10 to 81 years (average 32 years). The majority were symptomatic with cough with expectoration (45%).

Keywords: Echinococcus granulosus, Hydatid Cyst, Lobectomy, Pneumonectomy, Thoracotomy

[1]. Aletras H, Symbas PN. Hydatid disease of the lung. In: ShieldsTW, LoCicero J, Ponn RB, editors. General Thoracic Surgery, 5th ed
[2]. (Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2000) 1113–22.
[3]. Kabiri el-H, Caidi M, al Aziz S, el Maslout A, Benosman A. Surgical treatment of hydatidothorax. Series of 79 cases. Acta Chir Belg.,103, 2003, 401–04.
[4]. Petrov DB, Terzinacheva PP, Djambazov VI, et al. surgical treatment of bilateral hydatid disease of the lung. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,19, 2001, 918–23.
[5]. Burgos R, Varela A, Castedo E, et al. Pulmonary hydatidosis: surgical treatment and follow up of 240 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 16, 1999, 628–35..

Abstract: Phyllodes tumours have an incidence of 1 per 100,000 women and account for only 0.5% of all breast neoplasms (1).They have been variously classified, such as 'cystosarcoma phyllodes'.The phyllodes tumor is classified into benign, malignant, and borderline tumor according to histopathological features (2)(3): its clinical course is frequently unpredictable. The malignant phyllodes tumor is rare with a lower incidence than the benign counterpart. The tumor usually occurs in 35- to 55-year-old women (4)(5).The tumor appears clinically as a round, mobile, and painless mass and there is no clinical features to distinguish benign or malignant phyllodes tumors from benign lesions (6).).........

Keywords: Breast Conservative Surgerys,Bilateral symmetry,Negative margin,Phyllodes tumor.

[1]. Moffat CJ, Pinder SE, Dixon AR, Elston CW, Blamey RW, Ellis IO. Phyllodes tumours of the breast: a clinico pathological review of thirty two cases. Histopathology. 1995;27(3):205–18.

[2]. Bellocq JP, Magro G. Fibroepithelial tumors. In: Tavassoli FA, Devilee P, editors. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Tumors of the Breast and Female Genital Organs. Lyon, France: IARC; 2003. p. 99–103.

[3]. Grabowski J, Salzsrein SL, Sadler GR, Blair SL. Malignant phyllodes tumors: a review of 752 cases. Am Surg. 2007;73:967–9

[4]. Salvadori B, Cusumano F, Del Bo R, Delledonne V, Grassi M, Rovini D, et al. Surgical treatment of phyllodes tumors of the breast. Cancer. 1989;63(12):2532–6.

[5]. Reinfuss M, Mitus J, Duda K, Stelmach A, Rys J, Smolak K. The treatment and prognosis of patients with phyllodes tumor of the breast: an analysis of 170 cases. Cancer. 1996;77(5):910–6.

Abstract: Introduction: According to studies, one in 30 girls born in India may develop breast cancer during her lifetime. But did you know that one in 400 men also contract the disease? Male breast cancer is an uncommon disease and accounts for only about 1% of all breast cancer and 1% of all malignancies in men. Poor level of awareness often results in late presentation and delayed diagnosis in our environment. Generally, men with breast cancer have lower survival rates — probably because the disease spreads rapidly due to scanty tissue in the breast area..........

Keywords: Male breast cancer

[1]. Anderson W, Althuis M, Brinton L. Is male breast cancer similar to or different than female breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research Treatment 2004. 83:77
[2]. Kalyani, R.; Days, S.; Bindra Singh, M. S.; Kumar, H. (2010). "Cancer profile in Kolar: A ten years study". Indian Journal of Cancer. 47 (2): 160–
165. doi:10.4103/0019-509X.63011. PMID 20448380{{inconsistent citations}}
[3]. Nahleh Z, Srikantiah R, Safa M, et al. Male breast cancer in the veterans affairs population: a comparative analysis. Cancer 2007; 109:1471
[4]. American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, 7th Edition, Edge SB,Byrd DR, Compton CC. Springer, NY 2010.
[5]. Golshan M, Rusby J, Dominquez F. Breast conservation for male breast carcinoma. Breast 2007; 16:653.

Abstract: Introduction. Oral health is important component of general health. Socio-demographic characteristics are one of the important factors for perception of oral health and quality of life. Main purpose of this study was to perform association among oral health and sex, age and comorbidity at geriatric patients (older than 65) with built-in oral prosthetic dentures. Materials and methods. The survey was a prospective transversal (cross-sectional) study conducted among 165 institutionally sheltered patients at Gerontology Institute (inspected group – IG) and 170 patients from the dental specialist clinics (control group CG) at age 65 and older. Statistical program SPSS for Windows ver. 13.0 was used for statistical processing..........

Keywords: age, comorbidity, oral health, sex.

[1]. World Health Organization. Executive Board Meeting January 2007. Report on global oral health EB120/10 and draft resolution
EB120.R5. Geneva: WHO; 2007.
[2]. Petersen PE. Priorities for research for oral health in the 21st century – the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme.
Community Dent Health 2005; 22: 71-4.
[3]. Petersen PE. Global research challenges for oral health. Global Forum Update Res Health 2005; 2: 181-4.
[4]. Raphael D, Brown I, Renwick R, Rootman I. Quality of life theory and assessment; what are the implications for health
promotion. Issues in Health Promotion Series. University of Toronto, Centre for Health Promotion, 2004.
[5]. Michael I. MacEntee 2007; 138; 47S-52S J Am Dent Assoc. Quality of life as and Indicator of Oral Health in Older People

Abstract: Aging enhances susceptibility to chronic diseases like, respiratory disorder, cardiovascular diseases or periodontitis. More recently, research has established to include nutrients shown to attenuate the inflammatory process or to have anti-inflammatory properties, like some omega-3 series fatty acids and omega-6 series fatty acids known as polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). It is observed that the enhanced alveolar bone loss associated to age may be treated by an appropriate PUFA rich dietary fat. However, report says that virgin olive oil which is monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) rich or PUFA rich fish oil (omega-3 series) prevent age-related alveolar bone resorption .

Keywords: Alveolar bone, Omega-3 fatty acid, Omega-6 fatty acid, PUFA, MUFA

[1]. P , Battino M, Varela-López A, Quiles, J.L., Diets Based on Virgin Olive Oil or Fish Oil but Not on Sunflower Oil Prevent Age-Related Alveolar Bone Resorption by Mitochondrial-Related Mechanisms,September 2013;PLoS ONE 8(9):e74234 •
[2]. Sardesai VM,The essential fatty acids. Nutr Clin Pract, 1992; 7:179–186
[3]. Christen R, Even V, Daveloose D, Leger CL, Viret J , Modification of fluidity and lipid-protein relation- ships in pig intestinal brush-border membrane by dietary essential fatty acid deficiency. Biochim ,Biophys Acta, 1989; 980:77–84
[4]. Rose, D. P., Dietary fatty acids and prevention of hormone-responsive cancer. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1997; 216:224-233.
[5]. Suchner, U. & Senftleben, U., Immune modulation by polyunsaturated fatty acids during nutritional therapy: interactions with synthesis and effects of eicosanoids. Infusionsther. Transfusionsmed., 1994; 21:167-182.

Abstract: Identification is an important aspect of Forensic Medicine which can be done by multiple means. Anthropometry is a simple and easy to use tool. As lower limb is major contributor in stature hence most predictive and gives closer estimate. This study was carried out with aim & objectives to find out correlation between supine length and tibial length, derivation of regression equations and multiplication factors and also to find out bilateral & bisexual variation if any. This was hospital based analytical cross sectional study involving 200(100 Males and 100 Females) cadavers. Tibial length showed significant positive correlation with supine length. Tibial length also showed significant bisexual variation (p<0.001..........

Keywords: Anthropometry, Identification, Supine length and Tibial length.

[1]. Mathiharan K, Patnaik AK, Modi's Jurisprudence and Toxicology, 23 (New Delhi: Lexis- Butterwords 2006) 263-81.
[2]. Shepherd R, Identification of the living and dead Simpson's forensic medicine 12(London Arnold 2003) 49-56.
[3]. Krogman WM, Iscan MY, The human skeleton in forensic medicine, 2 (Illinois:Charles c thomus; 1986) 302-51.
[4]. Krishan K, Kanchan T, Sharma A. Multiplication factor versus regression analysis in stature estimation from hand and foot dimensions, J Forensic Leg Med.19, 2012, 211-14.
[5]. Kahana T. Anthropology .James JP , Byard R, Corey T, Henderson C. Encyclopedia of forensic and legal medicine, 1-4 1st ed. (Hardbound, academic press 2005) 80-150...

Abstract: Rapunzel Syndrome is a rare presentation of trichobezoar in which the tail of the gastric trichobezoar extends up to the intestine. Most cases are seen in young or teenage females, and with a psychiatric disorder. Patients usually present with some complication like obstruction, intususception, delayed gastric emptying, or rarely perforation. Ultrasound, CT, MRI, Barium studies or Endoscopy may aid in diagnosis. We present a case of Rapunzel syndrome presenting as gastric perforation in an adult female, which is exceptional and with very few cases reported in literature..

Keywords: Rapunzel Syndrome, Gastric Perforation, Trichobezoar, Bezoar

[1]. Vaughan ED Jr, Sawyers JL, Scott HW Jr. The Rapunzel Syndrome. An Unusual Complication Of Intestinal Bezoar. Surgery 1968; 63:339-43.
[2]. Naik S, Gupta V, Naik S, Rangole A, Chaudhary AK, Jain P, Sharma AK. Rapunzel Syndrome Reviewed and Redefined. Dig
[3]. Surg 2007; 24: 157-161
[4]. Ripollés T, García-Aguayo J, Martínez MJ, Gil P. Gastrointestinal Bezoars: Sonographic And CT characteristics. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001; 177:65-9.
[5]. De Backer A, Van Nooten V, Vandenplas Y. Huge Gastric Trichobezoar In a 10-year-old girl: Case Report With Emphasis On Endoscopy In Diagnosis And Therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28:513-5...

Abstract: Objective to Assess the Cardiac Functions in patients with Cirrhosis of Liver and Study the Prevalence of Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy in these patients Methods: A cross sectional observational study was undertaken where 32 patients with cirrhosis of liver were enrolled after excluding any known cardiac illness and known causes of cardiomyopathy.Patients were subjected to biochemical and sonographic evaluation to confirm Cirrhosis of liver. Cardiac assessment was performed non-invasively using electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography. Results were interpreted using Chi-square/ Fisher Exact test. A P<0.05 was considered to be significant

Keywords: Assessment of cardiac function in cirrhosis of liver, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy

[1]. NC, Jain D, Vasdev N, Gulwani H, Saigal S, Soin A. Etiologic types of end-stage chronic liver disease in adults: analysis of prevalence and their temporal changes from a study on native liver explants. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Oct;24(10):1199–208.
[2]. Heidelbaugh JJ, Sherbondy M. Cirrhosis and chronic liver failure: part II. Complications and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2006 Sep 1;74(5):767–76.
[3]. Kowalski HJ, Abelmann WH. The cardiac output at rest in Laennec's cirrhosis. J Clin Invest. 1953 Oct;32(10):1025–33.
[4]. Regan TJ, Levinson GE, Oldewurtel HA, Frank MJ, Weisse AB, Moschos CB. Ventricular function in noncardiacs with alcoholic fatty liver: role of ethanol in the production of cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest. 1969 Feb;48(2):397–407.
[5]. Lee SS. Cardiac abnormalities in liver cirrhosis. West J Med. 1989 Nov;151(5):530–5.

Abstract: The term leukemoid reaction (LR) was initially coined by Krumbhaar in 1926. Since then, a lot of studies have been conducted to understand the pathophysiology and its role in various diseases. The cut off value for LR has not yet been defined;however a clear cut distinction has to be made between LR and chronic leukemia as both are treated differently. Present study is a case series of ten patients presenting with high total leucocyte count ranging from 55,300 cells/mm3 to 1,49,000 cells/mm3 ;mean 73,500 cells/mm3.A total leucocyte count of about 1,49,000/mm3 as seen in this case series can masquerade chronic leukemia. A simple laboratory test like Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase can help to distinguish between them. LR is a rare condition,which can be challenging as it is associated with increased mortality among patients so it requires a careful diagnostic work-up including a combination of complete blood count with peripheral blood smear whichshows marked neutrophiliawith left shift and a high LAP score.

Keywords: Chronic leukemia, Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase score, Marked leucocytosis

[1]. Krumbhaar EB. Leukemoid blood pictures in various clinical conditions. Am J Med Sci 172,1926,,519-533.
[2]. Potasman I, Grupper M. Leukemoid reaction: spectrum and prognosis of 173 adult patients. Clin Infect Dis,57(11), 2013, e177-181.
[3]. Sakka V, Tsiodras S, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Giamarellou H. An update on the etiology and diagnostic evaluation of a
leukemoid reaction. Eur J Intern Med, 17(6), 2006, 394-398.
[4]. Lawrence YR, Raveh D, Rudensky B, Munter G. Extreme leukocytosis in the emergency department. QJM, 100(4), 2007, 217-223.
[5]. Nimieri HS, Makoni SN, Madziwa FH, Nemiary DS. Leukemoid reaction response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a patient
with cervical carcinoma. Ann Hematol, 82(5), 2003, 316-317..

Abstract: Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath (GCTTS), better known as localized nodular tenosynovitis, is a benign slow growing lesion most commonly presenting as a soft tissue nodule with a peak incidence in the third to fourth decade of life. It arises from the synovium of tendon sheath, bursa or joint. GCTTS is thought to arise from synovial lining cells, while the giant cells in GCTSS are structurally and functionally osteoclasts.Although, the histomorphological appearances are well established, only few studies describe the cytomorphology of the lesion.The present study describes the cytomorphological features with clinical and histopathological correlation of a 33 year old male patient who presented with a swelling over the plantar aspect of left 2nd toe.

Keywords: giant cell tumour, tendon sheath, cytomorphology

[1]. Wakely PE, Frable WJ .Fine-needle aspiration cytology of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath. Am J Clinpathol 1994; 102: 87-90.
[2]. Choudhary M, Jain R, NangiaA,Logani KB. Localized tenosynovial giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath: A case report
.ActaCytol 2000; 44:463-6.
[3]. Al-Qattan M. Giant cell tumors of tendon sheath: classification and recurrence rate. Journal of Hand Surgery 2001; 10:522-4.
[4]. Reilly KE, Stern PJ,Dale JA .Recurrent giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath . Journal of Hand Surgery 1999; 24:1298-302.
[5]. Ushijima M, Hasimoto H, TsuneyoshiM,Enjoji M .Giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath( nodular tenosynovitis) : a study of 207
cases to compare the large joint group with the common digit group. Cancer 1986; 57:875-84..

Abstract: Schizophrenia is within the scope of criminogenic mental illnesses. During our thanatological exercise in forensic department at the university hospital of Bab El-Oued, we were faced with a passage to the act of a person treated for schizophrenia.The authors of this work proposes to report this experience and ask questions about schizophrenic persons.

Keywords: criminogenic mental illness, dangerousness, mental person'spenal responsibility, Violent behavior

[1]. Jean-Louis Senon,forensic psychiatry and criminology Clinique, Elsevier Masson, 2013.
[2]. The French National Authority for Health (HAS): psychiatric dangerousness: study and evaluation of risk factors hetero aggressive violence in people with schizophrenia or mood disorders, mars 2011.
[3]. Simonin C. forensic medicine judicial, third edition, Maloine library, Paris, 1955..

Abstract: The victim of an accident is entitled to a compensation of undergone prejudice. the expert physician, in the mission who is entrusted to him is assigned to identify, describe and assess on forensic plan the magnitude of various injuries as well as their relation with the accident. the problem of forensic imputability is acute. one of the main roles of the expert is to establish this relation of the cause which has an effect before repairing. The authors of this work propose through a clinical vignette to set the issue of imputability when the traumatic event is like a somatic problem. Brandished by a victim as a damages resulting from accident and which claims its compensation

Keywords: expertise, imputability, relationship cause and effect

[1]. C. SIMONIN, professor of forensic medicine at the university of Strasbourg, forensic medicine judicial, third edition, Maloine library, Paris,1952.
[2]. M. DURIGON, Professor of forensic medicine at the faculty of Paris, forensic practice, 2nd edition, 2007.
[3]. E. BACCINO, professor of forensic medicine at the faculty of Montpelier.
[4]. The ONSET American study, Stress and myocardial infarction, may 2003.

Abstract: Post-traumatic stress syndrome knows a gracing interest in view of the increasing number of victims of disasters, collective accidents, hostage situations or accidents to strong psychological impact. The clinical picture is characterized by the repetition syndrome or revival, specific to this pathology, associated with manifestations of with drawl and non-specific symptoms as psychomatic disorders or personality disorders. The management is carried out in the context of medico-psychological emergency with immediate care made on siteInto contact with the event and in more depth implementation psychological debriefing and later by followup and support of his victim on the map medico-psychological, forensic, judicial, social

Keywords: PTSD, violence, psychological trauma

..........

Abstract: Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) is a symptom of group of diseases of the immune system, blood vessels and connective tissue, in which the skin, usually of the hands and feet, becomes stiff, tight and shiny. It can lead to reduced mouth opening and a consequent difficulty in performing dental procedures. The prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with Systemic sclerosis can be challenging in terms of rendering treatment as well as patient management

Keywords: Microstomia, Raynauds phenomenon,Sclerodactyly,Systemic Sclerosis, Xerostomia

[1]. Charles C, Clements P, Furst DE. Systemic sclerosis: hypothesis-driven treatment strategies. Lancet (London, England).
2006;367(9523):1683-91.
[2]. Varga j. Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and related disorders. In: In: Fauci AS BE, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson
JL, Loscazo J, editors, editor. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. ed. New York:: McGraw-Hill; ; 2008. p. 2096–
106.
[3]. Greenberg MS GM, Ship JA. Hamilton: BC Decker. burket's oral medicine. 2008;ed 11:447.
[4]. Jimenez SA, Derk CT. Following the molecular pathways toward an understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.
Annals of internal medicine. 2004;140(1):37-50.
[5]. Wollheim FA. Classification of systemic sclerosis. Visions and reality. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2005;44(10):1212-6..

Abstract: The glaucoma is a diverse group of eye conditions that share the common feature of progressive optic neuropathy or the common feature of occludable drainage angles in the anterior chambers. The most common risk factor known is a raised intraocular pressure (IOP). The objective of the study was to see the effect of instillation of single and multiple doses of 0.5% enalapril eye drop on IOP. Dose-response relationship, response with increased concentration of drug along with side effects, was also analyzed. The study comprised, Group A that included 10 normal volunteers, 40-80 years of age group, having intraocular tension < 21 mmHg, with no optic disc changes or field loss suggestive of glaucoma and Group B that included 20 patients of primary open angle glaucoma, 40-80 years of age, having intraocular tension > 21 mmHg, with optic disc changes or field loss or both.

Keywords: Glaucoma, IOP, enalapril, optic disc changes

[1]. H.A. Quigley, A.T. Broman, The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020, Br. J. Ophthalmol., 90(3), 2006,
262–267.
[2]. H. Hollands, D. Johnson, S. Hollands, D.L. Simel, D. Jinapriya, S. Sharma, Do findings on routine examination identify patients at
risk for primary open-angle glaucoma?, J.A.M.A, 309(19), 2013, 2035–2042.
[3]. M.A. Kass, D.K. Heuer, E.J. Higginbotham, C.A. Johnson, J.L. Keltner, J.P. Miller et al., The Ocular Hypertension Treatment
Study: a randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle
glaucoma, Arch. Ophthalmol., 120, 2002, 701-713.
[4]. American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns Committee GP. Ophthalmology, Chicago, Illinois: American
Academy of Ophtalmology, 2010, Preferred practice pattern: primary open-angle glaucoma.
[5]. D.D. Gaton, T. Sagara, J.D. Lindsey, B.T. Gabelt, P.L. Kaufman, R.N. Weinreb, Increased matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, and 3 in
the monkey uveoscleral outflow pathway after topical prostaglandin F(2alpha)-isopropyl ester treatment, Arch. Ophthalmol.,
119(8), 2001, 1165–1170..

Abstract: Introduction: The antiretroviral combination therapy (cART) has reduced the risk of HIV transmission and AIDS mortality. However, despite this therapeutic success, mortality observed in patients infected with HIV is higher than that observed in general population. This reflects a growing proportion of deaths resulting from non-AIDS diseases. The knowledge of causes and factors associated with these deaths would help to optimize the quality of care for PLHIV. This is the reason why we focused this study on"Prevalence and factors associated with non-AIDS mortality in HIV-1 patients under cART followed-up at CTA-CHNU in Dakar
Fann".

Keywords:non-AIDS mortality, prevalence, associated factors, first-line cART, CTA, Dakar.

[1]. UNAIDS REPORT, December 2014 : http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/web_story//20140716_PR_GapReport_fr.pdf.
[2]. WHO/UNAIDS/UNICEF, November 2014. Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV: http://gamapserver.who.int/mapLibrary/pgrms/hiv.aspx.
[3]. Lohse N, Hansen AB, Pedersen G, Kronborg G, Gerstoft J, Sørensen HT and al. Survival of persons with and without HIV infection in Denmark, 1995-2005. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Jan 16; 146(2):87-95.
[4]. Maman D, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Nicholas S, Mc Guire M, Szumilin E, Ecochard R, and al.Response to antiretroviral therapy:improved survival associated with CD4 above 500 cells /μl.AIDS. 2012 Jul 17; 26(11):1393-8.
[5]. Marin B, Thiébaut R, Bucher HC, Rondeau V, Costagliola D, Dorrucci M and al. Non-AIDS-defining deaths and immunodeficiency in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy.AIDS. 2009 Aug 24; 23(13):1743-53.

Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndromes are very heterogeneous in lot of aspects.Scientists are trying to find prognostic factors that have implication on overall survival in order to incorporate them in prognostic systems, which would enable refinement of patient‟s risk stratification.The aim of our study was evaluation of the prognostic significance of age, sex, blast percentage in bone marrow, cytopenias, MCV, transfusion dependency, serum ferritin, serum LDH, serum albumin, comorbidities, chromosomal abnormalities in MDS patients and their influence on overall survival, progression and transformation in acute myeloidleukemia. Our cohort consisted of 70 adult patients 33 women and 37 men, 66 pts with "de-novo‟ and 4 pts with therapyrelated MDS, diagnosed in the University Clinic of Hematology, "Ss Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje

Keywords: myelodysplastic syndromes, prognostic factors, overall survival

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[2] Aul C, Gatterman N, Heyll A, Germing U, Derigs G, Schneider W. Primary myelodysplastic syndromes: analysis of prognostic factors in 235 patients and proposal for an improved scoring sysem. Leukemia. 1992;6:52-9.

[3] Nösslinger T, Tüchler H, Germing U, Sperr WR, Krieger O, Haase D, Lübbert M, Stauder R, Giagounidis A, Valent P. Prognostic impact of age and gender in 897 untreated patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes. Ann Oncol. 2010; 21(1): 120-125.
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Abstract: The key to good health is by maintaining the appropriate condition of the fire within the body. Ayurveda emphasises that if the fire within is hampered, the person is subject to diseases. This study is a humble effort to deliver to the public the concept of "Agni". Its types, significance and care have been briefly discussed.

Keywords: Agni, digestive fire, doshas, Ayurveda.

[1]. Dr. T. Sreekumar, Ashtanga Hridaya, with English translation and commentary (Classical Indian Medical Literature Series, Vol I
2013)
[2]. Charakapani Dutta, Dhrdabala, Charaka Samhita (Chowkhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, 2007)
[3]. Dr. T. Sreekumar, Ashtanga Hridaya, with English translation and commentary (Classical Indian Medical Literature Series, Vol I
2013)
[4]. Dr. T. Sreekumar, Ashtanga Hridaya, with English translation and commentary (Classical Indian Medical Literature Series, Vol I
2013)
[5]. Charakapani Dutta, Dhrdabala, Charaka Samhita (Chowkhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, 2007)