iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2017

Abstract: Background: Systemic sclerosis is a chronic connective tissue disease of unknown aetiology that causes widespread microvascular damage and excessive deposition of collagen in the skin and internal organs. There is variability among patients in terms of involvement of skin and internal organs. The heart is involved in 40-70% of cases. The male to female ratio is 1:3 and the incidence increases with age and peaks at 3rd to 5th decade. We report a case of systemic sclerosis complicated by pulmonary hypertension............

Keywords: Systemic sclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung fibrosis.

[1]. Hinchcliff M, VargaJ.Systemic sclerosis/scleroderma: a treatable multisystem disease. AmFam Physician 2008; 78: 961-968.
[2]. Ferri C, Emdin M, Giuggioli D, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in systemic sclerosis: time and frequency domain 24 hour heart rate variability analysis. Br J Rheum 1997; 36: 669-676.
[3]. Follansbee WP, Miller TR, Curtiss EI et al. A controlled clinicopathologic study of myocardial fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). J Rheumatol 1990; 656-662.
[4]. Hachulla E, Gressin V, Guillevin L, et al. early detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52: 3792-3800.
[5]. Lawrence RC, Helmick CG, Arurett FC, et al. estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and selected musculoskeletal disorders in the United States. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 778-799.

Abstract: Fresh and well preserved specimens are a must in anatomy teaching. Plastination has emerged as a ray of hope for near ideal preservation of biological specimens. The study was conducted using fresh specimen of trachea and lungs of sheep obtained from the slaughter house to study the tracheobronchial tree using luminal plastination. On examination the plastinated specimen of sheep tracheobronchial tree shows trachea with its cartilaginous markings, division of trachea into principle bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi upto the alveoli.Theplastinated specimen was near ideal and are excellent for teaching gross anatomy, neuroanatomy and radiology. Hence,these specimens can be used as a better teaching aid in schools, colleges and research institutes.

Keywords: Plastination, Luminal cast, Tracheobronchial tree

[1]. KCN, Priya K, Lama S And Magar A. Plastination An Unrevealed Art In The Medical Science. KMC Student KUMJ. 2007; 5: 139- 141.
[2]. Pashaei S. A Brief Review On The History, Methods And Applications Of Plastination. Int. J. Morphol. 2010; 28(4); 1075-1079.
[3]. Shamasundar N. M. Low Cost Plastination Technique For Developing Countries. Journal Of International Society Of Plastination.
1996;11: 8-13.
[4]. Shamasundar N. M. Launch Your Own Plastination Lab. The Indigenous Way. Journal Of Anatomical Society Of India. 1996; 127:
156.
[5]. Dawson T.P, James R.S, Williams G.T. How Do We Teach Pathology? Silicone Plastinated Pathology Specimens And Their
Teaching Potential. JounalOf Pathology. 1990; 162: 265-272.

Abstract: Thalassemia syndromes are considered to be the most common genetic disorders worldwide. Hence, prenatal diagnosis using genotyping techniques are designed for the early diagnosis and management. The costs of these prenatal diagnostic techniques as well as confirmatory tests for these thalassemic syndromes are expensive to be made available in poor resourced countries. Hence, screening tests were developed for field diagnosis of these disorders. Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test (NESTROFT) was designed as a simple screening test for the detection of thalassemic syndromes. In this study, we compared two groups which showed positivity for NESTROFT with the negative test group for all the haematological parameters available by an automated hematology analyzer so as to decide the samples to be tested for NESTROFT in a routine Clinical Pathology Laboratory...........

Keywords: Osmotic fragility, Beta Thalassemia trait, Genotyping

[1]. Dacie, J. V and S. M Lewis. Practical Haematology, 4. Ed. 1st ed. London: J. & A. Churchill, 1968.
[2]. Bhobate SK, Gaikwad ST, Bhaledrao T. NESTROFT as a screening test for Beta-Thalassemia trait. Indian J Pathol Microbiol; July
2002:45(3); 265-26
[3]. Sanjay Piplani1, Rahul Manan2, Monika Lalit3, Mridu Manjari4, TajinderBhasin5, Jasmine Bawa. NESTROFT - A Valuable, Cost
Effective Screening Test for Beta Thalassemia Trait in North Indian Punjabi Population. J Clin Diag Res. Dec 2013; 71(12): 2784-
2787
[4]. Breveglieri G, Travan A, D‟Aversa E, Cosenza L, Pellegatti P, Guerra G et al. Postnatal and non-invasive prenatal detection of β-
thalassemia mutations based on Taqman genotyping assays. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(2):e0172756.
[5]. Mamtani M, Das K, Jawahirani A, Rughwani V, Kulkarni H. Is NESTROFT sufficient for mass screening for β-thalassaemia trait?.
Journal of Medical Screening. 2007;14(4):169-173.

Abstract: It can result from multiple causes but most commonly attributed to infective agents that can injure the myocardium through direct invasion, production of cardiotoxic substances, or chronic inflammation with or without persistent infection. Myocarditis may present with a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild dyspnea or chest pain that resolves without specific therapy to cardiogenic shock and death. Dilated cardiomyopathy with chronic heart failure is the major long-term sequela of myocarditis. Most often, myocarditis results from common viral infections; less commonly, specific forms of myocarditis may result from other pathogens, toxic or hypersensitivity drug reactions.

[1]. Aretz HT, Billingham ME, Edwards WD, et al. Myocarditis: a histopathologic definition and classification. Am J
CardiovascPathol 1987;1:3-14
[2]. Chow LH, Radio SJ, Sears TD, McManus BM. Insensitivity of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of
myocarditis. J Am CollCardiol 1989;14:915-920
[3]. Baughman KL. Diagnosis of myocarditis: death of Dallas criteria. Circulation 2006;113:593-595
[4]. Herskowitz A, Ahmed-Ansari A, Neumann DA, et al. Induction of major histocompatibility complex antigens within the
myocardium of patients with active myocarditis: a nonhistologic marker of myocarditis. J Am CollCardiol 1990;15:624-632
[5]. Maisch B, Portig I, Ristic A, Hufnagel G, Pankuweit S. Definition of inflammatory cardiomyopathy (myocarditis): on the way to
consensus: a status report. Herz 2000;25:200-209

Abstract: Observation: This study was done to know the incidence of Sickle Cell Disease in the tribal population of Katihar district of Bihar. Method: Tribal patients coming in the OPD of pediatrics department of Katihar Medical College, Katihar for different complains were screened through proper history, clinical examination and blood investigations including electrophoresis and sickling test . And incidence of sickle cell disease was calculated. Observation: About 10 % of the patients were found to be having different haemoglobinopathy and in which 6% were having sickle cell disease..........

Keywords: SCD- sickle cell disease, SCA- sickle cell anemia; SCT- sickle cell trait.

[1]. Reed D C , Wllam T M, Glawin MT- Sickle cell disese. Lancet 2010;376:2018.31
[2]. Singh KS, Calcutta- Anthropological survey of India; 1992. People of India.
[3]. Kaur M, Das GP, Verma IC. Sickle cell trait and disese among tribal community in orrisa, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala. India J Med
Res- 1997;55:104-9
[4]. Kle SL, Lingojwar DP- Epedimiology of sickle cell disorder in state of Maharastra. Iia J Hum Gincet 2002; 3:161.
[5]. Collin, F.S.; Weissman S.M. : The molelicular genetics of human haemoglobin Prog. 31;315 1985

Abstract: Objectives: Some earlier studies has highlighted the analgesic potentiating effects of intrathecal fentanyl hydrochloride while some recent studies have focused on the effects of decreasing post operative nausea and vomiting . Hence, the current study was planned on comparing the effects of intrathecal fentanyl and intravenous ondansetron in reducing the perioperative nausea and vomiting.
Materials and methods: In this randomized prospective study, 140 patients (ASA I&II, aged 18-35 years ) undergoing elective caesarean section were divided into two equal groups (n=70) to receive either intrathecal 20 microgram (0.4ml) with 2.2 ml bupivacaine 0.5% heavy plus 2 ml normal saline intravenously (Group F) or 0.4 ml of normal saline with equal amount of bupivacaine 0.5 % heavy plus 4 mg (2 ml) of ondansetron intravenously (Group O) to compare their effects on perioperative nausea and vomiting...........

Keyword:- Intravenous ondansetron, intrathecal fentanyl, PONV, caesarean delivery, spinal anaesthesia.

[1]. Kovac AL. Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Drugs 2000; 59: 213-43.
[2]. Watcha MF, White PF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting; its etiology, treatment and prevention. Anaest 1992; 77:162-84
[3]. Eisenach JC, Dewan DM. Metoclopramide exaggerates stress induce tachycardia in pregnancy. Anaest Analg 1996; 83:982-6.
[4]. Pan PH, Moore CH. Intra-operative antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic Ondansetron and Droperidol for caesarean section patient under epidural anaesthesia. Anaest Analg 1996; 83:982-6.
[5]. Fujii Y, Tanaka H, Toyooka H. Granisetron prevent nausea and vomiting during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiology Scand 1998; 42:312-5.

Abstract: Background: Burn wound infections diagnosis and treating them appropriate antibiotics can prevent bacteremia, sepsis or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Also early detection of organisms can prevent delayed healing and also decrease the post burns contracture.Burn wound cellulitis , and invasive burn wound infection were included in the study. Methods: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococus Aureus, Klebsiella, E.Coli were the most common Microorganisms Detected. The study was conducted on fifty patients for a period of six months form June 2016 to December 2016 at Coimbatore Medical College Coimbatore........

Keywords: Burns Wound Infection,Cefaperozone , Klebsiella Pneumonia, Sulbactum

[1]. Atiyeh, B.S., Costagliola, M. Hayek, S.H., Dibo.,Dibo, S.A (2007). Effect of silver on burn wound infectio control and healing: Review of the literature. Burns 33, 139-148.
[2]. "Burn incidence and treatment in the U.S.: 2007 Fact sheet." (2005). American Burn Association. http://www.ameriburn.org/resources factsheet php (Accessed 14 apr 2009)
[3]. Church, D., Elsayed, S., Reid, O., Winston, B., Lindsay, R. (2006) Burn Wound Infections. Cliinical Microbiology Reviews, 19(20, 403-434.
[4]. Lyczak, J.b., Cannon, C.l., Pier, G.B. (2000). Establishmet of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: lessons from a versatile opportunist.Microbes and Infection 2, 1051-1060.
[5]. McVay, C.S., Velasquez, M., Fralick, J.A.(2007). Phage therapyof Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a mouse burn wound model. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51(6), 1934-1938.

Abstract: Aim:This study compares the efficacy of three different retreatment file systems and determines which retreatment file requires less time in removal of previous root filling material. Methodology- Thirty anterior teeth with single root canal were used in this study.The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of ten specimens each.They were instrumented and obturated using mono -cone technique with gutta-percha (GP) and sealer. Removal of gutta-percha was performed with the following devices and techniques: EDGEFILE XR, MTWO, and R-ENDO. For all cases, the following data were recorded: procedural errors, duration of retreatment and canal wall cleanliness which was evaluated..........

Keywords: EdgeEndoFiles, GuttaPercha, MTwoFiles, R- Endo files, Retreatment, Stereomicroscope.

[1]. Ralan Wong, Conventional Endodontic Failure And Retreatment, Dental Clinic Of North America,Modern Endodontic Practice.
[2]. Advanced Endodontics, Clinical retreatment and surgery, John S Rhodes.
[3]. Cohen‟s Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult, 10th Edition.
[4]. Stabholz A and Friedman S. Endodontic Retreatment-Case Selection and Technique. Part 2: Treatment Planning for Retreatment. J
Endod 1988;14:607-14.
[5]. 5.Hulsmann M and Stotz S. Efficacy, cleaning ability and safety of different devices for GP removal in root canal retreatment.
IntEndod J 1997;30:227-33.
[6]. 6.Lovdahl PE. Endodontic Retreatment. Dent Clin North Am 1992;36:473-90.

Abstract: The world is facing a major epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM). There are an estimated 171 million diabetic patients worldwide and this number is expected to double by the year 2030 (1). Diabetic foot ulcer is one of its most serious and complications (2). Foot ulceration is one of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in DM especially in developing countries and frequently leads to amputation of the leg and accounts for up to 20% diabetic related hospital admission (3). Diabetic foot ulcers result from a complex interaction of two major factors: neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease. Ulceration of the diabetic foot usually follows some form of extrinsic or intrinsic trauma............

[1]. Wild S, Roghi G, Green A et al. Global prevalence of diabetic estimates for the year 2000 and projection for 2030. Diabetes care 2004;27:1047-53
[2]. J J Mendes, J Neves et al. Diabetic foot infection: Current diagnosis and treatment. The journal of diabetic foot complication,2012;vol 4 Issue 2, No.1, pages 26-45.
[3]. Sharma V K, Khadka P B, Joshi A, Sharma R et al. Common pathogens isolated in diabetic foot infection in Bir Hospital, Kathmandu University Medical Journal(2006), vol 4, no.3, Issue 15, 295-301
[4]. Hefni A A H, Almetwally, R.Ibrahim, Khaled M, Ahia et al. 2013. Bacteriological study of diabetic foot infection in Egypt. J Arab Soc.Med.Res.,8:26-32
[5]. Gadepalli R, Dhawan B, Sreenivas V, Kapil A, Ammini A C and Chaudary R A. 2006. Clinico microbiological study of diabetic foot ulcer in an Indian tertiary care hospital. Diabetes care.,29(8):1727-1732

Abstract: Gingiva including the jaw bones (maxilla and mandible) is a site for multitude of neoplastic conditions. Traditionally histopathological examination of a tissue biopsy of the suspicious lesion is regarded as the gold standard in diagnosing these lesions. The study was a 6 year retrospective analysis carried out from January 2011 to December 2016 in the Department of Pathology, Agartala Govt. Medical College and Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital. Out of 63 neoplastic gingival lesions 25 (39.68%) were benign, 3 (4.76%) were premalignant and 35 (55.56%) were malignant. Benign lesions were common in 11-30 years age group, premalignant lesions in 31-50 years age and malignant lesions were commonly seen after 60 years of age. Overall mandible (56 cases) was more commonly affected than maxilla.................

Keywords: Neoplastic gingival lesions, histopathology, dentigerous cyst, squamous cell carcinoma.

[1]. Theodorou DJ, Theodorou SJ. Primary non-odontogenic tumors of the jaw bones: an overview of essential radiographic findings.
Clin Imaging 2003; 27: 59-70.
[2]. Verkhede A, Tupkari J, Mandale M, Sadar M. Odontogenic tumors: Review of 60 cases. J Clin Exp Dent. 2010; 2: 183-6.
[3]. Gupta B, Ponniah I. The pattern of odontogenic tumors in a government teaching hospital in the southern Indian sate of Tamil
Nadu. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Radiology and Endodontology 2010; 110(1): 32-9.
[4]. Carbone M, Broccoletti R, Gambino A, Carrozzo M, Tanteri C, Calogiuri PL, et al. Clinical and histological features of gingival
lesions: A 17-year retrospective analysis in a northern Italian population. Med Oral Patol Cir Bucal 2012 Jul; 17(4):e555-61.
[5]. Ariyoshi Y, Shimahara M, Omura K, Yamamoto E. Epidemiological study of malignant tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region:
survey of member institutions of the Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2002. Int J Clin Oncol. 2008; 13: 220-8.

Abstract: Restoration of anterior ridge defects with missing teeth both in height and width is critical for a dentist to restore. Restoration of lost teeth along with the bony defect restricts many modes of conventional treatments available. For obtaining functionally and aesthetically acceptable results a combination of fixed and removable prosthesis has turned out to be outstanding without the need for rehabilitation of the defect with soft tissue and hard tissue defects. This article represents a case report of maxillary anterior ridge defect of Siebert's class III and management with Andrew's Bridge.

Keywords: Anterior Defect, Andrew's Bridge, Prosthesis, Siebert's classification.

[1]. Studer S, Naef R, Scharer P. Adjustment of localized alveolar ridge defects by soft tissue transplantation improves mucogingival
esthetics: A proposal for clinical classification and evaluation of procedures. Quintessence Int. 1997;28(12):785- 805.
[2]. Shankar, et al. A fixed removable partial denture treatment for severe ridge defect – A case report. Int J Dent Case Reports.
2011;1(2): 112-18.
[3]. Stein RS. Pontic - residual ridge relationship: A Research Report. J Prosthet Dent 1966;16(2):251-85.
[4]. Henderson, D., and Steffel, V. L.: McCracken's Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, 1977, The C. V. Mosby Co., P 1.
[5]. Mueninghoff KA, Johnson MH. Fixed-removable partial denture. J Prosthet Dent 1982;48:547-50.

Abstract: Objective: To find out the frequency of involvement of bone marrow by non – haematological disorders in our institution and to evaluate the role of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in diagnosing these disorders. Materials & Methods: It was a retrospective study that extended from January 2013 to December 2016. A total of 339 bone marrow aspirates and trephine biopsies were performed during this period. Only the non - haematological disorders were studied and their clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded . Peripheral blood picture was studied. Bone marrow aspiration smears & biopsies were evaluated..................

Keywords: Bone marrow examination , non hematological disorders , metastatic tumors.

[1]. Bain BJ. Bone marrow trephine biopsy. J Clin Pathol 2001; 54: 737-42.
[2]. John R. Krause. Metastatic tumours in Bone marrow biopsy. 1981. p 188-95.
[3]. Kumar PV, Monabati A, Kadivar R, Solemanfour H. Peripheral blood and marrow findings in disseminated bacilli calmette-Guerin
infection. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2005; 27: 97-9.
[4]. Mohanty SK, Dash S. Bone marrow metastasis in solid tumors. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2003 Oct;46(4): 613-16.
[5]. Syed NN, Moiz BB, Adil SN, Khurshid M. Diagnostic importance of bone marrow examination in non-hematological disorders. J
Pak Med Assoc 2007;57:123-25.
[6]. Tsuda H. Haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) in children and adults. Int J Hematol 1997; 65:215-26.

Abstract: Prune Belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare congenital anomaly and is almost exclusive to males. We are reporting 2 cases of PBS. The first case of 8 days old baby born to a mother (29 years) who has history of such child previously but unfortunately that baby didn't survive and died at 1.5 years of age. On physical examination child had wrinkled skin over abdomen showing signs of deficient abdominal wall, undescended bilateral testis and palpable kidney. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen revealed bilateral gross hydrouerteronephrosis and patent urachus..................

Keywords: Bilateral undescended testis, hydronephrosis, Prune Belly syndrome, patent urachus.

[1]. Quaia E. Radiological Imaging of the Kidney. Springer Verlag. (2010).
[2]. Tagore KR, Ramineni AK, Vijaya Lakshmi AR, Bhavani N. Prune Belly syndrome. Case Rep Pediatr. 2011:1–3.
[3]. Berrocal T, López-pereira P, Arjonilla A et-al. Anomalies of the distal ureter, bladder, and urethra in children: embryologic,
radiologic, and pathologic features. Radiographics. 22 (5): 1139-64.
[4]. Haeri S, Devers PL, Kaiser-Rogers KA, Moylan VJ, Jr, Torchia BS, Horton AL, et al. Deletion of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta
in an infant with Prune Belly syndrome. Am J Perinatol. 2010;27:559–63.
[5]. Moore KL. Clinically Oriented Embryology. Philadelphia, USA: W. B. Saunders Company; 1988. The Developing Human.

Abstract: To find out the various life style associated risk factors for overweight and obesity among adolescents between 15 – 18 years in karaikal region. Methods: A Cross sectional study was carried out in the age group of 15 – 18 years of adolescents in karaikal region. A predesigned pretested questionnaire was administered to the participants and filled under trained supervisors. Anthropometric measurements including Height, Weight and Body mass index (BMI) were measured and analysis carried out using a SPSS software version 16..................

Keywords: Adolescent, Overweight, Obesity, Height, Weight, Body mass index, life style factors

[1]. International Association for the study of obesity. Obesity the global epidemic. Available from
:http://www.laso.org/iotf/obesity/obesity the global epidemic/. accessed june15,2013.
[2]. Bharadwaj S, Misra A, Khurana L, Gulati S, Shah Pet al . Childhood obesity in Asian Indians:A burgeoning cause of Insulin
resistance , Diabetes and Sub - clinical inflammation. Asia Pac J clinNutr. 2008; 17 suppl 1:172-5.
[3]. Royakelishadi ; Childhood Overweight, Obesity and the Metabolic syndrome in Developing Countries. Epidemiol Rev
2007;29(1):62-76. Doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm003.
[4]. Amudhapoobalan, Lorna Aucott. Obesity among Young adults in Developing countries: A systematic Overview. CurrObes Rep.
2016;5:2-13.
[5]. Goel K, Misra A, Vikram NK, Poddar P, Gupta N et al. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue is associated with metabolic
syndrome in Asian Indians independent of intra abdominal and tota body fat.Heart.2010 Apr;96(8):579-83.

Abstract: Introduction: Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans) have the ability to survive in an acid environment by modulating sugar metabolic pathways coupled with irreversible binding to teeth which is a key component to its pathogenesis in dental caries. Usage of traditional plants and natural products for the treatment of infections rather than synthetically derived drugs are on a steep rise. The plant of interest in the present study is Abelmoschus esculentus (okra). Objectives : To access the antibacterial effect of extracts of various parts of the okra vegetable on S. mutans. Materials and Methods: Strains of S..................

Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus, okra, anticariogenic agent ,antibacterial effect, Streptococcus mutans.

[1]. Hamada, Shigeyuki, and Hutton D. Slade. "Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans." Microbiological reviews 44, no. 2 (1980): 331.

[2]. Thakur, Rachna, Mousumi G. Singh, Seema Chaudhary, and Naveen Manuja. "Effect of mode of delivery and feeding practices on acquisition of oral Streptococcus mutans in infants." International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry22, no. 3 (2012): 197-202.

[3]. Metwalli, Khalid H., Shariq A. Khan, Bastiaan P. Krom, and Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk. "Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and the human mouth: a sticky situation." PLoS pathogens 9, no. 10 (2013): e1003616.

[4]. Palombo, Enzo A. "Traditional medicinal plant extracts and natural products with activity against oral bacteria: potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases." Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011).

[5]. Jain, Nilesh, et al. "A review on: Abelmoschus esculentus." Pharmacia 3 (2012): 84-9.

Abstract: Background：To treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic surgery which Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and Duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) are reported to induce significant improvements on hyperglycemia. In this study we compare the effects of these two surgeries and explore the possible underlying mechanism. Method：Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were established of T2DM model and randomly assigned into three groups: the RYGB group, the DJB group and the Control group. Several indexes including body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose and fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were measured during a postoperative 8-week period................

Keywords: Keywords：Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Duodenal-jejunal Bypass (DJB). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)

[1]. Yu, H., X. Zheng, and Z. Zhang, Mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass treatment for type 2 diabetes in rats. J Gastrointest Surg, 2013. 17(6): p. 1073-83.
[2]. Ding, D., et al., [Outcomes after laparoscopic surgery for 219 patients with obesity]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi, 2011. 14(2): p. 128-31.
[3]. Klein, S., et al., Moderate effect of duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery on glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2012. 20(6): p. 1266-72.
[4]. Dailey, M.J., A.A. Moghadam, and T.H. Moran, Jejunal linoleic acid infusions require GLP-1 receptor signaling to inhibit food intake: implications for the effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2011. 301(6): p. E1184-90.
[5]. Mathes, C.M., et al., Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in rats increases sucrose taste-related motivated behavior independent of pharmacological GLP-1-receptor modulation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2012. 302(6): p. R751-67.

Abstract: The study was aimed to assess the micro flora of sclero-corneal wounds at the end of cataract surgery before application of intra-cameral antibiotic and determine the biofilm forming ability and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates obtained. Thisprospective clinical study included 50 patients undergoing manual small incision cataract surgery without any complications, over a period of 6 months. In sterile environment, taking aseptic precautions wipe samples were taken from the surface of bulbar conjunctiva, corneal and scleral corneal incision following uneventful surgery.................

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, biofilm,cataract,endophthalmitis

[1]. Zagaria M. Postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. US Pharm, 41(4), 2016, 8-11.

[2]. Taban M, Behrens A, Newcomb RL, Nobe MY, Saedi G, Sweet PM, McDonnell PJ. Acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: A systematic review of the literature. Arch. Ophthalmol, 123, 2005, 613–620.

[3]. Wykoff CC, Parrott MB, Flynn HW Jr, Shi W, Miller D, Alfonso EC. Nosocomial acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis at a university teaching hospital (2002–2009). Am. J. Ophthalmol, 150, 2010, 392–398.

[4]. West ES, Behrens A, McDonnell PJ, Tielsch JM., Schein OD. The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery among the U.S. Medicare population increased between 1994 and 2001. Ophthalmology, 112, 2005, 1388–1394.

[5]. Jambulingam M, Parameswaran SK, Lysa S, Selvaraj M, Madhavan HN. A study on the incidence, microbiological analysis and investigations on the source of infection of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis in a tertiary care ophthalmic hospital: An 8-year study. Indian J. Ophthalmol, 58, 2010, 297-302..

Abstract: Objectives: To study the clinical profile of the patients presenting with neurological disorders during pregnancy and puerperium. Methods: The study was carried out at Father Muller Medical College, Karnataka, India between July 2015 to June 2016. All Patients in pregnancy or post abortal, post partum period attending to the Father Muller Medical College between July 2015 to June 2016 and requiring neurological consultation were included in the study. Results: A total of 52 patients presented during pregnancy and puerperium with neurological disorders. Age of the patients ranged from 19 to 40 years.................

Keywords: Epilepsy, Eclampsia, Cerebro vascular disorders, pregnancy, postpartum, Guillain-Barre syndrome.

[1]. Page B.Pennel.Neurology illness and pregnancy. ed Page. B. Pennel. Neurology clinics vol 22(4) New Delhi Elsevier 2004 ix-x.
[2]. To W K, Cheung RT.Neurological disorders in pregnancy. Hongkong Med.J 1997; vol 3(4):400-408. [3]. Gupta S, Rohatgi A, Sharma S K, Gurtoo A. A study of neurological disorders during pregnancy and puerperium. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2006;9:152-7
[4]. Janaki S, Thomas L. Neurological complications in pregnancy and puerperium. Neurol India 1963;11:128-37.
[5]. Srinivasan K, Ramamurthi B. Neurological disorders in pregnancy and puerperium. J Assoc Phys India 1971;19:705-13.

Abstract: Introduction: The Fibrous Dysplasia is a benign bone disease, of slow growth and unknown etiology. The involvement of the craniofacial skeleton is not uncommon and, generally, produces facial asymmetries. Case Report: In this article we report the case of a patient with fibrous dysplasia occupying the entire left maxillary sinus with orbitary extension confirmed in the anatomopathological exam. Final Comments: The surgical treatment remains as the main therapeutic approach and the postoperative follow-up is necessary due to this condition recurrent nature.

Keywords: Fibrous Dysplasia, Maxillary growth, Maxillary fibrous dysplasia, Facial swelling, Management of maxillary fibrous dysplasia.

[1]. Antunes AA, Filho JR, Antunes AP. DisplasiaFibrosaÓssea: Estudoretrospectivo-revisão de literatura. Rev Bras Cirur Cab Pesc. 2004, 33(1):21-26.
[2]. Cruz OL, Pessoto J, Pezato R, Alvarenga EL. Osteodistrofias do osso temporal: Revisão dos conceitosatuais, manifestaçõesclínicas e opçõesterapêuticas. Rev Bras Otorrinol. 2002, 68(1):119-26.
[3]. Júnior VS, Andrade EC, Didoni ALS, Jorge JC, Filho NS, Yoshimoto FR. Displasiafibrosa de osso temporal: relato de caso e revisão de literature. Rev Bras Otorrinol. 2004, 70(6):828-31
[4]. Altuna X, Gorostiaga F, Algaba J. Displasiafibrosamonostótica de seno frontal. A propósito de um caso.ORL-DIPS. 2004, 31(2):84-87.
[5]. Botelho RA, Tornin OS, Yamashiro I, Menezes MC, Furlan S, Ridelenski M, Yamashiro R, Chagas JFS, Souza RP. Característicastomográficas da displasiafibrosa craniofacial: estudo de 14 casos. Radiol Bras. 2006, 39(4):269-272

Abstract: This study is to find out the most common aetiology of epistaxis.Relation and correlation of nasal anatomical variations with respect to epistaxis. For earlyidentification of the cause and thereby management of idiopathic cases with sphenopalatine artery ligation using Radiofrequency. Radiofrequency is simpler, easy to perform, more useful in sphenopalatine artery ligation than conventional method.

Keywords: Epistaxis,idiopathic, Internal maxillary artery (IMA). sphenopalatine artery, sphenopalatine arteryligation (SPL), Radiofrequency(RF),Radiofrequency ligation, Electrosurgery

[1]. J.C Watkinson. Epistaxis. Rhinology 6th edition 1997 p. 4/18/1-p.4/18/8.
[2]. Marcus MJ. Nasal endoscopic control of epistaxis. A preliminary evaluation otolargyngoloy and Head & Neck surgery. 102 : 273, 1990. )
[3]. Mackenzie D. Little's area or the locus Kiesselbachii. Journal of Laryngology.1914; 1:21 – 2
[4]. 16.Lund VJ, Howard DJ. A treatment algorithm for the management of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. American journal of Rhinology. 1999; 13: 319 – 22.
[5]. 27.Voegels RL and others: Endoscopic ligature of the sphenopalatine artery for severe posterior epistaxis, Otolaryngol Head neck surg 124: 464, 2001.

Abstract: Distal tibial tumor are not uncommon ,but reconstruction of distal tibial defect after resection of the whole tumor out with sound oncological margine ,is very difficult,because of ankle mortis.After resect distal tibial articular surface,its very difficult to reconstruct the ankle mortis. Distal tibialmegaprosthesis,is very costly.in our study we have done tibialisation of fibula,along with centralization of fibula and arthodesis of distal talofular joint ,futher augmentation by distal tibial locking plate applied on bridge mode.................

Keywords: Fibular is a useful armamentarium in fillingsegmental bone defect.

[1]. Bishop AT, Wood MB, Sheetz KK. Arthrodesis of the ankle with a free vascularised autogenous bone graft: reconstruction of
segmental
[2]. loss of bone secondary to osteomyelitis, tumor or trauma. J Bone Joint
[3]. Surg [Am] 1995;77-A:1867-75.
[4]. Capanna R, van Horn JR, Biagini R, et al. Reconstruction after resection of the distal fibula for bone tumor. ActaOrthopScand
[5]. 1986;57:290-4.

Abstract: Introduction:Giant cell tumor is very common around knee.As per conventional treatment we use to do extended curettage and sandwich method for recostuction,but early weight bear in those cases is not possible.As aresultstiffness,collapse of articular surface,and delayed pathological fractures are the possible complications.In this study we have done prospective study after extended curettage and sandwich with locking plate augmentation...............

Keywords: Giant cell tumor, extended curettage, Locking plate.

[1]. Turcotte RE, Wunder JS, Isler MH, Bell RS, Schachar N, Masri BA, Moreau G, Davis AM; Canadian Sarcoma Group. Giant cell
tumor of long bone: a Canadian Sarcoma Group study. Clin Orthop Relat Res.
[2]. 2002 Apr; (397): 248-58.
[3]. CampanacciM. Giant cell tumor. In: GaggiA(ed) Bone and soft- tissue tumors. Springer, Bologna; 1990; 117–153
[4]. Unni KK. Dahlin's bone tumors: general aspect and data on 11087 cases, 5th edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. 1998
[5]. Blackley HR, Wunder JS, Davis AM, White LM, Kandel R, Bell RS..

Abstract: Introduction: The dental syringe, since its introduction in 1921, has been very popular in operations performed under local anesthetics (LA). It can, however, be quite cumbersome to handle for people with petite hands. Therefore, the aim of this study is to introduce a technique of utilizing its sealed lignospan cartridges in a simpler way by using hypodermic syringe and needle to achieve effective local anaesthesia. Method: A 21-gauge hypodermic needle is fitted onto 2.5 mls syringe after aspiration of 1 ml of air and then, needle inserted into lignospan cartridge. The sheath of the needle is used to push the diaphragm of lignospan cartridge to transfer the solution into the syringe. Towards the end, the air from the syringe is expelled back into the cartridge, which in turn helps to empty the remaining content into the syringe on repeating the previous motion.................

Keywords: Local anaesthesia; anaesthesia; syringe; surgery; lidocaine Word Count 615

[1]. Bahl R. Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry. Anaesthesia Progress 2003;51:138-142.
[2]. Wilson I, McCormick B. WFSA's Update in Anaesthesia 2006;21.
[3]. Calatayud J, Gonzalez A. History of the Development and Evolution of Local Anaesthesia since the Coca Leaf. Anesthesiology 2003;98:1503-1508.
[4]. Zakrzewska JM, Boon EC. Use of safety dental syringes in British and Irish dental schools. British Dental Journal 2003;195:207-209.
[5]. Wiener RC, Crout RD, Sandell J et al. Local Anesthetic Syringe Ergonomics and Student Preferences. Journal of Dental Education 2009;73(4)..