iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2018

Abstract: Acute Pancreatitis is the most terrible of all the calamities that occur in connection with the abdominal viscera. The suddenness of its onset, the illimitable agony which accompanies it, and the mortality attendant upon it, all render it most formidable of catastrophes." -Berkeley Moynihan(1865-1936) Atlanta classification stratified acute pancreatitis into three groups (i) Mild acute pancreatitis which comprised of no organ failure and no local or systemic complication, (ii) Moderately severe acute pancreatitis with organ failure that resolves within 48 hrs (transient organ failure) and local or systemic complication without persistent organ failure, and (iii) Severe acute pancreatitis..........

[1]. Berkeley Moynihan, 1865-1936) 1
[2]. John H.C. Ranson. "Maingot's Abdominal operations".10th Ed. Vol II
[3]. Bradley EL III. A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis. Summary of the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, GA, September11- 13, 1992. Archives of Surgery 1993; 128:586–590
[4]. Most studies from tertiary centers note mortality rates of 5%–15%. 107,108,109,110
[5]. Reported mortality in SAP is between 20%-60%.112,113

Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in India in women accounting for 22.86% of all cancer cases in women and 12% of all cancer cases in both men and women. The incidence of cervical cancer is higher in economically backward countries due to lack of screening programs and education. Globocan 2018 data -New cases registered: 96,922 ;Deaths: 60,078.Median age: 38 years (age 21–67 years).Rural women are at higher risk of developing cervical cancer as compared to their urban counterparts. Cervical cancer is the third largest cause of cancer mortality in India accounting for nearly 10% of all cancer related deaths in the country .Survival rate-The relative five year survival averages to 48.7% .Length of survival depends on the cancer stage at the time of detection. The survival chance of a person becomes better if the cervical cancer is detected and treated at earlier stages. Therefore it is...........

Keywords: carcinoma cervix, FIGO staging, CT scan, cervix tumor staging.

[1]. Balleyguier C, Sala E, Da Cunha T, Bergman A, Brkljacic B, Danza F, et al. Staging of uterine cervical cancer with MRI: guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Eur Radiol. 2011;21:1102– 10. [PubMed: 21063710]
[2]. Scheidler J, Heuck AF. Imaging of cancer of the cervix. Radiol Clin North Am. 2002;40:577–90. viii. [PubMed: 12117194]
[3]. Ozsarlak O, Tjalma W, Schepens E, Corthouts B, Op de Beeck B, Van Marck E, et al. The correlation of preoperative CT, MR imaging, and clinical staging (FIGO) with histopathology findings in primary cervical carcinoma. Eur Radiol. 2003;13:2338–45. [PubMed: 12802611]
[4]. Hancke K, Heilmann V , Straka P, Kreienberg R, Kurzeder C. Pretreatment staging of cervical cancer: is imaging better than palpation? Role of CT and MRI in preoperative staging of cervical cancer: single institution results for 255 patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15:2856–61. [PubMed: 18696156]
[5]. Goldman SM, Fishman EK, Rosenshein NB, Gatewood OM, Siegelman SS. Excretory urography and computed tomography in the initial evaluation of patients with cervical cancer: are both examinations necessary? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984;143:991–6. [PubMed: 6333172]

Abstract: Background: Mental illnesses are conspicuous by their universal presence in all geopolitical regions and cultures.1 De-institutionalization has been the prevalent mental health policy. The success of this broad goal doesn't come easily, however, it has been shown that stigma plays a significant role in accessing treatment, continuing treatment, being compliant, and reaching favorable outcomes and level of functioning; which continues far beyond recovery of a patient.2 Stigma is defined as a sign of disgrace or discredit, which sets a person apart from others. The stigma of mental illness, although more often related to context than to a person's appearance, remains a powerful negative attribute in all social relations.3..........

Keywords: Stigma, discrimination, quality of life

[1]. Murthy RS., Stigma is universal but experiences are local. World Psychiatry 2002; 1:28.
[2]. Franz L, Carter T, Leiner AS, Bergner E, Thompson NJ, Compton MT. Stigma and treatment delay in first‑episode psychosis: A grounded theory study. Early Intervention in Psychiatry 2010; 4:47‑56.

[3]. Peter Byrne, Stigma of mental illness and ways of diminishing it. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2000, 6:65-72.
[4]. World health organization, 2002.
[5]. Kishore J., Schizophrenia: Myths and reality. Rationalist Voice 2004. p. 23-6..

Abstract: Magnesium sulphate is effective in the prevention and treatment of seizures of preeclampsia. Although postulated to have antihypertensive effects; its use as an antihypertensive in preeclampsia management is however yet to be established. Our study aimed to determine the relationship between serum magnesium and blood pressure levels during treatment of preeclampsia with magnesium sulphate. It is a secondary analysis of data obtained from a prospective cross sectional study, on the clinical and biochemical correlates of preeclampsia among 75 patients who were administered magnesium sulphate (MgS04) using the Pritchard protocol. The results of serum magnesium assay obtained before each dose of MgS04, were correlated with the mean arterial blood........

[1]. Langer A, Villar J, Tell K, Kim T and Kennedy S. Reducing eclampsia-related deaths a call to action. Lancet.2008;371(9614):705–6.
[2]. Duley L.The global impact of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.SeminPerinatol. 2009;33(3): 130-7.
[3]. WHO. 2014. World Health Statistics.WH, Geneva. 2014; Available at http://apps.who.int/gho/portal/uhc-cabinet-wrapper-v2.jsp?id=1010102 (Accessed on 25/06/2018)
[4]. Babalola S, Fatusi A. Determinants of use of maternal health services in Nigeria-looking beyond individual and household factors. BMC Preg Childbirth.2009;9(1):43.
[5]. Steegers EA,von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R. Preeclampsia. The Lancet.2010;376(9741):631-644..

Abstract: A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Paediatric Nephrology & Kidney diseases, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Sher - E - Bangla Nagar, Dhaka from January 2015 to December 2015 to assess Serum Albumin level in active phase and in remission in children with Nephrotic Syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome, or nephrosis, is defined by the presence of nephrotic-range proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypoalbuminemia. While nephrotic-range proteinuria in adults is characterized by protein excretion of 3.5 g or more.........

Keywords: Assessment, Nephrotic syndrome, hypoalbuminemia,, Serum Albumin

[1]. https://www.healthline.com/health/albumin-serum
[2]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_serum_albumin
[3]. Madani A, Daryoush F, Esfehani TS, Mohsseni Parvin, Atayee N, Ahmedi M, Elmi F,Haddadi M.G. Glomerular diseases in Iranian children: clinico-pathological correlation. Pediatr Nephrol 2003; 18: 925-28.
[4]. Bhimma R, Adhikari M, Asharam K, Connolly C. The spectrum of kidney disease ( stage 2-5 ) in KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa. Pediatr Nephrol 2004;23(10):1841-6.
[5]. Uddin GM.Paediatric renal transplantation in Bangladesh. The Child Kidney News 2009;1(1)..

Abstract: Root resorptions include all situations which mineralized dental tissues are eliminated by clastic cells at some point on the surface of the tooth. They are classified as internal or external, although the combination of the two types may occur in the same dental element. The scientific knowledge of the etiology, classification and development of this pathology contributes to the definition of the correct diagnosis and execution of an adequate plan of treatment to the case. The aim of this work was to report through a literature review the types of dental resorptions, conceptualizing and explaining their clinical and histological characteristics. It can be concluded that there is no consensus on the etiology of dental resorption and that the differential diagnosis between internal and external resorption is fundamental for the treatment proposal in order to reestablish the patient's oral health..........

Keywords: Root resorption. Dental trauma. Internal and External Resorption.

[1]. ANDREASEN JO, Relationship between cell damage in the periodontal ligamentafterreplantationandsubsequent development of rootresorption. A time-relatedstudy in monkeys.Acta OdontolScand 1981. vol.39,n.1,p.15-25.
[2]. ANDREASEN JO, ANDREASEN FM, Exame do paciente com traumatismo. In Traumatismo dentário. São Paulo: Panamericana, 1991.p.9-19.
[3]. CONSOLARO A, Reabsorções dentárias na movimentação ortodôntica. Maringá: Dental Press,2002.
[4]. COSTA, D. F. da. Diagnóstico de reabsorção radicular por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico: uma revisão da literatura. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso — Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis/SC - Brasil, 2013.
[5]. FERREIRA MM, LEITÃO J, CARRILHO EVP. Reabsorção Radicular Interna. RevPortEstomatolCirMaxilofac 2007, cap. 48;p.121-126...

Abstract: Abdominal trauma as a result of blunt and penetrating injuries to patients from a tertiary centre has an appreciable mortality rate from hemorrhagic shock and organ trauma and sepsis. This study was undertaken to know the demographic profile, cause of injury, management and outcome of blunt trauma cases in RIMS, Ranchi from March 2017 till March 2018. There were 60 No. of cases with blunt abdominal trauma. Most common age group was 20-30 years (21 No.) Male and female ratio was 4.5:1. Most common mode of injury was road traffic accident (43 No. of cases). Associated injuries were present in 17 cases. Diagnosis in all cases was done by FAST scan or CT scan abdomen. Bowel was the commonest organ injured with hemoperitoneum due to mesenteric tear, next was spleen. 45% cases underwent conservative management with a failure rate of 1.6% and 55% had operative (exploratory laparotomy..........

Keywords: Blunt trauma Abdomen (BTA), FAST Scan, CECT Abdomen, Exploratory Laparotomy, RTA (Road Traffic Accidents)..

[1]. Ahmet K, Tongue Y. Blunt abdominal trauma: Evaluation of diagnostic options and surgical outcomes. Turkish J Trauma Emergency Surgery. 2008; 14:205-10.
[2]. Chiu, William C, Cushing, Brad M, Rodriguez, Aurelio, Ho, Shiu M, Mirvis\, Stuart E. Shanmuganathan K, Stein Michael.Abdominal Injuries without Hemoperitoneum: A Potential Limitation of Focused Abdominal Sonography for Trauma (FAST). The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care: 1997;42(4):617-625.
[3]. Brasel, Karen J, Olson Christine J, Stafford Renae E, Johnson Thomas J. Incidence and significance of free fluid on abdominal computed tomographic scan in blunt trauma. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care: 1998;44(5):889-892.
[4]. Cunningham Mark A, Tyroch Alan H, Kaups Krista L, Davis James W. Does free fluid on abdominal computed tomographic scan after blunt trauma require laparotomy. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care: 199;44(4):599-603.
[5]. Hazen R, Aziz AA. Computerized Tomography Imaging of injuries of blunt trauma abdomen: a pictorial Assay. Mallays J. Med Sciences 2010;17:29-39...

Abstract: Background: Cesareandelivery is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedure across the world. Primary cesarean section in a multipara means firstcesarean in a women who has undergone childbirth vaginally once or more. With the advancement in technology it has become much safer and therefore C-section rates are on a continuous rise. The objective of this study was to study the cesarean section in context of various indications , age incidence and to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcome. Methods: It was a observational study of primary caesarean section done in multiparous women at Umaid Hospital, Dr. S.N Medical college at the Department of Obs and Gynae over a period of six months.Labour was monitored through out as per.........

[1]. BJOG DOI:10.1111/1471-0528.13526
[2]. MalaVijaykrishnan,BhaskarRao K. Cesarean deliveries –changing trends. In Arulkumaran S, Ratnam SS, BhaskarRaoK(Editors). The management of Labour,2ndedition,Hyderabad ,Oreint Longman,2005:p.351-63.
[3]. Solomon,B.(1934) The Dangerous multipara. Lancet,2, 8-11.
[4]. Feeny K. The Unpredictable multipara. J Irish Med Assoc 1953;32:36-40.
[5]. Desai et al. Int J ReprodContraceptObstet Gynecol.2013 sep;2(3):320-324.

Abstract: Laparoscopic surgeries is a very common procedure performed all over the world There is controversy on possible side effects of laparoscopic surgeries alike deep vein thrombosis .American college of chest physicians in 2004 and 2008 recommended against the use of routine thromboprophylaxis in patients who undergo laparoscopic procedures if without any additional thromboembolic risk factors .Thrombosis may be caused by detrimental effect of pneumoperitoneum on venous flow ( increased abdominal pressure and negative trendelenberg position) General anesthesia is another risk factor for venous stasis in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries since it may cause stasis and DVT compared to spinal anesthesia .The other components of Virchow triad, hypercoagulability and endothelial injury may also seen during or after laparoscopic surgeries .This information is required to direct thromboprophylactic..........

Keywords: laparoscopic surgeries , deep vein thrombosis.

[1]. Eur J med RES Laproscoic surgeries as a a risk factor of DVT and pulmonary embolism 2004 Sep 29:9(9):417-22
[2]. Kakkar VV , Cohen AT , Tapson VF , Bergmann JF , Goldhaber SZ . Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in acute care hospital setting .2005;46(4):269-74.
[3]. Humes DJ , Walker AJ risk of symptomatic venous thromboembolism following emergency appendicectomy 2016 1, 77(5):305–311.

[4]. Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF, et al. American College of Chest Physicians. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133(6 suppl): 381S-453S.
[5]. Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126(3 suppl):338S-400S....

Abstract: Background: Postmenopausal bleeding is defined as uterine bleeding occurring after 12 months of amenorrhoea. The prevalence of spontaneous PMB was reported to be as high as 10% in the general population . 10% of all women with PMB are diagnosed to have endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer is currently the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in Europe, USA, and Hong Kong. The aim in the evaluation of PMB is to exclude underlying malignancy. Endometrial cancer develops from precursor lesion, but the risk of progression varies from <1% for simple hyperplasia, 3% for complex hyperplasia to 29% for atypical hyperplasia. Thus, the clinical approach to postmenopausal bleeding requires prompt and efficient evaluation to exclude or diagnose carcinoma. Objectives: To study the clinical characteristics...........

[1]. Research on the menopause in the 1990s. WHO Technical Report Series 866. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996.
[2]. Clark TJ, Barton PM, Coomarasamy A et al. Investigating postmenopausal bleeding for endometrial cancer: cost- effectiveness of initial diagnostic strategies. BJOG 2006; 113: 502–510.
[3]. Astrup K, Olivarius Nde F. Frequency of spontaneously occurring postmenopausal bleeding in the general population. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004; 83: 203–207.
[4]. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The role of transvaginal ultrasonography in the evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding. ACOG Comm Opin No. 440. Obstet Gynecol 2009 (reaffirmed 2013);114:409–11.
[5]. Chandavarkar U, Kuperman JM, Muderspach LI, Opper N, Felix JC, Roman L. Endometrial echo complex thickness in postmenopausal endometrial cancer. Gynaecol Oncol 2013;131:109–12..

Abstract: Background: FNAC is a simple, safe, cost effective diagnostic procedure that provides rapid diagnosis in evaluation of thyroid lesions. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse false negatives and false positives in palpable thyroid nodules Materials and methods: A two-year prospective study was done in department of pathology Gitam institute of medical sciences and research. During the study period 99 aspirations were done, on aspiration lesions were grouped into three categories. Histopathological correlation was possible only in 35 cases. Results: Cytohistopathological correlation for nodular goitre was 48.5%. false negative rate was 31.4%, false positive rate was 5.7%..........

Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, false negative, false positive

[1]. Nikiforov YE, Ohori NP. Follicular adenoma. In: Diagnostic pathology and molecular genetics of thyroid. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Lippincot Williams &Wilkins;119.
[2]. Pandey P, Dixit A, Chaturvedi V, Chandra S, Dayal S and Sharma A. Usefulness of fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions: an institutional experience of 340 patients. Otolaryngology 2013; 3: 1-15
[3]. Kavitha K, Naik VS, Anuradha B, Kumar TCSS, Reddy ES, Neeraja M. Diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology for thyroid lesions in correlation to histopathology. Asian Pac. J. Health Sci., 2018; 5(1):74-77 [4]. Borgohain R, Lal RK, Chatterjee P, Brahma N, Khanna S. A study of cyto-histological correlation in the diagnosis of thyroid swelling. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2014;13:46–9. [5]. Hathila R, Patel S, Vaghela P, Makwana G, Parmar P. Cytology findings of the thyroid lesions with the histopathology findings correlation. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2016;5:642–6...

Abstract: Background: Head and neck cancer is common in several regions of the world. Multiple factors can be associated with occurrence of head and neck cancer. Our study was aimed at finding the influence of religion, nutrition, socioeconomic factors on development of head and neck cancer. Aims & objective: To study whether religion, nutrition, socioeconomic factors have a role in the development of head and neck cancer. Materials & methods: This is a descriptive study done on 100 head and neck cancer patients admitted in oncology ward of a tertiary medical college hospital in a city located on west coast of India. The ethics committee approval was obtained. The purpose of study was explained to the patient and informed consent was obtained. A questionnaire was framed and prevalidated..........

Keywords: Religion, Nutrition, Socioeconomic Factors, Head And Neck Cancer.

[1]. Patel PS, Raval GN, Patel DD, Sainger RN, Shah MH, Shah JS, et al. A study of various sociodemographic factors and plasma vitamin levels in oral and pharyngeal cancer in Gujarat, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2001; 2:215-24.
[2]. Ahluwalia KP. Assessing the oral cancer risk of South Asian immigrants in New York city. Cancer. 2005; 104:2959-61.
[3]. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer. 2001; 94:153-6.
[4]. Mehta FS, Gupta MB, Pindborg JJ, Bhonsle RB, Jalnawalla PN, Sinor PN. An intervention study of oral cancer and precancer in rural Indian populations: A preliminary report. Bull World Health Organ. 1982; 60:441-6.
[5]. Mathew IE, Pandey M, Mathew A, Thomas G, Sebastian P, Krishnan NM. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue among young Indian adults. Neoplasia. 2001; 3:273-7...

Abstract: A case is reported documenting the successful treatment of fractured mesiobuccal root of a maxillary left first molar with pain and swelling. The root canal treated tooth was treated along with root amputation and bone grafting of mesiobuccal root followed by prosthetic treatment.

Keywords: Root amputation, Root fracture, Hemisection, Mesio-buccal root

[1]. American Academy of Periodontology. Glossary of Periodontal Terms. Chicago: American Academy of Periodontology ; 2001:45.
[2]. Farrar JM. Radical and heroic treatment of alveolar abscess by amputation of roots of teeth. Dental Cosmos 1884;26:7912.
[3]. Kryshtalskyi e. Root amputation and hemisection. Indications, technique and restoration, Jourmd Canadian Dental Association 1986;52, 307-S.
[4]. Amen C. Hemisection and root amputation. Periodontics. 1966:4:197.
[5]. Buhler H. Evaluation of root- resected teeth. Results after 10 years. J periodontal.1988:59:805-810..

Abstract: Synovial giant cell tumour is a benign intra-articular neoplasm, which commonly occurs in hand. Less common sites include ankle and hip. It is a locally aggressive tumour, caused by the over expression of CSF1. In this case report, we present a rare case of intra-articular localised synovial giant cell tumour in the knee. Arthroscopy was done as an optimal method for providing good visualization of all compartments of knee joint. The patient was managed with surgical resection of the tumour..

Keywords: Synovial giant cell tumour, knee, arthroscopy, loose bodies

[1]. Beytemür O, Albay C, Tetikkurt US, Oncü M, Baran MA, Cağlar S, Güleç MA. Localized giant cell tenosynovial tumor seen in the knee joint. Case Rep Orthop. 2014;2014:840243. doi: 10.1155/2014/840243.

[2]. Sun C, Sheng W, Yu H, Han J. Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath: a rare case in the left knee of a 15-year-old boy. Oncology Letters. 2012;3(3):718–720.

[3]. Akgün I, Ögüt T, Kesmezacar H, Dervisoglu S. Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Orthopedics. 2003;26(11):1131–1135.
[4]. Rene Jorge Abdalla, Moisés Cohen, Jezimar Nóbrega, Andrea Forgas. Synovial giant cell tumor of the knee. Rev Bras Ortop. 2009 Jan; 44(5): 437–440. Published online 2015 Dec 8. doi: 10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30276-7.

[5]. Asik M, Erlap L, Altinel L, Cetic O. Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee. Arthroscopy. 2001;17(6):1–6..

Abstract: End tracheostoma fashioning after laryngectomy is a key step for respiration and voice rehabilitation. However, stomal stenosis affects the quality of patients' life. Aim. To analyse the various techniques of stoma fashioning and the final outcome . Methods . Prospective Observational study.58 patients undergoing laryngectomy were included and followed up for 1 year . Intraoperative skin incision and prior tracheostomy incision were noted. Three separate skin incision with or without tracheal slitting at lateral ends were studied. Results. 69% patients had separate stomal and laryngectomy incision. 16% had transverse slit , 41% had ellipse or smiley shaped skin excision and 12%..........

Keywords: Endtracheostoma, Stomal stenosis

[1]. Trivedi NP, Patel D, Thankappan K, Iyer S, Kuriakose MA. Stomaplasty-anterior advancement flap and lateral splaying of trachea, a simple and effective technique. J Postgrad Med. 2008;54(1):21- 4.
[2]. Wax MK, Touma BJ, Ramadan HH. Tracheostoma stenosis after laryngectomy: Incidence and disposing factors. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;113:242-7.
[3]. Montgomery W. Stenosis of tracheostoma. Arch Otolaryngol. 1962;75:76-8.

[4]. Langenbrunner DJ, Chandler JRTracheal stomal stenosis: causes and correction. . South Med J. 1968 Aug;61(8):838-42.
[5]. Griffith GR, Luce EA. Tracheal stomal stenosis after laryngectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982;70:694-6..