iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2016

Abstract: DLE/CCLE is a benign disorder of skin, most frequently involving face and characterised by well defined , red scaly patches of variable size which heal with atrophy, scarring & pigmentary changes. The histology is characteristic. Squamous cell carcinoma and less commonly basal cell carcinoma occasionally occur in scars of DLE particularly over scalp,ears.lips & nose. In one study by Millard et al the incidence was 3.3% among 120 white patients with CCLE We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developing over lesions of disseminated DLE other than scalp and lip in an Indian patient. A 40-year-old male patient came with a large erythematous ulcerated plaque over dorsum of left foot of size 5cm x 4 cm in size , over it he had 5-6 cauliflower like masses.

[1]. Goodfield MJ, Jones SK, Veale DJ. The connective tissue diseases (Discoid Lupus Erythematosus) In: Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C, editors. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology. 7th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2004. pp. 5–24.
[2]. Tebbe B, Mansmann U, Wollina U, Auer-Grumbach P, Licht-Mbalyohere A, Arensmeier M, et al. Markers in cutaneous lupus erythematosus indicating systemic involvement.A multicenter study on 296 patients. Acta Derm Venereol. 1997;77:305–8. [PubMed]
[3]. Millard LG, Barker DJ. . Development of squamous cell carcinoma in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1978;3:161–6. [PubMed]
[4]. Kar BR, Nair V, Ebenezer G, Job CK. Squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp arising from chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus: report of two Indian patients. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2004;70:236–8. [PubMed]
[5]. Grossman D, Leffell DJ. Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In: Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, editors. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in general medicine. 7th ed. New York: McGrawHill; 2008. pp. 1028–36.
[6]. Nair VL, Chacko M. Disseminated discoid lupus erythematosus with squamous cell carcinoma. Indian J dermatol Venereol Leprol. 1991;57:196–7.

Abstract: Background: Now a days Medical profession is a very challenging profession. Many factors play a role in the outcome of the students when they complete their MBBS course. Aim and Objective: This study was done to know the life style determinants of medical student. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 140 medical students of V Semester medical students of age 19-21 years. The students were given a common questionnaire to answer in yes or no option.

[1]. Lifestyle from Merriam-Webster's Dictionary
[2]. Lynn R. Kahle, Angeline G. Close (2011). Consumer Behavior Knowledge for Effective Sports and Event Marketing. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-87358-1.
[3]. Online Etymology Dictionary
[4]. Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163) http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf
[5]. World Health Organization. WHO definition of Health, Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States

Abstract: Adverse drug reactionspresenting with cutaneous manifestations are a common occurrence and need to be differentiated from other causes of similar manifestations. Antiepileptic drugs(AED)/Anticonvulsants are responsible for various cutaneous adverse drug reactions ranging from mild macular erythemato severe reactions like Steven Johnson syndrome and Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Aim: To study the clinical profile of various anticonvulsant drug induced cutaneous reactionsand common AEDs implicated in cutaneous adverse drug reactions(CADR) in patients attending a tertiary care hospital

[1]. Arul mani R, Rajendran AD, Suresh B. Adverse drug reaction monitoring in secondary care hospital in south India. Br J ClinPhormacol.2007;65:210–16.
[2]. Naldi L, Conforti A, Venegoni M, Troncon MG, Caputi A, Ghiotto E, et al. Cutaneous reactions to drug: An analysis of spontaneous reports in four Italian regions. Br J ClinPharmacol.1999;48:839–63.
[3]. Rahska MP, Marfatia YS. Clinical study of cutaneous drug eruption in 200 patients.Indian J Dermatol.2008;74:74–80.
[4]. Sharma VK, Seturaman G, Kumar B. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions clinical pattern and causative agents: A 6 years series from Chandigarh. India J Postgrad Med. 2001;47:95–99.
[5]. Borch JE, Andersen KE, Bindslev-Jensen C. Prevalence of acute cutaneous drug reactions in a university hospital.ActaDerm Venereal.2006;86:518–22.
[6]. Pudukadam D, Thapa DM. Adverse cutaneous drug reaction:Clinical pattern and causative agents in a tertiary care centre in south India. Indian J DermatolVenereolLeprol.2004;70:20–24.

Abstract: Purpose: Evaluation of the structural changes of retina in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and correlation of these retinal changes with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Study design: Hospital based prospective study. Study Period: 1 year Setting: Assam Medical College & Hospital.

[1]. Catherine B. Meyerle, Richard F. Spaide, in Albert Jacobiec's principles & practice of ophthalmology voL: 2, Central serous chorioretinopathy, 142, 3RD ed, pg:1871-1872.
[2]. Jose S. Pulido, Anna S. Kitzman, William J. Wirostko, Myron Yanoff'sophthalmology,Central serous chorioretinopathy, Chp: 6.30, 4thed, pg 605-609
[3]. Wang M, Munch IC, Hasler PW, Prunte C, Larsen M. Central serous chorioretinopathy. ActaOphthalmol 2008; 86: 126–45.
[4]. Gilbert CM, Owens SL, Smith PD, Fine SL. Long-term follow-up of central serous chorioretinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1984; 68: 815–20.
[5]. Smretschnig E, Ansari-Shahrezaei S, Hagen S, Glittenberg C, Krebs I, Binder S. Half-fluence photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina 2013:33:316-23
[6]. M E J van Velthoven, F D Verbraak, P M Garcia, R O Schlingemann, Evaluation of central serous retinopathy with en face optical coherence tomography, British Journal of Ophthalmology 2005;89:1483–1488.
[7]. Chiara M. Eandi, optical coherence tomography in unilateral resolved central serous chorioretinopathy, RETINA 25:417–421, 2005
[8]. Fujimoto J.G., Pitris C., Boppart S.A., Brezinski M.E., Optical coherence tomography: an emerging technology for biomedical imaging and optical biopsy, Neoplasia 2 (2000) 9–25

Abstract: Endemic outbreaks of shigellosis are sporadic in communities throughout the world. With the emergence and increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant species of Shigella there is cause for concern. Added to the concern of localized and national outbreaks, is the threat posed by terrorist/criminal release of multi-drug resistant Shigella into food supplies or establishments. Because of the threat Shigella poses to communities a model was developed for the U.S. Department of Defense and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority for to provide optimal medical counter measures (MCM) to preclude civil disruption.

Keywords: Shigella, infectious disease, bioterrorism, preventive medicine, medical counter measures

[1] S. Nandy, U. Mitra, K. Rajendran, P. Dutta and S. Dutta, Subtype prevalence, plasmid profiles and growing fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella from Kolkata, India (2001􀂱2007): a hospital-based study, Tropical Medicine and International Health, 15, 2010, 1499-1577. [2] M. M. Rahaman, M. M. Khan, M. S. Aziz, M. S. Islam and A. K. M. G. Kibriya. An Outbreak of Dysentery Caused by Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 on a Coral Island in the Bay of Bengal. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 132, 1975, 15-19. [3] W. S. Carus, Bioterrorism and Biocrimes: The Illicit Use of Biological Agents Since 1900 (Fredonia Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2002). [4] M. R. Marquez, C. Dilday, and D. Kennedy, U.S. Military response to domestic civil unrest: Implications for Social Work, International Journal of Education Sociology and Science, 2, 2015, 16-20.

Abstract: Background: Globally, the number of children younger than 15 years living with HIV infection had increased from1.6 million in 2001 to 2.5 million in 2009. In2009 globally, 370,000 children under the age of 15 years were newly infected, i.e. approximately1000 a day and 260,000 children died, the majority were under the age of 2years. As the perinatal transmission is major route of transmission of pediatric HIV, much work is to be done in this area to improve the care of the HIV positive mothers i.e. regarding ART prophylaxis, institutional deliveries, proper infant feeding practices and follow up care.

[1]. Updated guidelines on Parent to Child Transmission (PPTCT) of HIV using Multi DrugAnti-retroviral Regimen in India December, 2013. naco.gov.in/upload/NACP./National_Guidelines_for_PPTCT.

[2]. First-line ART for pregnant and breastfeeding women and ARV drugs for their infants; CONSOLIDATED WHO ARV GUIDELINES, JUNE 2013,Chapter 7: Clinical guidance across the continuum of care: antiretroviral therapy.

[3]. Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV to reach the UNGASS and Millennium Development Goals: PMTCT Strategic Vision2010–2015.

[4]. Nathan Forda et al: Safety of efavirenz in the first trimester of pregnancy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS 2014, 28 (Suppl 2):S123–S131.

[5]. Taylor GT, Clayden P, Dhar J, Gandhi K, Gilleece Y, Harding K, et al. BHIVA guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2012. HIV Med 2012; 13 (Suppl 2):87–157.

[6]. European AIDS Clinical Society Guidelines. Version 7.0. October 2013. European surveillance of congenital anomalies. http://www.Eurocat-network.Eu/accessprevalencedata.

Abstract: Periodontium consists of soft and hard tissues that are responsible for maintaining the teeth in their functional and anatomical positions throughout life bearing the functional and parafunctional loads at the same time. Periodontal ligament (PDL) is the specialized connective tissue that provides the teeth support owing to collagen fiber content, protection and neurosensory supply for performing masticatory function. PDL also provides a constant source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and cementoblasts throughout life. (Seo et al 2004).

[1]. Bai Y, Nakamura M, Zhou G, Li Y, Liu Z, Ozaki T, et al. (2010). Novel isoforms of periostin expressed in the human thyroid. Jpn Clin Med 1:13-20.
[2]. Horiuchi K, Amizuka N, Takeshita S, Takamatsu H, Katsuura M, Ozawa H, et al. (1999). Identification and characterization of a novel protein, periostin, with restricted expression to periosteum and periodontal ligament and increased expression by transforming growth factor beta. J Bone Miner Res 14:1239-1249.
[3]. Kim CJ, Isono T, Tambe Y, Chano T, Okabe H, Okada Y, et al. (2008). Role of alternative splicing of periostin in human bladder carcinogenesis. Int J Oncol 32:161-169.
[4]. Kuhn B, del Monte F, Hajjar RJ, Chang YS, Lebeche D, Arab S, et al. (2007). Periostin induces proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes and promotes cardiac repair. Nat Med 13:962-969.
[5]. Litvin J, Selim AH, Montgomery MO, Lehmann K, Rico MC, Devlin H et al. (2004). Expression and function of periostin-isoforms in bone. J Cell Biochem 92:1044-1061.

Abstract: Different cultures, religions and literatures around the world describe existence of two sexes of human being since time immemorial. In Christianity, the holy book Bible (The Old Testament) mentions of 'Adam' as the first man and 'Eve' as the first woman of mankind. In India, Vedas (Rig Veda, 4000-3000 BC) of Hindus also mention of two different sexes of human being as 'Purusha' (male) and 'Prakriti' (female), but also recognizes existence of another sex state- 'Tritiya Prakriti' or 'Third gender'. Sanskrit language that originated in India (~4000 BC) mentions about existence of four gender states- Pung (masculine); Stree (feminine); Kliba (Neuter) and Ubhayalinga (common gender).

[1]. The Global Fund to fight AIDS, TB & Malaria Round 7 – Counselling Subcomponent (17 december, 2008), 12 day's Induction training for ‗Master Trainers', organized by Tata Institute of Social Science (TISS) Deonar, Mumbai.

[2]. Venkat, Vidya (2008). "From the shadows‖. Frontline (The Hindu Group) 25 (4, 16–29 February). ardhanari

[3]. "Many, if not most, translations of Valmiki's Ramayana do not contain this reference." Joseph T. Bockrath, "Bhartia Hijro Ka Dharma: The Code of India's Hijra", Legal Studies Forum 83 (2003). Ramayana

[4]. Verma, retold & edited by T.R. Bhanot ; art work by K.L. (1990). The Mahabharata. New Delhi: Dreamland Publications. p. 19. ISBN 9788173010453. Brihannla.

[5]. Narrain, Siddharth (2003). "In a twilight world‖. Frontline (The Hindu Group) 20 (21, 11–24 October).

[6]. Danielou, Alain. The Complete Kama Sutra, Part Two, Chapter Nine, entitled "Superior Coition or Fellation [Auparishtaka]. Rochester, VT: Park Street Press, 1994.

Abstract: Anemia is a decrease in number of red blood cells (RBCs) or reduced quantity of hemoglobin in the blood.[9][10]However, it can include decreased oxygen-binding ability of each hemoglobin molecule due to deformity or lack in numerical development as in some other types of hemoglobin deficiency. Because hemoglobin (found inside RBCs) normally carries oxygen from the lungs to the capillaries, anemia leads to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in organs[4]. Since all human cells depend on oxygen for survival, varying degrees of anemia can have a wide range of clinical consequences. Anemia is the most common disorder of the blood[5][6]. The several kinds of anemia are produced by a variety of underlying causes. It can be classified in a variety of ways, based on the morphology of RBCs, underlying etiologic mechanisms, and discernible clinical spectra, to mention a few.

[1]. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. What Causes Anemia? Retrieved on June 9, 2010 [2]. Table 12-1 in:Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7.8th edition. [3]. Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell, Richard N. (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. p. 432 ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1 [4]. Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; NelsoFausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. p. 637. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1. [5]. AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (AIHA)]By J.L. Jenkins. The Regional Cancer Center. 2001 [6]. Berentsen S, Beiske K, Tjønnfjord GE (October 2007)."Primary chronic cold agglutinin disease: An update on pathogenesis, clinical features and therapy". Hematology12 (5): 361–70 [7]. Page 62 (Fluid imbalances) in: Portable Fluids and Electrolytes (Portable Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.

Abstract: Background: Data on sex related difference in clinical presentation of NSTEMI/UA are sparse in our country. Sex related in NSTEMI/UA difference has never been studied in North-Eastern India Aim: The present study was undertaken to study the sex related difference in clinical characteristic, treatment and outcome in NSTEMI/UA Methods: We prospectively collected data of 194 NSTEMI/UA patients from February 2011 to August 2012 in Gauhati Medical College, a tertiary care center in North-Eastern India. We evaluated data on sex related difference in clinical characteristic, treatment, and outcome in NSTEMI/UA patients.

[1]. Califf R M and Mathew T R, ACS Essentials,3rd edition,2010
[2]. Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: Part II: variations in cardiovascular disease by specific ethnic groups and geographic regions and prevention strategies. Circulation 2001; 104: 2855-2864
[3]. Ghaffar A, Reddy KS, Singhi M. Burden of non-communicable diseases in South Asia. BMJ 2004; 328: 807-810.
[4]. Joshi P, Islam S, Pais P, et al. Risk factors for early myocardial infarction in South Asians compared with individuals in other countries. JAMA 2007; 297: 286-294
[5]. Xavier D, Pais P, Devereaux PJ, Xie C, Prabhakaran D, Reddy KS, et al treatment and outcomes of acute coronary syndromes in India (CREATE): a prospective analysis of registry data. Lancet 2008; 371(9622): 1435-42.
[6]. Iqbal F, Barkataki JC, Spectrum of acute coronary syndrome in North Eastern India – A study from a major center. Indian Heart J. (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2015.07.040

Abstract:Introduction
• The hormonally active form of vitamin D (1,25D) can improve symptoms of psoriasis.
• Previous work in our lab showed that the LCE2B gene (one of 18 similar LCE genes) is upregulated by 1,25D. This may help repair skin after psoriasis injury.
• Two candidate vitamin D response element (VDRE) sequences, designated LCE2.e1 and LCE2.e3, located near the LCE2B gene were previously shown to bind VDR and RXR.

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Abstract: Pure ZnO and (3, 5,7wt. %) Fe doped ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrate using pulse laser deposition (PLD) technique. The deposition was carried out using Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser(1064nm) as the light source. The structure and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis spectrometer measurements. XRD patterns show films have a polycrystalline wurtzite structure. It can be seen from AFM that the average grain size, roughness and RMS increased with increasing doping concentration of Fe .Optical properties investigation found that high transparent of thin films in the visible wavelength region. Band gap of pure ZnO the films has been found to be 3.02 eV and 2.52 eV for 7 wt. %Fe doped ZnO films. The refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (Ke)is increased as the concentration of Fe increased.

Keywords: Pulse laser deposition, Zinc oxide, Thin film, Fe

[1] Y.Chen,D.M.Bagnall,Hang-Junkoh,Ki-tae park,Kenji Hiraga,Ziqiang Zhu and Takafumin Yao,"Plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy of ZnO on c- plane sapphire-growth and characterization" J. Appl. Phys,Vol .84, p.3912,(1998)

[2] N.T. Huong, Nguyen Viet Tuyen, Nguyen Hoa Hong,"Structural properties of P-doped ZnO" J.Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 126, p.54,(2011).

[3] Abood, M.A. Mustafa, F.I. Fraih, M.R. and Abduligabar, M.D. 2014 Fabrication of multi-junction solar cells. J. Baghdad for Science. Vol.11,p.614, (Nov. 2014).

[4] G. H. Kim,Dong Lim Kim,Byung Du Ahn,Sang Yeol Leo, Hyun Jae Kim " Investigation on doping behavior of copper in ZnO thin film", J,Microelectron, Vol .40, p. 272,(2009).

[5] K.Huang ,Tang ,Zhen ,Zhang ,Li,Yu,Jiang Yin,Lv,Jianguo,Liu,Xi ansong,Liu Feng "Preparation and characterization of Mg-doped ZnO thin films by sol-gel method ", J.Applied Surface Science, Vol.258, p .3710, (2012).

Abstract: Aims: Comparative study of cartilage and temporalis fascia graft in pediatric tympanoplasty regarding graft uptake and hearing improvement. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in our institution between 2010 to 2013. All patients were in the age group 9-13 years having chronic suppurative otitis media with perforation in the pars tensa. The patients for the study were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent tympanoplasty type I under general anesthesia via retroauricular approach. Patients were divided into Group A. Tympanoplasty using tragal cartilage island graft. Group B. Tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia graft with 40 patients in each group. Data regarding successful perforation closure and hearing improvement were recorded and final assessment made at 6 months.

[1]. Sudhakar V. cartilage tympanoplasty for management of TM perforation: Review of Literatue Glasscock, Shambaugh. Middle ear surgery 6th edition 2010;6:465-466
[2]. Tong M.C.F, Lop, Van Hasselt C.A. The American Journal of otology 2000;(21):24-27
[3]. Adva B Friedman, Gluth, Moore, John. Outcomes of Cartilage tympanoplasty in the pediatric population. Otolaryngology head neck surgery 2013, Feb; 148(2): 297-301
[4]. Tos Mirko. Manual of middle ear surgery, Approaches, Myringoplasty, Ossiculoplasty and Tyampanoplasty Michael E.Glassocok 3rd -1993;1:7 – 10
[5]. Anderson J, Caye-Thomasen P, Tos M. A comparison of cartilage palisades and fascia in

Abstract: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common infection in human beings, especially in intensive care unit due to the impaired immunity and invasive procedures. The changing pattern of resistance to antibiotics may lead to therapeutic failure and it is a major public health issue. We aimed to see the prevalence of UTI among ICU patients, its bacterial profile and to evaluate its ESBL production among the GNB. E.coli and Klebsiella were the predominant uropathogens. 39.5% were ESBL producers among this GNB. They were maximum sensitive to amikacin, nitrofurantoin and nalidixic acid, followed by norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. This study reveals the emergence of ESBL producers among urinary isolates in ICU, which makes the treatment failure. The clinician must be aware of the antibiotic resistance as well as sensitivity knowledge in their locale. So that, to avoid treatment failure, proper infection control which in turn, will reflect on good patient outcome.

Key words: ICU, ESBL, GNB, uropathogens.

[1]. M.Anuradha. Urinary isolates with special reference to ESBL producers. Int. J.Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci (2015): 4(5):892-899.
[2]. Saeide Saeidi, Mehdi Ghamgosha, Ramezan Ali Taheri, Yasub Shiri, Mahmood Solouki, Kazem Hassanpour, Gholamreza Farnoosh. Phenotypic and genotypic detection of extended spectrum β Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Zabol, Iran. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014:2(9): 732-737.
[3]. Philippon A, Labia R, Jacoby G. Antimicrob Agents. Chemother. 1989; 33:1131-6.
[4]. Deshmukh DG, Damle AS, Bajaj JK, Bhakre JB. The metalo β Lactamase producing clinical isolates from the patients of a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Laboratory Physicians. 2011:3(2):93-97.
[5]. Loveena Oberoi, Nachhatarjit SINGH, Poonam Sharma, Aruna Agarwal. ESBL, MBL, and AmpC beta lactamase producing super bugs- havoc in the Intensive care unit, of Punjab, India. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2013. January .vol-7(1):70-73.
[6]. 6.Reich F, Atanassova V, Klein G. extended spectrum β Lactamase (ESBL) & AmpC producing enterobacteriaceae in healthy broiler chickens, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2013;:19:1253-1259.

Abstract: Objective: To assess the gingival health status among preclinical and clinical Yemeni dental students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on preclinical and clinical students at Thamar University. The self-reported oral health behavior of dental students with their actual gingival status was evaluated. One hundred and ninety five volunteers (115 male and 80 females with mean age (21.71+1.72) who participated in this study completed the self-reported questionnaire. Subsequently a clinical examination for their gingival conditions was assessed. The clinical examination for the participants comprised plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, and calculus index.

[1] Jenkins WM and Papapanou PN. "Epidemiology of periodontal disease in children and adolescents", J Periodontol 2000; 26:16-23.
[2] Burt, B.; Research, Science and Therapy Committee of American Academy of Periodontology. Position paper: epidemiology of periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2005; 76:1406-19,
[3] R. C. Williams, "Understanding and managing periodontal diseases: a notable past, a promising future", J Periodontol 2008; 79:1552-9.
[4] Loe, H. The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems. J Periodontol 1967; 38:610-6.
[5] Mariotti A. Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases. Ann Periodontol 1999; 4:7-19.
[6] G. T. Terèzhalmy, R. D. Bartizek, A. R. Biesbrock, "Plaque removal efficacy of four types of dental floss," J Periodontol 2008; 79:245-51.

Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the pain sensation that orthodontic patients experience when elastic separators (ES) and kesling separators (KS) are placed mesial and distal to 1st molars in the maxilla to determine the degree of analgesic efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) compared to a placebo treatment. The study was conducted with 64 orthodontic patients ( Group I (ES) group- 32 patients, Group II( KS) group- 32 patients ) who were fitted with elastic and kesling separatorsmesial and distal to 1st molars in the maxilla. Right quadrant was chosen to be irradiated with an 830-nm laser, 2 w , applied for 20 s per point.

[1]. M. Artés-Ribas& J. Arnabat-Dominguez & A. Puigdollers Analgesic effect of a low-level laser therapy (830 nm) in early
orthodontic treatment Lasers Med Sci 2013; 28:335–341
[2]. CelestinoNo´brega, DDS, Edina Mariko Koga da Silva, MD, PhD Low-Level Laser Therapy for Treatment of Pain Associated with
Orthodontic Elastomeric Separator Placement: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial Photomedicine and
Laser Surgery 2013;31(1):10-16
[3]. Fujiyama K, deguchi T, Murakami T, Fujii A, Kushima K, Takano-Yamamoto T. Clinical Effect of CO2 laser in reducing pain in
orthodontics. Angle orthod. 2008;78:299-303.
[4]. Won Tae Kim; Mohamed Bayome; Jun-Beom Park; Jae Hyun Park; Seung-HakBaek; Yoon-Ah Kook Effect of frequent laser
irradiation on orthodontic pain A single-blind randomized clinical trial Angle Orthod. 2013;83:611–616.
[5]. Andre´ Tortamano,DanieleCaloviniLenzi,Ana Cristina Soares Santos Haddad, Low-level laser therapy for pain caused by
placement of the first orthodontic archwire: A randomized clinical trial Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 2009;136:662-7.

Abstract: The incidence of Candida infection is increasing globally. The normal microbial flora of human being give rise to life threatening endogenous infections in immunocompromised patients and also associated with the hospital acquired infection. Due to the advancement in the medical field and overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics, non albicans Candida (NAC) became the chief pathogenic organism over Candida albicans. The aim of the present study was to encounter different species of NAC and their antifungal susceptibility. Hundred and eighty different clinical isolates of Candida species were subjected to identification and antifungal test in a tertiary care hospital.

[1] Warnock D W. Trends in the Epidemiology of invasive Fungal infections. Jpn. J. Med. Mycol, 2007; 48:1-12.
[2] Kaur R, Goyal R, Dhakand MS, Bhalla P, Kumar Rakesh. Epidemiology and virulence determinants including Biofilm profile of Candida infections in an ICU in a tertiary Hospital in India. J of Mycology, 2014; ID: 303491, 1-8.
[3] Baran N, Salman I S, Yurtsever1 S G, Ozdemir R, Gungor S, Yurtsever S and Demirci M. Typing of Candida species isolated from blood cultures and analysis of their in vitro antifungal susceptibilities. African J of Microbiol Research, 7(41),2013, 4882-4885. [4] Pappas P G, John H R, Jeannette L, Richard JH, Larsen RA, Powderly W, Kauffman CA, Hyslop N, Mangino JE, Champman S, Horowitz HW, Edwards JE and Dismukes WE. A prospective Observational Study of Candidemia: Epidemiology, Therapy, and Influences on Mortality in Hospitalized Adult and Pediatric patients. Clinical Infect Dis 37, 2003, 634-43. [5] Kothavade R J, Kura MM, Yaland AG and Panthaki MH. Candida tropicalis: its prevalence, pathogenicity and increasing to fluconazole. J Med Microbiol, 59, 2010, 873-80. [6] Kothari A and Sagar V. Epidemiology of Candida bloodstream infections in a tertiary care institute in India. Indian J Med Microbiol, 27, 2009, 171-2.

Abstract: Orbital abscess and superior orbital fissure syndrome (SOFS) are rare manifestations of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Herein, we report a case of SOFS along with orbital abscess in a 5 year old male child secondary to herpes zoster infection. He presented with a 5-day history of proptosis and ptosis of the right eye that had been preceded by vesicular eruptions on the right forehead and scalp. CT scan of the head and orbit showed orbital abscess. A diagnosis of SOFS with orbital abscess secondary to herpes infection was made. The condition subsequently improved following antiviral therapy, intravenous vancomycin and amikacin, and oral corticosteroids.

Key words: Herpes zoster, orbital abscess, proptosis, superior orbital fissure syndrome

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[4]. Acarturk S, Sekucoglu T, Kesiktas E. Mega dose corticosteroid treatment for traumatic superior orbital fissure and orbital apex syndromes. Ann Plast Surg, 2004 ; 53(1) : 60-64.
[5]. Rohrich RJ, Hackney FL, Parikh RS. Superior orbital fissure syndrome : current management concepts. J. Craniomaxillofac Trauma 1995 ; 1(2) : 44-48 [Pubmed ]
[6]. Hedstrom J, Parsons J, Malony PL, Dhoku HC. Superior orbital fissure syndrome – report of a case. J. Oral Surg 1974; 32 (3) : 198-201 [Pubmed]

Abstract: Obstetric patients are at particular risk of post dural puncture headache (PDPH) due to their gender, age and the widespread use of neuraxial anaesthesia in this population. We reviewed the management of PDPH in our maternity unit with emphasis on treatment and patient follow up.

[1]. Turnbull DK. Shepherd DB. Post-dural puncture headache: pathogensis, prevention and treatment. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 718 - 729.
[2]. Basurto Ona X, Martínez García L, Solà I et al. Drug therapy for treating post –dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 8: CD007887.
[3]. Sudlow CLM, Warlow CP. Posture and fluids for preventing postdural puncture headache. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002; 2: CD001790.
[4]. Boonmak P, Boonmak S. Epidural blood patching for preventing and treating post -dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010; 1: CD001791.

Abstract: Background: Stroke is second leading cause of the deaths worldwide and leading cause of functional impairments in adults which would affects both patients and their relatives in most regions. As the populations are getting older, there is dramatic increase in prevalence and burden of disability is expected in the coming years. Aims and Objectives:1) To describe the socio-demographic profile of the patients associated with stroke patients admitted at Rims, Ranchi.2)To describe the risk factors associated with types of stroke among the patients admitted at Rims,Ranchi.

[1]. The World Health Organization. The WHO Steps Manual. The WHO stepwise approach to the stroke surveillance. Geneva, Switzerland. 2006, available at: http://www.who.int/chp/steps/Manual.pdf.
[2]. Banerjee TK, Mukherjee CS, Sarkhel A. Strokes in the urban population of Calcutta: an epidemiological study. Neuroepidemiology. 2001; 20: 201–03 [3]. Das SK, Banerjee TK, Biswas A, Roy T, Raut DK, Mukherjee CS, Chaudhuri A, Hazra A, Roy J. A prospective community-based study of stroke in Kolkata, India. Stroke. 2007; 38: 906–910. [4]. Feigin VL, Lawes CMM, Bennett DA, Anderson CS. Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century. Lancet Neurol. 2003; 2: 43–53. [5]. Census of India 2001. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/ States_at_glance/ State_Links/32_ker.pdf, last accessed on July 2, 2008.

Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a world wide public health problem. Smoking is a major health hazard, it is less thought of as a contribution to morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis. This prompted us to carry out case- control study to determine association between tobacco smoking and pulmonary tuberculosis in case and controls selected from a nested population surveyed for pulmonary tuberculosis. Aims And Objectives: To find out the pattern and degree of smoking in normal healthy control group. To find out the smoking habit and its pattern in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the effect of smoking on course and severity of illness. To find any correlation between smoking habit, duration with type and clinical course of pulmonary tuberculosis and its complications.

1]. Kolappan C Gopi P G Tobacco smoking and pulmonary tuberculosis. Thorax 2002; 57: 964-966
[2]. Alcaide J. Altet M N, Plans P. et al. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for tuberculosis in young adults: A case control study Tubercular lung disease.1996; 77: 112-116.
[3]. Ariyothai n, Podhipak A Akaraseuri P, Tornee s Smithtikam s, et al. Cigarette smoking and its realtion to pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. Southeast Asian J. Trop Med Public Health (2004);35:219-227.
[4]. World Health Organization Global Burden of disease unit. Global Health Statistics WHO, GENEVA,2006.
[5]. Buskin S E, GALE J L, Weiss N S, Nolan C M – Tuberculosis risk factors in adults in King Country, washington, 1988 through 1990. AM j Pub Health 1994 ; 84 ; 1750- 1756.
[6]. Fernandez Jorge M A, Alonso Mallo E, loboto Delgado L A, Martinez Sanchez J M. Extra – Pulmonary Tuberculosis P: retrospective study of 107 cases . Anales de Medicina Interna 1995;212-215.
[7]. Gori, G B: Appraoches to the reduction of total particulate matter in cigarette smoke. Proceedings of the Third World conference on smoking and health Vol1 Washington DC, Govt. Printing office, P 451 : 1976.

Abstract: Wrinkles and grooves found on the mucosa of lips have characteristic patterns, known as lip prints. The present study was conducted to determine the uniqueness of lip prints, to identify the most common type and to evaluate the gender difference in the lip print patterns. Lip prints of 200 undergraduate medical students (100 males and 100 females) in the age group of 18-23 years were collected and analyzed with the help of a personal computer and Adobe photoshop software. The lip print pattern of an individual is unique and there is difference in the pattern of both sexes.

Keywords: Cheiloscopy, lip prints, sex determination.

[1]. Caldas IM, Magalhaes T, Afonso A. Establishing identity using cheiloscopy and palatoscopy. Forensic SciInt 2007, 167:1-9.
[2]. Sivapathasundharam B, Prakash PA, Sivakumar G. Lip prints (Cheiloscopy). Indian J Dent Res 2001, 12:234-237.
[3]. Ghimire N, GhimireN,Nepal P, Upadhyay S, Budhathoki SS, Subba A, Kharel B. Lip print pattern : An identification tool. Health Renaissance 2013,11(3):229-233.
[4]. Augustine J, Barpande SR, Tupkari JV. Cheiloscopy as an adjunct to forensic identification: A study of 600 individuals. J Forensic Odontostomatol 2008, 27(2):44-52.
[5]. R. Warwick, P.L. Williams, Gray Anatomia, 35th ed., Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 1979, pp. 1137–1140; 1168–1173.
[6]. V.M. Pueyo, B.R. Garrido, J.A.S. Sa ´nchez, Odontologı ´a Legaly Forense, Masson, Barcelona, 1994, pp. 277–292.
[7]. Kasprzak J. Possibilities of cheiloscopy. Forensic Sci Int. 1990, 46:145–51.

Abstract: This is a retrospective study that includes 1062 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at ESI hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad. Thyroid profile is being done as a routine test along with other antenatal profile tests in our hospital. Thyroid profile test includes serum T3, serum T4 and serum TSH. Hospital Ethics committee permission was granted for the study. Results: A total of 1062 pregnant women were enrolled for this study. Results showed 20.1% prevalence of hypothyroidism of which 14.9% being subclinical hypothyroidism and 6.6% overt hypothyroidism. Conclusion:The study shows a very high prevalence rate of hypothyroidism in the patients attending the antenatal outpatient department at ESI hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad. This justifies the inclusion of thyroid profile test as a routine test in the antenatal profile. Keywords: Pregnancy, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, prevalence, India.

[1]. Dinesh K. Dhanwal, Sudha Prasad, A. K. Agarwal, Vivek Dixit, and A. K. Banerjee. High prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism during first trimester of pregnancy in North India. Indian J EndocrinolMetab. 2013 Mar-Apr; 17(2): 281–284
[2]. Brain M. Casey and Kenneth J. Leveno. Thyroid disease in pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology. Volume 108, no.5, November 2006, page 1283-1292

Abstract: It is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly gets worse over time and become incurable and the valid grounds of Alzheimer's disease [1] are poorly understood. About 70 % of the risk is believed to be genetic with many genes usually involved. Other risk factors include a history of head injuries, depression, or hypertension. Affected people increasingly rely on others for assistance, often placing a burden on the caregiver; the pressures can include social, psychological, physical, and economic elements. Exercise programs are beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and can potentially improve outcomes. The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still mostly unknown except for 1 % to 5 % of cases where genetic differences have been identified.

[1] Alzheimer's A. Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2012; 8: 131–68.

[2] Zhou J, Seeley WW. Network dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia: implications for psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry.2014; 75: 565–73.

[3] Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska. Nonpharmalogic interventions for inappropriate behaviors in dementia: A review, summary and critique. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2001; 9(4),361-381.

[4] Dehaan W, van der Flier WM, Koene T, Smits LL, Scheltens P, Stam CJ. Disrupted modular brain dynamics reflect cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage. 2012; 59: 3085–93.

[5] Haughey N. J., Nath A., Chan S. L., Borchard A. C., Rao M. S., Mattson M. P. (2002). Disruption of neurogenesis by amyloid beta-peptide, and perturbed neural progenitor cell homeostasis, in models of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 83, 1509–1524.

[6] Kosenko EA, Solomadin IN, Tikhonova LA, Reddy VP, Aliev G, Kaminsky YG. Pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease: role of oxidative stress, amyloid-beta peptides, systemic ammonia and erythrocyte energy metabolism. CNS NeurolDisord Drug Targets. 2014;13: 112–9.

Abstract: Background: Transversusabdominis plane (TAP) block is regional block that involves innervations of the anterolateral abdominal wall derived from T6-T12. It provides good post-operative pain relief after various abdominal surgeries. Duration ofTAP block is limited to effect of administered local anesthetics.Various drugs have been used as adjuvants to prolong the duration of postoperative analgesia.Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists, like Dexmedetomidine have been found to prolong analgesia when used in neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks.

[1] IIPS and Macro International (2007): National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3),2005- 06, India, Vol. I andVol.II, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai. [2] Mishra, U.S., Ramanathan M. (2002): "Delivery-related complications and determinants of caesarean section rates in India". Health Policy and Planning, 17(1):90-98. [3] Lo Y, Chia YY, Liu K, Ko NH. Morphine sparing with droperidol in patient-controlled analgesia. J ClinAnesth 2005;17:271-5. [4] Christie IW, McCabe S. Major complications of epidural analgesia after surgery:Results of a six-year survey.Anesthesia 2007;62:335-41. [5] Rozen WM, Tran TM, Ashton MW, Barrington MJ, Ivanusic JJ, Taylor GI. Refining the course of the thoracolumbar nerves: A new understanding of the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall.ClinAnat 2008;21:325-33. [6] McDonnell JG, Curley G, Carney J, Benton A, Costello J, Maharaj CH, et al. The analgesic efficacy of transversusabdominis plane block after cesarean delivery: A randomized controlled trial.AnesthAnalg 2008;106:186-91. [7] O'Donnell BD, McDonnell JG, McShane AJ. The transversusabdominis plane (TAP) block in open retropubic prostatectomy.RegAnesth Pain Med 2006;31:91.

Abstract: Introduction: Depression levels in the community are considered as specific indicators for mental status of a person. Medicine is one of the hardest science and Huge materials and it is needs a lot of studying that makes medical students most prone to depression. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of depression among Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Medi-cal students, compare the depression in students of different education years and and Compare our University students with King Saud University.

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