iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2017

Abstract: Small bowel plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of various nutrients from the enteral diet. The small intestine consists of three parts, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Apart from duodenal length of 25 cm, the rest of the small intestine length varies between four and six meters. Though the majority of the digestion takes place in the proximal bowel, the distal bowel, especially the terminal part of ileum plays a very significant role in the digestion and absorption of fats and in entero hepatic circulation of bile salts. The ileum is guarded by an ileocaecal valve, which is an important cog in the wheel of the intestinal integrity and its function. If for any reason.......

[1]. O' Keefe SJ, Buchnan AL, Fishbean TA, Jeebhoy KN, Jepperson PB, Shalfer J. Short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure: Consensus definition and over view. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006; 4: 6-10.
[2]. Buchman AL. Etiology and initial management of short bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2006; 130: 505-515.
[3]. Parrish CR. The clinical guide to short bowel syndrome. Pract Gastroenterol. 2005; 29: 67-106.
[4]. Nightingale JMD. Management of patients with a short bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 2001; 7: 742-751.
[5]. Lennard-Jones JE. Indications and need for long term parenteral nutrition: implications for intestinal transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1990; 22(6): 2427-2429.

Abstract: Background-After birth, placenta is normally discarded and has 80 ml to 150 ml whole human blood. Placental cord blood, because of its rich mix of fetal and adult hemoglobin, plasma with higher concentration of cytokines and growth factors along with high platelet and leukocyte count has the potential to be a safe alternative to adult human blood and is useful in transfusion dependent patients as well as in degenerative, autoimmune and geriatric conditions. It could be saved, stored and utilized in the goodness of the patients. Aims and Objectives Present study is aimed to establish the fact that Umbilical cord blood is safe for transfusion and a true alternative to adult human blood, furthermore its usefulness in different clinical conditions............

Keywords: Umbilical cord whole blood, Adult human blood, Transfusion, stem cell, cytokines and growth factor

[1]. Pal R., Kar S., Zaman F. A. & Pal. S. (2011). The quest for an Indian blood law as of blood transfusion services regulatory
framework. Asian J Transfus Sci, 5(2), 171-174. doi: 10.4103/0973-6247.83246.
[2]. Agarwal, S. P. (2012). National Voluntary Blood Donation Day- Message of The Secretary General. from
http://www.indianredcross.org/sg-message-27-sep-2013.htm
[3]. Aggarwal S. and Sharma V. (2012). Attitudes and problems related to voluntary blood donation in India: A short communication.
Ann Trop Med Public Health, 5(50).
[4]. Available from: http://www.medindia.com/news/Shortage-of-Blood-in-India-as-Blood-Banks-Do-Not-Maintain-Buffer-Stocks-
37199-1.htm. [Last accessed on 2011 May 5].
[5]. Sarkar S. Artificial blood; Indian J Crit Care Med. 2008 Jul-Sep; 12(3): 140–144.
doi: 10.4103/0972-5229.43685 PMCID: PMC2738310

Abstract: With the increased practice of rotary endodontics in recent years, separated rotary nickel - titanium (NiTi) files in root canals is the most commonly reported mishap, causing lot of stress and anxiety among clinicians and patients. In some cases, removal of a fractured instrument is impossible or undesirable. Although integration of modern techniques into endodontic practice has improved the clinician's ability to retrieve separated instrument but removal may not always be possible due to many factors like poor access, visibility, location of the instrument and the amount of dentin to be removed. While keeping these factors in mind, bypassing technique is more effective and conservative...........

Keywords: Separated instrument, bypass, small files, warm vertical compaction.

[1]. Ruddle CJ. Non-surgical retreatment. J Endod, 30(12), 2004 Dec, 827-45.
[2]. Ruddle CJ. Broken instrument removal. The endodontic challenge. Dent Today,21(7),2002 Jul, 70-72, 74, 76.
[3]. Ruddle CJ. Non-surgical retreatment. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, eds. Pathways of the pulp, 8th ed. St Louis: Mosby, 2002, 875–930.
[4]. Ruddle CJ. Micro-endodontic non-surgical retreatment. DentClinNorth Am, 41(3),1997 Jul, 429-54.
[5]. Saunders JL, Eleazer PD, ZhangP, Michalek S. Effect of a separated instrument on bacterial penetration of obturated root canals. J Endod 30(3),2004 Mar, 177-79..

Abstract: Background: Oligohydramnios is a common diagnosis in obstetrics and carries an increased risk of operative interference and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Administration of L-arginine (precursor of nitric oxide) has been suggested to improve amniotic fluid index (AFI) in Oligohydramnios. Objective: To study the effect of L-Arginine in improving AFI and Perinatal outcomes in Oligohydramnios Methods: A Retrospective study was conducted at Pacific Medical College And Hospital,Udaipur consisting of 50 antenatal patients with decreaesd liqour [AFI<8 cm] remote from term. Patients started on L-arginine sachets (3 g, 3 sachets a day) after evaluation of risk factors. The treatment was continued till improvement in liquor was noted................

Keywords: Amniotic fluid index (AFI), Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) L-Arginine(Arg) , Nitric Oxide(NO) , Oligohydramnios

[1]. Underwood MA , Gilbert WM , Sherman MP . Amniotic Fluid :not just fetal urine anymore . J PERINATOL 2005 May ; 25(5):341-348

[2]. Wu G, Bazer FW, Davis TA, Kim SW, Li P, Rhoads JM, Satterfield MC, Smith SB, Spencer TE, et al. Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease. Amino Acids. 2009;37:153–68.

[3]. Wu G, Morris SM, Jr. Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J. 1998;336
[4]. Saxena P. International Journal of gynecology and obstetrics India 2005; 8(5);21-24.
[5]. Viviana DP, Giuseppe C and Fabio F. Clinical use of nitric oxide donors and L-arginine in obstetric. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2007;20(8):569-79.

Abstract: Background: Erythrocyte Osmotic fragility (EOF) is defined as the degree of hemolysis that occurs when RBC are exposed to osmotic stress. EOF depends upon various factors including the RBC cell membrane composition, integrity, cell size, and shape and surface-volume ratios. Objectives Of Study: The present study was conducted to determine the red blood cell membrane physiology in atorvastatin treated rats as evaluated by erythrocyte osmofragility test &, evaluate possible protective role of Co-enzyme Q 10 against atorvastatin induced erythrocyte cell membrane injury...............

Keywords: Erythrocyte Osmotic fragility Atorvastatin Coenzyme Q10 Rats

[1]. Barret KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks H. Ganong`s Review of Medical Physiology, 24th ed. M`c Graw Hill Medical Publishing. New York. 2014:507-8.
[2]. Hall JE. Guyton & Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th ed. Elsevier Saunders. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 2015: 808-18.
[3]. Sinharay M, Chakraborty I, Chakraborty PS. Assessment of methemoglobin concentration, serum nitrate, and nitrite levels and their interrelationships with antioxidant status in the cord blood of neonates born via normal delivery versus neonates delivered by cesarean section in an Indian population. J Clin Neonatol 2015; 4:109-14.
[4]. de Pinieux G, Chariot P, Ammi-Said M, Louarn F, Le Jonc JL, Astier A, et al. Lipid-lowering drugs and mitochondrial function: effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on serum ubiquinone and blood lactate/pyruvate ratios. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 42: 333-337, 1996.
[5]. Balakumar P, Kathuria S, Taneja G, Kalra S, Mahadevan N. Is targeting eNOS a key mechanistic insight of cardiovascular defensive potentials of statins?" J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 12 (2): 1-11

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is one of the non-communicable diseases which have become a major health problem with the prevalence rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. India currently has 62.4 million people with Diabetes and 77.2 million people with pre-Diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide along with other non-communicable diseases. Hence, my study is focused on indentifying the prevalence and risk factors for type 2 Diabetes mellitus in rural field practice area of Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, with the objectives 1. To know the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult population 2. To study the risk factors for diabetes mellitus among adult population................

[1]. Huizinga MM, Rothman RL. Addressing the diabetes pandemic: A comprehensive approach. Indian J Med Res2006;124 : 481-4.
[2]. Unwin N, Whiting D, Guariguata L, Ghyoot G, Gan D, eds. Diabetes Atlas, 5th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation,
2011:11–74.
[3]. Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Datta M, Sudha V, Unnikrishnan R, et al. ICMR–INDIAB Collaborative Study Group:
Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose or/and impaired glucose tolerance) in rural and urban India: Phase
1 results of the Indian Council of Medical Research‑INdiaDIABetes (INDIAB) study. Diabetologia 2011;54:3022‑7.
[4]. World Health Organization [Internet]. Global Health Observatory - Noncommunicable diseases (NCD). 2012 [cited 2012 Feb 6];
Available from: http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/en/index.html.
[5]. American Diabetes Association. Economic Consequences of Diabetes Mellitus in the U.S. in 1997.Diabetes Care 1998;21:296-309

Abstract: Objectives: Tadalafil has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2011 to treat the signs and symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign hyperplasia of prostate(BHP). Tamsulosin is being used to treat LUTS due to BHP. Tadalafilacts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) thereby improving the erectile function by increasing the amount of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosa. This study aims for the comparison of tadalfil with other established drug tamsulosin in Indian population..............

Keywords: Tadalafil is effective in treating the both LUTS and erectile dysfunction.

[1]. Chapple C. Medical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. BMJ 1992; 304: 1198-9.
[2]. Clifford GM, Farmer RDT. Medical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review of the literature. EurUrol 200 AUA Practice
Guidelines Committee.
[3]. AUA guideline on management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Chapter 1: Diagnosis and treatment recommendation. J Urol 2003;
170: 530-47.0; 38:2-19.
[4]. Andersson KE, Lepor H, Wyllie MG. Prostatic alpha 1-adrenoceptors and uroselectivity. Prostate 1997; 30: 202–15.
[5]. Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE. Sexual behavior in the human male. WB Sanders, Philadelphia, 1948

Abstract: The main objective of our study is to describe the pattern of recurrence in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiationat Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, India. Thirty patients treated with Loco-regional recurrence chemoradiation were included. Loco-regional failure volume was defined on the planning at relapse, and dose received was analyzed by use of dose–volume histograms. Loco-regional failure was classified as In-field, Marginal or Out-fields.Median interval time from end of treatment to Loco-regional failure was 29months...............

Keywords: Chemoradiation,Head and neck cancers,In-field, Loco-regional, Marginal, Outfield, Recurrence.

[1]. Indian Council of Medical Research (2013) Consolidated Report of Hospital Based Cancer Registries 2007-2011, Bangalore: NCDIR-NRCP.
[2]. Due AK, Vogelius IR, Aznar M, Bentzen SM, Berthelsen AK, Korreman SS, et al. Recurrences after intensity modulated radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma more likely to originate from regions with high baseline [18F] – FDG uptake. Radiother Oncol.2014;111(3):360-5.

Abstract: Over the last 60 years, India has evolved into an important player in the international arena. During this time, it has achieved a number of accomplishments including becoming a leader in computer and communications technology. Even more impressive, India boasts one of the fastest growing economies in Asia. Despite such progress, 25% of the population lives below the poverty line, 40% of the population is illiterate and approximately 70% of the population live in rural areas and lack access to adequate medical care and support services. Furthermore, India is still very enveloped by cultural standards and norms that have prevailed for hundreds of years. In a society of competing dualisms between rich and poor, urban and rural, developed and undeveloped, it is not hard to imagine

[1]. Afako R, Hartley S, Ojwang P and Wairimu C (2001) Implementation of inclusion education policies in Uganda Centre of International Child Health and Uganda National Institute of Special Education Publication.
[2]. Alant E (1996) Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Developing Countries : Challenge of the Future Journal for Augmentative and Alternative Communication 12 : 1-12
[3]. Alant E (1999) Students with little or no functional speech in schools for students with severe mental retardation in South Africa Journal of Augmentative and Alternative Communication 15: 83 - 92
[4]. Andrade V and Ross E (2005) Beliefs and practices of Black South African traditional healers regarding hearing impairment International Journal of Audiology (44): 489- 499
[5]. Baxter S, Enderby P, Evans P and Judge S ( 2012) Barriers and facilitators to the use of high-technology augmentative and alternative communication devices : a systematic review and qualitative synthesis International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 47 (2): 115-119

Abstract: Cystic lymphangioma of pancreas is a very rare entity1. In 1913, Koch reported the first case of cystic lymphangioma of pancreas1.Lymphangioma usually occurs in the neck, axillary region, and rarely in the mediastinum. Abdominal organs are uncommon sites of origin for lymphangioma1. Of all the lymphangiomas in the peritoneal cavity, about 70% have been found in the mesentery of small intestine2. Pancreas is one of the rarest site & it is to be considered as one of the differential diagnosis among cystic neoplasms of pancreas, pseudocyst of pancreas & also other retroperitoneal cystic tumours.

[1]. Kawaguchi K, Motoi F, Ohtsuka H, Et Al.Cystic Lymphangioma Of The Pancreas With Spontaneous Rupture: Report Of A Case.
Case Rep Gastroenterol 2011;5:288-94
[2]. Kim JH, Ryu WS, Min BW, Et Al. Acquired Omental Cystic Lymphangioma After Subtotalgastrectomy: A Case Report. J
Koreanmed Sci 2009;24:1212-5.
[3]. Fahimi H, Faridi M, Gholamin S, Et Al. Cystic Lymphangioma Of The Pancreas:
[4]. Diagnostic And Therapeutic Challenges.JOP 2010;11:617-9. Erratum In: JOP 2010;11:619.
[5]. Bhavsar T, Saeed-Vafa D, Harbison S,Inniss S. Retroperitoneal Cystic Lymphangioma In An Adult: A Case Report And Review Of
The Literature. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2010

Abstract: The morning glory disc anomaly is congenital excavation of posterior pole that involves the optic disc. The term reflects the morphological similarity to the flower, the morning glory plant. It is a sporadic condition usually unilateral, though bilateral lesions have been reported. Morning glory discs are more common in females (2:1). The pathogenesis of the condition is unknown. One hypothesis argues that the condition results from failure of closure of the fetal fissure and that it is a variant of optic nerve coloboma. Alternatively, a primary mesenchymal abnormality has been postulated on the basis of the glial tuft, the scleral and vascular abnormalities..............

Keywords: Iris coloboma, Optic disc, Morning Glory Syndrome

[1]. Brodsky, M.C. 2010. Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies in Pediatric Neuro-ophthalmology. 2nd ed. New York: Springer.
[2]. Lee, BJ and Traboulsi, EI. 2008. Update on the Morning Glory Disc Anomaly. Ophthalmic Genetics 29:2, p47-52.
[3]. Kindler P. Morning glory syndrome: unusual congenital optic disk anomaly. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970; 69(3):376-384.
[4]. Dovemedcom. 1. DoveMed. [Online]. Availablettp://www.dovemed.com/morninglory-syndrome [Accessed 13 July 2016].)

Abstract: Diabetes is a group of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both .The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction,and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of diabetes These ranges from autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency to abnormalities that results in resistance to insulin action.(1)

[1]. American diabetic association.Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic care.2012 Jan;s64-s71.
[2]. Barbagallo M, Domingurz LJ, Galioto A, Cani C,Malfa Let al.Role of magnesium in insulin action, diabetes and cardio-metabolic syndrome X. Mol Aspects Med.2003 Feb-Jun;24(1-3):39-52.
[3]. Rude RK. Magnesium deficiency and diabetes mellitus-cause and effects. Postgrad Med J.1992 Oct;92(5):217-24.
[4]. Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham SV, Miller JM, Pham PT. Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Clin J AM Soc Nephrol.2007 Mar;2(2):366-373.
[5]. Walti MK, Zimmermann MB, Spinas GA, Hurrell RF.Low plasma magnesium in type 2 diabetes.Swiss Med Wkly.2003 May;133(19-20):289-92

Abstract: Self-Inflicted or Fabricated injuries are a major problem which the doctors are facing during their duty. No authentic criteria has been so far devised to level an injury as fabricated one. Out of total 1056 cases of assault resulting in mechanical injuries which were examined in Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab 156 cases were diagnosed as being fabricated injuries sustained to support false charges of assault. In the present study an attempt has been made to collect the various parameters of fabricated-injuries which may be quite helpful to the doctors, lawyers, judiciary and other law enforcing agencies.

Keywords: Fabricated injury , Self-inflicted injury, Fictitious injuries, Grievous Hurt.

[1]. Subrahmanyam, BV,Modi's Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology,22th Edition, Butterworths. 2001 Page 386-388.,
[2]. Parikh, CK:,Mechanical injuries-Self inflicted wounds,Injuries – Medicoloegal aspects,Parikh's textbook of medical jurisprudence
and toxicology,VIth Edition. C.B.S. Publsihers and distributors, 2014 , pp. 229-231.
[3]. Orian,C:,Self injurious behavior as a habit and its treatment.,Am. J. of Clinical Hypnosis Vol.32 (1) July, ,Imperial Printing
Company, ST Joseph, Michigan, 1989, 49-85.
[4]. Reddy, KSN:,The essentials of forensic medicine and toxicology,Mechanical injuries.,33th Edition K.Sungun Devi, Malakbet,
Hyderabad 2014,,p.3,4,134, 151.
[5]. Phillips, RH and Muzaffer, A:,Some aspects of self-mutilation in the general population of a large psychiatric hospital,Psychiatric
Quarterly,1961, 35 : 421-423.

Abstract: Objective: Septal deviation being one of the common nasal pathology has strong association with chronic alveolar hypoxia. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) is a widely used marker for chronic hypoxia. This study aims at establishing a relation between septal deviation and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and its effect on surgical correction of deviated septum. Materials and Methods: Ninety-eight patients with symptomatic nasal septal deviation were enrolled for the study and operated. Pre-operative and post-operative Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) was noted .Comparative multivariate analyses between indicator factors and septal deviation were conducted...............

Keywords: Airway obstruction, Deviated nasal septum (DNS), Hypoxia, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV).

[1]. Sipila J, Suonpaa J. A prospective study using rhinomanometry and patient clinical satisfaction to determine if objective measurements of nasal airway resistance can improve the quality of septoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1997;254(8):387–90.
[2]. Sagit M, Korkmaz F, Kavugudurmaz M, Somdas MA. Impact of septoplasty on mean platelet volume levels in patients with marked nasal septal deviation. J Craniofac Surg 2012; 23(4):974-976.
[3]. Kapsoritakis AN, Koukourakis MI, Sfiridaki A, Potamianos SP, Kosmadaki MG, Koutroubakis IE, et al. Mean platelet volume: a useful marker of inflammatory bowel disease activity. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96(3): 776-781.
[4]. Kisacik B, Tufan A, Kalyoncu U, Karadag O, Akdogan A, Ozturk MA, et al. Mean platelet volume (MPV) as an inflammatory marker in
[5]. ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2008; 75(3):291-294.

Abstract: Objective: Tinnitus is a very common complaint and affects 7% of population and has been associated with a range of physical and emotional disorders. There are several modalities of treating tinnitus, but with doubtful response. For patients with no response to conventional treatment studies have proven various drugs injected intra-tympanically proved effective. This study aims at comparing the effectiveness of intra-tympanic Dexamethasone over 4% Lignocaine in treatment of tinnitus by comparing of pre-treatment OAE's, THI and VAS with post treatment OAE's, THI and VAS of patients with tinnitus...............

Keywords: Dexamethasone, Intra-tympanic injection, Lignocaine, OtoAcoustic Emissions (OAE), Tinnitus.

[1]. The Lancet. Elsevier inc. volume 352, no. 91411,p1716, 21 November 1998.
[2]. Yvonne chan. Tinnitus: etiology, classification, characteristics, and treatment. Discovery medicine. 10 October 2009.

[3]. R. Salvi, E. Lobarinas, and W. Sun. Pharmacological treatments for tinnitus: new and old. Drugs Future. 2009 ; 34(5): 381–400. doi:10.1358/dof.2009.034.05.1362442.

[4]. Laurikainen EA, Johansson RK, Kileny PR. Effects of intratympanically delivered lidocaine on the auditory system in humans. Ear Hear. 1996 Feb;17(1):49-54.
[5]. Jastreboff,P.J.(1990).Phantomaudi- toryperception(tinnitus):mecha- nismsofgenerationandperception. Neurosci.Res. 8, 221–254.

Abstract: International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines Pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain has now been equated to a fifth vital sign highlighting the significance of pain management in patient care. Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic which is structurally related to codeine and morphine. It is effectively used to treat moderate to severe acute and chronic pain in diverse conditions. Tramadol is placed on the second step of WHO analgesic ladder and in contrast to traditional opioids..............

Keywords: Tramadol, Analgesic, Pain, Cyclo-oxygenase, Adverse Effects

[1]. Kowaluk E A, Arneric S P, Williams M. Opportunities in pain therapy beyond the opioids and NSAIDS. Emerging Drugs. 1998; 3: 1 - 37.
[2]. Strong J, Unruh A M, Wright A. Pain a textbook for therapists. 2nd ed. UK: Harcourt publisher; 2003. p. 4 - 5.
[3]. Marco P. The neurological basis of pain. 1st ed. USA: McGraw Hills; 2005. p. 3 - 4.
[4]. Paul FS, Epstein JB. Oral complication and its management. New York: Oxford University press; 2010. p. 246 - 48.
[5]. Lemke T L, Williams DA, Roche V, Zito W. Principles of medicinal chemistry. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Liincots Williams and wilkins; 2010. p. 954 - 55.

Abstract: Introduction: Alopecia Areata (AA) is a non – scarring inflammatory hair loss disease that can affect men, women and children. Though multiple modality of treatment are available, topical therapy is preferable in view of fewer side effects, Hence this study was carried out to see the responses of two topicalmodalities of therapy. Materials And Methods:- Patients presenting with AA, to our dermatology department during the month of june 2016 were recruited.The two topical modalities were tried and results were analysed at the end of 3 month study period. (July, August, September) 2016. Results And Conclusion:- Acceptable regrowth of hair was seen in equal number of patients treated with Betasalic ointment and 5% minoxidil. The two modalities may be considered in the therapy of alopecia areata as the adverse effect was noticed was transient.

[1]. Wadhwa SL, Khopkar U. Hair and Scalp disorders. In: Valia RG ED. IADVL Textbook and Atlas of Dermatology. 2nded. Bhalani Publishing House, 2001: 1: 733- 737.
[2]. Dawber RPR, Berker Ode, Wgnarowska F. Disorders of hair, In: Champion RH, Burton JL. Burns DA. et al, eds. Textbook of Dermatology. 6thed. Oxford, England: Blackwell Science, 1998: 3: 2919- 2927.
[3]. Madani S. and Shapiro J. Alopecia areata an update. J Am Acad ofDermatol 2000; 42: 549 – 565.
[4]. Wilma FB. Hair disorders. In: Moschella and Hurley eds. Textbook of dermatology, 3rded. Saunders 2: 1545-6.
[5]. Elsie AO. Hair disorders. In: Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, et al. Fitzpatricks Dermatology in General Medicine, McGraw Hill, 5th ed. 1: 737 - 9.

Abstract: The dentists skill lies in applying the principles of retention, stability and support efficiently in critical situations like atrophic ridges.A severely resorbed maxilla poses a clinical challenge for fabrication of a successful complete denture.This article describes a novel method for fabrication of hollow maxillary complete denture in a patient with resorbed maxillary ridge with increased interridge distance which reduces the weight of the prosthesis and thereby enhances the retention. It includes a laboratory procedure using silicon putty as a spacer to ensure an even thickness of acrylic around the cavity and uses only one flask without fabrication of another heat cure denture base.

Keywords: Retention, Stability, Support,Severely resorbed maxillary ridge, Hollow maxillary denture, Silicon putty.

[1]. Fattore LD, Fine L, Edmonds DC. The hollow denture: an alternative treatment for atrophic maxillae. J Prosthet Dent 1988;59:514-
6
[2]. Atwood DA. Some clinical factors related to rate of resorption of residual ridges.JProsthetDent 1962; 12 (3) : 441-450
[3]. elMahdy AS. Processing a hollow obturator. J Prosthet Dent 1969;22:682-6.
[4]. Brown KE. Fabrication of a hollow-bulb obturator. J Prosthet Dent 1969;21:97-103.
[5]. O'Sullivan M. The hollow maxillary complete denture:a modified technique. J Prosthet Dent 2004;91:591–594

Abstract: Introduction: Facial paralysis patients often present with many secondary problems which leads to a number of possible algorithms in their treatment. In cases where the patient is unresponsive to, or cannot undergo, medical treatment, facial reanimation techniques are often employed. Used in the proper situation with the proper category of patient, static facial suspension methods are extremely effective. In this report, we discuss the fascia lata static suspension technique and its capability of reanimation of a facial paralysis patient.

Keywords: Bell Palsy, Facial Nerve Injuries, Facial Paralysis, Fascia Lata, Facial reanimation, Fascia Lata sling

[1]. Volk F. G, Pantel M, Guntinal-Lichius O. Modern concepts in facial nerve reconstruction. Head Face Med. 2010; 6: 25.
[2]. Mehta P. R, Surgical treatment of facial paralysis. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 March; 2(1): 1-5.
[3]. Tomat LR, Manktelow RT. Evaluation of a new measurement tool for facial paralysis reconstruction.Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 Mar;115(3):696-704.
[4]. Rose E. Autogenous fascia lata grafts: Clinical applications in reanimation of the totally or partially paralyzed face. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 116: 20, 2005.
[5]. Dzwierzynski WW, Sanger JR, Larson DL. Use of Mitek suture anchors in head and neck reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 1997;38(5):449–454.

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease was first identified more than 100 years ago, but 70 years passed before it was recognized as the most common cause of dementia and treated as killing instrument. Alzheimer's disease generally emerges in old age beyond 65 years and mostly in 85 years symbolising deterioration of cognitive functions such as remembering, reasoning, and planning and the like. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer's disease results from an increase in the production or accumulation of a specific protein (beta-amyloid protein) in the brain that leads to death of nerve cells. It slowly destroys reminiscence and thoughtful skills, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks..............

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, cholinergic hypothesis, Amyloidal hypothesis, Tau hypothesis, neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaque.

[1]. Alzheimer's A. Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2012; 8: 131–68.
[2]. Anand R, Gill KD, Mahdi AA, Therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease Past, present and future, Neuropharmacology, 76, 2014, 27–50.
[3]. De Boni V, Crapper McLachean, Senile Dementia and Alzheimer's disease A current view, Life Science, 27, 1980, 1-14.
[4]. DeHaan W, van der Flier WM, Koene T, Smits LL, Scheltens P, Stam CJ, Disrupted modular brain dynamics reflect cognitive
dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, Neuroimage, 59(30), 2012, 85–93.
[5]. Querfurth HW, LaFerla FM, Alzheimer's disease, New England Journal of Medicine 362, 2010, 32944.

Abstract: Detection of early pregnancy in an injured patient remains a constant diagnostic challenge to emergency care providers (ECP) as history taking and physical examination may be insufficient for diagnosis. An emergency care provider working in a busy emergency department can easily miss the diagnosis of pregnancy, resulting in exposure of the fetus to radiation that may be detrimental. Early detection of pregnancy will allow ECP to take necessary steps to minimise the radiation exposure to both the mother and fetus in the course of managing the injured patient...............

Keywords: Emergency department, Fetal radiation, Missed Diagnosis, Teenage pregnancy

[1]. Einav S, Sela HY, Weiniger CF. Management and outcomes of trauma during pregnancy. Anesthesiol Clin. 2013; 31(1):141-56.
[2]. Barraco RD, Simon BJ, Weiss PM, Chiu WC, Clancy TV, Como JJ, et al. Practice management guidelines for the diagnosis and
management of injury in the pregnant patient: the EAST practice management guidelines work group. The Journal of Trauma. 2010;
69(1):211-214.
[3]. Causey AL, Seago K,Wahl NG, Voelker CL. Pregnant adolescents in the emergency department: diagnosed and not diagnosed. Am J
Emerg Med. 1997 Mar; 15(2):125-9.
[4]. American College of Radiology. Guideline for imaging pregnant or potentially pregnant adolescents and women with ionizing
radiation. Am Coll Radiol. 2008; 26:23–37.
[5]. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Preconception and prenatal radiation exposure: Health effects and
protective guidance, Report No.174. 2013.

Abstract: Tobacco use, in smoked and smokeless forms is a common social habit in India. The oral cavity is prone to a lot of changes owing to age related changes,certain habits (social and cultural) and environmental factors. A study was conducted in villages between Lucknow and Kanpur district. A total of 2551 subjects were recruited in the study. Data was gathered as a chair-side procedure which involved oral examination with sterilized equipment and questionnaire administration...............

Keywords: Leukoplakia, Lichen Planus, Oral submucous fibrosis, prevalence, tobacco use

[1]. Gururaj G, Girish N. Tobacco use amongst children in Karnataka. Indian J Pediatr. 2007;74:1095-8.
[2]. Singh A, Ladusingh L. Prevalence and Determinants of Tobacco Use in India: Evidence from Recent Global Adult Tobacco Survey Data. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12):e114073
[3]. G. Thomas, M. Hashibe, B. J. Jacob et al., "Risk factors for multiple oral premalignant lesions," International Journal of Cancer,vol.107,no.2,pp.285–291,2003
[4]. M. Hashibe, B. Mathew, B. Kuruvilla et al., "Chewing tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of erythroplakia," Cancer Epidemiology BiomarkersandPrevention,vol.9,no.7,pp.639–645,2000.
[5]. Saraswati TR, Ranganathan K, Shanmugam S, SowmyaRamesh, Narasimhan PD, Gunaseelan R. Prevalence of oral lesions in relation to habits: Cross sectional study in south India. Indian J Dent Res 2006;17:121-5.

Abstract: It has been observed that the root canal treatment for the preservation of tooth having periapical pathology has shown over 90% of success whereas in the case where the canal is calcified, perforated, ledge is formed, and cases where symptoms still exist after treatment, endodontic treatment may not be the solution in attaining a successful treatment. Thus Apisectomy would generally be done to prevent the loss of tooth having a periapical lesion where treatment prognosis is poorly evaluated by endodontic treatment. In following case endodontic treatment was applied due to a consistent radiolucent lesion in periapical area but the symptoms did not show improvement and therefore apisectomy was performed and an alloplastic bone graft was used to aid in a rapid bone formation.

Keywords: Apisectomy, Bone Graft, Mineral trioxide aggregate.

[1]. Gutmann JL: Perspectives on root-end resection Hist Dent 47:135,1999.
[2]. Briggs PF, Scott BJ: Evidence-based dentistry: endodontic failure–how should it be managed? Br Dent J 183:159,1997.
[3]. Hepworth MJ, Friedman S: Treatment outcome of surgical and non-surgical management of endodontic failures. J Can Dent Assoc (Tor) 63:364, 1997.

Abstract: Apexification using Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is proven to be more advantageous when compared to the conventional calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) technique owing to the fewer visits required for the treatment and also MTA causing no significant mechanical harm to dentin properties. Limited literature is available on the outcome of MTA apexification. The present case report illustrates successful root closure of a necrotic immature tooth where MTA was used as an apexification material. The current case depicts an immature left maxillary central incisor that underwent pulpal necrosis due to trauma 12 years back. A conventional root canal treatment was initiated with placement of MTA apical plug followed by gutta percha obturation. Initiation of root apex formation was seen after 3 months and a complete root closure was achieved after 12 months.

Keywords: Apexification, Mineral trioxide aggregate

[1]. Linsuwanont P. MTA Apexification Combined With Conventional Root Canal Retreatment Aust Endod J. 2003;29:45-9.
[2]. El Meligy OA, Avery DR. Comparison of apexification with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide. Pediatr Dent. 2006
28:248-53.
[3]. Erdem AP, Sepet E Mineral trioxide aggregate for obturation of maxillary central incisors with necrotic pulp and open apices. Dent
Traumatol. 2008;24:e38-41.
[4]. FLORATOS SG, TSATSOULIS IN, KONTAKIOTIS EG. APICAL BARRIER FORMATION AFTER INCOMPLETE ORTHOGRADE MTA APICAL
PLUG PLACEMENT IN TEETH WITH OPEN APEX - REPORT OF TWO CASES. BRAZ DENT J. 2013;24:163-6
[5]. Katsamakis S, Slot DE, Van der Sluis LW, Van der Weijden F. Histological responses of the periodontium to MTA: a systematic
review. J Clin Periodontol. 2013;40:334-44.

Abstract: Introduction: Lymphangioma of the spleen is a very rare entity in adults, we therefore deemed it necessary to share this finding with colleagues and highlight the diagnostic challenges inherent in arriving at a preoperative diagnosis. Case presentation: A 26 year old female presented to the surgical outpatient department of the hospital with a history of left upper abdominal swelling of 14 years duration. The spleen was markedly enlarged on abdominal examination extending from the left hypochondrium to the right iliac fossa. An abdominal ultrasound also revealed a massively enlarged and echogenic spleen with multiple lobulations and multicystic areas, extending from the left hypochondrium, to just above the uterus with no calcification...............

Keywords: splenomegaly, lymphangioma, splenectomy, hypochondrium, swelling.

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[4]. Chung SH, Park YS, Jo YJ, Kim SH, Jun DW, Son BK, Jung JY et al. Asymptomatic lymphangioma involving the spleen and retroperitoneum in adults. World JGastroenterol, 15, 2009, 620–623.
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Abstract: Introduction: Body bequest is an informed and free act of giving one's whole body after death for medical education and research. Hence a steady supply of cadavers is essential to meet that requirement. Methodology: Profile of 98 voluntarily donated / unclaimed cadavers were studied through a 11 year period at our institution. Age, sex and other data were noted and analysed statistically. Results: An increase in donation was observed from 2014 through 2016. More male (69.39%) cadavers were donated than females (30.61%). However both youngest (30 years) and oldest (95 years) cadavers were males...............

Keywords: Body bequest, Body donation, Cadavers, Dissection.

[1]. Rokade SA, Bahetee BH. Body donation A review.Medical J Western India. 2013; 41(1):36-41.
[2]. Peddawad RG, Manghani PR, Chikhalkar BG. Body Donation: Legal Aspects, Procedures and Precauations. Indian J of Forensic
and Community Medicine, 2015;2(4):234-241.
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Delhi, 1999; 724-27.
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[5]. Medical Council of India. Medical Council of India Regulations on Graduate Medical Education 1997

Abstract: Although pain control remains the cornerstone of any oral and dental procedure, prolonged local anesthetic effects may be undesirable in many instances in dental clinical practice. Soft tissue anesthesia can lead to uncontrolled drooling, patient's perceived sense of altered appearance, self inflicted injuries and thermal or chemical burns. Phentolamine mesylate, a nonselective α adrenergic blocking drug is the first therapeutic agent marketed for the reversal of soft tissue anaesthesia and the associated functional deficits resulting from an intraoral submucosal injection of a local anaesthetic containing a vasoconstrictor. This article reviews the indications, recommended dosage, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, complications and adverse effects of phentolamine mesylate for the reversal of soft tissue anesthesia.

Keywords: Anaesthesia reversal, phentolamine mesylate, α adrenergic block

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