iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2016

Abstract: The most common cause of a breast mass in young females is fibroadenoma, accounting for approximately 75% of all breast lesions in young females [1]. However only 0.5-2% of all cases of fibroadenomas can be classified as giant fibroadenomas. Usually one or two fibroadenomas occur in a patient, but bilateral lesions or even up to four in a single breast is a relatively common feature. Ultrasound is particularly useful in evaluation of fibroadenomas since young women commonly have dense breast tissue, rendering mammography more difficult. The postoperative recurrence of fibroadenomas in patient perhaps was due to the constant presence of the predisposing factors and should not be considered a relapse. Material and methods:A study of 100 cases of breast lumps were studied for the evaluation of unusual types of fibroadenomas.

[1]. F Musio, D Monzingo, DP Otchy, Multiple, giant fibroadenomas, American Surgeon, 57 (7) (1991), pp. 438–441 [PubMed]
[2]. CA Park, LR David, LC Argenta, Breast asymmertry: Presentation of a giant .fibroadenomaThe Breast Journal, 12 (5) (2006), pp. 451–461 [PubMed)
[3]. Wiegenstein L, Tank R, Gould VE. Multiple breast fibroadenomas in women on oral contraceptives. N Engl J Med. 1971;284:676. [-(PubMed)
[4]. Amshel CE, Sibley E. Multiple unilateral fibroadenomas. Breast J. 2001;7(3):189–91. (PubMed)
[5]. Williamson ME, Lyons K, Hughes LE. Multiple fibroadenomas of the breast: a problem of uncertain incidence and management. Ann R CollSurg Engl. 1993;75(3):161–3. [PMC free article] [PubMed)
[6]. NK De Silva, ML BrandtDisorders of the breast in children and adolescents, part 2: breast masses
[7]. J PediatrAdolescGynecol, 19 (2006), pp. 415–418 [PubMed] 1. Dehner LP, Hill DA, Deschryver K. Pathology of the breast in children, adolescents, and young adults.SeminDiagnPathol 1999. Aug;16(3):235-247 (PubMed) .
[8]. Rong-rong Z., Scott B., Ping s., Jim Z.Lu, Yan P. Unusual presentation of multiple fibroadenomas in bilateral breasts and axillary accessory breast. Breast Cancer: Basic Clin Res. 2012;6:95–99.[PMC free article] [PubMed]

Abstract: Background: Dacryocystitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal sac due to nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Chronic dacryocystitis is a constant threat to cornea and orbital soft tissue. Surgery is the mainstay for its treatment. The gold standard procedure of choice for the treatment of epiphora is Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). This study proposes to evaluate and compare the surgical outcome of External DCR and Transcanalicular laser DCR (TC- DCR). Methods: An Open Level Randomized Clinical Trial study was conducted from December 2013 to May 2015. 80 diagnosed cases of chronic dacryocystitis were randomized into two groups, External DCR and TC- DCR groups. Each of them included 40 patients.

[1]. Sihota R, Tandon R. Parsons' Disease of the Eye. 21st edition, New Delhi: Elsevier; 2011.Diseases of the Lacrimal Apparatus; p462-469.
[2]. Hurwitz JJ. The lacrimal drainage system. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS. Ophthalmology. 3rd edition, Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. P1482-1487.
[3]. Dutta LC, Dutta KN. Modern Ophthalmology vol 2. 3rd Edition, New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 2005. Anatomy Physiology and Diseases of the Lacrimal System; p 718-724.
[4]. Kanski JJ, Bowling B, Nischal K, Pearson A . Clinical Ophthalmology A Systemic Approach. 7th edition, Edinburg: Elsevier Saunders; 2011. Lacrimal drainage system; p 65-78.
[5]. Jack MK. Dacryocystorhinostomy. Description of a Transcanalicular Method. Am J Ophthalmol 1963; 56: 974-7.
[6]. Haefliger IO, Piffaretti JM. Lacrimal drainage system endoscopic examination and surgery through the lacrimal punctum, Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 2001; 218: 384-7.
[7]. Isloor SD.External, Conventional or Percutaneous Dacryocystorhinostomy. In Lacrimal drainage surgery. First edition,New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 2014. P 30-31.

Abstract: Acute abdomen is a common surgical/medical emergency.Most of the patients complain of pain abdomen of severe onset .In surgical emergency, perforation of hollow viscous is the main cause followed by acute appendicitis, acutecholecystitis and other causes.Every patient should be thoroughly investigated and managed on priority basis and immediate surgical intervention be done should to decrease the morbidity and mortality.

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Abstract: Background:The alarming population growth and its adverse effects on the socio-economic development has always been a reason for concern over the past decades.Use of family planning methods and unmet need along with their determinants, if estimated, would help to increase the acceptance of family planning among the users and thus help to address the problem of population growth. Objective: To assess the family planning use and the prevalence of unmet need along with their determinants among currently married women in the reproductive age group in a rural area of West Bengal.

[1]. Govt. of India MOHFW available from: http://mohfw.nic.in/
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[4]. IIPS. National family health survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06.Mumbai: International Institute for Population Studies; 2007.Available from: http://www.mohfw.nic.in/nfhs3/index.htm,accessed on October 1, 2015.
[5]. District level household and facility survey III 2007-08 (DLHS III). Ministry of health and family welfare,Government of India. Available from: http://www.rchiips.org/pdf/INDIA_REPORT_DLHS-3.pdf, assessed on October 9,2015.

Abstract: Objective : To study the clinical, laboratory profile and outcome of scrub typhus in children. Methodology: Children admitted with unexplained fever and diagnosed as scrub typhus between Nov 2013 and Mar 2015 were included in this study. Detailed history, clinical examination findings, laboratory profile, complications and outcome were analysed. Results: Total of 100 children were included and all of them presented with unexplained fever and any one or more of the following features like headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, eschar, rash, hepatospleenomegaly and shock.

[1]. Batra HV.Spotted features and typhus fever in Tamil Nadu –commentary. Indian J Med Res2007;126;101-103
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[4]. Presence of rickettsioses in southern India. Ann Trop Med Parasitol . 2001 jun; 95(4):395-8
[5]. Sharma A, Mahajan S, Gupta ML, Kanga A, Sharma V.Investigation of an outbreak of scrub typhusin the Himalayan region of India. Jpn J infect Dis.2005; 58: 208-10.
[6]. Isaac R, Varghese GM, Mathai E, Manjula J, Joseph I.Scrub Typhus: prevalence and diagnosticissues in rural Southern India. Clin infect dis. 2004; 39: 1395-1396.
[7]. Digra SK, Saini GS, Singh V, Sharma SD, Kaul R.Scrub typhus in children: Jammu Experience. JkScience: Journal of Medical Education & Research.2010 Jan.
[8]. Chanta C, Chanta S.Clinical study of 20 children with scrub typhus at Chiang Rai RegionalHospital.J Med Assoc Thai. 2005 Dec; 88(12): 1867-72.

Abstract: The propyl derivative of the pipecoloxylidides was less toxic than the butyl derivative (bupivacaine). Further work revealed that the nerve blocking properties of the R and S enantiomers were similar but that the S-enantiomer was less cardiotoxic. Thus the S enantiomer of the propyl derivative (Ropivacaine) was chosen for further development.Ropivacaine,structurally resembling bupivacaine, with a propyl group on the piperidine nitrogen atom of the molecule is a relatively new amino-amide anaesthetic agent, similar in chemical structure to bupivacaine has been recently launched in India, for clinical evaluation having various advantages like early onset and shorter duration of action and having lesser cardio toxicity as compared to bupivacaine. The drug ropivacaine, relieves the psychological distress of being immobile for a longer period of time after lower abdominal surgeries.In view of the above context the present study was undertaken for comparison of isobaric ropivacaine and isobaric bupivacaine to determine clinical efficacy of ropivacaine.

[1] Covino BG et al;Rationale for spinal anaesthesia ;International Anaesthesialogy clinics 1989 spring:27(1)8-12.
[2] C.Morton, Dept of anaesthesia Royal Infirmacy of Edinburgh,United Kingdom Newer Drugs: Ropivacaine
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[4] Mark G mandbach et al :The American society of Regional Anaesthesia: A concise History of the original group ,its growth & eventual dissolution. Regional Anaesthesia & Pain Medicine vol 31,issue 1, January 2006, page 53-65.
[5] Neural blockade in clinical anaesthesia & management of pain,issue 493,page 204
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Abstract: At present, the treatment of choice for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults continues to be surgical. The inflammation in acute appendicitis may sometimes be enclosed by the patient's own defense mechanisms, by the formation of an inflammatory phlegmon or a circumscribed abscess. The management of these patients is controversial. Immediate appendectomy may be technically demanding. The exploration often ends up in an ileocecal resection or a right-sided hemicolectomy. Recently, the conditions for conservative management of these patients have changed due to the development of computed tomography and ultrasound, which has improved the diagnosis of enclosed inflammation and made drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses easier.

[1]. 1. Woodruff, R. and J. R. McDonald . Benign and malignant cystic tumors of the appendix. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1940. 71:750–755.
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[3]. 3. Higa, E. , J. Rosai , C. A. Pizzimbono , and L. Wise . Mucosal hyperplasia, mucinous cystadenoma, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix: a re-evaluation of appendiceal "mucocele.". Cancer 1973. 32 (6):1525–1541.
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Abstract: Background and Purpose: To study the efficacy of Multi detector CT in the evaluation of various types of neoplastic lung lesions and correlating these findings with CT guided biopsy of the suspected lesion. Materials and Methods: After an initial clinical assessment, 44 patients who were suspected of having neoplastic lung lesions on chest radiogram and clinically were subjected to CECT and later CT guided biopsy was done using GE bright speed elite 16 slice CT scanner.

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[6]. RamnathTakiar, DeenuNadayil, ANandakumar; Projections of Number of Cancer Cases in India (2010-2020) by Cancer Groups.Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 11, 1045-1049

Abstract: Background: Tibial plateau fractures involve the articular surface of the tibia resulting from a combination of axial loading with varus or valgus stress. Inadequate and inappropriate treatment may result in significant functional loss. Tibial plateau fractures constitute 1% of all fractures and 8% in the elderly. Peak age is 30-40 years old in men and 60-70 years in women Objective: The purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the different surgical modalities of treatment of tibial plateau fractures and their functional outcomes in RIMS Hospital, Imphal

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[2]. Soames RW. Skeletal system. In: Bannister LH, Berry MM, Collins P, Dyson M, Dussek JE, Fergusson MWJ, editors. Gray's anatomy. 38th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2000.p.697-704.
[3]. Tscherne H, Lobenhoffer P. Tibial plateau fractures. Management and expected results. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993;292 (7):87-100.
[4]. Shrestha BK, Bijukachhe B, Rajbhandary T, Uprety S, Banskota AK. Tibial plateau fractures, four years review at B&B Hospital. Kathmandu University Med J 2004; 2(8):315-16.

Abstract: The aim of modern dentistry is to manage the non-carious lesion non –invasively through remineralizationia an attempt to prevent disease progression & improve form, function, strength & esthetics of teeth. Remineralizing agents treat the demineralization by minimal invasive Technique. Demineralization of enamel occurs due to various causes. Various remineralizing agents are available to reverse the tooth demineralization into demineralization.The aim of this paper is to review the contemporary remineralizing agents available for remineralization & their implementation in clinical practice. Discussed about Indication of reminerlizing agents, Ideal requirement of remineralizing agents & various remineralizing agents i.e. CPP-ACPF, NovaMin & ß-tricalcium phosphate.

Key Words: Demineralization, Remineralization, CPP-ACPF, NovaMin & ß-tricalcium phosphate.

[1]. David J. Manton, GlennL D. Walker, Fan Cal, Nathan J. Cochrane , Peiyan Shen & Eric C. Reynolds. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in situ by the use of three commercially available sugar-free gums
[2]. 22. Elizabeth S. Gjorgievska , John W. Nicholson . A prelimnary study of enamel remineralization by dentifrices based on recaldent TM (CPP-ACP) AND NovaMin® (Calcium sodium Phosphosilicate). Acta Odontol. Latinoam. 2010,Vol. 23 Nº 3 / 2010 / 234-239
[3]. Lata S, N O Varghese, Jolly Mary Varughese. Remineralization potential of fluoride and amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phospho peptide on enamel lesions: An in vitro comparative evaluation. J Conserv Dent , Jan-Mar 2010 ; Vol 13 ;Issue 1
[4]. Gianmaria F. Ferrazzano, Ivana Amato, Tiziana Cantile, Giancarla Sangianantoni and Aniello Ingenito. In vivo remineralising effect of GC Tooth Mousse on early dental enamel lesions: SEM analysis. International Dental Journal 2011; 61: 210–216
[5]. J.D. Featherstone and S. Doméjean. The Role of remineralizing & anticaries agents in caries management. Adv Dent Res 24(2) 2012
[6]. Fay Goldste. Dental Remineralization: Simplified.2012-12-01.

Abstract: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a locally aggressive benign vascular neoplasm, composed of vasogenic and myofibroblastic elements, accounts for 0.05–0.5% of all the head and neck neoplasms. There are very few case reports of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma involving the oral cavity; we report a case involving both the maxilla and mandible in a 12-year-old patient who reported with a large firm swelling on left side of face with recurrent epistaxis.The contrast CT showed a large mutilobulated soft tissue mass epicentered in the left sinonasal cavity with extention into left parapharengeal space postero-laterally, into the middle cranial fossa, sphenoid sinus and cavernous sinus superiorly, posterior nasopharynx posteriorly, oral cavity inferiorly, infratemporal and masticator space laterally and also submandibular space. It was supplied by the right external carotid artery. Open surgical excision of the mass was done. The diagnosis at an early stage is important because it is associated with high risk of morbidity, but advances in imaging, and surgical methods of treatment have changed the outcome of this rare disease.

Keywords: Computed Tomography(CT), Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, Vascular neoplasm, Sphenopalatine foramen, Embolisation.

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Abstract: Three species of Indian major carp (Labeo rohita,Catla catla,Cirrhinus mrigala) were collected from local fish market and fishing sites of river Brahmaputra for determining the nutritional value,seasonal variation of proximate composition and vitamin A content of these fishes.Results obtained show that there is no much significant seasonal variations in body composition of Indian major carp though exceptions are always there.The ratio of retinol: dehydroretinol is of not much difference.The lipid content is comparatively low with lowest in Labeo rohita but lipid subclasses vary in different parts of the body of same fish species.Protein content is seen maximum in Cirrhinus mrigal in comparision to the other two species.

Index Terms: Retinol,dehydroretinol,fatty acids ,biochemical composition.

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Abstract: The relationship between thyroid disease and rheumatic disorders has been the subject of considerable debate. Thyroid dysfunction and/or autoimmune thyroid disease were observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which could be attributed to the natural feature of autoimmune diseases and their tendency to overlap. Consideration of the fact that autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of both RA and hypothyroidism has raised the need to study the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibodies in RA patients and their relation to disease activity.

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