iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2016

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of refractive error changes induced by nuclear and cortical cataract. Background: Refractive error results from the failure of optical system of the non-accommodating eye to bring the parallel rays of light into focus on the fovea. Nuclear cataract is associated with index myopia and cortical cataract is associated with index hyperopia. Methodology: The sample population consists of 100 patients with cataract presenting in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry.The patients were screened for defective vision using Snellen's chart. Keratometer was used for measuring corneal curvature and UltrasoundA scan for axial length.Slitlamp examination was done to classify cataract as nuclear and cortical..............

Keywords: Refractive error, nuclear cataract, myopia, cortical cataract, hyperopia

[1]. Pesudovs K, Elliott DB. Refractive error changes in cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:964–7.
[2]. PremaRaju, S.V.Ramesh, HemamaliniArvind. Prevalence of refractive errors in rural south Indian population, Vision Research foundation, Chennai, India.
[3]. HaqI, Khan Z, Kalique N, Amir A, Zaidi M. Prevalence of common ocular morbidities in adult population of AAligarh, Indian J community med 2009. [4]. Fotedar R, Mitchell P, Burlutsky G, Wang JJ. Relationship of 10-year change in refraction to nuclear cataract and axial length findings from an older population.Ophthalmology. 2008;115:1273–78
[5]. Wang Q, Klein BE, Klein R, Moss SE. Refractive status in The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:4344-7.

Abstract: Aim: The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of autoclave cycles on surface characteristics of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Method: In this experimental study , 3 groups of roatry file systems..............

[1]. Yahata Y, Yoneyama T, Hayashi Y, et a. Effect of heat treatment on transformation temperatures and bending properties of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. Int Endod J 2009;42:621-6
[2]. National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. Infection Control in the Health Care Setting. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 2002.
[3]. Segall RD, Del Rio CE, Brady JM, Ayer WA. Evaluation of endodontic instruments as received from the manufacturer: the demand for quality control. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1977;44:463-467.
[4]. Serene TP, Adams JD, Saxena A. Nickel-titanium instruments: application in endodontics. St Louis, MO: Ishiyaku Euro America; 1995.
[5]. Craveiro de Melo MC, Bahia MGA, Buono VTL. Fatigue resistance of engine driven rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. J. Endod 2002;28:765-9

Abstract: Subarachnoid block is the safe anaesthetic technique for lower abdominal, perineum and lower limb surgeries, but patients with spinal deformities represent technical difficulty for its establishment. In these situations general anaesthesia is the only option but it may be associated with complications in patients with difficult airway. This study is aimed to find out whether taylor's approach is beneficial to patients who have difficulty in spinal anaesthesia. 50 patients of ASA I and II of age between 30-70 years of either sex who have differentt spinal abnormalities and degenerative diseases of spine and have difficulty in establishing lumbar puncture with standard technique............

Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis, Arthritis, Difficult spinal, skeletal fluorosis, Taylor's approach.

[1]. Cousins MJ. Neural blockade in clinical anaesthesia and pain management. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;
1998.Williams and Wilkins; 1998
[2]. Liu SS, McDonld SB. Current issues in spinal anaesthesia. Anaesthesiology. 2001;94:888–906. [PubMed] Philadelphia:Churchill
Livingstone;1985.
[3]. Kumar CM, Mehta M. Ankylosing spondylitis: Lateral approach to spinal anesthesia for lower limb
Surgery.CanJAnaesth.1995;42:73-6.[PubMed]
[4]. Thota RS, Sathish R, Patel R, Dewoolkar L. Taylor's approach for combined spinal epidural anesthesia in Post spine surgery:A case
report.Int J Anaestesiol. 2006;10:2
[5]. Douglas MJ. Unusual regional block. Can J Anaesth. 1995;42:362–3. [PubMed]

Abstract: Intramuscular cavernous Haemangiomas represent less than 1% of all haemangiomas and consist of benign proliferations of blood vessels. Typical presentation is an enlarging painful soft-tissue mass without cutaneous changes. We diagnosed a series of 5 cases of cavernous haemangioma of the masseteric muscle presenting as an asymptomatic unilateral swelling. The rarity of a cavernous haemangioma in such a location with its presentation as a unilateral swelling without cutaneous changes made the cases unique and the MRI proves to be the novel method to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.

[1]. Liston R. Case of erectile tumour in the popliteal space: removal. Med Chir Trans 1843;26:120-32.
[2]. Fatma Sule Afsar, Ergun Oziz2, Yalcin Hamdioglu. Intramuscular haemangioma of the masseter muscle in a 9-year-old girl Case
report. Acta Angiol.2007 Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 42–46
[3]. C D Narayanan, Preeth Prakash and C K Dhanasekaran. Intramuscular hemangioma of the masseter muscle: a case report. Cases
Journal 2009, 2:7459
[4]. Allen PW, Enzinger FM: Hemangioma of skeletal muscle; an analysis of 89 cases. Cancer 1972, 29:8-22.
[5]. Wolf GT, Daniel F, Krause CJ, Kaufman RS: Intramuscular Hemangioma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 1985, 95:210-213.

Abstract: Background: Metallo beta lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are often detected phenotypically. In our institution we frequently encountered such incidence but no report about the genotypic character of such isolates was available. Objective: Thus present study aimed at characterization of the MBL encoding gene in imipenem nonsusceptible multi drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,isolated from clinical samples. Materials & methods: 98 Non-duplicate consecutive imipenem non susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected from different clinical samples. Combined disc diffusion test with imipenem - EDTA (10μg+750μg)combined disc was used to screen for MBLs activity. PCR for identification of blaVIM &blaIMP gene was performed.

Keywords: Metallo-β-lactamase(MBL), multidrug resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, blaVIM & blaIMP

[1]. Robert Migliavacca , Jean-Denis Docquire et al . Simple Microdilutional Test for detection of Metallo –beta-lactamase production
in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2002 ;40 :(11): 4388-4393.
[2]. P.A . Lambert. Mechanism of Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Royal society of Medicine.2002; 95 :
( suppement 41): 22-26 .
[3]. Bebrone C, Delbrück H, Kupper MB, Schlömer P et al. The structure of the dizinc subclass B2 metallo-beta-lactamase CphA
reveals that the second inhibitory zinc ion binds in the histidine site.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Oct;53(10):4464-71.
[4]. Timothy R. Walsh1,Mark A. Toleman, Laurent Poirel andPatriceNordmann. Metallo-β-lactamases: quiet before storm. J. Clinical
microbiological review 2005;18:(2):pg 306-325.
[5]. Fereshteh Shahcheraghi1, Vajiheh Sadat Nikbin1, Mohammad Mahdi FeizabadiIdentification and genetic characterization of
metallo-beta-lactamase-producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tehran, Iran. New microbiologica 2010:43:243-248.6)

Abstract: Objectives: To identify obstetric cases as emergencies needing critical care. To assess the varying clinical presentations and contributing factors for cases arriving as obstetric emergencies. To identify the need for hospitalization and admission to intensive care unit. To understand the various interventions required- critical care management, and its impact on future outcome of such admissions and to analyze the maternal and perinatal outcome of such obstetric emergencies. Material and Methods: 200 cases of obstetric emergencies............

Keywords: Maternal, Obstetric Emergencies, Perinatal outcome

[1]. S Campbell, C Lee.Obstetric emergencies, in Obstetrics by Ten Teachers.2013;22: Arnold Publishers. 303–317.
[2]. K. Hill, C AbouZahr, T Wardlaw.Estimates of maternal mortality for 1995. Bulletin of the World Health Organization.2001;3(79) :
182–193.
[3]. P Buekens.Is estimating maternal mortality useful Bulletin of the World Health Organization.2001;3(79)179.
[4]. RGI.2006.Registrar General/Centre for Global Health Research, University of Toronto. New Delhi: Registrar General of India.
[5]. HO,UNICEF,UNFPA,World Bank.2012.Trends in maternal mortality:1990-2010. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Abstract: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is an uncommon salivary gland malignancy that presents insidiously and is generally advanced when diagnosed. It is a slow growing malignant tumour, characterized by wide local infiltration, perineural spread, a propensity to local recurrence late distant metastases and delayed reporting& diagnosis. Little progress has been made in advancing "curative" treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. The disease is said to have a fatal outcome.............

Keywords: Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma; Salivary Gland Malignancy: Palatal Swelling

[4]. Stell PM: Adenoid cystic carcinoma. Clin Otolaryngol 1986, 11:267-291.
[5]. Spies JW: Adenoid cystic carcinoma. Arch Surg 1930, 21:365-404.
[6]. Tauxe WN, McDonald JR, Devine KD: A century of cylindromas. Arch Otolaryngol
[7]. 1962, 75:1-6.
[8]. Foote FW, Frazell EL: Tumours of the major salivary glands. Cancer 1953, 6:1065-1133.
[9]. Conley J, Dingman DL: Adenoid cystic carcinoma in the head and neck (cylindroma). Arch Otolaryngol 1974, 100:81-90.

Abstract: Objective: To assess the levels of lipid parameter in patients with thyroid dysfunction and to study the association between thyroid dysfunction and lipid profile. Study design and setting: Cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur. Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples were collected from 112 thyroid dysfunction patients and 100 healthy individuals. Serum triiodothyroxine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were quantitatively estimated by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were estimated by colorimetric method. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0...........

Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism.

[1]. Brennan MD, Powell C, Kaufman KR, Sun PC, Bahn RS, and Nair KS, The impact of overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism on
skeletal muscle, Thyroid, 16(4), 2006, 375-380.
[2]. Riis AL, Jorqensen JO, Gjedde S, Norrelund H, Jurik AG, Nair KS, Ivarsen P, Weeke J and Moller N, Whole body and forearm substrate
metabolism in hyperthyroidism: evidence of increased basal muscle protein breakdown, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 288(6), 2005,
El067-El073.
[3]. Liberopoulos EN, and Elisaf MS, Dyslipidemia in patients with thyroid disorders, Hormones, 1(4), 2002, 218-223.
[4]. Duntas LH, Thyroid disease and lipids, Thyroid, 12(4), 2002, 287-293.
[5]. Friis T, and Pedersen LR, Serum lipids in hyper- and hypothyroidism before and after treatment, Clinica Chimica Acta, 162(2), 1987,

Abstract: Aim:To analyse the role of Acute Phase reactants in diagnosing Acute appendicitis in adults. Patients admitted in CMCH with features of Acute appendicitis were enrolled in the study. Methods: Depending on the surgeon's decision based on clinical examination , patients underwent appendicectomy. Total WBC counts, Serum CRP, Fibrinogen are estimated before surgery but were not taken into account for the decision of laparotomy. Final confirmation of diagnosis is by Histo pathological examination of the post op specimen. Correlation is made between laboratory investigations and clinical diagnosis depending upon post operative histo-pathological diagnosis.........

Keywords: Appendicitis , C-Reactive Protein , Fibrinogen , Leucocyte count

[1]. Creese PG ; The First appendectomy; Surg gynecol Obstret. 1952;97:643.
[2]. Herrington JL; The vermiform appendix: its surgical history. Contemp Surg. 1991 : 39:36-44.
[3]. McBurney; Experience with early operative interference in cases of disease of the vermiform appendix. NY State Med J. 1889; 50:676.
[4]. Semm K; Endoscopic appendectomy. Endoscopy 1983; 15:59-64.
[5]. Schreber JH; Early experience with laparoscopic appendectomy inwomen; Surg Endosc. 1987;1:211-6.

Abstract: Smoking is one of the most important etiological risk factor in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and leads to progressive deterioration in lung function. The aim of our study was to detect lung function changes in asymptomatic smokers which may detect pre clinical deterioration which may convince the subject to stop smoking. Asymptomatic subjects between 18 and 40 years of age, who have smoked tobacco for at least 6 months, were selected for the study. Similar asymptomatic subjects who have never smoked or used tobacco in any form were taken as controls. A complete clinical history and examination of the subjects was done. They were also subjected to 6 minute walk test, Spirometry. In few subjects, diffusion study, thoracic gas volume and residual volume were also done by plethysmography............

[1]. Andre S, Lucas M, Raposo M, Matos C, Abreu M. The effect of cigarette smoking on pulmonary diffusing capacity in asymptomatic smokers. Revista portuguesa de pneumologia 2003; 9: 34-5.
[2]. Angelo MT, Silva D, Paul Hamosh. Effect of smoking cigarettes on small airways. Jour. Appl. Physio. 1973; 34(3): 361-5.
[3]. Aydin O, Dursun AB, Kurt B, Aloglu V, Alpar S, Nazire Ucar N, Sertkaya D. Correlation of functional and radiological findings of lung in asymptomatic smokers. Turkish Respiratory Journal. 2008; 9(1): 15-9.
[4]. Bajentri AL, Veeranna N, Dixit PD, Kulkarni SB. Effect of 2-5 years of tobacco smoking on ventilatory function tests. J Indian Med Assoc 2003;101: 96-7.
[5]. Bano R, Mahagaonkar AM, Kulkarni NB, Ahmad N, Nighute S. Study of pulmonary function tests among smokers and non smokers in a rural area. Pravara Med Rev 2009; 1(1):11-6.

Abstract: In recent years, teaching of law and ethics in medicalPractice has emerged as a core curriculum in both Undergraduate and postgraduate medical education in many developed countries such as the US, Canada, UK, Australia and New Zealand.. Research and discussion papers on clinical ethics and reports on medico-legal cases now constitute a significant contribution to the expansion of medical literature, which have enriched our knowledge in the areas with widening scopes. Medical and Dental students are now expected to have knowledge and understanding of the principles of medical ethics and the legal responsibilities of the medical profession.........

Keywords: Medical Ethics, Dental Ethics, Awareness among Medical students, Awareness among Dental students

[1]. SOBEN PETER-1st edition
[2]. SOBEN PETER –2nd edition
[3]. STATE DENTAL COUNCIL-ethical rules for dentists prescribed by dental council of India.
[4]. John J.Text book of preventive and community dentistry. New delhi,CBS publishers,2003,p 167-180

Abstract: Background and aim: The inferior phrenic arteries (IPA) are the first branch of abdominal aorta and are the most frequent extrahepatic arterial supply to liver tumours especially hepatocellular carcinoma. As trans arterial chemo embolization (TACE) is one of the treatment options for these tumours , the descriptions about these arteries, their origin and the course will help interventional radiologist in achieving complete embolization of these tumours. The present study was undertaken to analyse the variations of IPA origin and to evaluate their branching pattern..............

Keywords: Inferior phrenic arteries, variant anatomy, hepatocellular carcinoma

[1]. Standring.S , Ellis H , Healy JC at el Vascular supply and lymphatic drainage. In Gray's anatomy. 40thedition Edinburg: Churchill livingstone, 2005:p.1072 -1074
[2]. Gowan D KoGY,YoonHK Sung KB,Lee F RyuS,at el Inferior pherinic Artery Anatomy, Variaons, pathologic conditions and interventional management Radio graphics 2007; 27 (3) 687-705
[3]. Romanes, G.J. Cunningham text book of Anatomy . (2009)16thedtion p 1297-1302.
[4]. Adachi B. Das arterien system der Japaner, Band 2. Kyoto :Keiserlich - Japanischen Universitat; 1928. pp. 14–16.
[5]. Greig HW, Anson BJ, Coleman SS. The inferior phrenic artery: types of origin in 850 body-halves and

Abstract: Parathyroid carcinoma is involved in less than 1% of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid carcinoma patients usually present with striking hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia, with the resultant related symptoms being more severe than those associated with parathyroid adenomas. Parathyroid carcinomas also tend to be large and may be detectable by current imaging techniques. Its treatment is surgical, however when it is recognized in pre or intraoperative, carcinological surgery can be performe This study report the clinical and paraclinical cases of parathyroid cancers hospitalized in our department.

Keywords: Parathyroid carcinoma, carcinological surgery, primary hyperparathyroidism

[1]. Parathyroid carcinoma. Shane E. J. ClinEnocrinolMetab 2001; Vol 86 (2 ):485-93.
[2]. Carcinoma: the importance of high clinical suspicion for a correct management. Gabriele R, Marco A, Marco B, Gianluca L, Livio P, Angelo S et al Parathyroid International Journal of surgical oncology 2012; Vol 2012, artcicle ID 649148.
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[5]. Obara T, Fujimoto Y. Diagnosis and treatment of patients with parathyroid carcinoma: an update and review. World J Surg. 1991;15:738-44.

Abstract: Hemorrhoids are fibrovascular cushions containing arteriovenous communications that are located in the subepithelial space of anal canal and are a normal part of human anatomy1. Hemorrhoids are a very common anorectal condition defined as the symptomatic enlargement and distal displacement of the normal anal cushions. They affect millions of people around the world, and represent a major medical and socioeconomic problem. Multiple factors have been claimed to be the etiologies of hemorrhoidal development, including constipation and prolonged straining. The abnormal dilatation and distortion of the vascular channel, together with destructive changes in the supporting connective tissue within the anal cushion, is a paramount finding of hemorrhoidal disease2An inflammatory reaction3 and vascular hyperplasia4,5 may be evident in hemorrhoids

[1]. Loder PB, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ, Phillips RK. Haemorrhoids: pathology, pathophysiology and aetiology. Br J Surg. 1994;81:946–954.

[2]. Morgado PJ, Suárez JA, Gómez LG, Morgado PJ. Histoclinical basis for a new classification of hemorrhoidal disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 1988;31:474–480.

[3]. Aigner F, Gruber H, Conrad F, Eder J, Wedel T, Zelger B, Engelhardt V, Lametschwandtner A, Wienert V, Böhler U, et al. Revised morphology and hemodynamics of the anorectal vascular plexus: impact on the course of hemorrhoidal disease. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2009;24:105–113.

[4]. Chung YC, Hou YC, Pan AC. Endoglin (CD105) expression in the development of haemorrhoids. Eur J Clin Invest. 2004;34:107–112.

[5]. Goenka MK, Kochhar R, Nagi B, Mehta SK. Rectosigmoid varices and other mucosal changes in patients with portal hypertension. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991;86:1185–1189.

Abstract: Adenoid cystic carcinoma also known as cylindroma is a rare tumor, accounting for only 1% of all malignant tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region. It accounts for 22% of all salivary gland malignancies and involves both major and minor salivary glands but the percentage for involvement of minor salivary gland is more than that of major salivary glands.1 It is a slow growing tumor and is often present for several years but the occurrence is relatively high with distant metastasis.2 Both men and women are equally affected from the tumor and occurs usually in 5th decade of life. In this article we present a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma which occurred in a 35-year-old patient with swelling of right maxillary region and pain.

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[2]. Khan AJ, DiGiovanna MP, Ross DA, Sasaki CT, Carter D, Son YH, Haffty BG. Adenoid cystic carcinoma: a retrospective clinical review. Int J Cancer. 2001;96:149-158.
[3]. Hadfield PJ, Fisher C, Archer DJ. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the maxilla--the value of histopathology in diagnosing asecond primary.JLaryngol Otol. 1996;110:503-506.
[4]. Burket‟s oral medicine diagnosis and treatment-11th edition by: greenberg m s, glick m.
[5]. van der Wal JE, Becking AG, Snow GB, van der Waal I. Distant metastases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands and the value of diagnostic examinationsduring follow-up. Head Neck. 2002;24:779-783