iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2016

Abstract: The World Health Organization has urged to set up art emisin in based combination herapy.....

Keywords: Malaria;Plasmodiumfalciparum;Artesunate; ACT;DrugResistant

[1]. WorldHealth Organization (2010)Guidelines forthe treatmentof malaria,secondedition.
[2]. Guidelinefordiagnosis and treatment of malariain India (2013) GovernmentofIndia.
[3]. Antimalarialdrug policy-past,presemt future(pubmed)
[4]. WasunnaB,ZurovacD,GoodmanCA,SŶowRW;ͿͿͿͿͿWhydoŶ'thealth
[5]. workersprescribe ACT? aqualitativestudyoffactorsaffecting theprescriptionofartemether-lumefantrine.Malar J7:29.

Abstract: Abstract: Hypertension in children is an emerging public health issue attracting the attention of medical professionals worldwide. This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of one year from 1st August 2011 to 31st July 2012 in four schools in Guwahati. The objective was to study the profile of blood pressure in adolescent school going children and to find out the relation between age, gender, weight, height and body-mass index......

Keywords: Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, adolescents, body mass index

[1]. Mayung K.ParkPediatric Cardiology for Practiotioners, 5th edition,page no.474-475.
[2]. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th edition page no.1639-1641.
[3]. Hashem Y.Jaddou,Anwar M Bateiha,Abdul Kareem M, Yousef M Goussous, Kamel M Ajlouni. Blood pressure profile in school
children and adolescents in Jordan-a subset of comprehensive health examination survey of all school children and adolescents:
Annals of Saudi Medicine 2001; 21: Nos 1-2.
[4]. Verma M, Chhatwal J. George S M Biophysical Profile of blood pressure in children. Indian Pediats 1995, 32: 749-754.
[5]. Mogra and Bubble Preet Kaur, Association of body fat and blood pressure among children(9-12 Years). Indian Journal of
Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences 2012;2 (1) January- March. pp. 139-144

Abstract: Gynaecomastia is one of the most common problems reported in male population, with a reported prevalence of 36% (1). Various individual surgical procedures have been described however none have become a standard, hence combination of multiple modalities has emerged over a period of time. We reviewed all gynaecomastia patients operated in our institution over a two year period to assess the morbidity and complication rates associated with different procedures.........

Keywords: Gynaecomastia; male breast; mammoplasty

[1]. Nuttal FQ. Gynaecomastia as a physical finding in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1979;48:338-40.
[2]. Aegineta P. On male breast resembling the female. In: Adams F (translated) The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta. London;
Sydenham Society, Vol. 2, Book 6, Section 46, 1846; 334-5.
[3]. Nydick M, Bustos J, Dale JH, rawson RW. Gynaecomastia in adolescent boys. JAMA 1961 ; 178: 109-14.
[4]. Bannayan GA, Hajdu SI. Gynaecomastia: clinicopathological study of 351 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 1972; 57:43 1.
[5]. Moore DC, Schlaepfer LV, Paunier L, Sizonenko PC. Hormonal changes during puberty: transient pubertal gynaecomastia:
abnormal androgen-estrogen ratios. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 58:492-9

Abstract: Blow-out fractures are fractures of the orbital floor or medial wall that occur as a consequence of blunt trauma. Impact increases the intraorbital pressure, forcing the non-distensible orbital contents through the orbital floor. A blowout fracture usually occurs when a sudden blow to the eye pushes the intact globe back into the orbit.........

[1]. Ng P, Chu C, Young N, Soo M. Imaging of orbital floor fractures. AustralasRadiol. Aug
[2]. 1996;40(3):264-8
[3]. Lang W. Traumatic enophthalmos with retention of perfect acuity of vision. Eye 1989; 9: 41-45.
[4]. Smith B, Regan WF. Blow-out fracture of the orbit: mechanism and correction of intimal orbital fracture. AmJOphrha/moI1957; 44:
733-739
[5]. Fujino T. Experimental 'blow-out' fraerure of the orbit. PlasrReconsrrSurg 1974; 54: 81-82.

Abstract: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMT) or plasma cell granuloma of the larynx is a rare lesion of larynx. There is a wide variability in the clinical manifestations, histologic features, and prognosis of IMTs depending on their exact site of occurrence and age group affected. We here present a case of huge laryngeal IMT, its diagnosis, management & brief review of literature. Our case illustrates the challenges raised by large laryngeal IMTs, one of the largest ever reported

Keywords: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic tumour, Plasma cell Granuloma, Inflammatory pseudotumour, larynx, laryngofissure.

[1]. Keen M, Cho HT, Savetsky L. Pseudotumor of the larynx--an unusual cause of airway obstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
1986;94:243-6.
[2]. Wenig BM, Devaney K, Bisceglia M. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the larynx. A clinicopathologic study of eight cases
simulating a malignant spindle cell neoplasm. Cancer 1995;76:2217-29.
[3]. Humaid Alhumaid, Manal Bukhari, Ammar Rikabi, Mohamad Farahat, Tamer A. Mesallam, Khalid H. Malki, Ahmed Aldkhyyal.
Laryngeal myofibroblastic tumor: case series and literature review. International Journal of Health Sciences 2011;5(2):187-95
[4]. Sirvent N, Coindre JM, Pedeutour F. Tumeursmyofibroblastiques inflammatoires. Ann Pathol. 2002; 22: 453-460.
[5]. Gnepp DR, ed. Diagnostic surgical pathology of the head and neck. WB Saunders Company, New-York, 2001. Non squamous
pathology of the larynx, hypopharynx, and trachea: Brandwein MS, Kapadia SB, Gnepp DR. 2001; pp 239-323.

Abstract: To study the incidence of transfusions in peripartum period, risk factors for transfusion, maternal outcome and perinatal outcome of women receiving transfusions of blood & blood products in peripartum period in a tertiary hospital. Methods: A study of 582 women who received blood and its components during peripartum period was conducted over a period of 6 months in Gandhi Hospital, OBG department from June, 2015 to November, 2015........

Keywords: Transfusions, blood transfusions, blood products.

[1]. Obaid TA. No woman should die giving life. Lancet. 2007;370:1287–8.
[2]. Schantz-Dunn J, M N. The use of blood in obstetrics and gynecology in the developing world. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2011;4:86–91.
[3]. Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gülmezoglu AM, Van Look PF. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: A systematic
review. Lancet. 2006;367:1066–74.
[4]. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY, et al. Obstetrical haemorrhage. In: Cunningham FG,
Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY, et al., editors. Williams Obstetrics. 23rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill;
2010. pp. 757–95.

Abstract: Degenerative Osteoarthritis(OA)of the knee is one of the most oldest and most common chronic diseases and a major cause of pain and disability, particularly among the elderly.1Various conservative modalities like rest,traction,physical therapy,NSAIDs were tried in which two modalities have relived pain and decreased the progression of osteoarthritis viz.,arthroscopic lavage and intra-articular steroid injection into the knee joint.....

[1]. Brandt KD, Bradley JD. Should the initial drug used to treat osteoarthritis pain be a nonsteroidalantiinflammatory drug? J Rheumatol 2001;28:467–73.

[2]. Creamer P. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections in osteoarthritis: Do they work and if so, how? Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:634–6. [3]. Ravaud P, Moulinier L, Giraudeau B et al. Effects of joint lavage and steroid injection in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Results of a multicenter, randomised, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:475–82.

[4]. Bradley JD, Heilman DK, Katz BP, G'Sell P, Wallick JE, Brandt KD. Tidal irrigation as treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:100–8.

Abstract: Eccrineporocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare potentially lethal neoplasm of the skin that arises from the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine sweat glands. It was previously known as eccrineadenocarcinoma or malignant eccrineporoma. In the past they were known by different terminologies such as malignant hidroacanthoma simplex, sweat gland carcinoma, malignant intra-epidermal eccrineporoma, eccrineporoepithelioma, dysplastic poroma, malignant syringe-acanthoma and porocarcinoma. It commonly occurs between 60 to 80 years of age.........

Keywords: Skin cancer, eccrineporocarcinoma, sweat gland tumor, Porocarcinoma

[1]. LeBoit PE, Burg G, Weedon D, Sarsin A (eds) (2006) World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Pathology & Genetics: Skin Tumors. Lyon, France: IARC Press.
[2]. Choi SH, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Nam SH, Choi YW, A rare case of abdominal porocarcinoma Arch plastsurg 2014 41(1):91-93.
[3]. Pinkus H, Mehregan AH. Epidermotropiceccrine carcinoma.Acase combining features of eccrineporoma andPaget's dermatosis. Arch Dermatol1963;88:597–606
[4]. RobsonA, Greene J, AnsariN, KimB, Seed P T, MckeeP H and Calonge E. EccrinePorocarcinoma (malignant eccrineporoma): a clinicopathologic study of 69 cases. Am J SurgPathol 2001; 25(6):710-20.
[5]. Spiro RH, Huvos AG, Berk R, Strong EW. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary gland origin. A clinicopathologic study of367 cases. Am J Surg 1978;136:461-8.

Abstract: Avascular Necrosis (AVN) Of Femoral Head Is A Common A Orthopedic Condition Across The World. Core Decompression Can Be Done With Single Large Drill And Multiple Smaller Diameter Drill Holes. In The Present Study We Analyse The Results Of Core Decompression Done By Both The Methods In Stage I & II Of Avascular Necrosis Of Femoral Head. . In Group A, 48 Patients Underwent Single Core Drill With 8mm Reamer, The Guide Pin Is Inserted Aiming The Sclerosed Affected Area. After Fixing The Pin In The Neck, It Is Reamed With Reamer Of 8mm Diameter .....

[1]. Garino JP, Steinberg MA. Total Hip Arthroplasty In Patients With Avascular Necrosis Of Femoral Head. A 2 To 10 Years Follow Up. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;334:108–15.

[2]. Koo SH, Song HR, Yang JW, Yang P, Kim JR, Kim YM. Trochanteric Rotational Osteotomy For Osteonecrosis Of Femoral Head. J Bone Joint Surg. 2001;83B:83–9.

[3]. Learmonth ID, Maloon S, Dall G. Core Decompression For Early Atraumatic Osteonecrosis Of Femoral Head.J Bone Joint Surg. 1990;72B:78–90.

[4]. Steinberg ME, Larcon PG, Strafford B, Hosick WB, Corces A, Bands RE, Et Al. Core Decompression With Bone Grafting For Osteonecrosis Of Femoral Head. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001;386:71–8.

[5]. Gangji V, Hauseur JP, Matos C, De Maertelaer V, Toungouz M, Lambermont M. Treatment Of Osteonecrosis Of Femoral Head With Implantation Of Autologous Bone-Marrow Cells. J Bone Joint Surg.2004;86-A:1153–60.

Abstract: Abdominal hysterectomy is the most commonly performed procedure for various reasons. Small bowel obstruction after abdominal hysterectomy due to leftover fallopian tube is a rare possibility with almost no previous case reports. In this study we report a case of post operative intestinal obstruction caused due to constriction formed by leftover fallopian tube in a patient who has undergone abdominal hysterectomy.

Keywords: Abdominal hysterectomy, intestinal obstruction, leftover fallopian tube.

[1]. R. Guldberg, S. Wehberg, C. W. Skovlund, O. Mogensen, and O. LidegaardSalpingectomy as standard at hysterectomy? A Danish cohort study, 1977-2010. BMJ Open, July 1, 2013; 3(6): e002845 - e002845. [2]. Sezik M, Ozkaya O, Demir F, Sezik HT, Kaya H Total salpingectomy during abdominal hysterectomy: effects on ovarian reserve and ovarian stromal blood flow. J ObstetGynaecol Res. 2007 Dec;33(6):863-9.
[3]. Basu D, Ward SJ Post-hysterectomy fallopian tube prolapse-a diagnostic pitfall. J ObstetGynaecol 2007;27:324.
[4]. Bugmsann P, Hanquinet S, Brundler MA et al Intestinal obstructioncaused by an ectopic fallopian tube in a child : case report and literature review J Paed Surg. 2001 mar:36(3):508-10.

Abstract: Odontogenic fibroma is a rare benign tumour of the jaw bone with an indolent growth resulting in cortical expansion and accounts for 6.1% of all central odontogenictumours1 Odontogenic fibroma most commonly affects the mandibular/premolar region of female patients in the 2nd to 4th decade of life and frequently found as radiolucent lesions that may induce root resorption. The recent WHO histological typing of odontogenictumours distinguishes COF into the epithelium –poor type and epithelium rich type. Rare variants of odontogenic fibroma have been described in prior literature including references to 1) with giant cell lesions 2)Amyloid like protein deposition 3) ossifying variant.....

[1]. Buchner A, Merrell PW, Carpenter WM. Relative frequency of central odontogenic tumors: A study of 1,088 cases from Northern California and comparison to studies from other parts of the world. J OralMaxillofacSurg 2006;64:1343‑52.
[2]. Daley TD, Wysocki GP. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1994;78:329–36
[3]. Weber A, van Heerden WFP, Ligthelm AJ, Raubenheimer EJ. Diffuse peripheral odontogenic fibroma: Report of 3 cases. J Oral Pathol Med. 1992;21:82–
[4]. Baden E, Moskow BS, Moskow R. Odontogenic gingival epithelial hamartoma. J Oral Surg.1968;26:702–14.
[5]. Gardner DG. The peripheral odontogenic fibroma: An attempt at clarification. Oral Surg Oral Med Pathol.1982;54:40–8

Abstract: Primary teeth and the permanent successors behave as interdependent units, where each one of them interact with and depend on each other. Traumatic injury to a primary tooth has a potential to damage the underlying permanent tooth germ. It may lead to various developmental disturbances of permanent dentition. However, the root abnormalities as a result of primary teeth trauma in permanent teeth are relatively rare. An unusual and rare case of sequelae to primary tooth trauma occurring at the age of 6 years and 2 months has been described here........

Keywords: Root agenesis, primary dentition trauma, chronic infection of tooth germ.

[1]. Diana Ribeiro do Espirito Santo, Ja como, Vera Campos. Prevalence of sequelae in the permanent anterior teeth after trauma in their
predecessors: a longitudinal study of 8 years. Dental Traumatology 2009;25:300-04.
[2]. Ben-Bassat Y, Brin I, Fuks A, Zilberman Y. Effect of trauma to the primary incisor on their permanent successors in different
developmental stages. Pediatr Dent 1985;7:37–40.
[3]. Diab M, Elbadrawy HE. Intrusion injuries of primary incisors. Part III: Effects on the permanent successors. Quintessence Int
2000;31:377–84.
[4]. Von Arx T. Developmental disturbances of permanent teeth following trauma to the primary dentition. Aust Dent J 1993;38:1–10.
[5]. Arenas M, Barberı¢a E, Lucavechi T, Maroto M. Severe trauma in the primary dentition – diagnosis and treatment of sequelae in
permanent dentition. Dent Traumatol 2006;22:226–30.

Abstract: Sebaceous adenoma is rare lesion and frequently misdiagnosed clinically as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Sebaceous carcinoma are still rarer lesions taking origin from sebaceous glands.We report a case of sebaceous carcinoma on upper eyelid which was a diagnostic dilemma.Biopsy in this case was sent to us with clinical diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma/Meibomian gland carcinoma. This case is being presented solely to focus on the fact that a small or rather superficial biopsy can lead to a diagnostic dilemma.

Keywords: Sebaceous carcinoma, malignant, eyelid, sebaceous adenoma.

[1] Upendra k Wali, Abdullah Al-Mujaini.Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid.Oman J Ophthalmol.2010;3(3):117-121.
[2] Shundre Terrel,RobinWetter,GarthFraga,TheldaKestenbaum,Daniel J Aires.Penile sebaceous adenoma.JAAD2007;57(2):542-543.
[3] Henry T Lynch,RamonFusaro,Patrick M Lynch.Sebaceousskin lesions as clues to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.Jour of Investigative Dermatology 2006;126:2158-2159.
[4] .Puja Sahai, Karuna Singh, Aman Sharma, RanajoyGhosh,PrernaNembang,ChitraSarkar,BidhuKalyan.Recurrent sebaceous carcinoma of scalp in a young male treated with adjuvant radiotherapy.Jour of Cancer research and therapeutics 2013;9(4):730-732.
[5] Tumors and related lesions of sebaceous glands. In: McKee's pathology of the skin ;Elsevier Saunders. fourth edition;2012:1495-1496.

Abstract: HIV/AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized in 1981, making it one of the most destructive epidemics in history. The epidemic of HIV/AIDS is progressing at a rapid pace among young people. School children of today are exposed to the risk of being victims of HIV/AIDS unlike their predecessors a few decades ago. This study was carried over a period of one year with the objective to study the knowledge and awareness regarding HIV/AIDS among school children of Guwahati city of India........

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Knowledge, Awareness.

[1]. Anita Nath. HIV/AIDS and Indian Youth- A Review Of Literature (1980-2008). Journal Of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 2009; 6 (1)
[2]. Anjali Singh and Shikha Jain. Awareness Of HIV/AIDS Among School Adolescents In Banaskantha District Of Gujarat. Health and Population: Perspectives 2009; 32 (2) :59-65
[3]. Anurag Srivastava, Syed Esam Mahmood, Payal Mishra, V P Shrotriya, Iram Shaifali. Adolescence Awareness: A Better Tool to Combat HIV/AIDS. National Journal of Community Medicine 2011; 2 (1) :86-90
[4]. K. Malleshappa, Shivaram Krishna, Shashikumar. Awareness and Attitude of Youth Towards HIV/ AIDS in Rural Southern India. Biomedical Research 2012 ; 23 (2) :241-46
[5]. Lemessa Oljira, Yemane Berhane, Alemayehu Worku. Assessment Of Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Knowledge Level Among In-School Adolescents In Eastern Ethiopia. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2013, 16:17349.

Abstract: Placenta previa is an obstetric complication in which the placenta is extending into lower uterine segment up to or covering the cervical os. Caesarean section is one of the important risk factor for placenta previa. It is a leading cause of APH and it affects approximately 0.5% of all labours.With the recent rise in the caesarean delivery rate, it is of great value to study the placental location among prior caesarean delivery patients. This study would serve as a hospital based study in assessing the magnitude of placental location abnormalities in previous caesarean patients.........

Keywords: Placenta Previa, Adherent Placenta, Caesarean section.

[1]. Faiz AS, Ananth CV. Etiology and risk factors for placenta previa: an overview and metaanalysis of observational studies. J MaternFetal Neonatal Med 2003; 13:175-90.
[2]. Baskett TF, Calder AA, Arulkumaran S. Munrokerr‟s operative obstetrics. Antepartum haemorrhage. 12th ed. 2014. P. 178-200
[3]. Cieminski A, Długołecki F. Relationship between placenta previa and maternal age, parity and prior caesarean deliveries. Ginekol Pol. 2005 Apr; 76(4):284-9.

[4]. Tuzovic L, Djelmis J, Ilijic M. Obstetric risk factors associated with placenta previa development: casecontrol study. Croat Med J 2003; 44(6): 728-33.
[5]. Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. The effect of placenta previa on neonatal mortality: a population-based study in the United States, 1989 through 1997. Am J ObstetGynecol 2003; 188:1299-304.

Abstract: Kindler syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder which is associated with skin fragility. It was characterized by blistering in infancy, photosensitivity and progressive poikiloderma. The syndrome is characterized by involvement of the skin and mucous membrane with radiological changes. The genetic defect have been identified on the short arm of chromosome 20. This report describes a 20-year-old patient with classical features of poikiloderma who presented with as oral mucosal pigmentation

Keywords: Poikiloderma, photosensitivity, blister.

[1]. Kindler T. Congenital poikiloderma with traumatic bulla formation and progressive cutaneous atrophy. Br J Dermatol 1954;66:104-11.

[2]. Freiman A. Kindler syndrome. E-medicine. [accessed on 2.05.08]

[3]. Sharma RC, Mahajan V, Sharma NL, Sharma AK.Kindlersyndrome.Int J Dermatol 2003;42:727-32.
[4]. Jobard F, Bouadjar B, Caux F et al. Identification of mutations in a new gene encoding a FERM family protein with a plecktsrin homology domain in Kindler syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 12: 925–35.
[5]. Case Report Kindler's syndrome: a case report :IkramUllah Khan, ShafiaFazal : Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists 2008; 18: 49-52.

Abstract: Background: Pain is the most distressing aspect of any type of surgery. Analgesic multimodalities have been used but are fraught with side effects that limit their usefulness. The peripheral nerve blocks used for upper arm surgeries provide analgesia by themselves but only for a limited period. Various adjuvants have been added to local anaesthetic agents in an effort to prolong this duration. Clonidine added to ropivacaine in peripheral nerve blocks has been found to increase its efficacy by improving the analgesia. This study evaluates the effects of ropivacaine to its combination with clonidine in the interscalene nerve block.......

Keywords: Inter Scalene Block ; clonidine; peripheral nerve block; ropivacaine

[1]. Hadzic A, Williams BA, Karaca PE, et al. For outpatient rotator cuff surgery, nerve block anesthesia provides superior same-day recovery over general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2005;102:1001-7.
[2]. Khanduri KC; Regional anaesthetic techniques for orthopaedic surgeries. Med J Armed Forces India, 2008; 64:109.
[3]. Damien B, Murhy, Collin JL, Cartney, Vincent WS; Novel analgesic adjuvants for brachial plexus block. A systemic review. Anesth Analg., 2000; 90: 1122-1128.
[4]. Chawda PM, Sharma G. A clinical study comparing epinephrine 200μg or clonidine 90μg as adjuvants to local anaesthetic agent in brachial plexus block via supraclavicular approach. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2010;26:523–7.
[5]. Duma A, Urbanek B, Sitzwohl C, Zimpfer M, Kapral S. Clonidine as an adjuvant to local anaesthetic axillary brachial plexus block: a randomized, controlled study.Br J Anaesth 2005;94:112-6.

Abstract: Background: Malaria is the highest killer of people in Africa, and Nigeria in particular. It kills more people than the deadly human immunodeficiency virus, (HIV). In fever investigation, two important diagnoses to be ruled out are typhoid and malaria. An association between malaria and typhoid fever was established and named "typho-malaria fever".........

Keywords: Malaria, Typhoid fever, anti-malaria, antibiotics, efficacy.

[1]. Uneke, C.J. (2008), Concurrent malaria and typhoid fever in the tropics: the diagnostic challenges and public health implications. J. Vector Born Dis45, 133-142.
[2]. Smith D.C. (1982), The rise and fall of typhomalarial fever I: origins J Hist Med. Allied. Sci.37:182-220.
[3]. Singh, B., Kim, S. L., Matusop, A., Radhakrishnan, A., Shamsul, S.S., Coxsing, J., Thomas A., GEnway, D. J. (2004) A large focus of naturally acquired plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings. Lancet 363,1017-1024.
[4]. Sutherland, C.J., Tanomsing, N., Nolder, D., Oguike M., Jennison, C., Pukrittayakamee, S., Dolecek, C., Hien, T.T., DoRosario, V.F.& other authors (2010). Two none combining sympatric forms of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium ovale occur globally J. Infect DIS 201 :1544-1550.

Abstract: Aim: This descriptive, cross-sectional study aimed to explore the perceptions and knowledge of prescribers in Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities towards adherence to standard treatment guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of sample of 382 prescribers specifically treating rheumatoid arthritis. The data were collected, computed and analyzed using SPSS, version 16 program and descriptive analysis was conducted.........

Keywords: Knowledge, perceptions. prescribers, general practitioners, rheumatoid arthritis, Pakistan.

[1]. Mathers DSC, Pfleger B. The global burden of rheumatoid arthritis in the year 2000. Criterion.1(2).
[2]. Hui M, Ding T, Deighton C. Anti‐TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of primary care. Prescriber. 2010;21(9):48-52.
[3]. Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Bijlsma JW, Breedveld FC, Boumpas D, Burmester G, et al. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2010;69(4):631-7.
[4]. Westhoff G, Schneider M, Raspe H, Zeidler H, Runge C, Volmer T, et al. Advance and unmet need of health care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the German population—results from the German Rheumatoid Arthritis Population Survey (GRAPS). Rheumatology. 2009;48(6):650-7.

Abstract: Post electric burn scalp defect reconstruction is a challenging endevour because of the variability in presentation for scalp defect. A useful reconstructive algorithm is not fully established. The purpose of our study was to evaluate our experience and to identify an appropriate reconstructive strategy........

Keywords: Electric burn, Scalp Defect and Reconstruction

[1]. Jaffe RH : Electropathology : a review of the pathologic changes produced by electric currents, Arch Pathol.1928:5;839.
[2]. Tamas C, Popa L, Turliuc D, Morosanu C, Lazar M. Surgical reconstruction in scalp defects. Clinics of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2005:1(2);83-86.
[3]. Lisa M. Earnest, Patrick J. Byrne. Scalp Reconstruction. Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America. May 2005:13(2); 345-353.
[4]. Blackwell KE, Rawnsley JD. Aesthetic considerations in scalp reconstruction. FPS. 2008:24(1);11-21.
[5]. García del Campo JA, García de Marcos JA, del Castillo Pardo de Vera JL, García de Marcos MJ. Local flap reconstruction of large scalp defects. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008 Oct 1:13(10);E666-70.

Abstract: There are many minimally invasive modalities in use for the treatment of hemorrhoids, most of which are unavailable in our setting. This study sought to describe our recent experience with infrared photocoagulation with a view to stressing it's suitability as an office based procedure for treating hemorrhoids. A prospective study of consecutive patients presenting with symptomatic hemorrhoids was conducted over a 3 year period. 21 (22.3%) patients had grade 1 hemorrhoid, 53 (56.4%) had grade 2 and 20 (21.3%) had grade 3 hemorrhoids........

Keywords: Infrared photocoagulation, Hemorrhoid, Grade, down stage

[1]. Kaider-Person O, Person B, Wexners SD. Hemorrhoidal disease: a comprehensive review. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:102-117
[2]. Baker H. Hemorrhoids in: JL Longe (ed) Gale encyclopedia of medicine. 3rd ed. Gale, Detroit;2006:1766-1769
[3]. Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A. The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation. Gastroenterology 1990;98:380-6
[4]. Riss S, Weiser FA, Schwameis K, Riss T, Mittlbock M, Steiner G et al. The prevalence of hemorrhoids in adults. Int J colorectal Dis 2012;27:215-20

Abstract: Colorectalcancer (CRC) is termed as a civilization disorder, with high incidence in Australia, NewZealand, Europe and US, with lower rates in Africa and Central Asia.Risk factors for CRC include genetic disorders, diet, red meat, smoking, alcohol and lack of exercise is associated with increased risk. Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of CRC.Genomic analysis have revealed that eventually cell acquires a mutation in the TP53 gene and transforms the tissue from a benign epithelial tumor into an invasive epithelial cell cancer........

Keywords: Colorectalcancer,Genetics Irritable bowel syndrome, Diet, Colonoscopy,Prevention

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[4]. Cunningham D,AtkinW,LenzHJ,etal.Colorectal cancer.Lancet.2010;375(9719):1030-47.
[5]. Lozano R,NaghaviM,ForemanK,etal.Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.Lancet.2012;380(9859):2095-128.

Abstract: Background: Surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar is one of the commonest oral surgical procedures.It is frequently associated with sequelae such as postoperative pain, swelling and trismus, whichis known to have an impact on the quality of life of the patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single dose of pre-operative oral dexamethasone on postoperative pain, swelling and trismus in patients undergoing third molar surgery at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja........

Keywords: Third Molar Surgery; Dexamethasone; Impacted third molar.

[1]. Osunde OD, Adebola RA, OmejeUK. Management of Inflammatory complications in third molar surgery. African Health Sci. 11(3); 2011: 530 – 537.
[2]. Costich ER, While Jr RP. Fundamentals of Oral Surgery: postoperative care in Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company: 1971. pg. 176 – 179.
[3]. Messer EJ, Keller J J. The use of intramuscular dexamethasone after extraction of lower third molars. Oral surg Oral med oral Pathol40(1); 1975:594-8.
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Abstract: The maxillary first premolarsusually have tworootslocatedbuccally and palatally, but occasionallythey have an additionalrootlocateddistobuccallyrequiringspecial attention whenroot canal treatmentisbeingconsidered . The additionalrootisregarded as a normal racial and morphological variation ratherthan as an abnormality. A correct clinical and radiographicdiagnosisbased on knowledge of root canal anatomy and criticalinterpretation of radiographsisnecessary for a safer and successfulendodontictreatment of theseteeth........

Keywords: Maxillary first premolar, anatomic variation, root canal treatment.

[1] Rodig T, Hulsmann M. Diagnosis and root canal treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals. IntEndod J 2003;36:912-9.
[2] Sikri VK, Sikri P. Mandibular premolars: aberrations in pulp space morphology. Indian J Dent Res 1994;5:9-14.
[3] Cohen S, Burns RC. Pathways of the Pulp. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002. pp. 173–228.
[4] Vertucci FJ. Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures. Endod Topics 2005;10:3–29.
[5] Carns EJ, Skidmore AE. Configuration and deviations of root canals of maxillary first premolars. Oral Surg 1973;36: 880-886.

Abstract: Aim: To measure Anterior chamber depth of patients with Pseudo exfoliation syndrome and to look for outcome of Small incision cataract surgery. Methods: This prospective study carried out at JSS Hospital, Mysore consisted of 100 consecutive patients with Pseudo exfoliation who presented to the outpatient department, between January 2015 to December 2015 and those who underwent Small incision cataract surgery.........

Keywords: Pseudo exfoliation, Anterior chamber depth, Zonular dialysis

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[5]. P. Kozobolis, M. Papatzanaki. Epidemiology of pseudoexfoliation in the island of Crete (Greece). Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1997 Dec; 75(6): 726-9.

Abstract: Delayed herniation of the abdominal contents through a congenital diaphragmatic hernia may occur beyond the neonatal period. This report describes a 20yr old-old female who presented withpain after intake of food and vomiting after meals since 4 months. Her USG abdomen, she was found to have hyper distended and thick fluid filled stomach in left upper quadrant of abdomen. She underwent surgical reduction of the hernia. She made an excellent recovery and was discharged a few days after the operation. This report aims to increase the awareness of this condition among physicians and surgeons to have a high degree of suspicion for diagnosis
and management. s

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