iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2017

Abstract: Although diabetes is a multi systemic disorder its pulmonary involvement is not extensively studied. Pathoanatomical studies in diabetic patients have represented changes in basal lamina of alveolar epithelium and capillaries. This study was undertaken to find out the correlation between duration of DM and PFTs in patients who attended or admitted to medical OPD or wards of government Rajaji hospital. Aims And Objectives: The present study is conducted to find the relation between duration of diabetes and its impairment of pulmonary function tests (PFT) in Type 2 DM patients. Study Population: One hundred diabetic patients previously diagnosed, belonging to either sex attending / admitting to OPD/wards of Govt. Rajaji hospital, Madurai...........

[1]. Sreeja. K, Elizabeth Samuel, C.Keshavachandran, Pulmonary functions in patients with DM. Indian Journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2003; 47 (1) : 87 – 93.
[2]. Davis Timothy ME, Mathew Knuimann, Peter Kendall, Reduced pulmonary function and its association in type-2 Diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2000; 50: 152-159.
[3]. Walter R, Beiser A, Rachel J et.al., Association between glycemic state and lung function. The Framingham Heart Study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2003 ; (167) : 911-916.
[4]. Larsen , Kronenberg , Melmed and et. al., Williams textbook of endocrinology. 10th Edition. Elsevier India Publisher, 2003; page no.1428-1431.
[5]. Levitzky M G .Pulmonary physiology.McGraw.Hill Inc.Singapore. 1995,4.ed.th

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem with India contributing more than 40% of the total infected population. TB among children is important for health care professionals since it is an indicator of the recent transmission of TB in the community. iagnosis of TB among children may be more challenging in resource-poor settings. Clinical presentation may depend on the epidemiological situation of TB. Diagnostic methods followed for childhood TB may vary depending on the available resources in the health-care setting. The present study aims to analyse the clinical profile of children with tuberculosis and determine factors that can aid in diagnosis.Clinical and epidemiological features associated with different types of TB were analyzed............

[1]. Goya A, Shah I , Patankar N,Chilkar S. Clinical profile of children with pulmonary Tuberculosis. Clinical epidemiology and global health 2. 2014; 24-27.
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Tuberculosis Control 2008: Surveillance, Planning, Financing. WHO/HTM/TB/2008.393. Geneva: WHO; 2008. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/ global_report/2008/en/index.html.
[3]. Sancjez-Albisua I, Vidal LML, del Castillo Mf, Borque C,
[4]. Garcia-Miguel MJ, Garcia-Hortelano J. Pulmonary tuberculosis in children: its age-dependent aspects. Esp Pediatr. 1998 Mar;48(3):251e255.
[5]. Heymann SJ, Brewer TF, Wilson ME, Colditz GA, Fineberg HV: Pediatric tuberculosis: what needs to be done to decrease morbidity and mortality. Pediatrics. 2000, 106: E1-10.1542/peds.106.1.e1.

Abstract: Background: The course of COPD is associated with exacerbations. There are many factors responsible for exacerbations. According to recent study one of the modifiable risk factor is hypomagnesemia. The purpose of this study is to confirm the association between serum magnesium levels and acute exacerbation of COPD. Aims and objectives: To study the association of serum Magnesium level with acute exacerbation and also to know the relationship between Serum Magnesium levels and frequency of exacerbations. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 100 COPD patients in Govt. Stanley Medical College hospital from March 2016 to August 2016. A detailed history was elicited, clinical examination and all required investigations were done in all cases. Patients with age above 40 years only included and patients associated with other conditions producing hypo or hypermagnesemia were excluded from this study..............

Keywords: COPD, Exacerbation, Magnesium, Smokers, Anthonisen's criteria.

[1]. John J.Reilly, Jr.,Edwin K.Silverman, Steven.D.Shapiro: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Harrison's Internal Medicine 19th edition, 2015. 1700.
[2]. Surya Prakash Bhatt, Pooja Khandelwal, Sudip Nanda, Jill C, Stoltzfus, Gloria T. Fioravanty: Serum Magnesium is an independent predictor of frequent readmissions due to acute exacerbations of COPD, Science direct.com, Respiratory Medicine: July 2008, Vol 102(7): 999-1003.
[3]. Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Murray RP. Smoking and lung function of Lung Health Study participants after 11 years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2002;166:675.

Abstract: Introduction: Glaucoma is recognized as a major cause of ocular morbidity. About 60.5 million people are affected by glaucoma Worldwide. Raised intra-ocular pressure (IOP) remains a strong risk factor and it has been shown that the higher the IOP at presentation, the greater the risk of developing POAG (primary open angle glaucoma)Medical treatment is the first line of management and includes the use of several classes of topical agents. Methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative-efficacy study included sixty patients of primary open angle glaucoma. Efficacy was assessed as the change in IOP from baseline, visual acuity and visual field analysis for every 2 weeks for six months. Safety was assessed with adverse event rates, Ocular irritation, Ocular pain, Blurring of vision..............

Keywords : Glaucoma, Timolol, Dorzolamide, safety and efficacy.

[1]. H A Quigley, A T Broman. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020.
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[3]. Congdon N, O'Colmain B, Klaver CC, Klein R, Munoz B, Friedman DS, et al. Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United
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[5]. Thylefors DS, Negrel AD, Pararajasegaram R, Dadzie KY. Global data on blindness. Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73:115–21. [PMCID: PMC2486591] [PubMed: 7704921]

Abstract: Background: PPH, the leading cause of maternal death worldwide is almost entirely a preventable condition. The majority of these deaths occur within 4 hours of delivery, which indicates that they are a consequence of the third stage of labour. Aims and Objectives: To compare the effect of Rectal Misoprostol and IM Oxytocin in prevention of post partum haemorrhage. Patients and Methods: An open labelled, prospective, randomised observational study was carried out in GMH, Hyderabad. 200 pregnant women in active labour, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. As a part of active management of third stage of labour , 10 IU of IM oxytocin and 600μg of rectal misoprostol were given to control and study groups of 100 each respectively. Paired t test to compare within the group and unpaired t test for intergroup analysis was used, with level of significance 0.05.............

Keywords: Maternal mortality, Misoprostol, Oxytocin, , Post partum haemorrhage

[1]. Fenton JJ, Baumeister LM, Fogarty J. Active management of third stage of labour among American Indian women. Fam Med. 2005;37(6):410–4.
[2]. Justus Hofmeyr G, Sandra Ferreira V, Nikodem C, et al. Misoprostol for treating post partum hemorrhage: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN72263357]. BMC Pregnancy childbirth. 2004;4:16.
[3]. AbouZahr C. Global burden of maternal death and disability. Br Med Bull 2003;67:1–11.
[4]. Reynders FC, Senten L, Tjalma W, Jacquemyn Y. Postpartum hemorrhage: practical approach to a life-threatening complication. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2006;33:81–4.
[5]. Subtil D, Sommé A, Ardiet E, Depret-Mosser S. [Postpartum hemorrhage: frequency, consequences in terms of health status, and risk factors before delivery]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2004;33(8 Suppl):4S9–4S16.

Abstract: Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly that generally presents in the first month of life. According to recent reports, incidence of adult malrotation is upto 1% 1. Carcinoma of the colon, on the other hand, is the third most common cancer. Reports of carcinoma of the colon in adults with malrotation are rare.

Keywords: Intestinal malrotation, carcinoma colon.

[1]. Adams SD, Stanton MP. Malrotation and intestinal atresias. Early Hum Dev. 2014;90(12):921–925. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.09.017
[2]. L. Amaral, R. Quintanilha, L. Bernardo, T. Eloi, F. Bento, and V. Santos, "Intestinal malrotation in the elderly," American Surgeon, vol. 75, no. 7, pp. 631–633, 2009.
[3]. E. T. Durkin, D. P. Lund, A. F. Shaaban, M. J. Schurr, and S. M. Weber, "Age-related differences in diagnosis and morbidity of intestinal malrotation," Journal of the American College of Surgeons, vol. 206, no. 4, pp. 658–663, 2008.
[4]. O. F. Emanuwa, A. A. Ayantunde, and T. W. Davies, "Midgut malrotation first presenting as acute bowel obstruction in adulthood: a case report and literature review," World Journal of Emergency Surgery, vol. 6, no. 1, article 22, 2011.
[5]. J. L. Kantor, "Anomalies of the colon," Radiology, vol. 23, pp. 651–662, 1934.

Abstract: Background: Pulmonary complications are common in patients with Leukemia. The most common pulmonary manifestations is infection with bacterial or opportunistic organisms. Aim: To observe pulmonary manifestations in patients with leukemia. Materials & Methods: 123 Patients with Leukemia were taken into the study. Sputum analysis, chest x-ray and CT chest were done in all patients. Results: A total of 123 patients were recruited in our study, among them 42 patients were male and 81 patients were female. The highest incidence of Leukemia was noted in 16-30 years age group. Among 123 patients 60 had no abnormal defect, 57 had parenchymal infiltrate..........

Keywords: Leukemia, Parenchymal infiltrate, Bacterial Pneumonia, Fungal pneumonia

[1]. Kumar L, Kochupillai V and Bhujwala RA. Infections In acute leukemia: A study of 184 febrile episodes. JAPI 1992; 40:18-20.
[2]. S. Ewig, A. Torres, R. Riquelme, M. El-Ebiary, M. Rovira, E. Carreras, A. Raño, A. Xaubet. Pulmonary complications in patients with hematological malignancies treated at a respiratory ICU. Eur Respir J 1998; 12: 116–122.
[3]. Sarah P. Georgiadou, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis. Concurrent lung infections in patients with hematological malignancies and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: how firm is the aspergillus diagnosis? Journal of Infection (2012) xx, 1-7
[4]. A Rañó, C Agustí, P Jimenez, J Angrill, N Benito, C Danés, J González,M Rovira, T Pumarola, A Moreno, A Torres. Pulmonary infiltrates in non-HIV immunocompromised patients: a diagnostic approach using non-invasive and bronchoscopic procedures. Thorax 2001; 56:379–387.
[5]. Livio Pagano et al. Infections caused by filamentous fungi in patients with hematologic malignancies. A report of 391 cases by . Livio Pagano et al. Infections caused by filamentous fungi in

Abstract: Spigelian hernia is a rare abdominal hernia, occurring through the spigelian aponeurosis, Named after Adriaen Van den Spigehel, an anatomist from Belgium who described the fascial defects associated with this rare herniaMost of the Spigelian hernia occurs in the lower abdomen where posterior sheath is deficient. The hernia ring is well defined defect in the transverse aponeurosis. Good clinical examination can detect this entity. The hernia may be intra-parietal with no obvious mass on inspection or palpation. The Spigelian hernia have been repaired by both conventional and laparoscopic approaches. it carries a significant risk of incarceration and strangulation

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[2]. Larson DW, Farley DR. spigelian hernias: repair and outcome for 81 patients. World J Surg 2002oct;26(10):1277-1281.
[3]. MolesMorenilla L, DocoboDurantez F, Mena Robles J, de Quinta Frutos R. Spigelian hernia in spain. An analysis of 162 cases.RevEspEnferm Dig 2005;97:338-347.
[4]. D I Vos; M R M Scheltinga. Incidence and outcome of surgical repair of spigelian hernia. The British journal of surgery 2004;91(5):640-4.
[5]. Weiss Y, Lernauoz, Nissan S. Spigelian hernia.AnnSurg.1974;180:836-839.

Abstract: Introduction: To study about Prevalence Of Dyslipidemia, Metabolic Syndrome Among Hiv Infected Patients Using Haart. Aims And Objective: To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia in HIV infected population and the individual components of metabolic syndrome as well as characteristics of lipid profiles among these patients Materials And Methods: The study conducted in Government Stanley medical college and hospital from March – July 2015. Statistical analysis : The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Microsoft Excel 2007...........

Keywords: HAART ,Metabolic syndrome ,dyslipidemia ,CD4 count.

[1]. Grover SA, Coupal L, Gilmore N, Mukherjee J. Impact of dyslipidemia associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy on cardiovascular risk and life expectancy. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Mar 1;95(5):586–91. [PubMed]
[2]. www.scielosp.org/pdf/aiss/v47n/v47npdf
[3]. Barbaro G: Metabolic and cardiovascular complications of highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection,Curr HIV Res 2006, 4:79-85. PubMed

[4]. Biron A, Bobin-Dubigeon C, Volteau C, Piroth L, Perre P, Leport C, Prazuck T, Jovelin T, Billard M, Sebille V, et al.: Metabolic syndrome in French HIV-infected patients: Prevalence and predictive factors after 3 years of antiretroviral therapy.

[5]. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012, 28:1672-1678. PubMed

Abstract: Physiological and biochemical changes that occur normally during physical exercise are profound. Intraocular pressure varies throughout the day and night. Henceforth, the diurnal variation for normal eyes is between 3 mmHg and 6 mmHg and the variation tends to increase in glaucomatous eyes. This study was conducted on 40 subjects at Punjabi University, Patiala between 3pm to 6pm. IOP was measured before and after exercise in 40 subjects (20 male, 20 female) with no ocular abnormality or any other systemic abnormality on subjects of age ranging from 17-24 years by using Schiotz tonometer. Weight, height, blood pressure and body mass index was calculated..........

Keywords: Intraocular pressure, physical exercise, schiotz tonometer.

[1]. Schoetzau, MS; Claudia Zawinka, MD;Josef Flammer, MD; Selim Orgul, MD in Arch Opthalmol. 2007; 125:740-74.
[2]. Stewart Duke-Elder, Parsons Diseases of the Eye 12th edition: Churchill, London; 1954: 270-288.
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[4]. Hilton E; Effects of exercise on ocular health. Exerc-eyes, 2003: 45-49.Available fromhttp://www.sportvision.co.uk/pdf/articleexerceyes.pdf.
[5]. Risner D, Ehrlich R, Kheradiya NS, Siesky B, McCranor L, Harris A; Effects of exercise on intraocular pressure and ocular blood flow: a review. J Glaucoma, 2009; 18(6): 429-436.

Abstract: Dry eye is a condition which is normaly underdiagnosed. It is a multifactorial disease of tears and ocular surface and varies in severity, duration, with varied etiology. It is not sight threatening but irritating so finding correct factors which causes dry eye needs to be removed as elimination of such factors lead to marked improvement and may cure as it results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability with potential damage to ocular surface. So doing tests to properly assess and grade and treat accordingly is the need of the hour because if not properly diagnosed and treated it can cause sight threatening complications. Background and objectives: A prospective study was conducted to assess the dry eye in a tertiary care hospital of north india. Along with assessment of dry eye with OSDI questionnaire and various tests were done to grade dry eye............

Keywords: OSDI; Schirmer's ; Rose Bengal; Tear break up time.

[1]. Begley C G et al. The Relationship between habitual patient reports symptoms and clinical signs among patients with dry eye of varying severity. Invest Ophthalmol Vi Sci 2003;44:4753-61.
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[3]. International Dry Eye Workshop Subcommittee. The Definition and Classification of Dry Eye Disease Workshop DEWS. Ocul Surf 2007;5:75-97.
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Abstract: Dengue fever has a wide geographical distribution, and can present with a diverse clinical spectrum. Recent observations indicate that the clinical profile of dengue is changing, and that neurological manifestations are being reported more frequently. The exact incidence of various neurological complications is uncertain.This study is undertaken to evaluate common modes of clinical presentation and neurological complications in our hospital and correlate these features with lab findings which may help us in early diagnosis and better case management to reduce mortality. Results were analysed and discussed. In conclusion, critically ill children with dengue may have varied manifestations. Most complications such as established and refractory shock, diastolic dysfunction, abdominal compartment syndrome, DIC, ARDS were more frequent in severe established shock. Neurological events, for the most part, were unrelated to the perfusion status.

[1]. Pancharoen C, Thisyakorn U. Neurological manifestations in dengue patients. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2001; 32:341-5.
[2]. Koley TK, Jain S, Sharma H, Kumar S, Mishra S, Gupta MD, et al. Dengue encephalitis. J Assoc Physicians India 2003;51:422-3.
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[4]. Jackson ST, Mullings A, Bennett F, Khan C, Gordon-Strachan G, Rhoden T. Dengue infection in patients presenting with neurological manifestations in a dengue endemic population. West Indian Med J 2008;57:373-6
[5]. Koley TK, Jain S, Sharma H, Kumar S, Mishra S, Gupta MD, et al. Dengue encephalitis. J Assoc Physicians India 2003;51:422-3.

Abstract: Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the commonest infections impinging morbidity in all age groups. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global problem among uropathogens, resulting in therapeutic failure. Objectives: To investigate the spectrum of uropathogens, their in vitro susceptibility to fosfomycin and to the commonly used antibiotics, and also to determine the prevalence of various antibiotic resistance patterns among the cultured uropathogens. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted prospectively in the department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital from April 2017 to July 2017. A total of 1797 non-duplicate urine samples obtained from clinically suspected UTI patients were included in the study. Antibiotic sensitivity testing and detection of various resistance phenotypes was done as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.............

Keywords: Uropathogen, fosfomycin, ESBL, CRE.

[1]. Sultan A, Rizvi M, K han F, Sami H, Shukla I, K han HM. Increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens: Is fosfomycin the answer? Urol Ann 2015;7:26-30
[2]. Hoban DJ, Nicolle LE, Hawser S, Bouchillon S, Badal R. Antimicrobial susceptibility of global inpatient urinary tract isolates of Escherichia coli: results from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) program:2009-2010. DiagnMicrobiol Infect Dis. 2011;70:507–11. [3]. Ratna AK, Menon I, Kapur I, Kulkarni R. Occurrence & detection of AmpC beta-lactamases at a referral hospital in Karnataka. Indian J Med Res 2003;118:29-32.
[4]. Sabharwal ER, Sharma R.Fosfomycin: An Alternative Therapy for the Treatment of UTI Amidst Escalating Antimicrobial Resistance. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2015;9(12):6-9
[5]. Michalopoulos AS, Livaditis JG, Gougoutas V. The revival of fosfomycin. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2011;15:732-9

Abstract: Objective: proofing that each area has its own common age range group as risk factor to head injuries by specifying common age range having highest incident rate to traumatic brain injury at Zhenjiang city in Jiangsu province in Peoples' Republic of China. Methodology: The data of 2373 patients at Zhenjiang first peoples' hospital, admitted as head injury is analyzed in comparative manner. The patients' ages were the most focused information and matter of comparison. The whole number of patients' data is analyzed. No sampling methodology is used. Simple and clear statistical methodology is used like data tabling, percentile, charting and mean measurement.............

Keywords: Traumatic, Brain Injury, Head Injury, Risk Factor, Common Age Range

[1]. McCaffrey RJ (1997). "Special Issues in the Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury". The Practice of Forensic Neuropsychology: Meeting Challenges in the Courtroom. New York: Plenum Press. pp. 71–75.
[2]. Daisley, Audrey; Kischka, Udo; Tams, Rachel (2008). Head Injury. Oxford: OUP Oxford.
[3]. Indian network for health : http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/headinjury_causes.htm
[4]. Remedy health media : http://www.healthcommunities.com/traumatic-brain-injury/risk-factors.shtml
[5]. Archive of head injured patients (2011). Zhenjiang First Peoples' Hospital

Abstract: There is currently an ongoing global epidemiological transition of disease patterns from communicable diseases (CD) to non communicable diseases (NCD), and Sub – Saharan Africa is not spared. Majority of NCD related deaths occur in low and middle income countries such as Nigeria. Diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension represent the greatest burden of the NCDs in the African region, often occurring together with common risk factors. To determine the predictors of left ventricular diastolic function in type 2 diabetic patients with or without hypertension at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. This was a cross sectional study carried out at the cardiac and endocrinology clinics of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) for a period of 6 months from Jan to July 2013........

Keywords: Diabetic, Hypertensive, Left ventricular dysfunction, Predictors

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Abstract: Aims: Study On Clinical-Radiological Profile Of Patients With Sero-Negative And Sero-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis According to the EULAR Criteria. Methods: This is a analytical observational study where we proposed to analyse the clinical features in respect to the work disability and functional impairment as well as the radiological progression /damage in two groups of seronegative and the seropositive subjects Results: This study was conducted to correlate the clinical and radiological changes between Seronegative and Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed according to the EULAR criteria. Maximum patients were between 61 to 70 age group in the Seronegative group forming 38.07%, whereas in the Seropositive subjects it is 61 to 70 years forming 33.93% and also 51 to 60 years forming 25% of the total age group. Females formed the major group constituting 69.6 % as compared to 30.35% of males..........

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