iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2016

Abstract: Background: The present study aims to estimate non-HDL-C in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ten patients of CAD of either sex and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls were selected. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-C were estimated. LDL-C and non-HDL-C were calculated. A comparison of non-HDL-C and LDL-C was made in terms of area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

[1]. Expert panel on detection, Evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (ADULT TREATMENT PANEL III) JAMA.2001; 285:2486-2497.

[2]. American diabetes association: Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. Diabetes care 26:S83-S86, 2003.

[3]. Fukuyama N., Homma K., Wakana N. et al.: Validation of the Friedewald equation for evaluation of plasma LDL‐cholesterol. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2008, 43(1), 1‐5.

[4]. Bittner V. Non‐HDL cholesterol – measurement, interpretation and significance. Adv Stud Med. 2007, 7, 1, 8‐ 11.

[5]. Robinson J. G., Wang S., Smith B.J. et al.: Meta‐analysis of the relationship between non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and coronary heart disease risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009, 53, 316‐322.

[6]. Katarzyna Bergmann.Non-HDL cholesterol and evaluation of cardiovascular risk. eJIFCC. 2010; 21 (3).

[7]. Greiner, M.,D.Pfeiffer, and R.D. Smith.Principles and practical application of the receiver-operating characteristic analysis for diagnostic tests. Prev. Vet. Med.45: 23-41.

Abstract: The study is to observe pathological changes in the placenta of pre-eclampsia patients and its relation to foetal outcome, which is a comparative study done in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, SMC, Vijayawada. Pre-eclamptic toxaemia is a unique condition of pregnancy, where there are pathophysiological changes in placenta, which leads to ischemic injury to the uteroplacental bed and which affects the foetus adversely. Key Words: Pre-eclampsia, Hypertension, Placenta, IUGR, Foetus.

[1]. Kayode O.Osungbade and Olusimbo K, "Public Helath Persepectives of Pre-eclampsia in Developing Countries: Implication for Health System Strengthening", Journal of pregnancy, vol.2011, Article ID481095,6 Pages, 201, doi: 10.1155/2011/481095.
[2]. Kumar S G, Unnikrishnan B, Nagaraj K, Jayaram S- Determinants of pre-eclampsia: A case-control study in a district hospital in South India. Indian J Community Med 2010;35:502-5.
[3]. Elaine DeFederico, Olga Genbacev and Susan.J.Fisher-Preeclampsia is associated with wisespread apoptosis of placental cytotrophoblast within the uterine wall-Am J Pathol 1999 july;155(1):293-301.
[4]. Jennifer Uzan, Marie Carbonnel, Olivier Piconne, Roland Asmar and Jean-Marc Ayoubi- Pre-eclampsia: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management- dovepress journal-vascular health and risk management-volume 2011:7, p 467-474.
[5]. Kliman HJ, Segal L-The Placenta may predict the baby. J Theor Biol 2003,225:143-145(PubMed).
[6]. Jones CJ, Fox H-An ultrastructural and ultrahistochemical study of the human placenta in maternal preeclampsia-placenta 1981;1:61-76.

Abstract: A detailed anatomy of the blood vessels supplying the head and neck is very important in cervical spine surgeries and cerebral strokes. As a part of routine dissection during the year 2003-2012 and 2015-2016, the thorax and neck of 60 cadavers were dissected. In the present study during the year 2015-2016, 0.85% (1 case) showed unilateral coarctation of vertebral artery on the left side. Vertebral artery coarctation may lead to posterior circulation stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Key words: aorta, cerebral, cervical, coarctation, hyoid, vertebral, stenosis

[1]. Caplan LR, Amarenco P, Rosengart A, Lafranchise EF, Teal PA, Belkin M, DeWitt LD, Pessin MS. Embolism from vertebral artery origin occlusive disease. Neurology 1992; 42:1505–12. [2]. George B, Laurian C. Vertebro‐basilar ischaemia. Its relation to stenosis and occlusion of the vertebral artery.Acta Neurochir (Wien ) 1982; 62:287–95. [3]. Koroshetz WJ, Ropper AH. Artery‐to‐artery embolism causing stroke in the posterior circulation. Neurology1987; 37:292–5. [4]. Pessin MS, Daneault N, Kwan ES, Eisengart MA, Caplan LR. Local embolism from vertebral artery occlusion. Stroke 1988; 19:112–15.
[5]. Ebraheim NA, Xu R, Yeasting RA. The location of the vertebral artery foramen and its relation to posterior lateral mass screw fixation. Spine. 1996; 21:1291-95.
[6]. Ebraheim NA, Lu J, Brown JA, Biyani A, Yeasting RA. Vulnerability of vertebral artery in anterolateral decompression for cervical spondylosis. Clinical Orthop Relat Res 1996; (322):146-51.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: To assess the safety and effectiveness of traditional surgery with conservative interventions in the treatment of varicose veins. Methods - a consecutive series of 31 patients (35 limbs) who came to surgical opd with a provisional diagnosis of primary varicose veins was taken up for traditional surgery (long saphenous vein stripping with or without,short saphenous vein stripping, along with surgery for incompetent perforators) with conservative interventions.

[1] London NJ, Nash R. ABC of arterial and venous disease. Varicose veins.BMJ.2000;320(7246):1391-1394.

[2] LamyEy, Giswold ME, Moneta GL. Venous and lymphatic disease. In: Schwartz's principles of Surgery. 8thed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2005:823-825.

[3] CJ Evans, FGR Fowkes, CV Ruckley, AJ LeePrevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein StudyJEpidemiol Community Health, 53 (1999), pp. 149–153

[4] Teruya TH, Ballard JL. New approaches for the treatment of varicose veins.SurgClin North Am. 2004;84(5):1397-1417.

[5] Beebe-Dimmer JL, Pfeifer JR, Engle JS, Schottenfeld D. The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins.Ann epidemiol. 2005;15(3):175-184.

Abstract: Problem Based Learning (PBL) is an instructional approach to learning where students tackle problems in small groups under the supervision of a facilitator. The main objective is to introduce PBL to I MBBS students in Anatomy, enumerate learning outcomes and compare with Traditional Didactic lecture (TDL). 80 students were divided into two groups A & B randomly. Two topics were chosen. Under each topic one group was educated by PBL & other group by TDL acting as control.

[1] Colliver, J. (2000). Effectiveness of problem-based learning curricula: research and theory. Academic Medicine,75(3), 259-266. [2] Slavich, G.M., &Zimbardo, P.G. (2012). Transformation teaching: Theoretical underpinnings, basic principles, and core methods. Educational Psychology Reviews,24(4), 569-608. [3] Prince, K.J.A.H., van Mameren, H., Hylkema, N., Drukker, J., Scherpbier, A.J.J.A., &van der Vleuten, C.P.M. (2003). Does problem-based learning lead to deficiencies in basic science knowledge? An empirical case on anatomy. Medical Education, 37(1), 15-21. [4] Koh, G.C-H., Khoo, H.E., Wong, M.L., &Koh, D. (2008). The effects of problem-based learning during medical school on physician competency: a systematic review. Canadian Medical Association Journal,178(1), 34-41. [5] Dolmans, D.H.J.M., de Grave, W., Wolfhagan, I.H.A.P. (2005). Problem-based learning: future challenges for educational practice and research. Medical Education,39(7), 732-741. [6] Das N, Deepak KK , Sabherwal U , Khan ZH , Raju KR. Problem based module for the Integrated learning of anatomy, biochemistry and physiology for undergraduate medical training at all India Institute of MedicalSciences, New Delhi, India. Trends Med. Educ. 1997; 4: 10–17.

Abstract:Behcet's disease (BD) is a rare immune-mediated systemic vascular diseasecharacterized by the recurrent oral aphthae and other several systemic manifestations. Behchet disease requires the presence of recurrent oral aphthae (three times in 1 year) with at least two of the following: recurrent genital aphthae (aphthous ulceration or scarring), eye lesions (retinal vasculitis, cells in vitreous, or uveitis),skin lesions (papulo-pustular lesions, pseudo-vasculitis, acneiform nodules, or erythema nodosum), or a positive Pathergy test . A 21 years male (60kg) student from Kolkata admitted to our hospital with history of sudden development of extensive maculopapular erythematous rash all over the body involving the lesions over lip and oral cavity and eye.

[1]. Yurdakul, S., V. Hamuryudan, and H. Yazici. 2004. Behcet syndrome. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 16:38–42.
[2]. de Menthon, M., M. P. Lavalley, C. Maldini, L. Guillevin, and A. Mahr. 2009. HLA-B51/B5 and the risk of Behcet's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control genetic association studies. Arthritis Rheum. 61:1287–1296.
[3]. Fietta, P. 2005. Behcet's disease: familial clustering and immunogenetics. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 23(4 Suppl. 38): S96–S105.
[4]. International Study Group for Behcet's Disease. 1990. Criteria for diagnosis of Behcet's disease. International study group for Behcet's Disease. Lancet 335:1078–1080.
[5]. Kaklamani, V. G., and P. G. Kaklamanis. 2001. Treatment of Behcet's disease–an update. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 30:299–312.
[6]. Palenzuela RC, Gra˜na Gil G, Arias MV, Bobo MT. Actualizaciónde la enfermedad de Behc¸et. A propósito de 2 casosenatención primaria. SEMERGEN Soc Esp Med Rural Gen.2012;1:33–9.
[7]. Kokturk A. Clinical and pathological manifestations withdifferential diagnosis in Behc¸et's disease. Pathol Res Int. 2012,http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/690390.

Abstract:Rowell syndrome is usually diagnosed by the presence of erythema multiforme like targetoid lesions in the patients of cutaneous or systemic lupus erythematosus and characterized by specific serological or immunological profile like speckled antinuclear antibody pattern, antibody against saline extract of human tissues (anti-SjT) and positive serum rheumatoid factor.The absence of a universally accepted criteria and their poor specificity usually make the diagnosis very difficult and doubtful. Moreover in the light of
histopathological revealation of dermal mucin deposition alongwith the interface changes and necrotic basal keratinocytes in the absence of serum positivity for ANA antibody and RF, true existence of this syndrome is still debated. Herein we report a case of SLE having targetoid lesions on palm and soles & histopathological findings of both lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme.
Keywords - lupus erythematosus, mucin, multiforme, rowell, targetoid

[1]. Rowell NR, Beck SJ, Anderson JR. Lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme-like lesions. Arch Dermatol 1963;88:176-80.
[2]. A. Lee, P. Batra, V. Furer, W. Cheung, N. Wang, and A. Franks, "Rowell syndrome (systemic lupus erythematosus + erythema
multiforme)," Dermatology Online Journal, vol. 15, no. 8, article 1, 2009.
[3]. Zeitouni NC, Funaro D, Cloutier RA, Gagne E, Claveau J. Redefiing Rowell's syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:343-6.
[4]. D. V. S. Pratap, Sivarami K. Reddy, Sudha C. Rani, Venkata A. Krishna, D. Indira ANA-negative systemic lupus erythematosus
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol July-August 2004 Vol 70 Issue 4
[5]. Shteyngarts AR, Warner MR, Camisa C. Lupus erythematosus associated with erythema multiforme: Does Rowell's syndrome
exist? J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:773-7.
[6]. Aydogan K, Karadogan SK, Balaban Adım S, Tunal. Lupus erythematosus associated with erythema multiforme: Report of two
cases and review of the literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005;19:621-627.

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive disease characterised by hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia which leads to the development of vascular complications. Hyperglycaemia overloads glucose metabolic pathways and increases non-enzymatic, auto-oxidative glycosylation and free radical production. Dyslipidemia favours free radical-induced lipid peroxidation and increased deposition of oxidised low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood vessels resulting in atherosclerosis. Lipid peroxidation, chronic low grade inflammation and oxidative stress have been proven to be closely involved in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications.

[1]. Morrish NJ, Wang SL, Stevens LK, Fuller JH, Keen H. Mortality and causes of death in the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabetologia 2001, 44 Suppl 2:S14–S21.
[2]. Global data on visual impairments 2010. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2012.
[3]. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011.
[4]. Roglic G, Unwin N, Bennett PH, Mathers C, Tuomilehto J, Nag S et al. The burden of mortality attributable to diabetes: realistic estimates for the year 2000. Diabetes Care, 2005, 28(9):2130–2135.

Abstract: Anatomical Locking Plate fixation for Proximal Humerus fracture is standard procedure in orthopaedic trauma management. We performed 32 consecutive cases in which ORIF done using delto- pectoral approach and found excellent results in terms of quality of fixation and early R.O.M. and rehabilitation in these complex fractures.

Keywords: PHILOS Displaced Proximal Humeral Fractures.

[1]. Agudelo JF, Schurmann M, Stahel P, et al: Analysis of efficacy and failure in proximoly humerus fractures treated with angular stable locking plates in 2005.
[2]. Bhatia Dn, van Rooyen, KS, et al: Surgical Treatment of comminuted, displaced fractures of the Graeter tuberosity of the proximal humerus: Injury 37:946, 2006.
[3]. Dr. P. k. Shah, Dr. Kirit M. Shah, Dr. Nimish B. Patel Fracture and Orthopedic Hospital- Ahmedabad.
[4]. Cutmo f, et al open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humerus fracture ;in Tech ortho in 1994.
[5]. Strohm PC, Kostler W, et al.; locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fracture; Tech Shoulder Elbow surgery in 2005.

Abstract:Approximately 90% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR plays a role in predicting and modulating the response of HNSCC patients to radiation. However data regarding use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors like gefitinib is limited. Aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, tumor response, normal tissue reaction of concurrent chemoradiation with or without gefitinib. 82 previously untreated patients of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck cancer were divided into two groupsthe cases group B (n=41) receiving gefitinib 500 mg OD started one week prior to radiation and continue till radiation completed. Both the groups receiving weekly cisplatin (30mg/m2) with radiotherapy. The radiotherapy dose was 70 Gy /35 fractions, 2 Gy / fraction in both the groups. In group B, overall complete response (primary+nodal ) was seen in 25 patients 60.97%.

[1]. Adelstein DJ, Li Y, Adams GL, Wagner H et al : An intergroup phase III comparison of standard radiation therapy and
two schedules of ncurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable squamous cell head and neck cancer. J Clin
Oncol. 2003:21:92–982.
[2]. Brizel DM, Albers ME, Fisher SR et al: Hyperfractionated irradiation with or without concurrent chemotherapy for
locally advanced head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med. 1998:338:1798–1804.
[3]. Denis F, Garaud P, Bardet E et al : Final results of the 94-01 French Head and Neck Oncology and Radiotherapy Group
randomized trial comparing radiotherapy alone with concomitant radiochemotherapy in advanced-stage oropharynx
carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2004:22:69–76.

Abstract:Tumors have been reported to arise out of virtually any layer of the components of the scrotal wall [2].Both benign and malignant tumors of the scrotum are rare[1].The extratesticular scrotal contents are the epididymis, spermatic cord and fascia derived from the descent of the testis during the embryological phase through the abdominal wall. As compared to the testicular masses the extratesticular masses are benign[70%].

[1]. Rosai J. Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology, London. Mosby.2004: 1475-8
[2]. Rowland RG, Herman JR. Tumors and Infectious Diseases of the Testis, Epididymis and Scrotum Folpe AL, Weiss SW.
Paratesticular soft tissue neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol 2000; 17: 307–18
[3]. Toijam Soni Lyngdoh. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg.2013 Apr-Jun;18(2):86-89.
[4]. Lioe T F,Biggart J D. Tumors of the spermatic cord and paratesticular tissue. A Clinicopathological study. BR J Urology 1993;
71:600-6
[5]. Vick CV et al. Scrotal masses with uniform hyperechoic pattern. Radiology 1983; 148:209-11

Abstract: Sitz bath is used as a common treatment modality for various anal surgeries. This is in practice for centuries together. It is a cumbersome procedure. Whether this is really required or can be replaced by some simple procedure? In the present study, 58 patients were randomly subjected to simple soap water bath in place of sitz bath of the perineum after different anal surgery. The result is very satisfactory. Patient compliance is good. So it can be taken as a good alternative to traditional sitz bath.

Key Words: Sitz bath; soap water bath; anal surgery.

[1]. The Anas and Anal canal, Norman S Williams in Bailey and Love: Short Practice of Surgery 23rd Edn (2000) P: 1127-33.
[2]. Pocket Medical Dictionary – Nancy Roper 13th Edn (1978) P-275.
[3]. Hospital Infection -in Medical Microbiology: Paniker 4th Edn (1990) P: 629-32
[4]. Sitz bath: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2014)
[5]. How to take a Sitz Bath: Google Search (2014)

Abstract:Hydatid cyst infection or Echinococcosis is one of the oldest disease known to mankind. It causes not only illness but also productivity loss in human. It may be localized in liver (75%), lungs 10-15% & other organ in the body. Disease develops as slow growing mass in the effected tissues. Clinical symptoms vary according location and stage of the disease. Imaging modalities like USG, CT SCAN & MRI is the main stay of diagnosis. Surgical removal of cysts combined with chemotherapy is most common form of treatment.

[1]. Huizinga WKJ, Grant CS. Daar As. Hydatid disease In: Morris PJ wood WC, eds. Oxford Textbook of Surgery 2nd ediction oxford University Press, 2000:3298-3305.
[2]. Tappe, Dnnis, August Stich, and Mattthias Frosch. "Emergence of Polycystic Neotropical Echinococosis." Emerging infectious Disease 14.2 (2008):292-97.
[3]. Canda, M. Serefettin, Merih G., Tulay C., and Huseyin A., "The pathology of Echinococcosis and the Current Echinococcosis Problem in Western Turkey. "Truk J Med Sci 33. (2003): 369-374.
[4]. Bitton. M, et al. "Anaphylactic shock after traumatic rupture of a splenic echinococcal Cyst. "Harefuah 122.4 (1992):226-28.
[5]. Machpherson, Calum N.L. Ruth M., "Performance characteristics and quality control of community bases ultrasould survey for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis." Acta Tropica 85. (2003): 203-09.
[6]. Eckert, Johannes, and peter D., "Biological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Aspectd of Echinococcosis, a Zoonosis of increasing concern." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 17.7 (2004): 107-135.
[7]. Milicevic MN: Blumagart LH, Fong Y, eds. Surgery of the liver and biliary tract. 3rd edition W.B. Saunders Company Ltd, 2002:1167-1204.

Abstract: Aim: To compare the adverse prognostic haematological parameters in patients of sickle cell anaemia with and without splenomegaly. Material and methods: This prospective, cross sectional study was conducted in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AcharyaVinobha Bhave Rural Hospital (A.V.B.R.H), a 1200 bedded tertiary teaching hospital of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University. Fifty cases of diagnosed SCA patients were included in the study. After Physical examination and ultrasound examination the cases were divided as SCA patients with splenomegaly and without splenomegaly. Adverse haematological parameters like haemoglobin (Hb%), platelet counts, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil counts were estimated and compared between the groups.

[1]. Herrick JB. Peculiar elongated and sickle-shaped red blood corpuscles in a case of severe anemia. Archives of Internal Medicine. 1910;6:517.
[2]. Mason VR. Sickle cell anemia. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1922;79:1318–1320.
[3]. Pauling L, Itano HA, Singer SJ, Wells IC. Sickle cell anemia, a molecular disease. Science. 1949;110(2865):543–548. [PubMed]
[4]. Ingram VM. A specific chemical difference between the globins of normal human and sickle-cell anæmia hæmoglobin. Nature. 1956;178(4537):792–794. [PubMed]
[5]. Ingram VM. Gene mutations in human hæmoglobin: the chemical difference between normal and sickle cell hæmoglobin. Nature. 1957;180(4581):326–328.
[6]. Al-Salem AH. Indications and complications of splenectomy for children with sickle cell disease. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2006;41(11):1909–1915. [PubMed]
[7]. Al Salem AH, Qaisaruddin S, Nasserullah Z, Al Dabbous I, Abu Srair H, Al Jam'a A. Splenectomy and acute splenic sequestration crises in sickle cell disease. Pediatric Surgery International. 1996;11(1):26–28. [PubMed]

Abstract:Background: Illness severity scores have been used as predictors of neonatal mortality to give prognostic information to parents about their baby,to identify high risk babies for prompt action (triage) and for standardized comparisons between neonatal units for quality assessment. Objective:To evaluatethe TOPS (Temperature,Oxygenation,Perfusion and blood Sugar) score predictive value for hospital death so as to institute an easy tool for assessing mortality index in transported neonates. Methods:A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital enrolling 500 transported neonates. TOPS scoring was done at admission (temperature by digital thermometer in axilla, saturation by pulse oximeter, capillary refill time in mid sternum region, blood sugar by reagentstrip) and babies were followed for outcome.

[1]. Richardson DK, Phibbs SC, Gray JE, McCormick MC, Daniels KW. Birth weight and illness severity:independent predictors of neonatalmortality.Pediatrics 1993; 91: 969-75.
[2]. Hermansen MC, Hasan S, Hoppin J, Cunningham MD.A validation of a scoring system to evaluate the condition of transported very-low-birthweightneonates.Am J Perinatol988;5:74-8
[3]. Lee SK, Zupancic JA, Pendray M, Thiessen P, Schmidt B, Whyte R, et al. Transport risk index of physiologic stability: a practical system for assessing infant transport care. J Pediatr 2001;139:220–6.
[4]. Broughton SJ, Berry A, Jacobe S, Cheeseman P, Tarnow-Mordi WO, Greenough A, et al. The mortality index for neonataltransportation score: a new mortality prediction model for retrieved neonates. Pediatrics 2004;114:e424–428.
[5]. The CRIB (clinical risk index for babies) score: a tool for assessing initial neonatal risk and comparing performance of neonatal intensive care units. The International Neonatal Network. Lancet 1993 24;342:193–8.
[6]. Petridou E, Richardson DK, Dessypris N, Malamitsi-Puchner A, Mantagos S, Nicolopoulos D, et al. Outcome prediction in Greek neonatal intensive care units using a score for neonatal acute physiology (SNAP). Pediatrics 1998;101:1037–44.
[7]. Khanna R, Taneja V, Singh SK, Kumar N, Sreenivas V, Puliyel JM. The clinical risk index of babies (CRIB) score in India. Indian J Pediatr 2002;69(11):957–60.

Abstract: Introduction: India is going through the phase of nutritional transition with an under nourished predominant rural society on one end and overweight and obese urban society on the other end. Objectives:
 To find out the prevalence of obesity among school children.
 To find out the correlates of obesity

[1]. National Health programs of India. J Kishore. 11th Edition, Century Publication, New Delhi, 2014.204-05.
[2]. Parekh A, Parekh M, Vadasmiya D. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Adolescent of Urban & Rural Area of Surat, Gujarat. National Journal of Medical Research, 2012;2(3):325-29.
[3]. Mangalathil TX, Kumar P, Choudhary V. Knowledge and attitude regarding obesity among adolescent students of Sikar, Rajasthan. IOSR-JNHS, 2014; 3(2):44-48.
[4]. Jagadesans S, Harish R, Miranda P, Unnikrishnan R, Anjana RM, Mohan V. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among School Children and Adolescents in Chennai. Indian Pediatrics, 2014;51:544-49.
[5]. Jacob S K. Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight among School Going Children in Rural Areas of Ernakulam District, Kerala State India. International Journal of Scientific Study, 2014;2(1): 16-19
[6]. Kar S, khandelwal B. Fast foods and physical inactivity are risk factors for obesity and hypertension among adolescent school children in east district of Sikkim, India. Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine,2015; 6(2): 356-59.

Abstract:Gastric diverticulum is a rare surgical condition. They are usually asymptomatic and are often found accidentally during radiologic or endoscopic examination, or during autopsy. Most common location is the lesser curvature. Some of the diverticulum presents with upper abdominal symptoms like dyspepsia, epigastric pain, vomiting, loss of appetite and weight loss. Complications such as bleeding, ulceration and malignancy can occur. In this study we are presenting single case of gastric diverticulum, interestingly found in a rare anatomical position, in greater curvature of the stomach. The patient was symptomatic and investigated with barium study and gastroscopy. Medical treatment was started and responded well. Patient is on regular follow up.
Keywords: Asymptomatic, Gastric diverticulum, Gastroscopy, Greater curvature, Laparoscopic surgery.

[1]. Palmer ED. Gastric diverticula. Int Abstr Surg. 1951;92(5):417–428. [1]
[2]. Harford W, Jeyarajah R. Diverticula of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. In: Feldman M, Friedman L, Brandt L, et al., editors. Sleisenger & Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease (8th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Saunders)2006. pp. 465–77.[2]
[3]. Rodeberg DA, Zaheer S, Moir CR, Ishitani MB. Gastric diverticulum: a series of four pediatric patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;34:564–567.[1]
[4]. Schiller AH, Roggendorf B, Delker-Wegener S, Richter K, Kuthe A. Laparoscopic resection of gastric diverticula: two case reports Zentralbl Chir. 2007;132:251–255[1]
[5]. Donkervoort SC, Baak LC, Blaauwgeers JL, et al. Laparoscopic resection of a symptomatic gastric diverticulum: a minimally invasive solution. JSLS. 2006;10:525–7.[1]
[6]. Anaise D, Brand DL, Smith NL, Soroff HS. Pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of a symptomatic gastric diverticulum. Gastrointest Endosc. 1984;30:28–30.[1]

Abstract:Background : About 95% of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and 70% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) live in low and middle-income countries. As a result, DM and TB are increasingly occurring together. The risk of tuberculosis is two to five times greater in patients with diabetes.The purpose of this study is to analyze the progressive characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes and to evaluate the impact of tuberculosis on diabetes control. Patients and Methods : This is a retrospective study of 80 patients with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis, comparing 30 patients with diabetes with 50 without diabetes. Results : The time for conversion to negative of sputum culture was longer in control patients (44,1 ± 20,2 days) than in case (36 ± 18.3) (p = 0.08).

1]. Banerjee S, Banerjee M. Diabetes and tuberculosis interface. J Indian Med Assoc 2005;103:318,320,322 passim.
[2]. Jeon CY,Murray MB. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of active tuberculosis: a systematic review of 13 observational studies.PLoS Med 2008;5:e152.
[3]. Soundararajan Raghuraman, Kavita P Vasudevan, S Govindarajan, Palanivel Chinnakali, and Krishna Chandra Panigrahi. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Tuberculosis Patients in Urban Puducherry. N Am J Med Sci. Jan 2014; 6(1): 30–34.
[4]. Kelly E Dooley and Richard E Chaisson. Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: convergence of two epidemics. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009 December ; 9(12): 737–746. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70282-8.
[5]. Sonia Maâlej, Nachraouane Belhaoui, Mehrezia Bourguiba, Ridha Mahouachi, Amel Chtourou, Sofia Taktak, Hamouda Fennira, Leila Slim, Ali Ben Kheder, Ikram Drira. La tuberculose pulmonaire provoque un déséquilibre du diabète. Étude rétrospective de 60 malades en Tunisie. Presse Med. 2009; 38: 20–24
[6]. Mboussa J, Monabeka H, Kombo M, Yokolo D, Yoka-Mbio A, Yala F. Course of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetics. Rev Pneumol Clin 2003;59:39–44.

Abstract: case of profound hearing loss developing in a patient with previously normal hearing following drug treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis is reported. At present there are no specific audio-vestibular monitoring recommendations in most drug-resistant tuberculosis programs, and patients are at a high risk of developing irreversible ototoxicity before it is discovered. The report emphasizes the need for frequent and regular monitoring of the audio-vestibular system during treatment for drug-resistant and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, the need for policy support for such monitoring and the need to develop innovative solutions to the financial and logistical challenges that such policies and monitoring would create.

Keywords: Audio-vestibular monitoring, Drug-resistant tuberculosis, Hearing loss, Ototoxicity, Vestibular toxicity.

[1]. Curry International Tuberculosis Center and California Department of Public Health. Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Survival Guide for Clinicians (Curry International Tuberculosis Center. Second Edition, 2011) 145-170
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Abstract:Scientific studies have recently focused on the alternative and complementary medicine as a wide spread method in treating a lot of diseases, including cancer. Cancer that is considered as a life- threatening disease affect patients all over the world. Traditional medicine still does not provide patients with permanent and absolute solution to their suffering, especially in terminal cases of cancer. Many people go for using alternative and natural methods to reduce as possible as they can the pain and the side effect of this awful disease. Amygdalin, extracted from the seeds of apricot and almond, is under debate as a true cure of cancer and many other diseases.

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Abstract:A case of an asymptomatic foreign body in the ear that remained undetected for 15 years is reported. Removal was uneventful and there were no complications on follow-up. This case is presented to report this unusual occurrence and to review the basic principles that guide the management of foreign bodies in the ears. While some foreign bodies in the ears are true emergencies and require immediate action, most are not. Most foreign bodies in the ear will not immediately harm the patient if not meddled with, and attempts to remove foreign bodies from the ears should not be made if these conditions are not met. Failure to comply with the conditions can results in serious injuries, and negative sequelae to the ear and to hearing.

Keywords – Foreign bodies, Ears, Emergency care, Trauma to ears, Principles of management.

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