iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2017

Abstract: Aim:- To assess the risk of stress induced biochemical changes in pregnancy in view of their significant impact in developing diabetes and coronary heart disease through metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods:- 15 cases of Primis in first trimester. 15 cases of Primis in third trimester with normal blood pressure. 15 cases of Primis in third trimester with PIH. Fasting blood glucose,Serum total proteins, Serum total triglycerides,Serum total cholesterol, Serum HDLCholesterol and Serum Ceruloplasmin were estimated...........

Keywords:- Metabolic syndrome, PIH, Preeclampsia, coronary artery diseases, stroke, Hypertriglyceridaemia, Ceruloplasmin.

[1]. Selye,H. (1936). "A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents." Nature138:32.
[2]. Cohen,S. and Herbert,T.B. (1996). "Health psychology: psychological factors and physical disease
from the perspective of human psychoneuroimmunology." Annu Rev Psychol 47: 113-42.
[3]. Hennig,J.,Netter,P.,et al. (2000). "Mechanisms of changes in lymphocyte numbers after psychological stress." Z Rheumatol 59
Suppl 2: II/ 43-8.
[4]. Hucklebridge,F.,Sen,S.,et al. ( 1998). "The relationship between circadian patterns of salivary cortisol and endogenous inhibitor
of monoamine oxidase A. " Lif e Sci 62( 25): 2321-8.
[5]. Perlstein,R.S., Wht mall,M.H., et al. ( 1993). " Synergistic roles of Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor in the
adrenocorticotropin response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide invivo." Endocrinology 132: 946-952.

Abstract: Pertrochanteric fractures are of intense interest globally. Incidence has increased significantly during recent decades and this tendency will probably continue to rise in near future due to increased span of life. Before the introduction of suitable fixation devices, the treatment was predominantly conservative. This conservative approach has now fallen into disrepute because of the high complication rate , making operative management preferred treatment. The present study is undertaken to study the role of surgical management and assess its functional outcome in Pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fracture.............

Keywords: Pertrochanteric fractures, subtrochanteric fractures, internal fixation, Boyd and Griffin, Seinsheimer's

[1]. Thomas A. Russell . Inter Trochanteric Fractures. In: Bucholz, Robert W. ; Heckman, James D. ; Court-Brown, Charles M. ;
Tornetta, Paul eds . Rockwood And Green's Fractures In Adults, 7th Edition. Philadelphia ; poi,lkim1`Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins. 2010. pg 1597.
[2]. George J. Haidukewych , Joshua Langford . SubTrochanteric Fractures. In: Bucholz, Robert W. ; Heckman, James D. ; Court-
Brown, Charles M. ; Tornetta, Paul eds . Rockwood And Green's Fractures In Adults, 7th Edition. Philadelphia ; Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins. 2010. pg 1641.

[3]. Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA. World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):407-413.
[4]. Melton LJ 3rd, Kearns AE, Atkinson EJ, et al. Secular trends in hip fracture incidence and recurrence. Osteoporos Int 2009;20(5):687-694.
[5]. Hagino H, Furukawa K, Fujiwara S, et al. Recent trends in the incidence and lifetime risk of hip fracture in Tottori, Japan.
Osteoporos Int 2009;20(4):543-548.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the clinical and etiological profile of acute renal failure (ARF) in obstetric patients in Bundelkhand region. Methods: This was observational cross-sectional study. The women with previously healthy kidneys who developed renal complications during their pregnancy due to obstetrical causes were included in the study. A detailed clinical and etiological examination was done and recorded. The criteria for diagnosis of ARF was: urine output output<400 ml/day, history<3 month, bilateral normal sized kidney (9-12 cm) on ultrasonographic examination and abrupt rise of blood urea and serum creatinine...........

Keywords: Obstetric patients, Acute renal failure, Etiology

[1]. Sulaniya Chandrakanta, Sulaniya Pawan Kumar, Sharma Anju, Dixit Anand Mohan, Khuteta Rakesh Pratap, Naga Oby. An observational prospective study of clinical profile and obstetrical and neonatal outcome of Pregnancy Related Acute Renal Failure occurred in a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS). 2015; 14 (3): 01-05.
[2]. Mohamed Arrayhani, Randa EiYoubi, and Tarik Sqalli. Prenancy –Related Acute Kidney Injury: Experience Of The Nephrology Unit At The University Hospital Of Fez ,Morocco: Isrn Nephrology. 2013.
[3]. Rajeshwari S. N, Asha Swarup, Mahesh E. Obstetric Renal Failure. Journal of Evidence based Medicine and Healthcare. 2015; 2 (46): 8241-8251.
[4]. Hassan Irfan, Junejo Abdul Manan And Dawani Anohar Lal. Etiology And Outcome Of Acute Renal Failure In Pregnancy. Journal Of The College Of Physician And Surgeons Pakistan. 2009, 19: 714-717.
[5]. Goplani Kr, Shah Pr, Gera Dn, Gumber M, Dabhi M, Feroz A, Kanodia, Suresh S, Vanikar A V, Trivedi Hl. Pregnancy –Related Acute Renal Failure: A Single -Center Experience. Indian J Nephrol. 2008; 18: 17-21.

Abstract: Lasers were introduced into the field of clinical dentistry with the hope of overcoming some of the drawbacks posed by the conventional methods of dental procedures. Since its first experiment for dental application in the 1960s, the use of laser has increased rapidly in the last couple of decades. At present, wide varieties of procedures are carried out using laser.The purpose of this paper is to summarize laser applications in endodontics, including their use in pulp diagnosis, dentinal hypersensitivity, pulp capping and pulpotomy, sterilization of root canals, root canal shaping and obturation and Apicoectomy................

Keywords: Dentine; laser diagnosis; laser therapy use; root canal treatment

[1]. Stern RH, Sognnaes RF. Laser Effect on Dental Hard Tissues. A Preliminary Report.J South Calif Dent Assoc 1965;33:17-9
[2]. Adrian JC, Bernier JL, Sprague WG. Laser and the dental pulp. J Am Dent Assoc 1971 ;83(1):113-7.6.
[3]. Lin S, Liu Q, Peng Q, Lin Ml. The ablation threshold of Er:YAG laser and Er,Cr:YSGG laser in dental dentin. Scientific Research and Essays 2010;5(16):2128-35.7.Jesse J, Desai S, Oshita P
[4]. Koukichi Matsumoto: Lasers in Endodontics:DCNA. 2000; Vol 44(4): 889-906.
[5]. Giovanni Olivi, Rolando Crippa, Giuseppe Iaria,Vasilios Kaitsas, Enrico DiVito & Stefano

Abstract: For unstable ankle fractures that involve the medial malleolus, operative treatment is generally recommended (1–3). Multiple techniques, including bioabsorbable implants (4) have been used for fixation of the medial malleolus; however, the most common technique as recommended by the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO-ASIF) group uses two 4-mm partially threaded cancellous lag screws placed perpendicular to the fracture line (5). Collinge et al (6) showed that stainless steel cancellous screws had up to 24% less pullout force, significantly less torsional and bending strength than a 3.5-mm bicortical screw. There is little evidence reported in the literature on bicortical fixation of medial malleolar fractures

[1]. Femino JE, Gruber BF, Karunakar MA. Safe zone placement of medial malleolar screws. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007; 89(1):133–138. doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.00689
[2]. Georgiadis GM, White DB. Modified tension band wiring of medial malleolar ankle fractures. Foot Ankle Int. 1995; 16(2):64–68.
[3]. Johnson BA, Fallat LM. Comparison of tension band wire and cancellous bone screw fixation for medial malleolar fractures. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1997; 36(4):284–289.
[4]. Bucholz RW, Henry S, Henley MB. Fixation with bioabsorbable screws for the treatment of fractures of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994; 76(3):319–324.
[5]. Weber BG, Colton C. Malleolar fractures. In: Mueller ME, Allgower M, Schneider R, Willenegger H, eds. Manual of Internal Fixation: Techniques Recommended by the AO-ASIF Group. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 1991:595–612

Abstract: There are many co morbid conditions which exist before a fracture is sustained and developed or identified during the evaluation for fitness to undergo surgery. The study is done with 83 patients who are diagnosed as having a co morbid condition which can influence the outcome preoperatively and post operatively. They are grouped in to three groups where in cardiac, respiratory and renal comorbid conditions are identified. Each co morbid condition is evaluated and treated by the concerned medical speciality for the treatment as well as to ascertain the fitness to undergo surgery. The fracture patterns in this study are cases which require definitive..........

Keywords: Co morbid conditions, fracture, complications, adequate fixation.

[1]. Hippokratia. 2007 JanMar; 11(1): 13–21. PMCID: PMC2464262 Preoperative evaluation and preparation for anesthesia and surgery
[2]. A Zambouri 4th Dept of Anesthesiology, "Hippokratio" G. H., Thessaloniki, Greece Corresponding author: Zambouri A, 4th Dept
of Anesthesiology, "Hippokratio" G. H., Thessaloniki, Greece, tel: 2310 346131 athzab@yahoo.gr
[3]. Mt Sinai J Med. 2005 May;72(3):18592. Preoperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery. Maddox TM .
[4]. Recent Advances in Chest Medicine | November 2007 Preoperative Evaluation of the Patient With Pulmonary Disease Srinivas R.
Bapoje, MD, MPH; Julia Feliz Whitaker, MD; Tara Schulz, MD; Eugene S. Chu, MD; Richard, Chest. 2007;132(5):16371645.
doi:10.1378/chest.070347
[5]. Orthopade. 1996 Jun;25(3):2929. [Systemic complications in intramedullary nailing]. WendaK ,Runkel M.

Abstract: The Fractures and soft-tissue injuries in children are different from those in adults. The periosteum is thicker in children than in adults and usually remains intact on one side of the fracture, which helps stabilize any reduction, decreases the amount of displacement. The peculiar function of the physis and the need to preserve their integrity, makes choosing what treatment methods to employ, very important. Our study is done with Epiphyseal injuries, with the following inclusion criterion...............

Keywords: Epiphyseal injury, K wire fixation, Range of movements, clinical radiological deformities.

[1]. Orthopedics. 2015 Mar;38(3):e18995. doi: 10.3928/014774472015030555. Surgical indications for distal tibial epiphyseal fractures
inchildren. Cai H, Wang Z, Cai H.
[2]. Clin Ter. 2016 NovDec;167( 6):e155e161. doi: 10.7417/CT.2016.1961. Apophyseal and epiphyseal knee injuries in the adolescent
athlete. Persiani P , Ranaldi FM , Formica A , Mariani M , Mazza O , Crostelli M , Villani C .
[3]. J PediatrOrthop. 2016 Dec;36(8):780786. Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning Versus Open Reduction and Internal
Fixation for Type II Lateral Condyle Humerus Fractures in Children Displaced >2 mm. Pennock AT , Salgueiro L, Upasani VV,
Bastrom TP, Newton PO, Yaszay B.
[4]. Am J Emerg Med. 2017 Feb 6. pii: S07356757(17)301031. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.02.015. [Epub ahead of print] Open physeal
fracture of the distal phalanx of the hallux: Case study, diagnosis and management. Morris B , Mullen S , Schroeppel P , Vopat B

Abstract: Background and objectives: Recent studies have elucidated thealterations in hemostatic profile in chronic renal disease. This study aims at evaluating the changes in the hemostatic profile in stage III and IV patients of chronic renal disease. Material and methods: This case-control study included chronic renal failure patients of stagesIII , IV and an equal number of matched healthy volunteers. Serum Urea, Creatinine, plasma fibrinogen, bleeding time, prothrombin time, APTT, platelet count, D-Dimer and nitric oxide were estimated in all the patients. Results: a significantly increase plasma fibrinogen level

[1]. Jalal DI, Chorchol M, Targher G. Disorder of homeostasis with chronic. Kidney disease. Semin thromb Hemost. 2010; 36 (1) : 34-40.
[2]. Steiner RW, Coggin C, Carvalha AC, Bleeding time in uremia A useful test to assess clinical bleeding AMJ Hematol 1979; 7: 107-17.
[3]. Boceardo P, Remuzzi G, Galbusera M, Platelet dysfunction in renal failure semin thrombo Hemost. 2004; 30(5): 579-89.
[4]. KawD, Malhotra D. Platelet dysfunction and end stage renal disease. Semin Dial 2006: 19(4): 317-22.
[5]. Mehta AB, Hoffbrand AV, Hematological aspect of systemic disease. In Hoffbrand AV, Tuden H, eds. Postgraduate hematology. 5th ed. Oxford; Blackwell, 2005; 971-72.

Abstract: Ascites is one of the most common presentation in patient with liver diseases, especially in patients with cirrhosis of liver .Alcohol is one of the most common cause for the cirrhosis of liver. Serum ascites albumin gradient is very useful in differentiating the cause of ascites is due to portal hypertension or not. SAAG is one of the easy method to find out whether the ascites is due to portal hypertension or not by simply doing ascitic fluid analysis. Aim of the study: to study about the correlation between SAAG and the gradient of ascites and its change with diuretic therapy and its relation with ascitic fluid total protein.............

[1]. Albillos A, Cuervas-Mons V, Millan I et al. Ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count and serum to ascites albumin gradient in the
diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology 1990;98:134
[2]. Andrea M, Sola R ,Sitgdes-Serra A et al. Risk factors for spontaneous bacterial peritoni, in cirrhotic patients with ascites .
Gastroenterology 1993;104:1133
[3]. Arroyo V, Jimenez W. Complications of cirrhosis. 11. Renal and circulatory dysfunction. Lights and shadows in an important
clinical problem. J. Hepetol. 2000;32 (suppl. 1); 157
[4]. Arroyo V, Gines A, Sal6J. A European survey on the treatment of ascites in cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 1994;21:667.
[5]. Brensing KA, Textor J, Perz J et al. Long-term outcome after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in non
transplantcirrhotics with hepatorenal syndrome; a phaseII study .Gut 2000;47:288

Abstract: Introduction: Hypertension is the new era pandemic which is the leading cause of mortality in the world and is ranked third as a cause of disability-adjusted life years. Various risk factors are implicated in the development of hypertension and there are differences in these risk factors in urban and rural populations depending on the level of development and epidemiological transition. Aims & Objective: The preesent study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and identify & compare some socio-demographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with hypertension in urban and rural populations of Hapur...............

Keywords: Hypertension,prevalence,risk factors,population

[1]. Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S, Murray CJ. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet 2000;360:1347-60.
[2]. WHO. World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension statement on management of hypertension. J hypertens 2003;21:1983-92.
[3]. Chobanion AV, Bakris GL, Black HR. The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure, The JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560-72.
[4]. He J, Whelton PK. Epidemiology and prevention of hypertension. Med Clin North Am 1997;81:1077-97.
[5]. Whelton PK. Epidemiology of hypertension. Lancet 1994; 344:101–06

Abstract: Background: The treatment of head and neck cancer is complex, costly, toxic and challenging particularly in this part of the world where majority of the patients are from rural background and lower socioeconomic status. Persistent patient compliance is crucial, unplanned treatment interruptions reduce cure rates. Treatment prolongation reduces local control and overall survival rates, making adherence to treatment a key factor in optimal outcome. The present study estimates the compliance rate in patients who underwent radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.............

[1]. Rajni A. sethi, Md; Emily F. Stamell, BS; Leah Price, MS; Mark DeLacure, MD; Nicholas Sanfilippo,MD. Head and neck
radiotherapy compliance in an underserved patient population, Laryngoscope 120:july 2010.
[2]. Bese NS, Hendry J, Jeremic B. Effects of prolongation of overall treatment time due to unplanned interruptions during radiotherapy
of different tumor sites and practical methods for compensation, Int J radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;68:654-661.
[3]. Pajak TF. Laramore GE, Marcial VA, et al. Elapsed treatment days-a critical item for radiotherapy quality control review in head
and neck trials: RTOG Report. Int j Radiat oncol Biol Phys 1991;20:13-20.
[4]. Hendry JH, Bentzen SM, Dale RG, et al. A modeled comparison of the effects of using different ways to compensate for missed
treatment days in radiotherapy. Clin Oncol 1996;8:297-307.
[5]. Patel UA, Thakakar KH, Holloway N. Patient compliance to radiation for advanced head and neck cancer patients at a teriarry care
county hospital. Laryngoscope 2008;118:428-432.

Abstract: Respiratory Distress syndrome(RDS) in newborn is defined as the presence of any two of the following features:1. Respiratory rate >60. 2.Subcostal/Intercostal retractions. 3.Expiratory grunt/Groaning.In addition, presence of nasal flaring, suprasternalretractions,decreased air entry on auscultation of chest wall will also indicate the presence of respiratory distress. An infant who has an advanced degree of respiratory distress may exhibit additional signssuch as cyanosis,gasping,choking,apnea,stridor.It is more common in early and late pre-term babies..........

Keywords: RDS, retraction, thyroid function, l-thyroxine

[1]. Nelson text book pf paediatrics 20th edition
[2]. Cloherty text book f newborn care 7th edition
[3]. Avery's newborn
[4]. Ralph study on RDS (1974)

Abstract: Background & Aim : Hypertension is one of the biggest health challenges of 21st century. Persons with prehypertension are at an increased risk of developing hypertension than do those with lower BP levels. Risk factors for developing hypertension peculiar to Indian population are high familial aggregation. Prehypertension is associated with metabolic risk factors which are likely to further increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hence we designed this study to analyse the association of prehypertension with parental history of hypertension . And to compare blood sugar and serum cholesterol levels between prehypertensives and normotensives.............

Keywords: Blood sugar , Prehypertension , Serum cholesterol

[1]. Park.K, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 20(Jabalpur : Bhanot, 2005 )323- 326.
[2]. Chobanian AV et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection , Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003 ; 289(19): 2560-72.
[3]. GM Schneider et al. Cardiovascular hemodynamic response to repeated mental stress in normotensive subjects at genetic risk of hypertension : evidence of enhanced reactivity , blunted adaptation and delayed recovery, Journal of Human Hypertension,17,2003, 829-40.
[4]. Fauci KB, Jameson HL, In Martin and Mariapaz (Ed), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine,16(USA:McGraw Hill, 1998) 1425 – 26,1465.
[5]. Hariharan S et al, Prevalence of Prehypertension in adult outpatients in Trinidad, West Indian Med J., 55(5), 2006 Oct,362.

Abstract: A SWOT analysis helps to bring forth the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of the department. The increasing demand for medical profession to deliver high quality health care services in the state and the stagnating level of performance of the MBBS Students prompted the need for SWOT analysis of the Department of General Surgery of a prestigious institution in Kerala, the Government Medical College Kozhikode.The Department of General Surgery is a small department with 31 doctors and 2 auxiliary staff.............

Keywords: SWOT, health care, medical education, faculty training, students perception, surgery department.

[1]. Dr. Amar Jayanthi A, Dr. Sajna MMV and Benson Benjamin. Students perception of teaching learning method in dissection and
histology lab. IOSR journal of dental and medical sciences. Nov 2014; Vol 13 (11): 24-28.
[2]. Connie C. Schmitz, Christopher j. Chow and David A. Rothenberger. Colorectal Surgeons Teaching General Surgery Residents:
Current Challenges and Opportunities. Colon Rectal surg.. 2012 Sep; 25(3): 134–142.
[3]. Weissman JS, Rothschild JM, Bendavid E, Sprivulis P, Cook EF, Evans RS, Kaganova Y, Bender M, David-Kasdan J, Haug P,
Lloyd J, Selbovitz LG, Murff HJ, Bates DW. Hospital workload and adverse events. Med Care. 2007 May; 45 (5): 448-55.
[4]. Fran Thorn. Credentialing and defining the scope of clinical practice for medical practitioners in Victorian health services — A
policy handbook. Quality, Safety and Patient Experience Branch, Victorian Government, Department of Health, Melbourne,
Victoria. 2011. p. 6.
[5]. Aarti chahal. A Study of Training Need Analysis Based Training and Development: Effect of Training on Performance by Adopting
Development Based Strategy. International Journal of Business and Management Invention.2013; Volume 2 (4): 41-51.

Abstract: Objective: To assess the strategies and messages used to promote consumption of highly processed and commercialized food products. Methods: Photographs of 110 advertisements of food and beverages on the hoardings, walls, bus stands, near shopping places, traffic signals were clicked from most commuted areas of Bengaluru city and analysed by visual interpretation. Advertisements were coded for - visual details, type of product, placement and context themes used. Qualitative methods were used to analyse data and identify the common themes used to appeal the consumers...............

Keywords: Snack food, beverages, advertisements

[1]. Amanzadeh, B., Gutierrez, K. S. and Barker, J. (2015): An interpretive study of food, snack and beverage advertisements in rural
and urban El Salvador. BioMed Central Public Health 15(521).
[2]. Balch,O. (2012): India: food, marketing and children's health. The guardian [online] Available
at:http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/fast-food-marketing-childrens-health. [Accessed on 29 November 2015]
[3]. Cezar, A. (2008): The Effects of Television Food Advertising on Childhood Obesity. Journal of the Nevada Public Health
Association5(1).
[4]. Dixon, H., Scully, M., Wakefield, M.., Kelly, B., Chapman, K. and Donovan, R. (2011): Parent's responses to nutrient claims and
sports celebrity endorsements on energy-dense and nutrient poor foods: an experimental study. Public Health Nutrition,14(6), 1071–
1079.
[5]. Halford, J., Boyland, E., Hughes, G., Stacey, L., McKean, S. and Dovey, T. (2007): Beyond-brand effect of television
food advertisements on food choice in children: the effects of weight status. Public Health Nutrition,11, 897–904.

Abstract: Objective: To assess the hearing and speech outcome of prelingually deaf children who underwent cochlear implantation over a period of 1 year.To evaluate the outcome of cochlear implantation in prelingually deaf children.To identify the ideal age for cochlear implantation in terms of best outcome.To assess the benefit of cochlear implantation in older children. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 50 children who underwent cochlear implantation surgery at Coimbatore medical college hospital from July 2014 to June 2015. Speech and hearing was first assessed prior to the surgery. The children divided into two groups, < 3 years of age of implantation and 3 – 6 years at the time of implantation................

Keywords: Cochlear implantation, Age at implantation, CAP score, SIR score, MAIS, MUSS.

[1]. Nadal JBJr, Young YS, Glynn RJ. Survival of spiral ganglion cells in profound SNHL: implication of cochlear implant. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989; 98: 411-416.
[2]. Miura M, Sando I, Hirsch BE, Onta Y. Analysis of spiral ganglion populationin children with normal and pathological ears. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002; 111: 1059-1069.
[3]. Hardie NA, Shepherd RK. SNHL during development: morphological and physiological responseof cochlea and auditory brainstem. Hear Res 1999; 128: 147-165.
[4]. Waltzman SB, Cohel NL, Shapiro WH. Effects of chronic electrical stimulation on patients using a cochlear prosthesis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991; 105: 797-801.
[5]. Woolsey CN, Walzl EM. Topical projection of nerve fibers from local region of cochlea to cerebral cortex. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1942; 71:315-344.

Abstract: To prove the efficiency of Admission test and Amniotic fluid index(AFI) in predicting foetal jeopardy during labour and to select the patient who require continuous monitoring. This is an prospective observational study done during November 2010 to October 2012. 200 pregnant women who were booked in this hospital were taken into study. Out of 200 patients, the incidence of non reassuring admission test with oligohydraminos was 92.3% and 88.5% underwent LSCS Perinatal mortality was 2.9%. We conclude that, in term pregnancies it is a reliable method to assess the mode of delivery and perinatal outcome.

Keywords: Admission test Amniotic fluid index (AFI) LSCS Oligohydramnios

[1]. Williams obstetrics, 21st edition, Mc Graw Hill medical publishing division, 1096-110.
[2]. Usha Krishna, Tank. D.K. Daftary S.Pregnancy at risk -current concepts, Fourth Edition Jaypee 172-176.
[3]. Cal Deyro-Barcia R., Mendez-Bauer C., Poseiro J.J., et al control of human foetal heart rate during labour in ; Cassels D (editor) The heart and circulation in the new born infant" New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1966.
[4]. Gibbons J.M.Jr., and Nagle P; Correlation of nonstressed fetal heart rate with sequential contraction stress test,vol 55(5), 612-616.
[5]. Southern EM; F et al Anoxia and its possible relation to changes in the prenatal fetal electrocardiogram 1957,AM J. Obst Gyne:, 73;233

Abstract: Background: There has been a marked increase in people with disability all over the world including Tanzania. Consequently, the psychiatric disabled people are not healthily maintained, become apathetic, have difficult in trouble coping, are discriminated against, are not integrated into local communities, and most of them face massive unemployment. To address this condition of psychiatric disability, the Tanzanian government established Mirembe psychiatric hospital and Hombolo rehabilitation village whose ultimate goal was to provide the psychiatric disabled people with psychosocial rehabilitation services................

Keywords: Mirembe National Mental Hospital (MNMH),

[1]. Allness, D.J., & Knoedler, W.H. (2003). A manual for ACT start-up: based on the PACT model of community treatment for persons with severe and persistent mental illness. Arlington, VA.: National Alliance for the Mentally Ill.
[2]. American Psychiatric Association. (1997). Practice Guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(4suppl): 1-63.
[3]. American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC.
[4]. Andersen, R., Caputi, P., & Oades, L. (2006). Stages of recovery instrument: development of a measure of recovery from serious mental illness. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 972-980.
[5]. Andersen, R., Oades, L., & Caputi, P. (2003). The experience of recovery from schizophrenia: towards an empirically validated stage model. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 972-980.

Abstract: Electroconvulsive therapy has been widely used in the treatment of various psychiatric and somatic conditions such as obsessive compulsive disorder, postpartum psychosis, Parkinson's disease, depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia with varying degree of success. Currently, its utilisation has been constrained to limited conditionsdue to its neurocognitive side effects. Neurocognitive impairment associated with ECT treatment includes slow processing speed, verbal and memory deficits which manifest as post ictal confusion, anterograde and/or retrograde memory amnesia, or long-term subjective memory deficit in few patients................

Keywords: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), calcium/calmodulin-dependant protein kinase IIα (CaMK Iiα),Major Depression Disorder (MDD), Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65)

[1]. Endler NS. The Origins of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT). Convuls Ther.1988; 4(1):5-23.
[2]. Payne NA, Prudic J. Electroconvulsive therapy: Part I. A perspective on the evolution and current practice of ECT. J Psychiatr Pract. 2009; 15(5):346-68.
[3]. M.D. Beale, C. H. Kellner, J.T. Pritchett, C. M. Burns, M. A. Jenike, and S. L. Rauch, ''ECT for OCD'', Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, vol. 56, no. 2,pp.81-82, 1995.
[4]. J. J. Harding, ''Postpartum psychiatric disorders: a review'', Comprehensive Psychiatry, vol. 30, no. 1, pp.109-112, 1989.
[5]. American Psychiatric Association (2001). The Practice of ECT: Recommendation for treatment, Training and Privileging, 2nd edn. American Psychiatric Press: Washington, DC.

Abstract: Aim: To analyze nine cases of orbital metastasis with review the literature for incidence, presentation, evaluation and discuss their multidisciplinary management. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of nine patients between Jan 2012- March 2015 Results: Out of nine consecutive patients with orbital metastasis treated in three year at the department of neurosurgery and neuro-ophthalmology, six patients (75%) were 60 years or older and two were less than 60 years at diagnosis. M: F ratio was 2:1 (M=6, F=3). These patients presented with proptosis in eight (88.8%), pain in four (44.4%), restriction of eye movement in six (66.6%) patients and vision loss in two (22.2%). All these patients presented primarily with orbital symptoms without known primary tumor. Metastatic adeno carcinoma (n=4) was most common histology followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland...............

Keywords: Orbit, metastasis, secondary, proptosis

[1]. Char DH, Miller T, Kroll S. Orbital metastasis: diagnosis and course. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:386–390.
[2]. Font RL, Ferry AP. Carcinoma metastatic to the eye and orbit . A clinicopathologic study of 28 cases metastatic to the orbit. Cancer 1976;38:1326 35.
[3]. Goldberg RA, Rootman J, Cline R. Tumors metastatic to the orbit: a changing picture. Surv Ophthal 1990;35:1–24.
[4]. Abbruzzese JL, Abbruzzese MC, Lenzi R, Hess KR, Raber MN. Analysis of a diagnostic strategy for patients with suspected tumors of unknown origin. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:2094–103.
[5]. Fizazi K,. Greco FA, Pavlidis N, Pentheroudakis G. Cancers of unknown primary site: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology 2011; 22:64–68.

Abstract: In contemporary implant and prosthodontic practice, high levels of surgical and biologic success rates have been achieved. However, mechanical and technical complications continue to exist. Of these, one of the biggest challenges to the clinician is the conservative retrieval of fractured screw fragments from within the implants and/or abutments. This clinical report describes a relatively simple technique for retrieval of fractured abutment of Mandibular Implant Supported Overdenture.

Keywords: Implant Supported Overdenture, Ball Abutment, Abutment Fracture, Screw Retrieval.

[1]. D. R. Burns, "The mandibular complete overdenture," Dental Clinics of North America, vol. 48, no. 3. pp. 603–623, 2004.
[2]. M. Melescanu Imre, M. Marin, E. Preoteasa, A. M. Tancu, and C. T. Preoteasa, "Two implant overdenture--the first alternative treatment for patients with complete edentulous mandible.," J. Med. Life, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 207–9, 2011.
[3]. D. Harris, I. C. Benington, B. O. Connell, S. Sheridan, J. Marley, and I. C. Benington, "A comparison of implant-retained mandibular overdentures and conven- tional dentures on quality of life in edentulous patients : a randomized , prospective , within-subject controlled clinical trial," no. Anderson 1977, pp. 1–8, 2011.
[4]. P. S Calderon, P. M C Dantas, S. C L Montenegro, A. F P Carreiro, A. G R C Oliveira, E. M Dantas, and B. C V Gurgel, "Technical complications with implant-supported dental prostheses.," J. Oral Sci., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 179–84, 2014.
[5]. T. Gonda, Y. Maeda, J. N. Walton, and M. I. MacEntee, "Fracture incidence in mandibular overdentures retained by one or two implants," J. Prosthet. Dent., vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 178–181, 2010.

Abstract: Background : Diabetes is one of the most prevalent disease in Indian subcontinent . periodontitis is a know as the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus . Periodontist thus are at a crucial position to examine gingival crevicular blood to screening for diabetes during there routine clinical procedures. Present study focuses on relevance of using gingival crevicular blood as a screening tool to access blood glucose level of patients. Method: 150patients with established diagnosis of chronic Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study. Blood oozing from the gingival crevices of anterior teeth following periodontal probing was collected...............

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Gingival crevicular blood, Chronic periodontitis, Finger prick blood

[1]. Beikler T., Kuczek A., Petersilka G., Flemming T.F. In-dental-office screening for diabetes mellitus using gingival crevicular blood. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29:216–218.
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Abstract: Cardiac patients on aspirin therapy may require extractions for their diseased teeth. It is a common practice among physicians and treating surgeons to stop aspirin prior to tooth extraction because of fear of bleeding complications. This practice often predisposes the patient to adverse thromboembolic events. This practice is based on theoretical risk of bleeding and on isolated case reports of excessive bleeding with aspirin therapy. The current consensus and recommendations are in favor of continuing aspirin therapy during simple tooth extraction as the bleeding complication incidence is very less and if it occurs can be controlled efficiently with local hemostasis measures.

Keywords: Antiplatelet, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Extraction, Hemostasis

[1]. Principles of internal medicine, Harrison's, 18the edition
[2]. A. J. Kumar, M. M. Kumari, N. Arora, and A. Haritha, ―Is antiplatelet therapy interruption a real clinical issue? Its implications in dentistry and particularly in periodontics,‖ Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 121–125, 2009.
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Abstract: Aim: To know the effect of hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease patients by measuring the HbF levels. Materials and Methods: 50 patients suffering from sickle cell disease were taken from Prince Saud Bin Jalavy Hospital, Alahsa. The HbF levels were monitored in these patients before and after 4 months of administration of hydroxyurea. The HbF were monitored using Hb Electrophoresis. Observation: The mean difference was – 0.3979 with SD of 0.0663, standard error 0.0094 and t value 0f-42.32 and p value of p<0.0001 Conclusion: In all patients there was 20-25% of improvement of fetal Hb after 4 months of treatment with hydroxyurea.

Keywords: Sickle cell disease HbF, Hydroxyurea

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Abstract: India has the largest number of people with diabetes in the world. Today the Indian diabetic population is about 61.3 millions which means that around 122 million feet are at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). It is expected that by 2025 this figure will reach nearly 73.5 million. Every 3 seconds a new case of diabetes is diagnosed and every 30 seconds a lower limb is amputated somewhere due to diabetes. Worldwide more than 1 million amputations are performed each year with up to 70% of these amputations related to diabetes. It is the commonest cause for admissions in people with diabetes . It is estimated that 15% of people with diabetes will develop a lower extremity ulcer during the course of their disease. Diabetic patients are 17 times more likely to develop gangrene of the foot than persons without diabetes and gangrene of the lower extremities occurs in 20- 30% of the patients with maturity onset diabetes.

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Abstract: Infection control is simple yet highly rewarding in terms of mental satisfaction to cure the patient of his problems by following proper infection control methods.The control of cross-infection and cross-contamination in dental practice is the focus of continuing discussion and debate and, as a result, recommendations and guidelines are regularly reviewed in the light of available information. To minimise the risk of transmission of infection between patients and between patients and Health Care Workers (HCW's) a sensible and practical routine for the prevention of cross-contamination and cross-infection should be followed................

Keywords: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), Cross Infection, Infection Control, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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