iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2016

Abstract: Background:Breast cancer is the 2nd commonest malignancy in women , after Ca Cervix. Current studies have shown that early detection of breast cancer improves the survival rate upto 99%. Aims and objectives:This study aims in finding out patients with early breast cancer and to treat them in early stages. To compare the various modalities of treatment of early breast cancer and follow up. Materials and methods:prospective study on 53 cases with early breast cancer, admitted in Coimbatore medical college , during 2007-2010 and evaluated. Treated with breast conservative surgery and MRM in selected patients. Patients were followed up for the period of 5 years, and results were analysed............

Keywords:Axillary clearance, breast conservative surgery, early breast cancer, modified radical mastectomy.

[1]. Last's applied anatomy, 10th edition 1999.
[2]. Lee Mc Gregor's synopsis of surgical anatomy, 12th edition.
[3]. Walter and Israel pathology, 7th edition.
[4]. Robbin's pathologic basis of disease , Cotran, Kumar and Robbins
[5]. 5th edition, 1089-1110...

Abstract: Objective: To measure the diagnostic yield of BAL using PCR in suspected Smear negative patient for tuberculosis.
Method: BAL specimen of 100 patient with suspected Smear negative who have 3 respective negative sputum Smear. Fiber optic bronchoscopy was done. Result: Out of 100%, 82% patient BAL was positive for PCR,sensitivity of test=97.6% & specifcity =62.5 &
24% of BAL was positive for AFB smear,sensitivity=80% &specificity=42% and 18% patient was negative for AFB smear of which. 2 were diagnosed for Lung cancer, 8 = Pneumonia.

Keywords:BAL: Brorcho Alveolar lavage, FOB: Fiber optic bronchoscopy, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction, AFB: Acid Fast Bacilli, MTB: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, MDR: Multi Drug Resistance

[1]. World Health organization Global tuberculosis control. Surveillance, planning, financing in WHO report 2005 Geneva 2005; 1 –
258.
[2]. WHO (2009) global tuberculosis control: a short update to the 2009 report: accessed 07 may 2010.
[3]. Garg SK, Tiwari RP, Tiwari D.Etal Diagnosis of tuberculosis, available technologies, limitation and possibilities J.Clin Lab Anal
2003:17:155-63.
[4]. Desta K, Asrat D, Lemma E, Gebeyenu M, Feleke B, Prevelance of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis among patients visiting
St. Peter's Tuberculosis specialized Hospital Ethiofmed 2009 47:17-24.
[5]. Kheawon N, Chuang – Ngam S, Mitsougneun S, Peam – AM.J Vislsawadi J role of routine bronchial washing culture for
TUBERCULOSIS in Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Thailand. J.med Assoc Thailand 2013:96:558-63.

Abstract: Burn is a major cause of death in all medico-legal cases. There is high incidence of burn injuries in the developing countries creating a formidable public health problem. Our objective of the present study is to measure the magnitude and epidemiology of burn deaths amongst females in Ranchi, Jharkhand. The study was conducted from Jan 2014 to Dec 2015 in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Out of the total 93 burn cases brought for autopsy, 70 were female burn cases. The highest number of the victims was in the age group of 21 to 30 years (34.3%). Majority of the cases were married (78.6%).............

Keywords: burn, dowry, medico-legal case, septicemia.

[1]. Reddy, K S Narayan. The essential of forensic medicine and toxicology.33rd edition 2014; 320.
[2]. Vaghela PC, Ahir GN, Patel MH. Epidemiology of fatal burn cases in GK General Hospital, Bhuj. National Journal of Community
Medicine. 2012; 3(2):326-29.
[3]. World fire report- world life expectancy. Available from www.worldlifeexpectency.com/world-fire-report.
[4]. Gupta R, Kumar V, Tripathi SK. Profile of the Fatal Burn Deaths from the Varanasi Region, India. 2012; 6(4):608-11
[5]. Kumar V. Bride burning – a social evil. J For Med Toxicology 1999; 9(9):28-9.

Abstract: Strongyloidiasis is an infectious parasitic disease caused by the intestinal nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, also called as cochin-china diarrhea. It is mostly asymptomatic but if it presents, then is usually seen with vague gastrointestinal complaints. Proximal Small bowel obstruction is a poorly clinally recognized and reported complication. We hereby present a case of partial small bowel obstruction from S. Stercoralis. A 38 year old man from West-Bengal presented with 5 months history of post prandial nausea, abdominal bloating and bilious vomiting along with significant weight loss. His plain X-ray abdomen, barium meal follow through and triple CECT scan were consistent with partial proximal bowel obstruction. He presented to different hospitals and was treated for his symptoms, but a definite diagnosis could not be made. We performed exploratory laprotomy and resection anastmosis and histopathological examination of the proximal jejunum revealed a dead intra mural nematode with intense inflammation. Post operative period were unremarkable. He was followed up after 3 and 6 months..........

[1]. Ruy J cruz , Rodrigo Vincenzi, Bernardo M Ketzer (2010) Duodenal obstruction –an unusual presentation of Strongyloides
Stercoralis enteritis : a case report. World J Emerg Surg 5: 23.
[2]. Siddiqui AA, Berk SL, Genta RM (2005): Strongyloidiasis, Tropical Infectious Diseases. Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA. Genta RM
(1989) Global prevalence of strongyloidiasis: critical review with epidemiologic insights into the prevention of disseminated
disease. Rev Infect Dis 11: 755-767.
[3]. Vadlamudi RS, Chi DS, Krishnaswamy G (2006) Intestinal strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection syndrome. Clin Mol Allergy 4: 8.
[4]. Grove DI (1989) Clinical manifestations: Strongyloidiasis. A Major Roundworm Infection of Man. Taylor & Friends, Philadelphia,
USA.
[5]. Niess JH, Reinecker HC (2006) Dendritic cells in the recognition of intestinal microbiota. Cell Microbiol 8: 558-564

Abstract: Background: To study the left ventricular(LV) function in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with microalbuminuria and find out if any correlation exists between LV dysfunction and duration of diabetes. Methods: In this observational study Type 2 DM patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to Micral Test. Echocardiographic assessment was done using standard criteria in those patients who were positive for microalbuminuria . Left ventricular systolic as well as diastolic function was assessed and the data statistically analysed for any significant correlation with duration of diabetes..............

Keywords: Type 2 DM, Cardiomyopathy, Diastolic dysfunction, Systolic dysfunction, Microalbuminuria

[1]. Alvin C. Powers .Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis,Classification and pathophysiology. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine.19th
Edin. Dennis L. Kasper, Anthony S. Fauci,Stephen M L. Hauser(Editors) .McGraw-Hill Education,Vol.2Chap.417:2399-2407
[2]. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th Edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation,2013.
[3]. Govt. Of India(2011),National health Profile 2011, Ministry of Health and family welfare, New Delhi.
[4]. C Ronald Kahn, Gordon C. Weir, George L. King et al. Mechanisms of Diabetic Complications. Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus.(14th
Edn). Wolter Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.49;823-837.
[5]. Ahmed SS, Jaiferi GA, Narang RM. Preclinical abnormalities of left ventricular function in Diabetis Mellitus. Am Heart
J,1975;89:153-158.

Abstract: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal illness caused by retrovirus known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). India's HIV pandemic is slowing down, with 19% decline in new HIV infections and 38% decline in AIDS-related deaths between 2005 and 2013. Still there is a lot of scope regarding improvement in terms of knowledge about HIV/ AIDS and utilization of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services by the community........

Keywords:HIV/AIDS;Knowledge, Attitude and Practices; ICTC; nutrition; condom; NACO; voluntary clients;questionnaire; vaccine.

[1]. WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS Global update on HIV treatment 2013: results, impact and opportunities. Geneva, World Health
Organization, 2013.
[2]. Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/ AIDS.
[3]. UNAIDS, World AIDS Day Report 2014 Factsheet.
[4]. National AIDS ControlOrganization (NACO). HIV/AIDS epidemiological surveillance and estimation annual report for the year
2012-13. NACO Ministry of Health and Family.
[5]. Draft Report on Independent Evaluation of National AIDS Control Programme. p.2

Abstract: Lightning stroke is one of the most frequent causes of death by natural phenomenon. When there is discharge of electricity between clouds lightning occurs. Deaths due to lightning occur throughout the world and the incidences are more in the rural areas compared to the cities. This study was aimed to study the profile and analysis of lightning victims. The study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Total 24 cases of lightning victims were brought in the period of 03 years from 2013 to 2015. Most of the victims were males (66.6%) of rural areas. 91.6% victims were farmers and 20.8% of the incident took on Saturday in the afternoon (66.6%). The incidence of lightning occurred mostly in the monsoon season (July-37.4%). The majority of the victims (83.3%) died of cardiopulmonary arrest and 41.7% of victims showed the survival period of 1 to 24 hours. Though unpredictable, such deaths are preventable with better public education, rural health care, etc.

Keywords: education, electricity, cardiopulmonary arrest, lightning

[1]. Modi. A textbook of medical jurisprudence and toxicology.24th edition 2012; p494.
[2]. www.harkphoto.com.
[3]. www.Ncrb.in ASDI 2014.
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[5]. Aslar AK, Soran A, Yildiz. Epidemiology, morbidity, mortality and treatment of lightning injuries in a Turkish burn units. Int. J.
Clin. Pract. 2001; 55:502-504..

Abstract: Introduction: High quality, high volume cataract surgery is needed to effectively manage the large backlog of cataract blindness with less postoperative complications. The present study has been conducted in order to find out and compare the degree of post-operative astigmatism following cataract surgery by conventional ECCE and converted ECCE..........

Keywords:Astigmatism, converted ECCE, conventional ECCE..

[1]. Bron AJ, Tripathy RC, Tripathy BJ. Wolff"s Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit. 8th ed.
[2]. London(UK): Arnold member of the Hodder Headline Group; 2001.p.411- 2.
[3]. Sihota R, Tandon R. Parsons' Disease of the Eye. 21st ed. New Delhi: Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd; 2011. p. 257-79.
[4]. Jaffee NS. Cataract Surgery and its complications. 4th ed. Missouri: The C.V Mosby
[5]. Company;1984. p. 33-110.le

Abstract: Objective: To study lipid abnormality in stroke patients in tribal population of West Bengal Methods: This observational cross-sectional study evaluated 100 stroke patients in 40-90 years age group. A thorough history and clinical evaluation was done in each patient as also necessary investigations were conducted meticulously among patients admitted in Medicine ward of a peripheral state medical hospital. Lipid profile was assessed in all participants along with neuroimaging to classify the stroke. Results : Out of 100 patients 26 patients had dyslipidemia (7 in hemorrhagic & 19 in ischemic stroke patients). Dyslipidemia is associated with both types of stroke . However hyper cholesterolemia is significantly more associated with ischemic CVA. Low HDL – cholesterol is also significantly more prevalent in ischemic CVA group in our study............

Keywords: stroke, dyslipidemia, cholesterol, LDL & HDL-cholesterol

[1]. The World Health Report 2004. Annex table 2: Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in WHO regions, estimates for 2002.
[2]. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial(MRFIT). Iso H, Jacobs Dr Jr, Wentworth D et al. Serum cholesterol and six year
mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial(MRFIT). N.E.J.M. 1989; 320: 904-
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cerebrovascular accidents. JIMA 1995; 93 : 331-32.
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Abstract: Phonetics is the study of vocal cord sounds. Communication between the individuals is the basis for civilized growth of the community and speech dominates human communication. The ability to produce, manipulate and articulate with sound is called speech. The restoration of form and function of missing teeth and oral structures not only denotes esthetics and mastication, but also phonetics if applied correctly aid in fabrication of physiologically and functionally sound prosthesis

Keywords: Complete Denture, Components of speech, Phonetics, Sound.

[1]. Zarb and Bolender. "Prosthodontic treatment for the edentulous patient: Complete dentures and Implant- supported prostheses‟, 12thedition , Elsevier publication, 2004,pg 370-388.
[2]. Saryu Arora, ManpreetWalia and ShushantGarg. Indian Journal of Dental Sciences. June 2011(3);36-40.
[3]. Allen L.R. "Improved phonetics in denture construction. J Prosthet Dent 1958; 8(5): 753-763.
[4]. Martone A. L. "Clinical Applications of Concepts of Functional Anatomy and Speech.‟ Part II – "Musculature of expression." J Prosthet Dent 1962;12:4-27.
[5]. Alexander L. Martone, John W. Black. "An approach to prosthodontics through speech science.‟ Part IV – "Physiology of speech." J Prosthet Dent 1962; 12(3): 409-419.

Abstract: Mycobacterium abscessus is a Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria found mainly in patients with respiratory or cutaneous infections, but it rarely causes disseminated infections. In this case report patient, 65 years-old patient, masculine gender, slaughterhouse worker with granulomatous lesions, presenting olecranon bursal tophi and external face with distal cubital radial articulation and right carpal and first carpal tunnel is presented. Puncture was performed in the dorsal region of the carpal region and right olecranon region in order to carry out acid-fast bacilli, culture, pheno- and genotypification. We proceeded to Polymerase chain reaction for confirmation of Mycobacterium abscessus.

Keywords: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria, mycobacteriosis, opportunistic

[1]. Fukui S, Sekiya N, Takizawa Y, Morioka H, Kato H, Aono A, et al. Disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus Infection Following
Septic Arthritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94:e861.
[2]. Koh WJ, Jeon K, Lee NY, Kim BJ, Kook YH, Lee SH, et al. Clinical significance of differentiation of Mycobacterium massiliense
from Mycobacterium abscessus. Am J RespirCrit Care Med 2011;183:405-410.
[3]. Stout JE, Floto RA. Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus: all macrolides are equal, but perhaps some are more equal than others.
Am J RespirCritCareMed 2012;186:822-823.
[4]. Organización Panamericana de la Salud y Organización Mundial de la Salud: Manual de para el diagnóstico bacteriológico de la
tuberculosis. Normas y Guíatécnica.OPS/OMS 2008.
[5]. Akyar I, Kocagoz T, Sinik G, Oktem S, Aytekin N, Kocagoz S. Lateral flow assay for rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex and 97 species of mycobacteria other than tuberculosis grown in Lowenstein-Jensen and TK-SLC medium.
Indian J Med Microbiol 2010;28:308-312.

Abstract: Maxillofacial trauma usually presents in the Emergency Department (Casualty) as either an isolated injury or as a part of polytrauma. Due to the evolution of more effective emergency transportation facilities and advanced life support, even patients that are severely injured survive to reach specialized trauma centres which are increasing successful in rescuing patients. Objective: The purpose of our study was To describe the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images over axial images in the imaging of patients with facial fractures and to describe and compare the detection of fractures in the axial and coronal planes.............

Keywords: Facial Injury; MDCT; Le Fort's; Trauma

[1]. Turner BG, Rhea JT, Thrall JH, Small AB, Novelline RA. Trends in the use of CT and radiography in the evaluation of facial
trauma, 1992-2002 : implications for current costs. Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:751-754
[2]. Tanrikula R, Erol B. Comparison of CT with conventional radiography for mid facial fractures. Dentomaxillofacial radiology
2001;30:141-146.
[3]. Taguchi K, Anno H, High temporal resolution for multislice helical computed tomography. Med Phys 2000; 27:1861-72.
[4]. Flohr T, Stierstorfer K, Bruder H, Simon J, Polacin A, Schaller S. Image reconstruction and image quality evaluation for a 16-slice
CT scanner. Med Phys 2003;30:832-45.
[5]. Solonen EM, Koivikko MP, Koskinen SK. Multidetector CT imaging of facial trauma in accident falls from heights. Acta
Radiologica 2007; 4: 449-455

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the outcomes of Endoscopic Repair of CSF Rhinorrhoea . Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad between 2011 to 2016, which is a Tertiary Referral Centre in South India. Study Design: This is a Retrospective study.............

Keywords: ...........

[1]. Wang EW, Vandergrift WA, Schlosser RJ. Spontaneous CSF Leaks. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2011;44(4):845-56, vii.
doi:10.1016/j.otc.2011.06.018.
[2]. Sannareddy RR, Rambabu K, Kumar VE, Gnana RB, Ranjan A. Endoscopic management of CSF rhinorrhea. Neurol India.
62(5):532-9. doi:10.4103/0028-3886.144453.
[3]. Virk JS, Elmiyeh B, Saleh HA. Endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: the charing cross experience. J Neurol
Surg B Skull Base. 2013;74(2):61-7. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1333620.
[4]. Kljajić V, Vuleković P, Vlaški L, Savović S, Dragičević D, Papić V. Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Braz J
Otorhinolaryngol. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.04.024.
[5]. Sayed MSU,Dunn CJ,Alaani A JA. Study of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea : A Birmingham Experience. Med Today.
2012;24(1):40-43.

Abstract: Objective: to identify risk factors of mortality in neonates with respiratory distress Design-a prospective study Setting-neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary level care (Hi-Tech Medical College, hospital in Bhubaneswar) Participants: Neonates admitted with respiratory distress over a period of 12 months(may 2015-April 2016) Outcome measures: risk factors for death analysed were antenatal factors i.e,per vaginal bleed,maternal fever,meconium stained liquor,foul smelling liquor,and prolonged rupture of membranes.Natal factors such as gestational age,birth weight and in post natal factors,neonatal factors such as presenting complaints,vitalsheart failure ,respiratory ,CRT,SpO2(pre ductal and post ductal )and complications like apneic attacks,sepsis,shock..............

Keywords: death,neonate,respiratory distress,SNCU.

[1]. "National neonatal perinatal database". Report forthe year 2002-2003. National Neonatology Forum,India
[2]. Kumar A and Bhat V. Epidemiology of RespiratoryDistress of newborn. Indian J Pediatr 1996; 63: 93-98.
[3]. Downes JJ, Vidyasagar D, Boggs TR Jr, MorrowGM. Respiratory distress in newborn infants; newclinical scoring system with acid
base and bloodgas correlations. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1970;9(6):325-31.
[4]. Silverman WC, Anderson DH. Controlled clinicaltrial on effects of water mist on obstructiverespiratory signs, death rate and
necropsy findingsamong premature infants. Pediatrics 1956;17:1-4.
[5]. Apgar V. A Proposal for a New Method ofEvaluation of the Newborn Infant. Curr Res AnesthAnalg 1953;32(4):260–67.

Abstract: Background: Sexual behaviours and practises of the youth are important in an era of HIV/AIDS especially since a third of Nigerian population are young. Parent-child sexuality communication has been identified as a protective factor for adolescent sexual and reproductive health, including HIV infection. Objectives: To assess sexual behaviours and practises of unmarried young undergraduates and factors which may influence them. Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study of 246 youths aged 15-24 years was done. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Chi2 and t-test were used to test for significance. p<0.05 was accepted as significant..............

Keywords: young-people, sexuality, practices, behaviour,unmarried.

[1]. Godswill J. Education and Sexuality: Towards addressing adolescents' reproductive health needs in Nigeria. Current Research J SocSci 2012; 4(4): 285-293.
[2]. Görgen R, Maier B, Diesfeld HJ. Problems related to schoolgirl pregnancies in Burkina Faso. Studies in Family Planning 1993, 24(5):283-294.
[3]. World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF. A Picture of Health: A Review and Annotated Bibliography of the Health of Young People in Developing Countries. Geneva: WHO, 1995;
[4]. Mbugua N. Factors inhibiting educated mothers in Kenya from giving meaningful sex-education to their daughters. SocSci Med. 2007;64(5):1079–89.
[5]. Paruk Z, Petersen I, Bhana A, Bell C, McKay M. Containment and contagion: How to strengthen families to support youth HIV prevention in South Africa. Afri J AIDS Research. 2005;4(1):57–63.

Abstract: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign intraosseous osteolytic tumor of the jaws with an unknown etiology. Clinically and radiologically, there are two variants, aggressive and non-aggressive. The lesion usually occur in patients younger than 30 years. Histologically identical lesions occur in patients with known genetic lesions such as cherubism, Noonan syndrome, or neurofibromatosis type 1. Surgical curettage or in aggressive lesions, resection, is the most common therapy. Histologically this lesion
consists of cellular fibrotic tissue with multinucleated giant cells, multiple foci of hemorrhage and trabecules of woven bone..............

Keywords: Central giant cell granuloma; Intraosseous lesion; Osteolytic; Biopsy

[1]. Barnes, L., Eveson, J. W., Reichart, P., & Sidransky, D. (n.d.). World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology &
Genetics Head and Neck Tumours IARC WHO Classification Head and Neck Tumours.
[2]. Baskaran, P., Gopal, M., Rastogi, V., & Misra, S. (2015). Aggressive central giant cell granuloma of the mandible, a diagnostic
dilemma. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, 3(3), 88. https://doi.org/10.4103/2321-3841.170614
[3]. de Lange, J., van den Akker, H. P., & van den Berg, H. (2007). Central giant cell granuloma of the jaw: a review of the literature
with emphasis on therapy options. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology, 104(5), 603–
615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.04.003
[4]. Edwards, P. C., Fox, J., Fantasia, J. E., Goldberg, J., & Kelsch, R. D. (2005). Bilateral central giant cell granulomas of the mandible
in an 8-year-old girl with Noonan syndrome (Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome). Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral
Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology, 99(3), 334–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.08.021
[5]. Hongal, B. P., Joshi, P., Kulkarni, V., & Baldawa, P. (2015). Central giant cell granulomas of the jaws : A review of the literature
with its emphasis on diff erential diagnosis on related lesions, 7–10. https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.ijcdmr.30

Abstract: Background: Exfoliative cytology is a cost-effective, rapid and highly efficient tool for the evaluation of body fluids and should be advised in all effusion cases. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of cell block versus conventional smear study and to ascertain the primary site of malignancy wherever possible. Material and Methods: All body cavity fluid samples - pleural fluid, ascitic fluid, pericardial fluid and synovial fluid were considered. The samples were processed by routine smear using PAP and MGG stain, and cell block in all cases. For all the cases suspicious of malignancy, PAS stain with and without diastase and Alcian blue stain were done.............

Keywords: Cytology, Cell block, Fluids, Pleural, Ascitic, Pericardial, Synovial

[1]. Kushwaha R, Shashikala P, Hiremath S, Basavaraj HG. Cells in pleural fluid and their value in differential diagnosis. J Cytol, 25, 2008, 138-143.
[2]. Pradhan S B, Pradhan B, Dali S. Cytology of body fluids from different sites: An approach for early diagnosis of malignancy. J Nepal Med Assoc, 45, 2006, 353-356.
[3]. Thapar M, Mishra RK, Sharma A, Goyal V, Goyal V. Critical analysis of cell block versus smear examination in effusions. J Cytol, 26, 2009, 60-64.
[4]. Joshi A, Mahajan N, Karmarkar PJ, Mahore SD. Diagnostic utility of various techniques used in body fluid cytology. IOSR J Med Dent Sci, 13, 2014, 13-18. [5]. Bhanvadia VM, Santwani PM, Vachhani JH. Analysis of diagnostic value of cytological smear method versus cell block method in body fluid cytology: study of 150 cases. Ethiop J Health Sci, 24, 2014, 125-131.

Abstract: Successful endodontic treatment requires an understanding of root canal anatomy and morphology. The abberant morphology of mandibular premolars has always been a challenge for the endodontist. The incidence of two canals in mandibular second premolars can be as low as 2.5% and in first premolars is 25.5% according to Vertucci .This article reports cases of mandibular premolars having different canal configuration (Vertucci type IV and Type V configuration).Article emphasizes the use of CBCT for predictive assessment and treatment of tooth presenting with such varying morphologies.

[1]. Monika Bhardwaj1 Mandibular Second Premolar With Atypical Root Canal Morphology: A Case Report International Journal of
Dental and Health Sciences Case Report Volume 02, Issue 04,2015
[2]. V. P. Hariharavel Root Canal Treatment of Mandibular Second Premolar with Three Separate Roots and Canals Using Spiral
Computed Tomographic.Case Reports in Dentistry Volume 2014
[3]. Bonny Paul and Kavita Dube Endodontic Treatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Three Roots and Three Canals Case
Reports in Dentistry
[4]. Volume 2014
[5]. Endodontic management of mandibular second premolar with three roots and three root canals: A case reportNidhi Shrivastava1,
Marisha Bhandari2, Journal of orofacial sciences.2016

Abstract: Depression, anxiety, and stress start at an early developmental stage of anadolescent. They increase the vulnerability of students, increase thesusceptibilityto minor and sometimes severe mental illnesses. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, coping strategies and other factors among first-year undergraduates. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 675 students of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) using cluster sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was used consisting of socio-demographic, environmental and socio-economic questions, DASS-21 and Brief-COPE inventory. The Majority of respondents were female, aged 20-21, Malay and Muslim. The majority of respondent's parents had a diploma/university education, worked in government, father earned RM 2,500 or less and mothers had no monthly income.............

Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Coping, Undergraduates

[1]. Sherina MS, Rampal L, Kaneson N. Psychological stress among undergraduate medical students. Med J Malaysia [Internet]. 2004 Jun;59(2):207–11. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15559171
[2]. Brougham RR, Zail CM, Mendoza CM, Miller JR. Stress, sex differences, and coping strategies among college students. Curr Psychol. 2009;28(2):85–97.
[3]. Seaward BL. Managing stress: Principles and strategies for health and wellbeing. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 1999.
[4]. Ong B, Cheong KC. Sources of Stress among College Students--The Case of a Credit Transfer Program. Coll Stud J [Internet].

Abstract: A total destruction of coronal crown structure due to fracture or caries presents a question for the restorative dentistry on how to determine the prognosis of the tooth. The management of remaining crown below the subgingival margin is of prior importance as it may lead to inappropriate crown margin, non retentive fixed prosthesis, chronic inflammation due to plaque accumulation at the junction between the tooth and the prosthesis. Many shortcomings after prosthetic placement is due to ignorance related to the soft and hard tissue management of the tooth. Thus, keeping these factors under consideration a mutilated crown was managed by osseous recontouring and a fixed prosthesis thereafter, to obtain a tooth with stable function, integrity and morphology for long one year.

Keywords: biologic width, crown lengthening, osseous recontouring, periodontal health, restorative margin

[1] Kiran KG, Veena AP, Jiji J. A Comparative Evaluation for Biologic Width following Surgical Crown Lengthening Using Gingivectomy and Ostectomy Procedure. Int J Dent. 2012; 26(4): Article ID 479241.
[2] Pitman DP. Surgical Crown Lengthening for Enhanced Clinical Success. Dent Today. 2002; 21(11):112-5.
[3] Günay H, Seeger A, Tschernitschek H, et al. Placement of the preparation line and periodontal health—a prospective 2-year clinical study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2000; 20(2):171-181.
[4] Tal H, Soldinger M, Dreiangel A, et al. Periodontal response to long-term abuse of the gingival attachment by supracrestal amalgam restorations. J Clin Periodontol. 1989; 16(10): 654-659.
[5] Nevins M, Skurow HM. The intracrevicular restorative margin, the biologic width, and the maintenance of the gingival margin. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1984; 4(3): 30-49.

Abstract:Primary hypercalcemic hyperparathyroid may be complicated by pancreatitis. This may be, exceptionally, the revealing mode of this endocrinopathy as reported in this observation. The relationship between primary hypercalcemic hyperparathyroid and pancreatitis is controversial to date, although most publications and experimental data support the causal direct or indirect role of hypercalcemia. It may even be a triggering factor in individuals predisposed to pancreatitis by genetic mutations.

Keywords: hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcaemia, pancreatitis

[1]. Smith FB, Cook RT. Acute fatal hyperparathyroidism. Lancet.1940; 2:650.
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