iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2017

Abstract: Aim: To analyse risk factors associated with delayed dislocation of IOLs. Methods: Hospital based prospective intervention study during 1997-2012.All cases of IOLs dislocated after 6 months were included. Investigations included B scan and MRI was done in cases with h/o trauma. Multivariate analysis to detect risk factors was done Results: Total 25 cases of delayed dislocation out of 12000 pseudophakic. Mean age: 63.2 years, with M: F-5:1. Mean interval: 6.5 years.12 Iris claw lenses dislocated in AC, easily fixated with good visual outcome,3 cases of PCIOL with IOFB detected on MRI,5 cases of trauma with perfect capsulorrhexis, 2 cases of pseudo exfoliation ,2 cases had longer axial length(>26mm).All cases had significant visual loss. Multivariate analysis confirmed occult IOFB, trauma, iris fixation, long axial length as risk factors. Conclusion: Undetected IOFB, iris atrophy and larger eyeball may predispose to delayed dislocation of IOL

[1]. S L Pueringer, D O Hodge, J C Erie. Risk of Late Intraocular Lens Dislocation after Cataract Surgery, 1980–2009: A Population-Based Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2011;152:618–623
[2]. Shingleton BJ, Yang Y, O'Donoghue MW. Management and outcomes of intraocular lens dislocation in patients with pseudo exfoliation. J Cataract Refract Surg 2013; 39: 984–93.
[3]. Hayashi K, Hirata A, Hayashi H. Possible predisposing factors for in-the-bag and out-of-the bag intraocular lens dislocation and outcomes of intraocular lens exchange surgery. Ophthalmology 2007; 114:969-75.
[4]. Monestram EI. Incidence of dislocation of intraocular lenses and pseudophakodonesis 10 years after cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 2009; 116:2315-320.

Abstract: Background: Teenage pregnancy (TP) is an important social and public health burden. WHO defines TP as pregnancy in an adolescent, aged between 10 and 19 years. About 16 million women, 15–19 years old give birth each year amounting to 11% of all births worldwide. In developed countries majority of teenage pregnancies occur to unmarried girls unlike developing countries. In India, teenage pregnancies are observed at a higher rate due to early marriage. Aims & objectives: Study the incidence of Teenage Pregnancies (TP) in our institute, quantify the Incidence of maternal medical and obstetric complications in TP, enumerate the fetal complications in TP Methods & Materials: A retrospective observational study from the deliveries conducted in our institute between Sep'2015 and Nov'2016 were analyzed and evaluated.............

Keywords: Teenage pregnancy, Maternal and fetal outcomes

[1]. World Health Organization, United Nations population fund: Married adolescents: no place of safety. Geneva: WHO-UNFPA; 2006.
[2]. Teenage pregnancy – its impact on maternal and fetal outcome international journal of scientific study | March 2014 | Vol 1 | Issue 6
[3]. Maternal and fetal outcome in Teenage pregnancy SHAGUFTA TABASSUM. SHUMAILA TABASSUM P J M H S Vol. 8, NO. 3, JUL – SEP 2014
[4]. Mayor S. Pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of death in teenage girls in developing countries BMJ. 2004;328:1152.
[5]. Adolescent pregnancy- Issues in adolescent health and development, WHO discussion papers on adolescence. WHO, 2004 Pg 86.

Abstract: Background: Neonatal septicemia is defined as a bacterial infection documemted by positive blood culture in first four weeks of life. The early sepsis screen is vital as it detect earlier & enable the clinician to treat the infection timely & adequately, which in turn help to reduce the neonatal morbidity & mortality. AIMS & Objective: To study changes in hematological parameter in neonatal septicemia. To compare the positive predictive valve of hematological test with respective to clinical respond. Material & Methods: The Study Was Conducted In Kakatiya Medical College/Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Warangal, Telangana. During the period of two year, from jan-2014 to dec 2016.ninety four neonates below the age 28days with suspected septicemia were included in the study..............

[1]. Nelson text book of peadiatrics.17th edition.Philedelphia; saunders:2004p 630-639.
[2]. George H Mccracken.Bishara J Freij. Sepsis neonatarum.In:Gordon B avery, editor. Neonatalogy.3rd edition.Philadelphia:Lipincott;1987 p.922-927.
[3]. Vesikari T, Janas M , Gronroos P, Tuppurainen N, Renlund M, Kero P,Osterlund K, Neonatal septicemia. Archievesof diseases in childhood1985;60:542-546.
[4]. Lokeshwar MR, Bharat Rao, Raksha Dalal,Niranjan V, Nitin Shah,Dinesh Chirla, Mamta Manglani, Immuno-hematology of neonatal sepsis. Recent advances in the management of hematological disorders of childhood.national workshop 1988; 96-110
[5]. Buetow KC. Septicemiain premature infant. American J of disease 1965;110-29.6

Abstract: Background: Surgical repair of inguinal hernia is one of the most commonly performed operations in general surgery worldwide. Hernia repair is commonly done under general or spinal anaesthesia but the advent of day care surgery has prompted renewned interest in the use of local anaesthesia for open hernia surgeries. Objectives: to compare the outcome of hernia repair done under spinal and local anaesthesia in relation to intra operative and post operative events. Materials and methods: We carried out a prospective study of 60 patients who were admitted with inguinal hernia. Patients were randomized into two groups of 30 each -the study group, group A (where local anesthesia was used) and the controll group, group B (where spinal anaesthesia was used ) by lottery method.............

Keywords: Local anaesthesia, spinal anaesthesia, inguinal hernia repair, Lichtenstein mesh hernioplasty.

[1]. Micheal J. Zinner, Stanley W. Ashley; Maingot's abdominal operations, 11 th edition, p103
[2]. Chow A, Purkayastha S, Athanasiou T, Tekhia P, Darzi A. Inguinal hernia. BMJ Clin Frid 2007; 4:1-20
[3]. Abdu RA. Abbulatory herniorapphy under local anesthesia in a community hospital. AMJ SURG. 1983; 145(3):353-6
[4]. Bay Nielsen M, Kehlet H, Strand L, et al: quality assessment of 26,304 herniorrapphies in Denmark: a nationwide prospective study. Lancet.2001 Oct6;358(9288):1124-8
[5]. Pradeep Goyal et al, comparision of inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia and spinal anesthesia. IOSR Journal of dental and Medical Sciences(IOSR-JDMS)e-ISSN:2279-0853,p-ISSN:2279-0861. Volume 13, Issue1Ver.VI. (Jan.2014),PP54-59

Abstract: Introduction: Brachial plexus block is a reliable regional anaesthetic technique and a suitable alternative to general anaesthesia for upper limb surgery. We used dexamethasone 8 mg along with 0.5% ropivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Aims: We aimed at assessing the effect of dexamethasone as an adjuvant with ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Methods and materials: Sixty ASA grade I and II patients, 18-60 years old, scheduled for upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block, were included in this prospective study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups.............

Keywords: Dexamethasone, Ropivacaine, supraclavicular brachial plexus block

[1]. Wildsmith JAW, Armitage EN, McClure JH. Principles and Practice of Regional Anaesthesia. Churchill Livingstone 2003; 3: 193-
204.
[2]. Fisher L, Gordon M, Wolfie SW, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC. Anesthesia for hand surgery.Green's Operative Hand Surgery.
Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingston 2011; 6: 25-40.
[3]. Raminder l, Anjam T, Baljit S. Brachial Plexus Block. Revisited.Yearbook of Anesthesiology 2015; 4(1): 67-70.
[4]. Feroz Ahmad Dar, Neelofar Jan. Effect of Addition of Dexamethasone to ropivacaine in Supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
IOSR 2013; 10 (4): 01-05.
[5]. Choi S, Rodseth R, McCartney CJ. Effects of dexamethasone as a local anaesthetic adjuvant for brachial plexus block: a systematic
review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Br J Anaesth 2014; 112:427–39.

Abstract: Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most common obstetric procedures worldwide and an increased rate of caesarean section has been observed in recent studies. Maternal mortality and morbidities associated with repeat caesarean section is an important health problem worldwide.The present study aims at knowing the various intraoperative complications encountered during repeat caesarean sections with respect to those undergoing primary CS. Materials & Methods: A total of 200 patients who underwent delivery by CS at a tertiary care centre were included in the study..............

Keywords: Intra-op Complications, Primary Caesarean Section, Repeat Caesarean Section

[1]. Sheethal Joseph, Dr.SareenaGilvaz. A Comparative Study on Intra Operative Problems during Primary versus Repeat Caesarean Sections. Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2016; 4(2A):303-310.
[2]. FkharunissaWaheed, QamarunissaMuhabat, Raheela Baloch, Waqarunissa Ahmed. Maternal complications in repeated caesarean section. Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science 6:2 March - April (2016) 49 – 52.
[3]. Sancheeta Ghosh, KS James; Levels and Trends in Caesarean Births: Cause for Concern? , Economic& Political Weekly EPW, 2010; 5.
[4]. Nisenblat V, Barak S, Griness OB, Degani S, Ohel G, Gonen R; Maternal complications associated with multiple cesarian deliveries. Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 108(1):21-6.
[5]. Myers SA, Bennett TL; Incidence of significant adhesions at repeat caesarean section and the relationship to method of prior peritoneal closure. JReprod Med. 2005; 50(9):659-62.

Abstract: Aim: To establish the causes of acute abdomen in HIV infected patients, the treatment modalities and outcome of surgical intervention in these patients Materials And Methods: This is a prospective study on HIV infected patients presenting with acute abdomen to the emergency dept of Gandhi Hospital over a period of 3 years from May 2011 to April 2014. Results: In our study 114/136 (83.8%) male patients and 22/136 (16.2%) female patients are included. No. of patients operated 85( 62.5% ) and conservatively treated 51 ( 37.5% ) Appendicitis (including perforation) is the most common cause of acute abdomen in HIV positive patients constituting 23.5% of total cases................

[1]. Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schanker HM, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency. N Engl J Med 1981;305:1425–31.
[2]. Potter DA, Danforth DN Jr, Macher AM, et al. Evaluation of abdominal pain in the AIDS patient. Ann Surg 1984;199:332–9.
[3]. Wilson SE, et al. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Indications for abdominal surgery, pathology, and outcome. Ann Surg 1989;210:428 –33.
[4]. Robinson G, Wilson SE, Williams RA. Surgery in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Surg 1987;122:170 –5.
[5]. Nugent P, O'Connell TX. The surgeon's role in treating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Surg 1986;121:1117–20.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Although fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is considered to be the reference method for evaluating thyroid nodules, the results are often inaccurate in approximately 10-30% of cases. In many cases the preoperative clinical evaluation (CE), FNAC and ultrasound (US) evaluation fail to diagnose a case of thyroid cancer and may require a second surgery for completion Thyroidectomy. This review aims to compare the clinical, ultrasound, and fine needle aspiration methods that can be used for thyroid nodule management..............

Keywords: Ultrasonogram, Thyroid carcinoma, FNAC.

[1]. Sabiston textbook of surgery,19th edition,Elsevier publications, ch38, page 906
[2]. Frates MC, Benson CB, Charboneau JW, et al: Management of thyroid nodules detected at US: Society of Radiologists in
Ultrasound consensus conference statement. Radiology 237:794–800,2005
[3]. Sabel MS, Staren ED, Gianakakis LM, et al: User of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and frozen section in the management of the
solitary thyroid nodule. Surgery 122:1021–1026, 1997
[4]. Berker D, Isik S, Ozuguz U, Tutuncu YA, Kucukler K, Akbaba G et al. Prevalence of incidental thyroid cancer and its
ultrasonographic features in subcentimeter thyroid nodules of patients with hyperthyroidism. Endocrine. 2011 Feb;39(1):13-20.
[5]. Pezzolla A, Lattarulo S, Milella M, Barile G, Pascazio B, Ciampolillo A, et al. Incidental carcinoma in thyroid pathology: our
experience and review of the literature. Ann Ital Chir. 2010 May-Jun;81(3):165-9, Italian.

Abstract: Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients .Early diagnosis of sepsis followed by appropriate treatment decreases mortality and morbidity.The aim of this study is to assess the role of procalcitonin as a marker in the early diagnosis of sepsis. Methods: A total of 50 patients with sepsis admitted to AMCU of seven hills hospital ,Visakhapatnam from 1- 11-2015 to 1-11 -2016 were included in the study.Another 50 healthy persons with no clinical or biological data of infection ,age and sex matched were included as a control group.Subjects were subjected to a thorough history taking and routine laboratory investigations..............

Keywords: Procalcitonin,Sepsis.

[1]. Robert S.Munford.Severe sepsis and septic shock.pg 2223,chap 271.Harrisons principles of internal medicine .18th edition.vol-
Longo,fauci et al.2012.United states of America.
[2]. Mark A.Simmons.Autocoids and related drugs.pg 342,chapter 32.pharmacology an illustrated review.2012.Thieme medical and
scientific publishers.India.
[3]. Schneider HG,Lam QT,procalcitonin for clinical laboratory:A review.Pathology.2007;39:383-390.
[4]. Assicot M,Gendrel D,Garsin H.et al.High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and
infection.Lancet.1993:341:515-518.
[5]. Giamarellos-Bouboulis EJ, Mega A,Grecka P et al.Procalcitonin:A marker to clearly differenciate systemic inflammatory response
syndrome and sepsis in the critically ill patient?Intensive Care Med 2002;28:1351-6.

Abstract: Aim: To present the results obtained from several different studies of the muscle activity of masticatory and perioral muscles in subjects with class II, as well as the effects of myofunctional appliances on the muscle activity during the treatment of Class II, harmful oral habits and soft tissue dysfunctions. Materials and Methods: This review included 10 studies searched online in the PubMed database, which applied functional methods for masticatory evaluation. The search was carried out under the key words "mastication" "masticatory efficiency", "Class II," "myofunctional therapy", "electromyography", "masticatory muscles.".............

Keywords: Class II, mastication, masticatory efficiency, myofunctional appliances

[1]. Jeryl D. English, P.H. Buschang, G.S. Throckmorton, Does malocclusion affect masticatory performance?,Angle Orthodontist,
72(1), 2002
[2]. Periera, Magalhaes, Marques, Gameiro, The influence of malocclusion on masticatory performance, Angle Orthodontist, 80, 2010
[3]. Johan G.A. Ahlgren, Bengt F. Ingervall, Birgit L. Thilander, Muscle activity in normal and postnormal occlusion,American Journal
of Orthodontics, 64(5),1973, 445-456
[4]. Pancherz H.Activity of the temporal and masseter muscles in class II, division 1 malocclusions.An electromyographic
investigation.American Journal of Orthodontics, 77 (6),1980, 679-688
[5]. Antonini G, Colantonio L, Macretti N, Lenzi GL. Electromyographic findings in Class II division 2 and Class III
malocclusions.ElectromyogrClinNeurophysiol. 30(1): 1990,27-30.

Abstract: Melanin pigmentation often occurs in the gingiva as a result of excess deposition of melanin, due to which the gingiva appears black. Though, it is not pathological, many people complain of dark gums as unaesthetic. Gingiva is the most frequently pigmented intraoral tissue, with more pigmentation concentrated in the incisor region which may interfere with the smile line and patient may feel conscious about the appearance. In such patients, aesthetic periodontal plastic surgery can give excellent results. In this context we have attempted a case series of depigmentation in the anterior region.............

Keywords: Diode laser, melanin depigmentation, scalpel technique

[1]. Seda Ozturan, Aslihan Usumez. Case Report Aesthetic Treatment Of Gingival Hyperpigmentation by Er:YAG Laser. Journal of the Laser and Health Academy Vol. 2013, No.1.
[2]. Rahul Kathariya, A. R. Pradeep. Split mouth de-epithelization techniques for gingival depigmentation: A case series and review of
literature. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology - Vol 15, Issue 2, Apr-Jun 2011.
[3]. Bhanu Murthy M, Jasjit Kaur, Rupali Das. Treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation with rotary abrasive, scalpel, and laser
techniques: A case series. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology - Vol 16, Issue 4, Oct-Dec 2012.
[4]. Takashi H, Tanaka K, Ojima M, Yuuki K. Association of melanin pigmentation in the gingiva of children with parents who smoke.
Pediatrics 2005;116:e186-90.
[5]. Amit Bhardwaj, Harpreet Singh Grover, Sanjay Lal. Gingival Depigmentation with Scalpel and Diode Laser. World Journal of
Dentistry, October-December, 2012;3(4):359-362.

Abstract: Background; Hyperpigmentary skin disorders affecting the exposed part of the body, particularly face, produce a severe cosmetic defect, becomes a source of considerable mental stress. In spite of tremendous advances in the field of basic concepts of melanin pigmentation, a regularly effective, predictable and safe treatment for hyperpigmentary skin disorders is yet to be developed. It is decided to find out the effect of Q-switched Nd : YAG laser in the treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders. Aims And Objectives Of The Study: To assess the effect of Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser in hyperpigmentary disorders, to observe the side effects of Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser during and after treatment.............

Keywords: Q switched Nd YAG laser, Tattoo removal, freckles, melasma, Nevus of Ota

[1]. Dr. L.Y. Chong & Dr. H.H.L. Chan cutaneous laser therapy In: Pedro Sa' Cabrel, Louis Leite, Jose pinto, editors Handbook of Dermatology & Venereology (Social Hygiene Handbook), 2nd edn. 2008; Chapter 21 (Downloaded online)
[2]. (Lipper GM, Anderson RR. Lasers in dermatology. In : Freedberg IM, Eiser AZ, Wolff, Austen KF, Katz SI, editors. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine, 6th edn. Newyork. Mc Graw-Hill; p.2493 - 2514.
[3]. Acland KM, Barlow RJ. Lasers for the dermatologist Br.J.Dermatol. 2000; 143; 244-255
[4]. McGillis ST, Richards SW, et al., Lasers in dermatology In : Moschella SL, Hurley HJ, editors Dermatology. 3rd edn. Philadelphia : WB Saunders 1992 p.2438 - 2452
[5]. Spicer MS, Goldberg D. Lasers in dermatology, J. Dermatol 1990; 17;587 - 594.

Abstract: Background: Depression is recognized as a serious public health concern in developing countries. It is the most common psychiatric disorder among the elder person. There is a relationship between coping and depression. Individuals in poorer mental health and under greater stress tended to employ less adaptive coping strategies and that these coping efforts affected the level of mental health. Objective: To find out the prevalence of depression with coping strategies among medically ill elderly patients............

Keywords: Coping, Depression, Elder patient.

[1]. United Nations Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2016) World Population Ageing 2016, United Nations NY 2016.
[2]. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. Elderly in India 2016 Government of India, New Delhi.
[3]. Sharma S. Ageing: An Indian experience. Souvenir of ANCIPS 94. Madras: 1994. Pp. 101-5.

Abstract: Background And Objectives: To compare the overall efficacy, mortality and morbidity in patients managed with early versus delayed laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for acute calculus Cholecystitis. Methods: A total of 50 patients were chosen for the study. They were selected on the bases of presence of two of the following four features: (1) Abdominal pain characteristic of Acute Cholecystitis, (2) Positive Murphy's sign, (3) Total Leucocyte Count > 10,000/ uL, and (4) Ultra-sonographic evidence of Acute Calculus Cholecystitis. Patients were selected on the bases of Initial surgical management planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomy whether in immediate or interval Cholecystectomy..............

Keywords: Acute calculus cholecystitis, Early, Interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy, post-operative stay, biliary fistula.

[1]. S. Ahndt, H. Pitt, Sabiston- Textbook of Surgery, 17 edi. Cha.52, pg.1611-1612, Elsevier Saunders, 2004. [2]. Claudio Papi MD, Marco Catarci MD, Letizia D'Ambrosio MD; Timing of Cholecystectomy for Acute Calculous Cholecystitis: A Meta-Analysis; The American Journal of Gastroenterology (2003) 99, 147–155; doi:10.1046/j.1572-0241.2003. 04002.x
[3]. Siddiqui T, MacDonald A, Chong PS, Jenkins JT. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Surg. 2008;195(1):40–47. [PubMed]
[4]. Gurusamy KS, Davidson C, Gluud C, Davidson BR (2013) Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6:CD005440. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005440.pub3
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Abstract: Ayurveda has given utmost importance to puerperium (sutikawastha). During puerperium the body tissue, especially the pelvic tissue reverts back approximately to the pre pregnant state both Anatomically and physiologically. One of the most important retrogressive change is involution of uterus. If uterine involution takes place properly the uterine strength and its function is restored. If the involution is affected adversely it leads to subinvolution. Cleaning of uterus (garbhashayshodhan) has been advised during puerperium as it enhances the involution. In the present study Aloes (kumari ghan) is used for cleaning of uterus (garbhashay shodhan) in puerperium and is found to be very effective in uterine involution.

Keywords: Involution of uterus, puerperium, Aloes.

..................

Abstract: Introduction: Alcoholism aswell assubstance abuse isamajor problem globally leading to adverse effect on family life. It is asignificantcause of morbidity and mortality. CaseReport: Presented was Mr BN,a49 year old commercialdriver who wasinvolvedin an autocrash on account of drunk driving sustaining splenic and intestinal rupture. He battered hiswife and his 7 year old daughter was hospitalised on account of burns sustained from him. His mother was depressed on account of his alcoholism and irresponsible behaviour..............

Keywords: Alcoholism, irresponsible, behaviour, family

[1]. Oduola T, Adeosun OG, Oduola TA, Agbaje NR, Raheem ZA. Drinking patterns: biochemical and haematological findings in
alcohol consumers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2005;4(11):1304-1308
[2]. Okonoda KM, Audu MD, Obindo TJ, James BO. Prevalence of alcohol use disorders among medical and surgical in-patients at a
Teaching Hospital in North Central Nigeria. Jos Journal of Medicine. 2014;8(2):22-28
[3]. Chukwuonye II, Chuku A, Onyeonoro UU, Madukwe OO, Oviasu E, Ogah OS. A rural and urban cross-sectional study on alcohol
consumption among adult Nigerians in Abia state. Int J Med Biomed Res 2013;2(3):179-185
[4]. Ayinmode BA, Tunde-Ayinmode MF. Family violence among mothers seen at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin,
Nigeria. SAJP. 2008;14(3):76-82
[5]. Owoaje ET, Olaolorun FM. Women at risk of physical intimate partner violence: A cross-sectional analysis of a low-income
community in southwest Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health. 2012;16(1):43-55

Abstract: Aim: To determine the amount and type of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA),in superior and superotemparal sclera incisicion in small incision cataract surgery. Methods: A prospective randomized comparative clinical study. Study was done on a total number of 100 patients aged 40y and above with senile cataract. 50 cases were randomly assigned superior sclera group and other 50 cases were allotted to superotemporal scleral incision. SICS with PCIOL implantation were performed through unsutured 6.5mm scleral incision in all 100 patients. Patients were examined post operatively 1st day,5th day, 2nd week,4th week after surgery..............

Keywords: Astigmatism, superior incision (SI), superiotemporalincision(STI), With The Rule Astigmatism (WTR), Against The Rule Astigmatism (ATR), Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), small incision cataract surgery (SICS), Visual Acuity (VA),No Astigmatism (NA).

[1]. Miller SJ, Parson's Diseases of Eye. Edinburgh: Butterworth Hienmann International Edition. 18th edition 1990; 63-69.
[2]. Merriam JC, Zheng L, Merriam JE, Zaider M, Lindstrom B. The effect of incisions for cataract on corneal curvature. Ophthalmology. 2003 Sep; 110(9): 1807-13
[3]. Koch PS. The structural analysis of cataract incision construction.J Cataract Refract Surg1991; 17(suppl): 661-67.[
[4]. Sawhney S, Aggarwal A, The SIA calculator Version 2.1 –Calculating Surgically Induced Astigmatism using MS Excel. [Internet]. [Cited 2012 May 10]. Available from:http://www.insighteyeclinic.in/articles/SIA_Calc_2-1_Article.pdf.
[5]. Holladay JT, Dudeja DR, Koch DD. Evaluating and reporting astigmatism for individual and aggregate data. J Cataract Refract Surg1998;24:57-65

Abstract: Introduction: Appendicectomy is one of the commonest procedures in general surgery. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is likely to have less postoperative pain, decreased wound infection, better cosmesis and and early return to routine work...............

Keywords: Appendicectomy, laparoscopic appendicectomy, open appendicectomy

[1]. Guller U, Hervey S, Purver H, Muhlbair L, Peterson E, Eubanks S, al."Laparoscopic database" Ann Surg 2004;239: 43-52.
[2]. Telfor G, Wallace J, "Appendix" chapter 13 in Oxford text book of surgery,Morris PJ., Wood WC., Eds. Vol.2, 2nd Edn, Oxford Medical Publications, 2000; 180-189.
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Abstract: Dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty is the Gold standard surgical treatment for uretero-pelvic junction obstruction. Revision of the renal pelvis treats the obstruction by excising the stenotic adynamic area of the uretero-pelvic junction and creating a more capacious conduit using the tissue of the remaining ureter and renal pelvis.This study focuses on the various indications, techniques, advantages, disadvantages and postoperative outcome of open pyeloplasty and laparoscopic pyeloplasty. A total of 110 children with PUJ obstruction were taken up for study of which 68 were males and 42 females. They were evaluated using renal parameters, ultrasound, Voiding cystourethrogram and DTPA. Patients were randomly taken up for open or laparoscopic pyeloplasty.............

Keywords: Intracorporeal knotting , Laparoscopic pyeloplasty, Voiding cystourethrogram

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JD1, Kavoussi LR, Preminger GM, Schuessler WW, Moore RG
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O, Kavoussi LR
[3]. Retrospective comparison of retroperitoneal laparoscopic versus open dismembered pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction
obstruction. J Urol. 2006 Sep;176(3):1077-80. Zhang X1, Li HZ, Ma X, Zheng T, Lang B, Zhang J, Fu B, Xu K, Guo XL
[4]. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty in children. J Urol. 2005 May;173(5):1710-3; discussion 1713. Bonnard
A1, Fouquet V, Carricaburu E, Aigrain Y, El-Ghoneimi A.
[5]. Comparison of open versus laparoscopic pyeloplasty techniques in treatment of uretero-pelvic junction obstruction. Eur Urol. 2003
Sep;44(3):340-5. Klingler HC1, Remzi M, Janetschek G, Kratzik C, Marberger MJ.

Abstract: Stroke presenting as contralateral hemiparesis is predominantly related to contralateral projection of the corticospinal tract. While most corticospinal fibers decussate at the level of the medulla, some tracts continue to descend as ipsilateral anterior corticospinal fibers. The anterior corticospinal tract (CST) has been suggested as one of the ipsilateral motor pathways which contribute to motor recovery following stroke. Few case reports in literature show ipsilateral hemiparesis due to involvement of anterior corticospinalfibers.There is an association in patients with congenital uncrossed corticospinal tracts and posterior fossa malformations. There was also a high correlation of ipsilateral hemiparesis.............

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of the 19 literature. Neuroradiol J 2012; 25:237–242.
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the opposite side. Arch Neurol 2005; 62:809–811.

Abstract: Saliva, a bodily fluid is known to express several proteins on it's own and secretions that diffuse secondarily from the serum. Such an expression is seen in normal physiology and also in pathology. Expression of serum renal function markers – creatinine and urea in saliva has gained greater attention in recent times towards research based on using saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic method. However, there are several isolated studies based on clinical criterias that discuss about the use of saliva as a diagnostic method in patients with chronic kidney disease. This article aims to present an over view of the available literature and discuss about current proceedings and possiblities for future directions.

Keywords: CKD, Creatinine, Urea, Saliva, Renal, Urea

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and in disease. Journal of Medicine and Life. 2009;2(2):124–32.
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Derived Exosomes. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(1).
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Association. 2002;68(3):170–4.
[5]. Menke A, Mehta D, Menke A, Binder EB. Gene Expression Studies in Major Depression Gene Expression Studies in Major
Depression. Current Pyschiatry reports. 2010;12(2):135–44.

Abstract: The name AMYLOID is attributed to the pathologist Virchow, who in 1854 thought such deposits in autopsy liver were cellulose because of their peculiar staining reaction with iodine and sulphuric acid.Amyloidosis is a term applied to a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid (insoluble fibrillary proteins) causing target-organ dysfunction and a wide range of clinical symptoms . These symptoms depend on the organ involved, and include nephrotic syndrome, hepatosplenomegaly, congestive heart failure, carpal tunnel syndrome, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and macroglossia.

[1]. Kikkawa R, Koya D, Haneda M (2003) Progression of diabetic nephropathy.Am J Kidney Dis 41: S19-21.
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Abstract: The increased desire of patients to maintain their dentition has forced dental specialist to conserve the teeth in the mouth which are planned to be removed. In the light of this finding it is known that periodontally compromised teeth with severe bone loss at furcation area or endodontically compromised teeth may well be retained of their roots. This type of surgical therapy enables clinicians to better access the remaining tooth structure for periodontal and subsequent prosthetic therapy. In this case report palatal root resection of the right first maxillary molar with a simple procedure is presented along with a brief review of root resection as a treatment modality.

Keywords: Root resection, furcation defects, endodontic therapy, Periodontitis.

[1]. Park SY, Shin SY, Yang SM, Kye SB. Factors influencing the outcome of root- resection therapy in molars: A 10-year retrospective study. J Periodontol 2009;80:32-40.
[2]. Sukant Sahoo, Karan Sethi, Prince Kumar, Aman Bansal. Management of periodontal furcation defects employing molar bisection; a case report with review of the literature. Dental Hypotheses 2013;4(3):1-5.

[3]. Amen C. Hemisection and root amputation. Periodontics. 1966:4:197.
[4]. Buhler H. Evaluation of root- resected teeth. Results after 10 years. J periodontal.1988:59:805-810.
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Abstract: Achondroplasia is a most common form of non - lethal skeletal dysplasia dwarfism which manifests as short stature and limb shortening. It exhibits very characteristic craniofacial manifestations hence is of keen interest to the dentists. This paper highlights the unusual craniofacial features in achondroplasia along with emphasis on their pathogenesis.

Keywords: Craniofacial, pathogenesis, radiographic manifestations, mandible

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199
[2]. Vajo Z, Clair A. Francomano, and Wilkin DJ, The Molecular and Genetic Basis of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Disorders:
The Achondroplasia Family of Skeletal Dysplasias, Muenke Craniosynostosis, and Crouzon Syndrome with Acanthosis Nigricans,
Endocrine Reviews 21(1): 23–39
[3]. Saleem A and Jobair A. Achondroplasia: Craniofacial manifestations and considerations in dental management. The Saudi Dental
Journal 2010; 22: 195–199
[4]. Rohilla S, Kaushik A, Vinod V, Tanwar R, Kumar M. Orofacial manifestations of achondroplasia. EXCLI Journal 2012;11:538-
542
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Abstract: The infection of the root canal system is polymicrobial in nature, caused by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Because of the persistent and recurrent feature of the root canal infection, it is unlikely that any single antibiotic could result in effective sterilization of the canal. A combination of antibiotic drugs (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and minocycline) is thus used to eliminate target bacteria, which are the possible sources of root canal infection. Two case reports describe the nonsurgical endodontic treatment of teeth with large periapical lesions...............

Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, minocycline, nonsurgical root canal treatment, periradicular lesion, triple antibiotic paste.

[1]. [1] Soares J, Santos S, Silveira F, Nunes E. Nonsurgical treatment of extensive cystlike periapical lesion of endodontic origin. Int
Endod J 2006;39:56675.
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and inflammatory apical cysts. J Endod 2009;35:60715.
[4]. [4] Loushine RJ, Weller RN, Bellizzi R, Kulild JC. A 2day decompression: A case report of a maxillary first molar. JEndod
1991;17: 857.
[5]. [5] Martin SA. Conventional endodontic therapy of upper central incisor combined with cyst decompression: A case report. J
Endod 2007;33:7537.

Abstract: Epidermal cyst arising from breast is an uncommon benign condition. Its rarity accounts for it being erroneously misdiagnosed. The patient may not seek medical attention because of small painless swelling, unless the lump increases in size or becomes painful. Symptomatic cases should be readily excised and need histological correlation to rule out any potential complications that can arise in these cysts.

Keywords: Benign breast lesions, breast lump, epidermal cyst.

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[2]. Crystal P, Shaco-Levy R. Concentric rings within the breast mass on sonography.Lamellated keratin in an epidermal inclusion cyst. Am J Roentgenol 2005 ;184(3suppl) ; 47-48.
[3]. Denison CM, Ward VL, Lester SC et al. Epidermal inclusion cysts of the breast ; three lesions with calcifications. Radiology 1997 ; 204 : 493-6.
[4]. Meeta Singh, Barkha Maheshwari, Nita Khurana and Shyama Jain. Epidermal inclusion cyst in breast : Is it so rare ? J Cytol 2012 Jul-Sep ; 29(3) : 169-172
[5]. Sunita Sharma and Meenu Pujari. Epidermoid cyst of breast : A clinical and radiological dilemma resolved by FNAC. J Cytol 2012 Apr-Jun ; 29(2): 155-156.