iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2017

Abstract: Introduction: Damage to any component of the lacrimal function unit can destabilize the tear film and it can lead to ocular surface disease that expresses itself as dry eye. Many factors can cause dry eyes in patients after cataract surgeries. In a developing country like ours, the most common, efficient and economical cataract surgery is the manual small incision cataract surgery which is done with a corneoscleral tunnel incision. The environmental exposure to wind, sunlight and a high temperature causes dry eyes, which can be aggravated after cataract surger............

Keywords: Dry eye, Manual small incision cataract surgery, Tear film, Corneoscleral tunnel

[1]. 2007 Report of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (DEWS). Ocular Surface 2007;5:75.
[2]. Stern ME, Beuerman RW, Fox RI, Goa J, Mirchoff AK, Pfluqfelder SC. The pathology of the dry eye and the interaction between the ocular surface and the lacrimal glands. Cornea. St. Louis: Mosby; 1997:663-86.
[3]. Fernando Murrilo LSCP, Jay H.Krachmer MJMEJH. Dry eye. Cornea. St. Louis:Mosby; 1997:663-86.
[4]. Hiroko BM, Steinert RF. Cataract surgery in the presence of other ocular comorbidities; Cataract Surgery: technique, complications and management. Saunders; 2004.:chap. 32.
[5]. Zabel RW, Mintsioulis G, MacDonald IM, Valberg J, Tuft SJ. The corneal toxic changes after a cataract extraction. Can J Ophthalmol1989;24:311-16.

Abstract: Here we report a rare case of lung adenocarcinoma coexisting with pulmonary aspergillosis in a female. The morphologic coexistence of Aspergillus and the tumor is common in cavitatory lesions. Aspergillosis complicated by lung cancer without cavity formation is very rare. In our case, in the first bronchoscopic biopsy, only aspergillus was detected. In the second biopsy, superficially aspergillus was seen. The tumor cells were obscured by hyphae of aspergillus. After serial and deep sectioning only, we could diagnose bronchogenic carcinoma. Histopathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma with aspergillosis of lung was offered.

Keywords: Bronchogenic carcinoma, Aspergillosis, Bronchoscopy

[1]. Saleh W, Ostry A, and Henteleff H. Aspergilloma in combination with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Can J Surg. 2008 Feb; 51(1): E3–E4.
[2]. Malik A, Shahid M, Bhargava R. Prevalence of aspergillosis in bronchogenic carcinoma. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2003 Jul;46(3):507-10.
[3]. McGregor DH, Papasian CJ, Pierce PD. Aspergilloma within cavitating pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 1989 Jan;91(1):100-3.
[4]. Yoshitomi A, Terada S, Fujita H, Miura T, Imokawa S, Chida K. Aspergillosis with non-cavitary lung cancer. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 2000 Jun;74(6):536-40.
[5]. Itano H, Andou A, Date H, Shimizu N. Non-small cell lung cancer coexisting with pulmonary aspergilloma. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Sep;53(9):513-6

Abstract: Treatment of mandibular angle fractures has no consensus with regards to fixation schemes and varies from center to center. Internal fixation with miniplates have several advantages, however controversy exits with regards to 1-plate vs 2-plate fixation. In this study we sought to assess the efficacy of a single miniplate placed along the lateral cortex for the treatment of mandibular angle fractures.

Keywords: mandibular angle fractures, lateral cortex miniplates

[1]. Mandibular Angle fractures: Comparison of one miniplate vs two miniplates –JadavYazdani, KT Talesh et al –Trauma monthly
[2]. What method for management of Unilateral Mandibular Angle Fracture has the lowest rate of postoperative complications? A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis Essam Ahmed – Al-Moraissi, Edward Ellis
[3]. Evaluation of role of PRF (Platelet Rich Fibrin) in bone healing following ORIF of Mandibular fracture with titanium miniplate –THESIS submitted to West Bengal University of Health Sciences 2013-16 Dr. Arnab Saha Prof (Dr.) Amit Ray
[4]. Treatment modalities for mandibular angle fractures- Andrew J Gear et al J Oral MaxillofacSurg 63:655-663, 2005
[5]. Complications of non-rigid fixation of mandibular angle fractures-LA Passeri, E Ellis et al. J Oral MaxillofacSurg 1993;51:382-4

Abstract: The objective of the study was to find the proportion of patients using ophthalmologic self medications and to define the profile of patients who self medicate. Self medication is prevalent in ophthalmological conditions and is still continuing in developing countries like India. An observational study was conducted in ophthalmology opd in a tertiary hospital in mangalore, by using a questionnaire regarding details of self medication in ocular conditions. It was found that out of 360 patients, 135 (37.5%) have self medicated before. Redness (51.8%) was the most common complaint, followed by itching (20.7%), and foreign body in eye (11.1%). We conclude that there is a prevalent practice of self medication before consulting an ophthalmologist and there is a great need for awareness on ocular health.

Keywords : Eye drops, Local practice, Ocular health, Self medication, Questionnaire

[1]. World Health Organization/Drug Action Program (WHO/DAP). Public Education in Rational Drug Use; Report of an Informal Consultation, 23-26 November 1993, Geneva.
[2]. Rajani Kadri, Sudhir Hegde, Ajay A Kudva, Asha Achar, Sunil P Shenoy. Self-medication with over the counter ophthalmic preparations: is it safe? Int J Biol Med Res. 2(2), 2011, 528-530.
[3]. Gupta R, Malhotra P. Selfmedication in ophthalmology - a northern Indian tertiary hospital experience. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol, 5(6), 2016, 2556-60.
[4]. A. L. Gramajo, G. E. Marquez, V. M. L. Sanchez, N. Zelaya, C. P. Juarez, V. E. Roque Torres, J. D. Luna; Self-Medication in Ophthalmology in an Argentinean Population: A Questionnaire-Based Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51(13), 2010, 3253.
[5]. Gupta, R., & Malhotra, P. Self-medication in ophthalmology - a northern Indian tertiary hospital experience. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 5(6), 2016, 2556-2560....

Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airway narrowing. It has been predicted by the WHO to become the 3rd leading cause of death by 2030. The chief pathogenesis at play involves an imbalance of oxidants and anti-oxidants, a term called "oxidative stress". Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) is a novel biomarker shown to be elevated in various states of ischemia and oxidative stress. This study was done with the aim of determining the association between IMA and COPD and also its associated factors. A cross sectional study was done on 20 consecutive patients hospitalized with COPD. The control group encompassed 20 apparently healthy volunteers. Serum samples were obtained from both groups...........

Keywords : COPD, Ischemia Modified Albumin, Oxidative stress, Smoking Index

[1]. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2017 Report. Available
at: http://goldcopd.org/gold-2017-global-strategy-diagnosis-management-prevention-copd/
[2]. WHO. World health statistics. 2008. Available at: http://www.whoint/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS08_Full.pdf.
[3]. de Boer WI, Yao H, Rahman I. Future therapeutic treatment of COPD: struggle between oxidants and cytokines. Int J Chron
Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2007 Sep; 2(3):205–228.
[4]. Rahman I. Antioxidant therapies in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2006 Mar; 1(1): 15–29.
[5]. Ciencewicki J, Trivedi S, Kleeberger SR. Oxidants and the pathogenesis of lung diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2008
Sep;122(3):456-68..

Abstract: Autotransplant can be an alternative restorative option in which the tooth is moved from one location to another in the same patients oral cavity. It is defined as repositioning of an erupted, semierupted or unerupted tooth, in the same individual. The first evidence of this procedure was given by the Swedish dentist Vitman in 1915. It is a biological process in which the transplanted tooth is able to induce bone formation and re-establish normal alveolar process This technique demands careful patient selection and thorough knowledge of the influencing factors and it can prove as an excellent alternative to dental implants. This article highlights autotransplant as an easy, economical and a feasible restorative option..............

Keywords: Autotransplant, mandibular molar tooth, transplant

[1]. Reich PP. Autogenous transplantation of maxillary and mandibular molars. J Oral Maxillofac Surg,;66, 2008, 2314–7.
[2]. Natiella JR, Armitage JE, Greene GW. The replantation and transplantation of teeth. A review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Patho,29, 1970, 397–419.
[3]. Tsukiboshi M. Autogenous tooth transplantation: A reevaluation. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent.,13,1993, 120–49.
[4]. Ustad F, Ali FM, Kota Z, Mustafa A, Khan MI. Autotransplantation of teeth: A review. Am J Med Dent Sci,1, 2013, 25–30.
[5]. Unni KN, Singh VP. Autotransplantation of teeth: An overview. Amrita J Med,8, 2012, 16–22..

Abstract: Background: Soft-tissue defects of the distal third of the lower extremity, ankle and foot present significant challenges to the reconstructive surgeon. The options in this region are limited. The reverse superficial sural artery flap (RSSAF) is a popular option for the defects. Our initial experience with this flap resulted in 50% failure rate, mostly because of critical venous congestion. To overcome this, we have modified our operative technique, which has resulted in a more reliable and increased survival of the flap. Methods:All patients reconstructed were having lower third leg, ankle and foot defects..............

Keywords: lower third defects, ankle defects, delayed sural flap, reverse sural flap and venous congestion.

[1]. Ponte´n, B. The fasciocutaneous flap: Its use in soft tissue defects of the lower leg. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 34: 215, 1981.
[2]. Donski, P. K., and Fogdestam, I. Distally based fasciocutaneousflapfromthesuralregion:Apreliminaryreport.Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 17: 191, 1983.
[3]. LeHuec,J.C.,Midy,D.,Chauveaux,D.,etal.Anatomicbasisofthesuralfascio-cutaneousflap:Surgicalapplications.Surg. Radiol. Anat. 10: 5, 1988.
[4]. Masquelet, A. C., Romana, M. C., and Wolf, G. Skin island flaps supplied by the vascular axis of the sensitive superficial nerves: Anatomic study and clinical experience. Plast.Reconstr. Surg. 89: 1115, 1992.
[5]. Mahakkanukrauh, P., and Chomsung, R. Anatomical variations of the sural nerve. Clin. Anat. 15: 263, 2002

Abstract: Introduction: Perioperative use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in major spine surgeries is known to reduce blood loss and thereby decrease the need for blood transfusion. However the optimal dosing of TXA remains highly controversial. This study was designed to compare the outcome in terms of blood loss and amount of blood transfusion needed in two groups of patients undergoing multilevel lumbar spine fixation surgeries receiving two different doses of TXA.......

Keywords: tranexamic acid, spine surgery, blood loss

1]. Wong J, El Beheiry H, Rampersaud YR, Lewis S, Ahn H, De Silva Y, Abrishami A, Baig N, McBroom RJ, Chung F. Tranexamic acid reduces perioperative blood loss in adult patients having spinal fusion surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2008 Nov 1;107(5):1479-86. [2]. Verma K, Kohan E, Ames CP, Cruz DL, Deviren V, Berven S, Errico TJ. A comparison of two different dosing protocols for tranexamic acid in posterior spinal fusion for spinal deformity: a prospective, randomized trial. International journal of spine surgery. 2015;9.

[3]. Endres S, Heinz M, Wilke A. Efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss in posterior lumbar spine surgery for degenerative spinal stenosis with instability: a retrospective case control study. BMC surgery. 2011 Nov 3;11(1):29.

[4]. Colomina MJ, Koo M, Basora M, Pizones J, Mora L, Bagó J. Intraoperative tranexamic acid use in major spine surgery in adults: a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2017 Feb 16;118(3):380-90.

[5]. Yang B, Li H, Wang D, He X, Zhang C, Yang P. Systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative intravenous tranexamic acid use in spinal surgery. PloS one. 2013 Feb 12;8(2):e55436.

Abstract: Background & Objectives: NLEP initiated in 1983 achieved elimination of leprosy as a public health problem in India. However, as per WHO and various studies marginal increase in total number of new leprosy cases has been noted in last few years. Slit-skin smear (SSS) examination is simple and widely available test for screening of leprosy and its classification as well as monitoring response to treatment. The present study had been designed to study the trends of Slit Skin Smear (SSS) positivity in patients clinically suspected of leprosy. Methods: A retrospective data of last 5 years was collected to study the number of smear positive cases from among the slit skin samples submitted to the Department of Microbiology, stained by a modified ZiehlNeelsen method and examined for the presence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) under oil immersion objective lens...........

Keywords:Leprosy, Slit Skin Smear, Acid fast bacilli,

[1]. Jain A. Current status of leprosy as seen in a tertiary care hospital in north India. The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2012;135(3):439-440.

[2]. National Leprosy Eradication Programme. NLEP annual report 2015-16.2016. Available from:http://nlep.nic.in/pdf/revised%20annual%20report%2031st%20March%202015-16.pdf

[3]. Global leprosy update, 2015: time for action, accountability and inclusion. Weekly Epidemiological Record. World health organization.2016;91(35):405–420. Available from:http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/249601/1/WER9135.pdf?ua=1

[4]. Soneja S, Malhotra A, Devi P, Malhotra S, Singh B. Sensitivity of Slit Skin Smear examination in suspected Leprosy cases in a tertiary care centre: Rising trends. Int J Scin Res. 2017;69(3):34-5.

[5]. Kansara S, Devi P, Singh K, Soneja S. Rising burden of smear positive leprosy cases in a tertiary care hospital of north india. Int J Scin Res. 2015;4(9):388-89..

Abstract: Phlebectasia, the term used to describe an abnormal saccular or fusiform dilatation of a vein whereas varix strictly implies simple tortuosity of veins. The lower extremities are most commonly involved with the most frequent being Long saphenous vein. They may be misdiagnosed as subcutaneous masses, femoral hernia etc. A retrospective study was conducted starting from January 2009 to September 2016 in our hospital. 15 patients were reported and treated during the period of study. The data about the patients have been collected from medical records department and calculations were based on standard statistical methods. Venous colour Doppler was used to diagnose the disease...........

Keywords: colour Doppler, phlebectasia, venous aneurysm

[1]. Venous aneurysm – nov 1997 volume 26 1880 5 page 845-852 – present north annual meeting of American venous forum san Antonio pez Feb 20-24 1997 – david gilespie-MD RVT
[2]. Superficial venous aneurysm Ho yun lee MD what lee MD J.ultrasound med 2006 771-776
[3]. Management of symptomatic venous aneurysm scientific world journal gatrilli 2012 article ID 386478
[4]. L.gillespie J. L.villavicencio C Gallagher etal presentation and management of venous aneurysm. Journal of vascular surgery vol 28 no.5 845-852 1997
[5]. Jugular vein aneurysm – vascular 2008 ; 16(5) 291-294

Abstract: Hyperpigmentation of gingiva is seen as a genetic trait in some populations and is more appropriately termed as physiologic or racial gingival pigmentation. It may result in esthetic concern in certain individuals. Gingival depigmentation is most often performed as a "patient demanded" periodontal plastic surgical procedure using various techniques. This article compares the effectiveness of scalpel technique and cryosurgery in the same patient in terms of early healing responses and patient compliance.

Keywords: Gingiva,Depigmentation,Scalpel ,Cryosurgery,De-epithelisation,

[1]. Almas K, Sadig W. Surgical treatment of melanin-pigmented gingiva: An esthetic approach. IJDR April-June 2002;13(2): 70-73.
[2]. Ginwalla TMS, Gomes BC, Varma BRR. Surgical removal of gingival pigmentation. J Indian Dent Assoc 1966,38(6):147-50.
[3]. Cicek Y. The normal and pathological pigmentation of oral mucous membrane: A review. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2003;4:76–86
[4]. Dummett CO. Overview of normal oral pigmentations. J Indiana Dent Assoc. 1980;59:13–8.
[5]. Bergamaschi O, Kon S, Doine Al, et al. Melanin repigmentation after gingivectomy: 5 years clinical and transmission electron
[6]. microscopic study in humans. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1993;13(1):85-92...

Abstract: Background: Functions of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems have a close relationship. Congenital heart disease (CHD) affect the respiratory system and result in respiratory morbidities. Recurrent respiratory infection is one such morbidity. Aim: To assess the incidence of CHD in patients presenting with recurrent lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and the incidence of different types of CHD in patients detected with congenital heart defects. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with recurrent LRTI were studied (N = 100), which included 60 males and 40 females. All the patients were subjected to clinical examination and were made to undergo chest X-ray, electrocardiography, and 2D echocardiography with color Doppler to detect CHD..............

Keywords-: Congenital heart disease, Pulmonary hypertension, Pneumonia.

[1]. Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Congenital heart disease. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Harcourt Aisa Pvt Ltd; 2000:1549-1605.
[2]. Park KM. Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners. 5th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2007:119-326.
[3]. Subramanyam L. Recurrent respiratory tract infection – an approach. Indian J Pract Pediatr. 2012;14(3):245-257.
[4]. Chandramouli B. The neonate with congenital heart disease: diagnosis and manegment. Indian J Pediatr 1991;58(4):453-469.
[5]. Gupta S , Saini G. Congenital heart disease: Clinicoechocardiographic profile in children. Asian J Pediatr Pract. 2004;8(2):30-34

Abstract: A three years cross-sectional study was designed based on laboratory diagnosis and hospital records of fever patients attending a tertiary care hospital. Objectives: To assess the distribution of malaria in terms of age, sex and time amongst the patients attending a tertiary care hospital situated at northern fringe of Kolkata as well as to evaluate the recent trend of malaria within the study population. Materials and Methods: Malaria was diagnosed by Leishman stained thick and thin peripheral blood smears examination and detection of dual antigens of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum by immunochromatographic method. Data were compiled from the hospital records. Data analysis and presentation were done according to the standard statistical techniques.........

Keywords: malaria, resurgence, slide positivity rate, rapid diagnostic test

[1]. Fairhurst RM, Wellems TE (2010). "Chapter 275. Plasmodium species (malaria)". In Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. (7th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 3437–62.
[2]. Carter R, Mendis KN (2002). Evolutionary and historical aspects of the burden of malaria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 15 (4): 564–94.

[3]. National Programmes Under NHM: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. Annual report-2014-15 (Chapter-6). Page-92-115.

[4]. NVBDCP. Drug Resistance Status in India: An Update. Delhi: Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme; 2002.

[5]. Wangdi K, Gatton ML, Gerard C Kelly, Banwell C, Dev V, Clements ACA. Malaria elimination in India and regional implications. Lancet Infect Dis. October 2016;16(10):214–24..

Abstract: The main objective of our study is to compare the central corneal thickness measured using ultrasonic pachymetry in glaucomatous and non glaucomatous eyes of the patients at Father Muller medical college Hospital, Mangalore India. It has been shown that if a patient has an abnormal CCT, the true IOP level may be masked, resulting in undertreatment or overtreatment of glaucoma.120 Patients were selected and the CCTs of all the participants were measured using ultrasonic pachymetry. The IOPs were measured by using applanation tonometry the mean CCT of the normals was 523.97± 21.90 μ, the mean NTG was 502.96± 11.31 μ, the mean POAG was 518.69± 23.59 μ and the mean OHT was 542.50± 22.71 μ. The study did not find any statistical significance among the four groups (POAG,NTG, OHT and controls).IOP needs to be corrected for CCT before classifying the type of glaucoma.

Keywords: Normal tension glaucoma (NTG), Primary open angle glaucoma(POAG), Ocular hypertension (OHT),Central corneal thickness (CCT),I ntraocular pressure (IOP).

[1]. Wolfs RC, Klaver CC, Vingerling JR, Grobbee DE, Hofman A. Distribution of central corneal thickness and its association with intraocular pressure: The Rotterdam Study. American journal of ophthalmology. 1997 Jun 1;123(6):767-72.

[2]. Copt RP, Thomas R, Mermoud A. Corneal thickness in ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma, and normal tension glaucoma. Archives of ophthalmology. 1999 Jan 1;117(1):14-6.

[3]. Shetgar AC, Mulimani MB. The central corneal thickness in normal tension glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2013 Jun;7(6):1063.

[4]. Shih CY, Zivin JS, Trokel SL, Tsai JC. Clinical Significance of Central Corneal Thickness in the Managementof Glaucoma. Archives of ophthalmology. 2004 Sep 1;122(9):1270-5.

[5]. Foster PJ, Baasanhu J, Alsbirk PH, Munkhbayar D, Uranchimeg D, Johnson GJ. Central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in a Mongolian population. Ophthalmology. 1998 Jun 1;105(6):969-73...

Abstract: Tumors of salivary gland have diverse histological forms and unpredictable clinical behavior. The diverse site of origin and complexity of classification further compound the difficulties in diagnosis. The main application of immunochemistry in salivary gland tumors is to demonstrate the existence of myoepithelial /basal cells or luminal cells. Objectives: 1. To evaluate the myoepithelial marker p63 in various salivary gland tumors. 2.To study the expression of various IHC markers- CK,CD 117,Her2/neu , Ki67 in salivary gland tumors............

Keywords: salivarygland tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, immunohistochemistry

[1]. Speight.P,barret,salivary glandtumors,oraldiseases2002;8(5)229-240
[2]. T Psanjeevan,joshu Elizabeth,TRsaraswathi,KRanganathan.An analysis of salivarygland lesions –an institutional study J.oral Maxillofac.path.2003,7;21-24.
[3]. MariaP.Foschini and Vincenzo,eusebi;Value of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.Pathology case reviews Nov-Dec9(6)270-275.
[4]. P.Deihimy, P.Mahzooni,N.Torabinia;Study of Myoepithelial Cell Markers in Pleomorphic Adenoma and Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Salivary Glands.Dental Research Journal vol.(3):No.2,Autumn-Winter 2006.
[5]. Toshitaka Nago,Eiichi Sato,Rie Inoue et al.Immunohistochemical Analysis of Salivary Gland Tumors:Application for Surgical Pathology Practice.Acta HistochemCytochem2012 October31;45(5):269-282..

Abstract: The present study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Khartoum teaching dental hospital. Swab samples were collected from the water pipe lines of the dental chairs in the hospital (104 sample) and cultured; then treated with some antibiotics; Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, Meropenem and Tetracycline to determine antibiotic sensitivity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from swabs cultured from dental chair water pipes. Four swabs (3.8%) grew on the cultured media while the other 100 swab samples (96.2%) showed no growth. Drugs that showed maximum effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria were Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin...........

Key words: prevalence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Khartoum Dental Hospital, antibiotic resistant

[1]. Gellatly S, Hancock R. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: new insights into pathogenesis and host defenses. Pathogens and Disease. 2013; 67(3):159-173.
[2]. Boyer, Alexandre et al. "Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Acquisition on an Intensive Care Unit: Relationship between Antibiotic Selective Pressure and Patients' Environment". Critical Care2011 January 15 (Accesses date: 26July 2016) available on: http.
[3]. Yüzbasioglu E, Saraç D, Canbaz S, Saraç Y, Cengiz S. A survey of cross-infection control procedures: knowledge and attitudes of Turkish dentists. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009; 17(6):565-569.
[4]. Gangcuangco L, Clark P, Stewart C, Miljkovic G, K. Saul Z. Persistent Bacteremia from Pseudomonas aeruginosa with In Vitro Resistance to the Novel Antibiotics Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Ceftazidime-Avibactam. Case Report Persistent Bacteremia from Pseudomonas aeruginosa with In Vitro Resistance to the Novel Antibiotics Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Ceftazidime-Avibactam. 2016.
[5]. Markowska K, Grudniak A, Krawczyk K, Wrobel I, Wolska K. Modulation of antibiotic resistance and induction of a stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by silver nano particles. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2014; 63(Pt_6):849-854...

Abstract: The term osteomyelitis encompasses infectious disease involving the disease of the bone and/or bone marrow further extending to periosteum .Osteomyelitis was relatively common before the era of antibiotic therapy. It is a well documented fact that most of the cases of Maxillofacial Osteomyelitis occur in the mandibular region as compared to the maxilla.Osteomyelitis of maxilla is rare because of extensive bloodsupply & strut like bone of the maxilla make it less prone to chronic infection.We report a case ofOsteomyelitis involving part of the Maxilla in a 45year old female patient..........

Keywords: Adult osteomyelitis , Diabetes Mellitus ,Oro-antral fistula,Osteomyelitis of maxilla

[1]. Gomes D, Pereira M. Osteomyelitis: An overview of antimicrobial therapy. Braz J Pharm Sci 2013;49:13-27.
[2]. Topazian RG. Osteomyelitis of the jaws. In: Oral and Maxillofacial Infections. Ch. 10. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2002.
[3]. Manimaran K, Suresh Kannan P, Kannan R.Osteomyelitis of maxilla bilateral involvement. A case report.
[4]. JIADS.April-June 2011;2[2]:57-8
[5]. David J Pincus, Milton B Armstrong, Seth R Thaller. Osteomyelitis of The craniofacial skeleton.Semin Plast Surg. May 2009;23[2]:73-9

Abstract: Background; Neonatal sepsis still forms the most important and serious causes of morbidity and mortality out come in the neonatal periods of infantsespeciallypreterm very low birthweight whom admitted for management in neonatal intensive care units. The morbidityand mortality related to the maturity degree and time of discovered and treatment, there are very high risk of mortality and morbidity due to difficulties in rapid diagnosis as the conformation of NS if blood culture is positive but if the blood culture is negative, the physician cannot differentiate meningitis from sepsis clinically without lumbar puncture and CSF culture and sensitivity. Objectives; The aim of this study to remember the treating physician the incidence of neonatal meningitis among newborns with late-onset sepsis, and to determine whether it is mandatory to perform a lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in all infants of late-onset neonatal...........

Keywords-: Lumbar puncture, meningitis, neonatal sepsis

[1]. Castiro A, Gonzalez J, Arribas. Trends in the epidemiology of neonatal sepsis. Acta Paediatr2004; 91 :540-554.
[2]. Agarrwal R, Sankar MJ, Deorari AK, Paul VK. Sepsis in the newborn. Indian J Pediatr 2008; 75 :261-266
[3]. Stuoll BG, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA, et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research/Network.Pediatrics2002; 110 :285-291.
[4]. Mauthers NJ, Pohlandt F. Diagnostic audit of C-reactive protein in neonatal infection. EurJPediatr1987; 146 :147-151.
[5]. Kleion JO, Remington JS. Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB.Saunders;2001

Abstract: Immediate implants are positioned in the course of surgical extraction of the tooth to be replaced. The percentage success of such procedures varies among authors from 92.7-98.0%. The main indication of immediate implantation is the replacement of teeth with pathologies not amenable to treatment. Its advantages with respect to delayed implantation include reduced post-extraction alveolar bone resorption, a shortening of the rehabilitation treatment time, and the avoidance of a second surgical intervention. Recently, implants are placed at the time of extraction of the tooth, or soon after, before significant bone resorption occurs, known as immediate implants. This case report describes a case of.........

Keywords-:Immediate implant placement, atraumatic extraction, fresh extraction sockets, primary stability, osseointegration,

[1]. Adell R, Eriksson B, Lekholm U, Branemark PI, Jemt T. Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1990: 5: 347–359.
[2]. Schulte W. The intraosseous Al2O3 (Frialit) Tübingen implant. Developmental status after eight years (II). Quintessence Int 1984;154:19-35.
[3]. Hammerle CH, Chen ST, Wilson TG, Jr. Consensus statements and recom-mended clinical procedures regarding the placement of implants in extraction sockets. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:26-8.
[4]. Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Coulthard P, Worthington HV. The efficacy of vari-ous bone augmentation procedures for dental implants: a Cochrane systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2006;21:696-710.
[5]. Fugazzotto PA. Treatment options following single-rooted tooth removal: a lit-erature review and proposed hierarchy of treatment selection. J Periodontol. 2005;76:821-31.

Abstract: The squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is a rare, benign, locally infiltrative neoplasm of the jaws that appears to originate from the rests of Malassez, gingival surface epithelium or from remnants of the dental lamina. The clinical presentation of the lesion is often asymptomatic, yet it can present with symptoms of pain and mobility of adjacent teeth... CBCT images show hypodense expansive lesions in between the left premolars .Excision of the lesion was performed and sent for microscopicanalysis , which is distinguished by multiple islands of squamous epithelial cells surrounded by mature connective tissue stroma , consistent with the diagnosis of SOT.

Keywords-: neoplasm, Squamous odontogenic tumor, squamous cells

[1]. Rajendran R. Cyst and Tumors of Odontogenic Origin. In: Rajendran R, Sivapathasundharam B,editors. Shafer's Text Book of Oral Pathology. 5th ed. Noida: Elservier; 2005. pp. 398–400.
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Abstract: Background: Autism is a syndrome of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders which is characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and unusual repetitive behaviour. This is a disease that is not yet fully understood, for this reason appropriate treatment and guidelines are in deficit, this research will try to evaluate the knowledge of dentists who have undergone specialization and general practitioners. This study aims to study the knowledge of Dentists working in public dental hospitals in Khartoum locality towards the treatment of autistic patients...........

Keywords-: autism, knowledge of dentists, Khartoum, Sudan

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Abstract: Context: Liver cirrhosis is refers to a condition of progressive disease that damages the normal architecture of the liver and it is caused by a number of conditions. This study observed that increasing frequency of QTc prolongation with worsening Child Pugh score and it correlated with a decreased heart rate Variability and these two become independent prognostic factors. Aim Of The Study: To assess whether QT interval prolongation and left ventricular end diastolic dimension abnormality will occur in cirrhosis, To assess whether the severity of cirrhosis is correlating with the QT interval prolongation and left ventricular end diastolic dimension..........

Keywords-:Cirrhosis, QTc interval , LVEDD

[1]. Bhatti, A.B., Ali, F. and Satti, S.A. (2014) Prolonged QTc Interval Is an Electrophysiological Hallmark of Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy. Open Journal of Internal Medicine, 4, 33-39
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