iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2018

Abstract: Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infection encountered in clinical practices both in community as well as in hospital settings. UTIs are the second most frequently occurring infections in the general populations after upper respiratory infections. Gram staining of the uncentrifuged urine is a useful guide tool to avoid undue delay for starting empiric therapy for suspected patients of urinary tract infection thus helping to decrease the burden of morbidity caused by chronic UTIs. Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in bacteriology section of the Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, (RIMS............

[1]. Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser AS, Longo DLL, Jameson JL, and Loscalzo J. Urinary Tract Infections, Pyelonephritis, and Prostitis. In; Kalpana Gupta, Barbara W. Trautner. Harrisons principles of internal medicine. 19th edition. McGraw-Hill Education publications; 2005:861.
[2]. Wilson ML, Gaido L. Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections in adult patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1150-8.

[3]. Taneja N, Chaterjee SS, Singh M, Sivapriya S, Sharma M and Sharma SK. Validity of quantative unspun urine microscopy, dipstick test, Leucocyte Esterase and nitrate test in rapidly diagnosing Urinary Tract Infection.JAPI.2010;58.
[4]. Baily & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology.13th edition. Part VII; p-925.
[5]. Shilpa K, Bernaitis L, Mathew J, Shobha KL, Ramyasree A and Manthena A. Comparision of urine microscopy and culture from urinary tract infection- a retrospective study. International Journal of Health Information and Medical Research.2015;2:12-7.

Abstract: Dacryocystitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal sac. Spontaneous resolution does not occur without treatment. [1]Treatment of choice for this disorder is dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR). The previously published literature shows success rate of both the approaches ranges from 63% - 97%. This study intends to compare the final result of surgical management of acquired naso-lacrimal duct obstruction between external DCR and endoscopic endonasal DCR. Total 60 patients were included for DCR operation. Out of which 30 patients underwent endoscopic endonasal DCR in the department of otorhinolaryngology and 30 patients underwent external DCR the......

Keywords: Dacryocystitis, dacryocystorhinostomy, endonasal, endoscopic DCR, nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

[1]. Sihota R, Tandon R. Parsons' Diseases of the Eye. 20th Ed. New Delhi: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier India; 2007. p.446-447.
[2]. Vinod Gauba V. External Versus Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy In A Specialized Lacrimal Surgery Center. Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology. 2014;28: 36–39.
[3]. Toti A. Nuovometodoconservatoredicura radicle dellesuppurazoni- croniche del saccolacrimale (Dacriocistorinostomia). Clin Mod

Firenze1904;10:385–7.
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[5]. Stammberger H. Endoscopic endonasal surgery: concepts in treatment of recurring rhinosinusitis. Part II.Surgical technique. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1986; 94(2):147–56..

Abstract: Cephalohematoma is a collection of blood between the skull and the periosteum,this diagnosis remains rare compared to other collections and cranial masses in the new-born.This report describes two cases of 02 new-borns presenting with cephalohematoma since birth which was initially soft firm to palpation but later became hard and calcified after few months.TheCT confirms the diagnosis and accurate type of cephalhematoma. While the exact incidence is not known, large calcified cephalohematoma is rarely reported in the literature. We discuss here the definition of cephalhematoma, the classifications describe in the literature and certainty's diagnosis of cepalhematoma.

[1]. Petersen JD, Becker DB, Fundakowski CE, Marsh JL, Kane AA (2004) A novelManagement for calcifying cephalohematoma. PlastReconstrSurg 113: 1404-1409.
[2]. Bruce DA (2000) Cephalohematoma and subgaleal hematoma. In: Wilkins RH,Rengachary SS (Eds) Neurosurgery.
[3]. Firlik KS, Adelson PD. Large chronic cephalohematomawithout calcification. PediatrNeurosurg 1999; 30:39Y42
[4]. Dammers R, ter Laak-Poort MP, Maas AI: Neurologicalpicture. Armouredbrain: Case report of asymptomaticcalcifiedchronicsubduralhaematoma. J NeurolNeurosurgPsychiatry 78:542-543, 2007
[5]. Daglioglu E, Okay O, Hatipoglu HG, Dalgic A, Ergungor F:Spontaneous resolution of calcified cephalhematomas ofinfancy: Report of two cases. Turk Neurosurg 20:96-99, 2010

Abstract: Treatment of the injured patients takes lot of time and energy all over the world and more so in our country with limited resources and manpower. We conducted an observatory study in Barishal Medical College Hospital in Orthopaedic unit during the period from July 2016 to December 2016. All the indoor patients of Orthopaedics unit were included in the study. A total of 136 patients were studied. In a particular ward data regarding all the admitted patients were collected in a single day (point study). Particulars of the patients, diagnosis, length of hospital stay (on the particular day of data collection in each wards), and the causes of prolonged hospital stay were recorded..........

Key words:-Investigations, Hospital stay, Orthopedic Patients, Injury

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Abstract: Dengue feverisstill in evolution and involvingnewer areas in India and newer population.In view of broadspectrum of clinicalpresentation and complications of the disease dengue viral infection stillremains a challenge for the physician..

Keywords: Dengue fever(DF)

[1]. Vaidya R. Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD). In: Bhalwar R, Vaidya R, Tilak R, Gupta R, Kunte R. Text Book of Public Health and Community Medicine. 1st ed. New Delhi: Department of Community Medicie, AFMC, Pune; 2009: 1040–3.
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[5]. Kuhn JH, Peters CJ. Arthropod-borne and rodent-borne virusinfections. In: Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL,Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 19th ed. Volume 2. McGraw-Hill Education; Columbus, OH, USA: 2015. pp. 1304–23..

Abstract: Title of study: - Efficacy of BIOMIN containing tooth remineralising agent to prevent stain absorption on fresh-ly bleached enamel: An in vitro study. Background Knowledge: - Teeth when subjected to bleaching bring about the desiccation of the enamel, making it more susceptible to stain absorption. However, subjecting the freshly bleached enamel surface to various sur-face treatments of BIOMIN and Casein Phosphopeptide - Amorphous Calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) brought about the reduction in stain absorption. This capacity of these remineralising agents is assessed in this study. Materials and Method: - Forty extracted..........

Keywords: Vital Bleaching, Remineralising Agents, Biomin, Extrinsic Staining.

[1]. Ribeiro D.A., Marques M.E.A., Salvadori D.M.F., Study of DNA damage induced by dental bleaching agents in vitro, Braz. Oral Res., 2006, 20, 47–51.
[2]. SuemoriT.,KatoJ.,NakazawaT.,AkashiG.,IgarashiA.,HiraiY., et al., Effects of light irradiation on bleaching by a 3.5% hydrogen peroxide solution containing titanium dioxide, Laser Phys. Lett., 2008, 5, 379–383.
[3]. Haywood V.B., Heymann H.O., Nightguard vital bleaching, Quintessence Int., 1989, 20, 173–6.
[4]. Cavalli V., Giannini M., Carvalho R.M., Effect of carbamide perox- ide bleaching agents on tensile strength of human enamel, Dent. Mater., 2004, 8, 733–9.
[5]. CavalliV.,ReisA.F.,GianniniM.,AmbrosanoG.M.B.,Theeffect of elapsed time following bleaching on enamel bond strength of resin composite, Oper. Dent., 2001, 26, 597–602.

Abstract: Introduction: HIV infection interferes with the immune system and increases the susceptibility of patient to many opportunistic infections. The anti-retroviral therapy (ART) that is given for the treatment of HIV infection is not curative, but it increases the life expectancy of the patient by preventing complications. However anti-retroviral drugs are expensive and have adverse drug reactions of their own. Methods: The study involves 300 HIV/AIDS patients, 153females and 147 males, undergoing anti-retroviral therapy in ART center in Rajindra Hospital Patiala. In this study patients undergoing ART were given questionnaire to evaluate their quality of life using WHOQOL- BREF1 (Punjabi / English) instrument. Result :It is observed that the HIV/ AIDS patients reporting to Rajindra hospital, ART center undergoing ART have reduced quality of life as seen on...........

Keywords: HIV/ AIDS, Antiretroviral therapy, Quality of life, WHOQOL- BREF,

[1]. WHOQOL-BREF, Introduction , Administration , Scoring and Generic version of the Assessment. Field Trial Version, December 1996. Programme on Mental Health. World Health Organization , Geneva.
[2]. Arjun B. Y, Unnikrishnan B, Ramapuram J. T, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kumar N, DarshaB :Factors Influencing Quality of Life among People Living with HIV in Coastal South India. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)2017;Vol.16 (3):247–253. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325957415599213
[3]. Banandur P, Becker ML, Garady L, YallapaA , Isaac S, Potty R S, Washington RG, Blanchard JF, Moses S , Banadakoppa RM : P5-S6.36 Factors affecting quality of life of people living with HIV In Karnataka, India.SexTransmInfect 2011; Vol.87:A340-A341.
[4]. Gupta SK, Shrivastava AK, Gupta P, Sharma P, Sarawagi R. A study on self reported Quality of Life of HIV-Positive Slum Dwellers in Mumbai, India. J Community Med Health Educ2012 ; Vol. 2:172. Doi: 10.4172/2161-0711.1000172.
[5]. Kohli RM, Sane S, Kumar K, Paranjape RS, Mehendale SM. Assessment of quality of life among HIV- infected persons in Pune, India. Qual Life Res 2005; Vol 14: 1641.

Abstract: Ocular cysticercosis is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans. Humans are occasionally infected with Taenia solium through the ingestion of contaminated water or uncooked pork and through autoinfection.1 Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of the cestode, Taenia solium, affects human eye in 13–46% of larva infested patients. Ocular cysticercosis occurs in all ethnic groups regardless of dietary habits and is endemic in tropical areas, such as sub-Saharan Africa, India, East Asia, Mexico and Latin America.2 The human becomes an accidental intermediate host by ingesting food or water contaminated with eggs or autoinfection. Ocular cysticercosis..........

[1]. Sawhney IM, Singh G, Lekhra OP, et al. Uncommon presentations of neurocysticercosis. J Neurol Sci 1998; 154:94–100.

[2]. Kaliaperumal S., Rao V.A., Parija S.C. Cysticercosis of the eye in south India – a case series. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2005;23:227–230.

[3]. Rath S., Honavar S.G., Naik M. Orbital cysticercosis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and outcome. Ophthalmology. 2010 Mar;117:600–605.

[4]. Rath S., Honavar S.G., Naik M., Anand R., Agarwal B., Krishnaiah S. Orbital cysticercosis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and outcome. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:600–605.

[5]. Sundaram P.M., Jayakumar N., Noronha V. Extraocular muscle cysticercosis – a clinical challenge to the ophthalmologists. Orbit. 2004;23:255–262.

Abstract: Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for healthy growth & development of infants. It is also an integral part of reproductive process with important implications for the health of mother. WHO recommends Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life for optimal growth & development of infants.1Although breastfeeding is nearly universal in both India (95.7%) & Sikkim (98.1%), only 46.4% of infants in the country & 37.2%in Sikkim are exclusively breastfed.2Our study aims to study the prevalence of breastfeeding practices & various factors influencing it & the prevailing infant practices in the East district of Sikkim. This community based.......

[1]. World health Organisation (WHO): Global strategy on infant and young child feeding, 2002.Available from: hptt://www.who.int.nutrition/topics/global_strategy/en. Accessed September 26, 2014.
[2]. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare: National health and family survey – key findings. Available from: hptt://mohfw.nic.in/NFHS-3. Accessed October 01, 2014.
[3]. World Health Organisation (WHO): Breastfeeding. Available from: hptt://www.who.int/entity/childadolescenthealth/topics/prevention care/child/nutrition/breastfeeding/en. Accessed September 26, 2014.
[4]. Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S. Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost? Lancet 2013;382(9890):452-77.
[5]. Price L: Can breastfeeding support increase the 6 – 8 weeks breastfeeding prevalence rate ? Community pract 2014;87(5):30-3

Abstract: There is a significant increase in non-communicable diseases in the last decade. To address the increasing burden of the disease, Government of India, along with many international bodies such as World Health Organization (WHO) and others has come up with National Programme for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, Cardio vascular diseases (CVD) and stroke (NPCDCS) and Non-communicable diseases (NCD) control programme with major focus on cervical, breast and oral cancers. While we talk of prevention, primordial prevention at a young age could be achieved. In this aspect, school teachers play a crucial role; their knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on certain health promotion habits could influence the children in the school going age effectively. Thus the School teacher's KAP was explored in this study to assess their understanding of oral, breast and cervical cancers and their screening methods..

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[3]. Department of Health and faily welfare. (2016). Retrieved 2018, from Ministry of Health and family welfare: https://mohfw.gov.in/about-us/departments/departments-health-and-family-welfare/national-cancer-control-programme
[4]. Alsina, A., Molina, M., Díaz, Z., & Torres, D. (2014). Influence of school health promotion on the life habits of schoolchildren. analesdepediatria journal.
[5]. Padhy, G. K., Pattanayak, A., & Jena, D. (2013). Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on reproductive health among adolescent girls. Indian Medical Gazzete..

Abstract: Background & Objectives: Cold Circular Jet [CCJ] is specially made equipment that directs multiple small but powerful streams of water from all directions on the patient. It is clinically used as a treatment modality in Naturopathy however its effects on Autonomic and Respiratory variables (ARV) has not been reported. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of CCJ on ARV in healthy volunteers in causing sympathetic/parasympathetic activation immediately post treatment. Methods: A Pre-post study was conducted consisting of 60 healthy students from the SDM College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Ujire. Group 1(n=30) were..........

[1]. Rajiv Rastogi. Current Approaches of Research in Naturopathy: How Far is its Evidence Base? J HomeopatAyurv Med. 2010; 1:107.
[2]. Sarris J, Wardle J Eds. Clinical Naturopathy: An Evidence Based Guide to Practice. Sydney: Elsevier, 2010.
[3]. AANP "Definition of Naturopathic Medicine" House of Delegates Paper-Amended 2011
[4]. Fleming SA, Gutknecht NC. Naturopathy and the Primary Care Practice. Prim Care. 2010; 37:119–36.
[5]. Kellogg J.H. Rational Hydrotherapy-Part III; Michigan: Battle Creek, 1903. 2nd Edition, Reprinted by National Institute of Naturopathy, Pune, March 2005.

Abstract: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is on the rise locally and globally. The care for patients with chronic kidney disease is multifaceted and multidisciplinary. The study aimed to explore the state of preparedness for renal replacement therapy for patients on chronic intermittent haemodialysis at the Kenyatta National Hospital Nairobi, Kenya. This cross-sectional descriptive study was to document the level of preparedness for renal replacement therapy by the time the patients were initiated on haemodialysis. Despite this contact with health provider before development of end stage kidney disease, 74.4% of the patients were initiated on haemodialysis as emergency........

[1]. Eckardt, K.U., et al., Evolving importance of kidney disease: from subspecialty to global health burden. Lancet, 2013. 382: p. 158-169.
[2]. GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and PrevalenceCollaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence,and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries,1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 2016. 388: p. 1545-1602.
[3]. Couse, W.G., et al., The contribution ofchronic kidney disease to the global burden of major non-communicable diseases. Kidney Int, 2011. 80: p. 1258-1270.
[4]. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Kidney International Supplements, 2013. 3(1): p. 1-150.
[5]. Go, A.S., et al., Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med, 2004. 351: p. 1296-1305..

Abstract: Background: The present study was conducted to find out incidence of urinary tract stones, their types and management in patients attending the outpatient department/inpatient ward Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study consisted of 100 clinically and radiologically evaluated cases of urinary stone. The patients were selected from the OPD of Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Amritsar from Jan 2017 to July 2018 for the period of one and half year. In this study an attempt has been made for the evaluation of clinical trends........

Keywords: Pyelolithotomy, Per Cutaneous Nephrolithotomy, Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, Cystolithotomy, Calcium oxalate

[1]. Somashekara HM, Urooj A. Nutritional Status and Dietary Habits of Subjects with Urolithiasis. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci J. 2015 Apr 28;3(1):46–53.
[2]. Milicevic S, Bijelic R, Jakovljevic B. Correlation of Parathormone and the Serum Values of AcidumUricum with Calcium Nephrolithiasis Examined by Three Different Methods of Diagnostics. Acta Inform Medica. 2015 Jun;23(3):132–4.
[3]. Bijelic R, Milicevic S, Balaban J. Incidence of Osteoporosis in Patients with Urolithiasis. Med Arch. 2014 Oct;68(5):335–8.
[4]. Trinchieri A. Epidemiology of urolithiasis: an update. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2008;5(2):101–6.
[5]. Ganesamoni R, Singh SK. Epidemiology of Stone Disease in Northern India. In: Urolithiasis [Internet]. Springer, London; 2012 [cited 2018 May 22]. p. 39–46. Available from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-4387-1_4.

Abstract: Introduction: Ketamine is one of the commonly used inducing agent for short surgical procedures particularly in paediatric patients. But, its utility has been restricted because of its unwanted sympathomimetic activity even though it has an excellent analgesic property with minimal respiratory depression. Added to this, it is also associated with undesirable postoperative delirium. In the past, several drugs like Midazolam, Propofol were added to ameliorate the side effects of Ketamine. A Combination..........

Key Words: ketamine, dexmedetomidine, paediatric surgery, ASA.

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