iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2016

Abstract: Introduction: Asthma, overweight and Obesity are growing public health problem which pose as a serious health hazard for children. The prevalence of both conditions has increased considerably in the past decades. The aim of this review is to underline the growing health problem caused by combined effect of obesity and asthma by compiling different journals available............

Keywords: Childhood Asthma, Obesity, Overweight, Review

[1]. T. Scott, Weiss and S. Stephanie, Obesity and Asthma Directions for Research, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 169, 2004, 963–968.
[2]. P. Carroll. Childhood Overweight Increases Hospital Admission Rates for Asthma, Pediatrics, 120( 4), 2007, 23-26.
[3]. R. Viswanathan, M. Prasad, A. K. Thakur, S. P. Sinha, T. R. Singh, S. N. Prasad, Epidemiology of asthma in an urban population, A random morbidity survey, J. Indian Med Association, 46(9), 1966, 480-3.
[4]. E. Y. Chen, E. L. Dunn, M. Y. Miao, W. S. Yeung, K. F. Chan, Chung, W. N. Tang, The impact of family experience on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in Hong Kong, SoC Psychatry Psychiatr Epedemiol , 40(5), 2005, 350-6.
[5]. 5. E. S. Ford, The epidemiology of obesity and asthma, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 115(5), 2005, 897-909.

Abstract: Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis continues to be surrounded by considerable uncertainty. The main disadvantage is sample collection in children. An institution-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in B. S. Medical College& Hospital, Bankura, West Bengal, India. A total of 50 children, who were suspected of having tuberculosis were recruited. All of them were subjected to collection of gastric aspirate as well as induced sputum. 8 children (16%) showed AFB positively in gastric aspirate whereas 6 children (12%) were AFB-positive in induced sputum. Different clinical parameters and radiological findings were also studied. This study helps us to know the diagnostic role of gastric lavage and induced sputum in this part of the country.

Keywords: Diagnosis of tuberculosis; gastric aspirate; induced sputum; observational study; cross-sectional study; India.

[1]. Flor M. Mumoz, Jeffery R Starke, Nelson Text Book of Pediatrics, 19theds; 2011: 996-1010
[2]. Marais BJ. HesselingGie AC, Schaaf KP, HS Enarson DA Beyers, Bacteriologic confirmation may be achieved in majority of
children with intrathorasic tuberculosis in highly endemic settings, Clin Infect Dis 2006 (in press)
[3]. Kabra SK, Lodha Seth V. Some current concepts on childhood tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res 2004;120[4]387-397
[4]. Star JR, Correa AG. Management of Mycobacterial infection and diseases in children. Pediatric infect Dis J. 1995;14:455-470
[5]. TB India 2010: RNTCP Status Report http://www.tbcindia.org/pdfs/TB%20India%202010.pdf (accessed on 10.10.2010)

Abstract: The Interstitial Lung Diseases Are A Clinically Challenging And Diverse Groups Of Over A 150 Disorders Characterized By Varying Degrees Of Fibrosis And Inflammation Of The Lung Parenchyma Of Interstitium. The Interstitial Lung Diseases Represent Many Features In Common Such As Similarities Of Symptoms, omparable Appearance Of Chest Imaging Studies, Consistent Alteratios In Pulmonary Physiology And Typical Histological Features. One Useful Approach Is To Separate Ilds Into Two Groups, Those With Known And Those With Unknown Causes. For Each Ild There May Be An Acute Phase Followed By A Phase Of Chronicity With Acute Exacerbation. Among Ilds Of Known Cause, The Largest Group Includes Diseases Due To Inhalation Of Inorganic Dusts, Organic Dust, And Various Irritants, And Noxious Gases. The Major Ones Of Unknown Cause Is Ipf.

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Abstract: Background: Kala - azar has been a serious medical and public health problem in India since historical times, caused by genus Leishmania and is transmitted by sandfly (Phlebotomus). The National Health Policy 2002 set the goal of Kala - azar elimination by year 2015. Method: We conducted a hospital based prospective study. A total 150 patients selected on the basis of clinical findings and hemato-pathological confirmation of Leishmania. Acute kidney injury (AKI) during treatment with Amphotericine-B assessed by using values of serum Creatinine...........

[1]. History of Kala - azar [Internet]. [ Cited 2016 Aug] British Medical Journal 12 February 1966, Page 413-14, Available from : http :
/ / www.int/kala - azar/history-kala-azar/en/
[2]. NVBDCP | National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme - Kala - azar [Internet ]. [Cited 2015 Jan 11]. Available from : http :
/ / nvbdcp.gov.in / kal 9.html
[3]. Thakur CP et al. Comparisons of regimen of treatment with Sodium Stibogluconate in Kala – azar. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed).
1984;288(6421):895-7
[4]. Thakur CP, Kumar M, Mishr BN, Pandey AK. Rationalisation of regimen of treatment of Kala - azar with Sodium Stibogluconate
in India; a randomized study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1988; 296(6636): 1557–1561.
[5]. Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Palevsky P. Acute Dialysis Quality initiative workgroup. Acute renal failure-definition, outcome
measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the
Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI ) Group. Crit Care Lond Engl.2004; 8 (4): R204-12

Abstract: The nephrotic syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by massive proteinuric and abnormalities like hypoalbuminemia, edema and hyperlipidemia. It is also often associated with a hypercoaguable state. Objective of the study are to do renal biopsies in all cases of adult nephritic syndrome and to study the histological presentation by light microscopy in all cases and whenever indicated and possible by electron microscopy and immunoflurscence and the different modes of clinical presentation of nephrotic syndrome with their co-relation with histopathological appearance along with outcome of the patients with standard protocol of treatment.

[1]. Strauss and Welt : diseases of kidney vol:1,3rd edition pg:765-767.
[2]. Richard Glassock in Massry and Glassock 's text book of nephrology vol:1,3rd pg: 682-683
[3]. Jay .M. Ginsberg et al use of single voided sample to estimate quantitative proteinuria. NEJM vol
[4]. 309, No.:25, P:1543-1546, DEC 1983.
[5]. S.K Mukherjee;Nephrotic syndrome- A clinicopathological study. JAPI 21:299:1973

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the effect of internal iliac artery ligation (IAL) performed for severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and pelvic hemorrhage following gynecological surgery. Methods: Forty-three women who underwent IAL over 15 years and 10 months (January 2000-October 2016), to control severe obstetric and pelvic hemorrhage were included in this retrospective analysis. IAL was performed as the primary surgical intervention or to control bleeding following obstetric hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, and myomectomy of cervical fibroid.........

Keywords: Hypogastric artery ligation, Internal iliac Artery ligation, Post partum hemorrhage, Pelvic hemorrhage

[1]. Burchell RC− Physiology of internal iliac ligation. Journal Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonwealth 1968; 75: 642-51.
[2]. Kelly H− Ligation of both internal iliac arteries for haemorrhage in hysterectomy for carcinoma uterus. John Hopkins Med Journal 1894; 5: 53-4.
[3]. Reich WJ, Nechtow MJ− Ligation of internal iliac arteries. A life saving procedure for uncontrollable gynaecological and obstetric haemorrhage. J. Internat.Coll. Surgeons 1961; 36: 157-168.
[4]. Nandkishore G, Patikar VD, Niyogi GM, Jhankaria, Vaidya PR − Hypogastric artery ligation and its aftermath. J Obstet Gynecol India 1991; 41: 252-5.
[5]. Dalvi SA, Penkar SJ, Nagwekar S, Chaubal D− Ligation oi internal iliac artery procedure of choice in obstetric gynecological hemorrhage. J Obstet Gynecol India 1988; 38: 575-8.

Abstract: Aim: A cohort study to evaluate the factors that contribute to opacification of a corneal graft following Penetrating Keratoplasty. Material and Methods: This cohort study consisted of 40 patients (40 eyes), of opacified graft after penetrating keratoplasty. Thirty patients were studied retrospective for 5 years and 10 patients prospectively for 2 years. The various clinical parameters in all the cases of opacified grafts were studied and evaluated. Graft opacification was defined as irreversible loss of central graft clarity, irrespective of the level of visual acuity. The time of graft opacification was defined..............

Keywords: Graft Opacification, Penetrating Keratoplasty, Penetrating Keratoplasty and Glaucoma (PKPG).

[1]. A. Vail, S.M. Gore, B.A. Bradley, et al., Corneal graft survival and visual outcome. A multicentre study. Corneal transplant
[2]. follow-up study collaborators, Ophthalmology, 101, 1994, 120-27.
[3]. K.A. Williams, et al., How successful is corneal transplantation? A Report from the Australian Corneal Graft Register, Eye, 9,
[4]. 1995, 219.
[5]. R.J. Epstein, J.A. Seedor, N.G. Dreizen, R.D. Stulting, G.O. Waring 3rd, Wilson LA, et al., Penetrating keratoplasty for

Abstract: Pregnancy has been shown to increase susceptibility to gingival inflammation. It is unclear whether pregnancy gingivitis proceeds to periodontitis .The aim of this study was to determine the severity of periodontal changes during pregnancy and post partum and to compare the findings with an age matched group of non -pregnant women . Methodology: 64 systemically healthy pregnant and non pregnant women were included. Pregnant women were examined at 12-14, 25-27, 34-38weeks of pregnancy and 4-6 weeks post-partum. Non -pregnant women were examined four times once per subsequent month. Plaque index, gingival index and community periodontal index was recorded...........

Keywords: Gingivitis, Periodontitis, Post-partum, Pregnancy.

[1]. Ojanotko-Harri AO, Harri M.P., Hurltia H.M. and Sewon L.A. Altered tissue metabolism of progesterone in pregnancy gingivitis and granuloma. J Clin Periodontol 1991; 18: 262-266.
[2]. Steinberg B.J.: Woman's Oral Health Issues. J Dent Edu, 1999; 63, 3: 271-275.
[3]. Miyagi M., Aoyama H., Moroshita M and Iwamoto Y. Effects of Sex Hormones on Chemotaxis of Human Peripheral Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Monocytes. J Periodontol 1992; 63:28-32.
[4]. Laine M.A. Effect of pregnancy on periodontal and dental health. Acta Odontol Scand 2002; 60:257-264.
[5]. Silness J. and Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 1964; 22:121-135

Abstract: Breast is an apocrine gland – a modified sweat gland derived from ectoderm, acts as secondary sexual organ in females. It is rudimentary in males. It acts as mammary glands in females which produce and secrete milk to feed infants. Breast lumps are localized swellings that feel different from the surrounding breast tissue. It is a symptom/sign for a variety of conditions which on most occasions are nonmalignant. Approximately 10% of breast lumps ultimately lead to a diagnosis of breast cancer . Causes of breast lump can be classified on clinical and pathological basis.............

Keywords: Breast lump, Duct Ectasia, Phylloides Tumor, FNAC, Carcinoma Breast.

[1]. "Breast – Definition of breast by Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com. Available in: http: //www.merriamwebster.
com/dictionary/breast.
[2]. Hunt KK, Newman LA, Copeland EM, Bland KI.The Breast. Shwartz Principles of surgery. 9th ed. McGraw Hill International Book
Company; 2009.p. 497-564.
[3]. Cooper A. Illustration of the disease of the breast London: Longman 1829; 15(1): 535-39.
[4]. Koenign P. Benign disorders and Disease of breast. Massiuschronica cysticacentralblatti fir chirugie 1993; 20: 49-53.
[5]. Haagensen. The Breast. Diseases of the breast 2nd ed. Saunders London; 1971: p.353-370.

Abstract: Infections are the most serious complications of acute leukemia. In adult lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), profound neutropenia is expected because of intensive chemotherapy. There is an inverse correlation between granulocyte count and both the incidence and severity of infection. In this study, thirty-eight adult patients of acute leukemia (AML-25, ALL-13) were prospectively studied from January to October 2016 to evaluate the etiology and outcome of febrile episodes. There were 72 febrile episodes, related to severe neutropenia (Neutrophil <500/mm3) in 88.8% cases. The mean duration of fever was 15 days and it correlated with the period of neutropenia. Clinical or radiological evidence of infection was seen in 50 patients (69.4%).............

Keywords: Leukemia, Neutropenia, Infection, Pyrexia

[1]. Jolis L, Carabantes F, Pernas S, Cantos B, López A, Torres P, et al; PRAXIS Study Group. Incidence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and current practice of prophylaxis with granulocyte colonystimulating factors in cancer patients in Spain: a prospective, observational study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2013 Jul;22(4):513-21. doi: 10.1111/ecc.12057.
[2]. Roongpoovapatr P, Suankratay CJ. Causative pathogens of fever in neutropenic patients at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Med Assoc Thai, 2010 Jul;93(7):776-83.
[3]. Advani SH, Kochupillai V, Lalitha N, Shanta V, Maitreyan V, Nair R, et al. Infections in the immunocompromised host: a prospective multicenter survey in patients receiving chemotherapy for acute leukemia. J Assoc Physicians India., 1996 Nov;44(11):769-73.

Abstract: Background: Leptin, a 16 KDa protein hormone is one of the most important adipocytokine that modulates metabolic processes by regulating energy intake and expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. However, under pathological conditions such as leptin resistance, leptin has been found to activate inflammatory cells including Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) thereby causing damage to the heart. In the present study, we aimed at investigating if leptin could act as an immunomodulator in PBMCs and trigger the secretion of TNF-α and iNOS (inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase).............

Keywords: Leptin, Cardiovascular Disease, Inflammation, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Leptin resistance.

[1]. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature. 1994;372:425–432.

[2]. Considine RV, Considine EL, Williams CJ, Nyce MR, Magosin SA, Bauer TL, et al. Evidence against either a premature stop codon or the absence of obese gene mRNA in human obesity. J Clin Invest.1995;95:2986–2988.

[3]. Frühbeck G. Intracellular signalling pathways activated by leptin. Biochem J. 2006;393:7–20

[4]. Dubey L, Hesong Z. Role of leptin in atherogenesis. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2006;11:269–275.

[5]. Li, J., Li, F., and Zhao, A. (2006) Inflammation and leptin. Drug Discov. Today Dis Mech. 3, 387-393.

Abstract: Multicentric giant cell tumour is a extremely rare variant of GCT. We report a case of multicentric giant cell tumour of 15 year old boy involving the distal femur, proximal and distal tibia of the same limb. Patient was treated with reconstructive arthrodesis for right knee and curettage with bone cement filling for right distal tibia. Patient is on regular follow up and there is no sign of recurrence and metastasis even after 1 year of biopsy.

Keywords:Multicentric, giant cell tumour, synchronous, open biopsy, curettage.

[1]. Dahlin DC, Unni KK; Giant cell tumour(Osteoclastoma). In Charles Thomas, Bone tumour, 4th ed., Illinois; Springfield, 1986;119-
40
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[3]. C. A. Peimer, A. L. Schiller, H. J. Mankin, and R. J. Smith, "Multicentric giant-cell tumour of bone," Journal of Bone and Joint
Surgery, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 652–656, 1980.
[4]. B.Hoch, C. Inwards, M. Sundaram, and A. E. Rosenberg, "Multicentric giant cell tumour of bone: clinico-pathologic analysis of
thirty cases," Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, vol. 88, no. 9, pp.1998–2008, 2006.
[5]. Szendroi M. Giant cell tumour of bone: A review article. J Bone Joint surg 2004; 86-B: 5-2.

Abstract: Deafness dystonia optic neuronopathy (DDON) syndrome is an extremely rare X linked single gene disorder characterized by prelingual or post lingual sensorinural hearing loss since childhood (SNHL),optic neuropathy, progressive dystonia, and behavioral problems. Herein we report a case of 20 year old Indian male who presented with complaints of increased hearing since he was 9 years old and visual difficulty which had started recently approximately at 19 years of age with associated behavioral problems. Investigations revealed bilateral profound hearing loss with optic atrophy.

Keywords: Deafness, optic neuropathy, syndrome, genetic.

[1]. Mohr J, Mageroy K. SeX-linked deafness of a possibly new type. Acta Genet Stat Med. 1960;10:54–62
[2]. Tranebjaerg L, Van Ghelue M, Nilssen O, Hodes ME, Dlouhy SR, Farlow MR, Hamel B, Arts WFM, Jankovic J, Beach J, Jensen
PKA.Jensen syndrome is allelic to Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome and both are caused by mutations in the DDP gene. Am J Hum
Genet. 1997; 61S:A349.
[3]. Tranebjaerg L. Mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations in inner membrane chaperone proteins. In: Wong LJC, ed.
Mitochondrial Disorders Caused by Nuclear Genes. New York, NY: Springer; 2012:337-66.
[4]. Tranebjaerg L, Schwartz C, Eriksen H, Andreasson S, Ponjavic V, Dahl A, Stevenson RE, May M, Arena F, Barker D. A new X
linked recessive deafness syndrome with blindness, dystonia, fractures, and mental deficiency is linked to Xq22. J Med Genet.
1995;32: 257– 63.
[5]. Deafness-Dystonia-Optic Neuronopathy Syndrome.Lisbeth Tranebjærg, February 6, 2003; Last Update: January 31, 2013

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of decortication of cortical bone on bone formation in periosteal distraction osteogenesis . Titanium mesh was placed between the periosteum and lateral surface of the mandible in 10 adult rabbits. The buccal cortical bone was porously perforated by drilling in 5 rabbits ( test group) and the others without decortication ( control group). Rabbits were sacrificed after 8 weeks. Specimens were fixed, decalcified, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histologic examination was performed on all specimens. Histologic evaluation in control group showed

Keywords: Decortication, Osteogenesis, Periosteal Distraction

[1]. P. Kessler, L. Bumiller, A. Schlegel, T. Birkholz, F.W. Neukam, J Wiltfang. Dynamic periosteal elevation. Br J Oral Maxillofac
Surg, 45, 2007, 284–287.
[2]. T. Oda, K. Kinoshita, M. Ueda. Effects of cortical bone perforation onperiosteal distraction: an experimental study in the rabbit
mandible. JOral Maxillofac Surg, 67, 2009 ,1478–85.
[3]. B.L. Schmidt, L. Kung, C. Jones, N. Casap. Induced osteogenesis by periosteal distraction. Journal, 60 , 2002, 1170-1175.
[4]. K. Yamauchi, T. Takahashi, K. Funaki, Y. Yamashita. Periosteal expansion osteogenesis using highly purified beta-tricalcium
phosphate blocks: a pilot study in dogs. J Periodontol, 79, 2008, 999–1005.
[5]. A. Al Nashar, H. Yakoob , E. Boutros. Induced Osteogensis by Periosteal distraction in cranio-maxillofacail region: A systematic
review. International Journal of Current Research, 8, (06), 2016, 32707-32714.

Abstract: Aim: Alcohol dependence Syndrome has deleterious consequences not only on addict but also on the members of family especially spouses given the intimate nature of their relationship. The present study was undertaken to assess the pattern of psychiatric morbidity, quality of life and marital satisfaction in spouses of men with alcohol dependence syndrome. Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken on 100 spouses of men with alcohol dependence syndrome, subjects were assessed using a semi structured proforma, spouses were evaluated for psychiatric morbidity. Severity of alcohol dependence in the husbands................

Keywords: Marital satisfaction; psychiatric morbidity; spouses of men with alcohol dependence

[1]. Global Status Report on Alcohol. Geneva: 2004. World Health Organization
(WHO)http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/globalstatusreportalcohol2004_alcconsumpt.
[2]. Gururaj G, Girish N, Benegal V. New Delhi: Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2006. Burden and Socio-Economic Impact of
Alcohol-Bangalore Study.
[3]. Ray R. The Extent, Pattern and Trends of Drug Abuse in India: National Survey. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment and
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2004
[4]. Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use
disorders. Lancet. 2009;373-4.
[5]. WHO Expert Committee Report on Problems Related to Alcohol Consumption.
http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/expert_committee_alcohol_trs.

Abstract: Infertility is the major concern around the cross section of the world, In India it is not only medical problem, but it brings along many social, psychological & high pollution & stress. Each & every woman has to become a mother, when she can't become mother it is commonly described as infertility. Percentage of infertility in increasing day by day although there are tremendous revolutionary upgrades in this field

Keywords: Infertility, Shatpushpa, Artavnirmiti, Anovulatory Cycle

[1]. CharakSamhita With 'Ayurvedadipika' commentary'Chakrapanidatta'&'Vidyoniti' commentaryBy Pt.
KashinathShastri(ChoukhambaSanskrit Series Office, Varanasi, Vol. I 1969 (Ist Ed) Vol. II 1970 (IstEd)) (1)
[2]. Sushruta Samhita With 'Nibandhasamgraha' commentary Of Dalhanacharya &'Nyayachandrikapanjika' commentary Of Sri
Gayadasacharya (ChoukhambaSanskrit Series Office, Varanasi; 1980 (Vth EdReprint))
[3]. BhavprakashaNighantuWithcommentaryByShri.K. C. Chunekar&Shri. G. S. Pandeya (ChaukhambaVidyabhavana Varanasi, 1969
(IVthEd))
[4]. KashyapSamhita With English translation by Prof. P. V. Tiwari(ChaukhambaVishwabharatiPrakashan, Varanasi, 1996 (IstEd.))
[5]. CharakSamhita Translated by Prof. Priyavrat Sharma (ChoukhambaOrientalia, Varanasi, Vol. I 1981 (Ist Ed.))

Abstract: Background: fixed orthodontic appliances have a great effect on the gingival health and the plaque accumulation due to the presence of fixed appliance components (bands, bonds, wires and auxillary attachment) Aim of study: This study was designed to compare periodontal health of patients with and without orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance Material & Method: The study sample was composed of 70 subjects with age ranged between (18-30) years old. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group I was composed of 30 subjects (15 females and 15 males) who were not wearing orthodontic appliances...............

Keywords: Fixed orthodontic appliance, gingivitis, plaque index.

[1]. Armitage GC (2004)." Periodontal diagnosis and classification of periodontal diseases". Periodontal 2000 34:9-21.
[2]. 2 .American academy of periodontology. Proceedings of the world workshop in clinical periodontics. Chicago: the American
Academy of periodontology; 1989: I/I-23/24.
[3]. Ammons WF, Schectman LR, Page RC (1972). "host tissue response in chronic periodontal disease". 1. The normal periodontium
and clinical manifestations of dental and periodontal disease in the marmoset". J.periodont. Res. 7 (2):34-131.
[4]. Kitad R.P., 2009. Increase in detachable opportunistics bacteria in oral cavity of orthodontic patients. Int. J Dent Hyg; 7(2):25-121.
[5]. Alexander SA. 1999. Effects of orthodontic attachments on the gingival health of permanent second molars. AM J Orthod
Dentofacial Orthop; 100(4):337-40.

Abstract: Aim:To conduct a systematic review of the literature on how efficient the probiotics helps in the prevention of dental caries and to determine its effect on caries risk factors. Methodology:Records were searched from Cochrane, PubMed and Google Scholar from (1971-2015 August). Out of 721 articles originally identified, 82 records were considered potentially eligible and sought for further assessment. 32 articles met the inclusion criteria and these studies were assessed independently for methodology and performance. Results:Out of 32 included studies, 16 short term studies showed significant reduction in streptococcus counts, 8 short term studies showed reduction in streptococcus count in saliva and/or plaque and 3 long term studies had no effect on streptococcus mutans count in saliva and/or plaque...............

Keywords: Probiotics, dental caries, type of probiotics, plaque pH., streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli and buffering capacity.

[1]. Manish Bhalla, NavinAnand Ingle, Navpreet Kaur, PramodYadav.Mutans streptococci estimation in saliva before and after
consumption of probiotic curd among school children. Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.
2015, 5(1),31-34
[2]. Ahmad ZareJavid, EssamAmerian, Leila Basir, AlirezaEkrami, Mohammad HoseinHaghighi-zadeh.Effects of Short-term
Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt on Streptococcus Mutans and lactobacilli Levels in 18-30 Years Old Students with Initial Stages
of Dental Caries in Ahvaz City.Nutrition and Food Sciences Research. 2015, 2(2), 7-12.
[3]. Gagandeep Kaur Sidhu, SomasundarMantha, SurekhaMurthi, HimagiriSura, PravallikaKadaru,Jogender Kumar
Jangra.Evaluation of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans by Addition of Probiotics in the form of Curd in the Diet.Journal of
International Oral Health, 2015; 7(7):85-89.
[4]. Ali Nozari , Mohammad Motamedifar , NasimSeifi , ZeynabHatamizargaran ,Mohammad Ali Ranjbar.The Effect of Iranian
Customary Used Probiotic Yogurt on the Children's Salivary Cariogenic Microflora .J Dent Shiraz UnivMed Sci., 2015; 16(2): 81-
86.

Abstract: Introduction: The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is complete regeneration of the periodontal attachment apparatus. The combination of various regenerative biologic agents has recently attracted in the field of reconstructive periodontal surgery. Aim: The aim of the case report is to evaluate the effect of combining bone replacement graft, guided tissue regeneration and concentrated growth factor in the surgical treatment of grade II mandibular furcation involvement.

Keywords: Grade II furcation, CGF, bone replacement graft, GTR

[1]. Gokmenoglu C et al.Bone Defects with Concentrated Growth Factor:Four Case Reports. International Journal of Oral and Dental
Health 2016;2(2):1-3.
[2]. Anilkumar k et al.Triple Combination Therapy-A 12 Month Case Series. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
2013;4(1):1684-89.
[3]. DeSanctis M, Murphy KG. The role of resective periodontal surgery in the treatment of furcation defects. Periodontol 2000
2000;22:154-68.
[4]. Parihar S A. Furcation involvement & its treatment: a review. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research 2015;
3(1):81-87
[5]. The effect of concentrated growth factors on ridge augmentation. Dental inc 2009:37-40.

Abstract: Greenhouse technology intensively increased in Gaza Strip and used large amounts of insecticides and fungicides for pest control. This created toxicity symptoms among farmers. This study characterized the acute toxicity of applied pesticides among farmers working in greenhouses. The study based on data collection from 57 greenhouse farmers, blood collection for acetylcholine esterase determination, and health records investigation of the acute cases. It appeared that about 139 farmers were working in greenhouses for tomato and cucumber production and spraying pesticides several times during the week..............

Keywords: Insecticides, acetylcholine esterase, acute toxicity, ALT

[1]. Ahmad S.A., Sabullah M.K., Shamaan N.A., Abd Shukor M.Y., Jirangon H., Khalid A., Syed M.A. Evaluation of
acetylcholinesterase source from fish, Tor tambroides for detection of carbamate. J Environ Biol. 2016 Jul;37(4):479-84.
[2]. Aly N.; El-Gendy, K., (2015) Impact of parathion exposure on some biochemical parameters in rabbit as a non target organism.
Alexandria Journal of Medicine (in press)
[3]. Araoud M., Neffeti F., Douki W., Khaled L., Najjar M.F., Kenani A., Houas Z. Toxic effects of methamidophos on paraoxonase 1
activity and on rat kidney and liver and ameliorating effects of alpha-tocopherol. Environ Toxicol. 2016, 31:842-54. doi:
10.1002/tox.22095.
[4]. Aroonvilairat S., Kespichayawattana W., Sornprachum T., Chaisuriya P., Siwadune T., Ratanabanangkoon K., Effect of Pesticide
Exposure on Immunological, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Thai Orchid Farmers—A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J.
Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 5846-5861; doi:10.3390/ijerph120605846

Abstract: Background: The aging process and hormonal changes during menopause have effect on the bone metabolism. Objective: of this study was to evaluate the risk of accelerate bone mass loss by assessing bone markers such as serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and PTHinPre and post-menopausal Sudanesewomen. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in 50Premenopausal women aged (18-40 years) and 50 postmenopausal women aged (50-80 years),during February-May 2015, Height and weight of each woman were taken to find out the body mass index (BMI). Serum calcium,phosphorus, totalalkaline phosphatase, andparathyroid hormone of eachsubject were determined................

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[5]. Hoffman BL, Schorge JO, Schaffer JI, Halvorson LM, Bradshaw KD, Cunningham F, Calver LE. Chapter 21. Menopausal
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Abstract: Thalassemia's are genetic disorders inherited from a person's parents. Thalassemia's are prevalent worldwide with 25,000 deaths in 2013.Highest rates are in the Mediterranean, Italy, Greece, Turkey, West Asia, North Africa, South Asian, and Southeast Asia. Highest carriers(30% of the population) in the Maldives.Thalassemia's are classified into alpha-thalassemia, Beta-thalassemia, thalassemia intermedia, and beta thalassemia minor. The severity of alpha and beta thalassemia depends on how many of four genes for
alpha or two genes for beta globin are missing..........

Keywords: Carrier detection, Genetic disorder, Treatment, Thalassemia,

[1]. What Are Thalassemia's ?.NHLBI.July 3,2012.Retrieved 5 September 2016
[2]. What Causes Thalassemia's ?NHLBI.July 3,2012.Retrieved 5 September 2016.
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[4]. Clin.Methods in Ped.Jaypee Brothers Publishers.2005.p.21.ISBN 9788171798087.

Abstract: Background: Primary objective to study efficacy of Esmolol , lignocaine and combincation of esmolol and lignaocaine with respect to heart rate and blood pressure during laryngoscopy and intubation Materials and Methods: We conducted this study as a prospective randomized study. A total of 183 adult patients were randomly selected who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. They were divided into three groups and study was conducted. Conclusion: Combination was found to bemore effective than individual Esmolol or lignocaine in attenuating the sympoathetic response to largyncoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Keywords: Lignocaine, esmolol

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intubation by various drugs in normotensive patients, Hospital Today. 2000; 9.
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Abstract: Acute appendicitis is an infrequent surgical emergency in pregnancy occurring in about 1:1500 pregnancies. The classical abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen is the only reliable clinical sign. Delay in diagnosis is attributed to presence of symptoms commonly seen in pregnancy like nausea and vomiting and difficulty in localizing abdominal pain due to displacement of the appendix with advancing gestation. Its frequency is not altered by pregnancy. This is a serious association that involves the maternal and fetal prognosis.............

Keywords: Acute appendicitis–pregnancy–generalized peritonitis– diagnosis difficulties-laparoscopic surgery

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2006;202(3):401-6

Abstract: Association of congenital pyloric atresia with epidermolysis bullosa (EB-PA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. We report a case of EBPA which was suspected on antenatal ultrasound examination and confirmed later when baby delivered.

Keywords: Epidermolysis bullosa, congenital pyloric atresia, hydronephrosis

[1]. Adashi EY, Louis FJ, Vasquez M, An unusual case of epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria letalis with cutaneous scarring and pyloric
atresia, J Pediatr, 96, 1980, 443-446.

[2]. Fine JD, Eady RA, Bauer EA, Bauer JW, Bruckner-Tuderman L, et al., The classification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB):
report of the third international consensus meeting on diagnosis and classification of EB, J Am Acad Dermatol,58(6),2008, 931–50.
[3]. Samad L, Siddiqui EF, Arain MA, Atif M, Parkash J, Ahmed S, et al., Pyloric atresia associated with epidermolysis bullosa- three
cases presenting in three months, J Pediatr Surg, 39, 2004,1267-1269.
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[5]. Maman E, Maor E, Kachko L, Carmi R, Epidermolysisbullosa,pyloric atresia, aplasia cutis congenita: histopathological delineation
of an autosomal recessive disease, Am J Med Genet,78, 1998, 127–33.

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition affecting many with incidence rapidly growing worldwide. Approximately, 7.1 million Africans were said to be suffering from diabetes at the end of 2000, a figure that was expected to rise to 18.6 million by 2030 (Wild et al., 2004). Materials and Methods: This study determined the relationship between the dietary pattern and level of antioxidant enzymes of some diabetic patients attending the Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe. The patients are registered with the hospital and have their glycated haemoglobin level above normal and their informed consent was sought. The hospital also gave an ethical clearance for the research.............

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Dietary pattern, Antioxidant enzymes, Glycated haemoglobin, Diabetic subjects.

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