iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2018

Abstract: Background: Sputum smear microscopy is the backbone of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. It is an easy, safe and effective diagnostic method for pulmonary tuberculosis. But, it involves three patient visits to the hospital. We encounter a lot of initial defaulters and, therefore, we need a method to decrease the patient visits without compromising on the results. We compared spot concentrated AFB smear versus spot and home RNTCP AFB smear, and we found the additional diagnostic yield by concentrating spot and home RNTCP specimen and analyzed the results. Materials And Methods: This is a prospective study of 500 tuberculosis suspects who came to the Outpatient Department of the Institute of Thoracic.............

Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis, concentrated AFB smear, initial defaulters, sensitivity of smear

[1]. Selvakumar N,Rahman F,Garg R et al.Evaluation of the phenol ammonium sulphate sedimentation smear microscopy method for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:3017-3020
[2]. Tuberculosis byToman
[3]. Sputum processing methods to improve the sensitivity of smear microscopy for tuberculosis:a systematic review Karen R Steingart et al Lancet Infectious Dis 2006;6:664-74.
[4]. LOST smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases:where are they and why did we lose them?S.B.Squire et al Int J Tuberc Lung Dis9(1):25-31
[5]. Reducing the number of sputum samples examined and thresholds for positivity:an opportunity to optimise smear microscopy M.Bonnet et al Int J Tuberc Lung Dis11(9):953-958..

Abstract: During pregnancy, There is excessive production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant, scavenging oxygen radical and terminating free radical chain reactions. Vit E deficiency during pregnancy may cause abortion, preterm birth, IUGR and low birth weight babies. The relationship between serum Vit E of mother and theirnewborn remain unknown particularly in tropical country like India. The aim of present study was to determine the conc. of Vit E of mothers and their newborns in West Bengal. 50 pair matched bloodsamples were collected from mothers and umbilical cords during delivery. 50 blood samples were also collected from nonpregnant women of same age group. Serum Vit E was measured by colorimetric method. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS-17. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.......

Keywords: Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant, Vitamin E.

[1]. Agarwal A and Allamaneni SS. Role of free radicals in female reproductive diseases and assisted reproduction. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 9: 338-47.
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[3]. Barker DJ. The foetal and infant origin of adult diseases. BMJ 1990; 301: 1111.
[4]. Barker DJ, Gluckman PD, Godfey PD et al. Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular diseases in adult life. Lancet 1993; 341: 938-41.
[5]. Evans HM, Bishop KS. On the existence of a hitherto unrecognised dietary factor essential for reproduction. Science 1922; 56: 650-51..

Abstract: The study aims at ultrasonographic measurement of foetal femur length as a predictor of menstrual age in second and third trimesters and to study their relations by constructing regression equations. It was a prospective cross sectional study done on 304 antenatal Meitei women who were the plain inhabitants of Manipur. They were of 18 to 35 years of age and 13 to 40 weeks of gestation with known date of last day of normal menstrual period of regular 28 days cycle, attending routine Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department and Radiology Department, RIMS, Lamphelpat....... .

Keywords: Fetal femur length (FL), Menstrual age (MA), Regression equation, Last menstrual period (LMP)

[1]. Galan HL, Pandipati S, Filly RA. Ultrasound evaluation of foetal biometry and normal and abnormal growth In: Callen PW, editor. Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynaecology 5th ed. (Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008) p. 225-65.
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[5]. Levine D. Overview of obstetric imaging. In: Rumack CM, Cherboneau JW, Wilson SR, Levine D, editors. Diagnostic ultrasound 4th ed. Vol.2 (Philadelphia: Mosby; 2011) p. 1041-1060..

Abstract: Arch perimeter (AP), inter-canine width (ICW) and inter-molar width(IMW) are essential for diagnosis and treatment planning and are closely related factors in orthodontics. The aim of the present study was to determinethe relationship between arch perimeter (AP), inter-canine width (ICW) and inter-molar width (IMW); and prediction of post-treatment arch perimeter based on pretreatment arch perimeter measurements. The sample included 20 sets of good quality plaster models of 10 males and 10 females with the mean age of 18years (11-26years); each of Angle's Class I bimaxillary protrusion and Class II division 1 malocclusion patients who were treated in MGV'S KBH Dental.............

[1]. Haas AJ. Just the beginning of dentofacial orthodpaedics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1970; 57: 219-55.
[2]. Paulino V, Paredes V, GandiaJL and Cibrian R. Prediction of arch length based on intercanine width. Eur J Orthod2008;30:295–298.
[3]. Ricketts RM , Roth RH , Chaconas SJ , Schulhof RJ , Engel GA. Orthodontic diagnosis and planning. Rocky Mountain Data Systems, Denver, Colorado ,1982 pp. 194 – 200.
[4]. Adkins MD, Nanda RS, Currier GF. Arch perimeter changes on rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1990;97:194-199.
[5]. Motoyoshi M, Hirabayashi M, Shimazaki T, Namura S. Anexperimental study on mandibular expansion: increases in arch width and perimeter. Eur JOrthod2002;24:125–130

Abstract: Rehabilitation of atrophic edentulous ridges poses a clinical challenge, as there is a decreased denture bearing area for support, retention and stability. The resorption occurs at a faster rate in mandibular arch as compared to the maxillary arch. A clinical situation of severely atrophic maxilla with large inter ridge distance often pose a challenge during fabrication of a successful maxillary complete denture. Reducing the weight of the denture by making it hollow, aids in preservation of the existing residual alveolar ridge. This article describes a technique with easy removal of silicone putty from the inner two halves of maxillary denture and thus making the inner area hollow. This ensures that the weight of the maxillary denture is significantly reduced...

Keywords: Atrophic ridge, hollow maxillary denture, light weight denture, silicone putty

[1]. O'Sullivan M, Hansen N, Cronin RJ, Canga DR: The hollow maxillary complete denture:A modified technique. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2004; 91(6):591-594
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Abstract: Introduction: Aims To investigate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurements in fluids.These are more sensitive and specific markers for differentiating between exudates and transudates, as confirmed clinically, than the measurement of fluid total protein concentrations alone. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in the department of medicine and department of biochemistry at Saraswathi institute of medical sciences. Pleural fluid, and ascitic fluid from patients were analysed retrospectively for LDH, cholesterol, and total protein. Clinical classification of transudate or exudate was reached independently by reviewing clinical details and laboratory data..............

Keywords: pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion, pericardial effusion

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[4]. Henderson RF, Muggenburg BA. Bronchoalveolar lavage in animals.

[5]. Henderson RF, Harkema JR, Hotchkiss JA, Boehme DS. Effect of blood leucocyte depletion on the inflammatory response of the lung to quartz. Toxicol App Pharmacol 1991; 109: pp. 127-136.

Abstract: Tuberculosis is one of the most globally serious public health problems, despite its causative organism was discovered more than 100 years and highly effective drugs and vaccines are available making tuberculosis a preventable and curable disease. A clinic based, descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted in a rural block of Burdwan district among 180 adult new pulmonary TB patients for duration of 10 months with the objectives of 1. To study the socio-demographic characteristics of the Tuberculosis patients receiving Directly Observed Treatment Short course chemotherapy. 2. To look for the treatment outcome of those patients and the factors that might influence..........

Keywords: Tuberculosis, treatment outcome, Directly Observed Treatment Short Course Chemotherapy, new pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

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Abstract: OBJETIVES: to review clinical features and related complications of leptospirosis in view of upsurge of leptospirosis in urban population. DESIGN:retrospective observational study SETTING: Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged 60 years and above attending both in-patient and out-patient department with positive Leptospirosis IgM. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a systematic review of 35 patients attending both inpatient and outpatient department with positive Leptospirosis..........

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Abstract: Appendicitis is an acute abdominal case in children often found in surgical clinical practice. Specific and accurate diagnostic methods for predicting acute and perforated appendicitis in children have not been established and is a challenge. Examinations such as CT scans have disadvantages such as radiation risk and unavailability of these facilities in several health service centers, while Ultrasound is not realiable since it is operator dependent and 46% of cases of appendix cannot be evaluated due to individual variations. The most commonly used diagnostic parameters are leukocyte examination, CRP and Procalcitonin as the recently used parameter, where the levels are detected in acute appendicitis and have an increase in perforated cases. Therefore, this study examined the significance of leukocytes, CRP and Procalcitonin in predicting the incidence of acute and perforated appendicitis.........

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Abstract: Introduction: Papaya sap containing papain which is a proteolytic enzymes has the ability to increase collagen degradation so that it is expected to be used for the treatment of keloids. Material and Method: This study was an experimental study with Randomized Controled Trial Post Test Only Design with experimental animal. Scar was exposed with papain enzyme and the changes of density and amount of collagen were evaluated. 30 rats were divided randomly into 10 groups. In group P0, excision was performed after 3 months in scarring without prior injection of papain enzymes. In group P1, the papain enzyme was injected at a dose of 5 mg to scar once; in group P2, the papain enzyme was injected at a dose of 5 mg to scar twice with 7-day interval; in group.........

Key Words: Papain, Collagen density, Hydroxyproline, Scar Tissue, Masson's trichrome staining, Total Collagen assay

[1]. Atiyeh1 B.C., Amm C.A., El Musa K. A. Improved Scar Quality Following Primary and Secondary Healing of Cutaneous Wounds. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2003.
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Abstract: Aim: Oesophagojejunostomy is the major cause of morbidity following total gastrectomy for malignancy. This study was done to compare the short term and long term outcomes between stapled versus hand sewn oesophagojejunal anastomosis after total gastrectomy for oesophagogastric junction carcinoma and proximal gastric carcinoma. Methods:This is a retrospective study of 63 patients who underwent total gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of OG junction & proximal stomach at the Institute of Surgical Gastroenterology, Centre of Excellence for Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Rajiv Gandhi Government General hospital, Chennai from August 2014 to July 2017. The study population was divided into...........

[1]. Hartgrink HH, Jansen EP , van Grieken NC, van de Velde CJ. Gastric cancer.Lancet.2009; 374(9688):477-90.Epub 2009 Jul 20.
[2]. Degiuli M, Sasako M, Calgaro M, Garino M, Rebecchi F, Mineccia M et al. Morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 gastrectomy for cancer: interim analysis of the Italian Gastric Cancer Study Group (IGCSG) randomised surgical trial. Eur J SurgOncol. 2004; 30(3):303-8.
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[4]. Nomura S, Sasako M, Katai H, Sano T, Maruyama K et al. Decreasing complication rates after stapled esophagojejunostomy following a learning curve. Gastric Cancer. 2000;3(2):97-101.
[5]. Seufert RM, Schmidt-Matthiesen A, Beyer A et al. Total gastrectomy and oesophagojejunostomy—a prospective randomized trial of handsewn versus mechanically stapled anastomoses. Br J Surg 1990; 77:50-2..

Abstract: In spite of frequency of Acute&chronic urticaria there are few studies of its prevalence and causes, aetiology. Appropriate management of urticaria depends on the correct evaluation of clinical patterns and causes where these can be identified. Guidance for treatment is presented, based on the strength of evidence available at the time of preparation. As many of the recommendations relate to the off-licence use of drugs, it is particularly important that clinicians should be familiar with dosing and side-effects of treatment in the context of managing urticaria. Materials and Methods:Patients who attended the Dermato-venereology out-patient department of S.V.R.R Govt.General Hospital,Tirupati with...........

Keywords: Chronic urticaria; Idiopathic urticaria; itching; cold urticaria; chronic sponeous/idiopathic urticaria; physical urticaria; inducible urticaria; weals; hives; guidelines

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Abstract: The rise of cases of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension and diabetes in developing countries is due to the sedentary lifestyles. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 4-week treadmill exercise on the blood pressure of young adult males. Methods:50 young healthy adult male who joined the grid iron gym was selected for the study. The mean SBP and DBP of the subject were taken pre and post 4 weeks treadmill exercise for the comparison. Results: This study shows that the 4-week treadmill exercise was effective in significantly reducing mean SBP and mean DBP by 2.76mm Hg and 1.49mm Hg respectively Conclusions:The risk of stroke and CHD is directly related to level of BP throughout the normotensive and hypertensive range. By reducing the SBP and DBP by life style modification and proper exercise we can reduce the case of mortality and morbidity due to hypertension, stroke and CHD..

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Abstract: This paper describes the case of a diabetic woman presenting with leg ulcer which was later diagnosed as WHO Category I Buruli ulcer. The ulcer predated her presentation to the hospital and she was subsequently referred to the Tuberculosis Unit of a tertiary healthcare for Buruli ulcer treatment alongside her medication for diabetes type 2..

Keywords: Buruli ulcer, Mycobacterium ulcerans, diabetes mellitus

[1]. I. Maman, T. Tchacondo, A.B. Kere, E. Piten, et al, Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli Ulcer) in Togo ─ a case-control study in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region, BMC Infectious Diseases,18, 2018, 48-58.
[2]. C. Booker, Flesh-eating Buruli ulcer cases soar as disease spreads to Melbourne, The Age, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 2016. Available at: http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/flesheating-buruli-ulcer-cases-soar-as -disease-spreads-to-melbourne-20160804-gqksnw.html. Accessed July 14, 2018.
[3]. F.S. Sarfo, R. Phillips, M. Wansbrough-Jones, and R.E. Simmonds, Recent advances: role of mycolactone in the pathogenesis and monitoring of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection/Buruli ulcer disease, Cell Microbiol 18, 2016, 17–29.

[4]. K.N. Ukwaja, A.O. Meka, A. Chukwuka, K.B. Asiedu, et al, Buruli ulcer in Nigeria: results of a pilot case study in three rural districts, Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 5, 2016, 39.
[5]. A.A. Oke, I.O. Komolafe, O.P. Akinwale, P. Gyang, et al, Index Cases of Buruli ulcer Disease in Three States of South-West, Nigeria – A Preliminary Study, IOSR J Pharm and Biological Sciences 13(2)Ver.V, 2018, 51-56

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of 4-Allyl-2-Methoxyphenol (Eugenol)on Red Blood cells in restraint stress induced wistar albino rats. Methods:For each test, respective animal models were used. Animals were divided into five groups of six animals each as Group I Negative control (Unstressed, untreated), Group II Positive control (received vehicle alone Polyglycerol {PG}), Group III treated alone(TA) with Eugenol (150 mg/kg b.w.), Group IV Restraint stress alone (SA), Group V treated with Eugenol and restraint stress (T/S) (150 mg/kg b.w.). The treatment was given for 15 days.At the end of the 15thday,the hematological parameters (RBC and relative parameters)were measured..........

Keywords: Eugenol, Hematological Parameter,Wistar Albino Rats.

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