iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2019

Abstract: High blood pressure, i.e., hypertension is very much prevalent worldwide. In the year 1990 around 2.3 million deaths were caused by cardiovascular diseases in India only and by the year 2020 it is projected that this number will go two times i.e. double this number. Vitamin D deficiency is also another prevailing across the world. Stats have shown that vitamin D insufficiency prevails among almost 50% of the total world's population which is a huge number. Vitamin D deficiency and hypertension has a proven relationship which is proved across the world by many studies. The present study was carried out to study the correlation between the serum Vitamin D3 levels with essential hypertension. Total 100 patients suffering from essential hypertension above 30 years of age were selected for the study. The study concluded that there is a significant association between vitamin D3 level and hypertension..

[1]. https://www.healthline.com/health/essential-hypertension
[2]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14730320
[3]. Li, Y. C. (2003). Vitamin D regulation of the renin–angiotensin system. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 88(2), 327-331.
[4]. Ajabshir S, Asif A, Nayer A. The effects of vitamin D on the renin-angiotensin system. Journal of nephropathology. 2014;3(2):41.
[5]. Jeong HY, Park KM, Lee MJ, Yang DH, Kim SH, Lee SY. Vitamin D and hypertension. Electrolytes & Blood Pressure. 2017 Sep 1;15(1):1-1.

Abstract: Background: The access to healthcare is the primary right of the citizen. One of the important things to achieve such objective is by reporting of the adverse reactions by medications. In India the existing system for monitoring ADRs depends on spontaneous reporting from health professionals as a main source of information. Consumer's knowledge and perception towards adverse drug reactions & there reporting can play an important role in ensuring a healthy lifestyle and proper use of medicines. Aim & Objective: a)To get the knowledge regarding ADR & pharmacovigilance among consumers of healthcare service,s b)To aware the consumers about the Adverse Drug Reaction & its reporting system Methods: Every third patient or their attendant in the different.....

Keywords: Adverse drug reaction, Pharmacovigilance, ADR reporting system, Pharmacovigilance Programme of India

[1]. Gupta YK. Ensuring patient safety—launching the new pharmacovigilance programme of India. Pharma Times. 2010;42(8):21–6.
[2]. Olsson S. The need for pharmacovigilance In: Gupta SK. Pharmacology and therapeutics in the new millennium. Narosa publishing house, New Delhi 2001 502-8.
[3]. Lee A, Thomas SHL. Adverse drug reactions In: Walker R and Edward C. Clinical pharmacy and Therapeutics. 3rd edition Churchill Livingstone 2003, 33-46.
[4]. Davies EC, Green CF, Taylor S, Williamson PR, Mottram DR, Pirmohamed M. Adverse drug reactions in hospital in-patients: a prospective analysis of 3695 patient-episodes. PLoS One. 2009;4(2):e4439.
[5]. The importance of pharmacovigilance. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2002.

Abstract: Background: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of 21st century. Although obesity affects all age groups, the prevalence of childhood obesity is at a rise. Obese children exhibit a tendency to develop abnormal cardiac geometry and left ventricular hypertrophy. Initially it was thought that this association between obesity and left ventricular hypertrophy occurs in response to systemic hypertension, but later several studies demonstrated that the relationship between obesity and left ventricular hypertrophy is independent of hypertension Aim & objective: To find out any relation between childhood obesity and left ventricular hypertrophy and to determine whether the association between childhood obesity and left ventricular hypertrophy is independent of hypertension or not........

Keyword: obesity,left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index, hypertention

[1]. Han JC, Lawlor DA, Kimm SYS. Childhood obesity. Lancet (London, England) [Internet]. 2010 May 15;375(9727):1737–48. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451244
[2]. Devereux RB. Detection of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy by M mode Echocardiography. Hypertens (suppl 2) [Internet]. 9(2). Available from: http://hyper.ahajournals.org
[3]. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)(2017) Lancet 16;390:2627-2642.
[4]. Abel ED, Litwin SE, Sweeney G. Cardiac remodeling in obesity. Physiol Rev [Internet]. 2008 Apr;88(2):389–419. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18391168
[5]. Chinali M, de Simone G, Roman MJ, Lee ET, Best LG, Howard B V., et al. Impact of Obesity on Cardiac Geometry and Function in a Population of Adolescents. J Am Coll Cardiol [Internet]. 2006 Jun;47(11):2267–73. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S073510970600619X

Abstract: Acute generalized peritonitis from gastrointestinal hollow viscous perforation is a potentially life threatening condition. The prognosis of peritonitis remains poor despite development in diagnosis and management. Early identification of patients with severe peritonitis may help in selecting patients for aggressive surgical approach1-3. Grading the severity of acute peritonitis has assisted in no small way in decision making and has improved therapy in the management of severely ill patients4. Empirically based risk assessment for important clinical events has been extremely useful in evaluating new therapies, in monitoring resources for effective use and improving quality of care5-6. Many scoring systems have been designed and used successfully to grade the severity of acute peritonitis like, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (apache) ii score, simplified acute physiology score (saps), sepsis severity score (sss), ranson score.....

[1]. Bohnen J, Boulanger M, Meakins JL, Mclean APH. Prognosis in generalized peritonitis: relation to cause and risk factors. Arch Surg. 1983;118:285-90.
[2]. Giessling U, Petersen S, Freitag M, Kleine-Kraneburg H, Ludwig K. Surgical management of severe peritonitis. ZentralblChir. 2002;127:594-97.
[3]. Farthmann EH, Schoffel U. Principles and limitations of operative management of intra-abdominal infections. World J Surg.1990;14:210-17.
[4]. Ponting GA, Sim AJW, Dudley, HAF. Comparison of local and systemic Sepsis in predicting survival. Br J Surg. 1987;74:75052
[5]. Bion J. Outcome in Intensive care. BMJ. 1993;307:953-54.

Abstract: Background: Diagnostic laparoscopy is minimally invasive surgery for the diagnosis of intra-abdominal diseases. Patient with acute abdominal pain are challenging for both diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. Diagnostic laparoscopy is now almost unanimously accepted as the preferred approach for treatment of many diseases, Diagnostic laparoscopy not only facilitate to diagnosis of intra-abdominal diseases but also therapeutic interventions possible in the hand of properly trained laparoscopic surgeon, it is possible due to improvement in instrumentation and greater experience with therapeutic procedures. Material and Methods: This is Prospective observational study, From May 2003 to April 2006, 3 year duration included 50 patients presenting with acute abdominal pain, admitted in surgical wards at Tertiary care Hospital, underwent laparoscopic examination and treatment.....

Key Words: Diagnostic Laparoscopy, Acute Abdominal pain, Appendicitis, Cholecystitis.

[1]. Jacobaeus HC: Uber die Moglichkeit, die Zystskopie being, Untersuchungseroser Hoh lungen, Onzuwenden, Munch, med Wochenschr 57:2090-2092,190
[2]. Kalk H, Bruhl W,:Leitfaden der " Laparoscopy and Gastroskopie : Stuttgart, Thieme, 1951,pp 1-150
[3]. Laurel H, Hansson LE, Gunnarsson U, " Diagnostic pitfalls and accuracy of diagnosis in acute abdominal pain" Scand J Gastroenterol 2006;41(10):1126-31
[4]. Glaser MH, Goldberg E: " acute abdominal pain" med clinic North Am 2006;90:481-503
[5]. Eric C Poulin, Christopher M Schlachta, Joe Mamazza " early laparoscopy help to diagnose acute non specific abdominal pain" the Lancet, vol 355, issue 9207, P861-863, March 11, 2000

Abstract: Background: Connective tissue diseases are a group of disorders with inflammatory and immunological changes in connective tissues and blood vessels. They present with various cutaneous manifestations. Objective: The study was conducted to know various cutaneous manifestations of connective tissue diseases. Materials and methods: This prospective/longitudinal study conducted in 40 patients of clinically diagnosed connective tissue diseases in a tertiary care hospital during a period of one year from March 2018 to 2019. Cutaneous LE, Systemic sclerosis, Dermatomyositis and MCTD were included in study. Drug induced cases were excluded. History, detailed cutaneous examination, investigations was done in all patients. Cutaneous features were enumerated......

Keywords: Connective tiisue diseases, Dermatomyositis, Lupus erythematosus, MCTD, Systemic sclerosis

[1]. Jan p.Dutz,Heidi T.jacobe.Rheumatologic Dermatology.In: Bolognia JL,SchafferJV,editors.Bolognia Text Book of Dermatology,China:Elsevier; 2018.p.648-92.
[2]. Kuhn A, Sticherling M, Bonsmann G. Clinical manifestations of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen B Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 2007 Dec;5(12):1124-37.
[3]. Mark Goodfield. Lupus erythematosus. In: Griffiths CE BJ, Bleiker T,Chalmers R,Creamer D, editor. Rooks Textbook of Dermatology. 9th ed. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell; 2016. p. 51-54.
[4]. Krieg T, Takehara K. Skin disease : a cardinal feature of systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology 2009;48:iii14-18.
[5]. Holden DJ, Brownell AKW, Fritzler MJ. Clinical and serological features of patient with polymyositis or dermatomyosistis. Can med assoc J 1985;132:649-53..

Abstract: Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is an essential reason for neonatal mortality and neurological morbidity. Birth asphyxia occurs when a baby does not receive enough oxygen before, during or after birth. Perinatal asphyxia remains a common problem in the neonatal nursery and is a significant cause of morbidity and death in the term and preterm neonate. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study was conducted in NICU of Dr. MR Khan Shishu Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to June 18. In total 125 neonates with perinatal asphyxia.....

Keywords: Acute kidney injury, Perinatal asphyxia, Neonates, Oliguria

[1]. World Health Organization. Basic Newborn resuscitation. A practical guide. World Health Organization; Geneva, 1997.
[2]. Gupta B, Pramod S, et al. The incidence of renal failure in asphyxiated neonates and to correlate severity and type of renal failure with Apgar score and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) grading of the neonates. Indian Pediatrics 2005; 42:928-934.
[3]. Carter B, McNabb F. Prospective validation of a scoring system for predicting neonatal morbidity after acute perinatal asphyxia. J Pediatr.1998; 132: 619-23.
[4]. Adams-Chapman I, Stoll B. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2007. Nervous system disorders. p. 718.
[5]. Hansen, Anne R., and Soul, J. S. "Perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy." Manual of Neonatal Care. 7th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 71128 (2011).

Abstract: Oligomeganephronia is a rare renal anomaly that leads to renal insufficiency in childhood or adolescence. It is morphologically characterized by a decreased number of nephrons with a compensatory hypertrophy of the remanining glomeruli and tubules. The disease belongs to the spectrum of kidney hypoplasias. Oligomeganephronia possesses a rather specific post-contrast computed-tomographic appearance, which paradoxically could present somewhat of a dignostic challenge due to the rarity and lack of sufficient awareness of the condition. We present a review of the contemporaryliterature available about this disease, illustrated with a case from our own practice of a 14-year-old patient with oligomeganephronia.

Keywords: oligomeganephronia, renal anomalies, radiology, nephrology, renal hypoplasia

[1]. Abdelraheem M, Watson AR, McCulloch TA. Oligomeganephronia: An Unexpected Cause of Chronic Renal Failure. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl.2004;15:53-6
[2]. Alves RJV, Oppermann K, Schein LE, Pêgas KL. A case of late-onset oligomeganephronia. JornalBrasileiro de Nefrologia. 2012;34(4):392-394. doi:10.5935/0101-2800.20120030
[3]. Broyer M, Soto B, Gagnadoux MF, et al.Oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia. AdvNephrol.1997;26:47-63
[4]. Drukker A. Oligonephropathy: From a rare childhood disorder to a possible health problem in the adult. Isr Med Assoc J. 2002;4(3):191-195.
[5]. Fetterman CH, Habib R. Congenital bilateral oligonephronic renalhypoplasia with hypertrophy of nephrons (oligomeganephronie). Am JClinPathol.1969;52:199±207...

Abstract: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm. It is seen in both, adults and children and shows a slight female predilection. Tumors of minor salivary gland may arise, anywhere, in the oral cavity. However, malignant salivary gland tumor is uncommon in palatine tonsil and only few cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) in tonsil have been reported. Histologically it comprises of a mixture of cell types including mucous, epidermoid, and intermediate cells that can be arranged in solid nests or cystic structures. The present paper is aimed to describe an unusual case of MEC arising from palatine tonsil..

[1]. M. E. Guay and P. Lavertu, "Tonsillar carcinoma," EuropeanArchives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, vol. 252, no. 5, pp. 259–264,1995.
[2]. G. S. Mizono, R. F. Diaz, K. K. Fu, and R. Boles, "Carcinoma ofthe tonsillar region," Laryngoscope, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 240–244,1986.
[3]. S. M. Golas, "Trends in palatine tonsillar cancer incidence andmortality rates in the United States," Community Dentistry andOral Epidemiology, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 98–108, 2007.
[4]. A. L´opez-Guillermo, L. Colomo, M. Jim´enez et al., "Diffuselarge B-cell lymphoma: clinical and biological characterizationand outcome according to the nodal or extranodal primaryoriginc," Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 2797–2804, 2005.
[5]. A. Dalgic, O. Karakoc, U. Aydin et al., "Minor salivary glandneoplasms," Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, vol. 25, no. 3, pp.e289–e291, 2014.

Abstract: Preserving the dental enamel structure during removal of orthodontic brackets is a clinician's obligation. Debonding aims to remove orthodontic attachments and all remaining adhesives from the tooth and to restore the surface to its permanent state as much as possible. The occurrence of scarring on the enamel surface after adhesive removal appears to be inevitable but, the damage can be reduced to a negligible level if selecting a proper technique. This review discusses about the various materials used for debonding of brackets and the damage caused to the enamel due to debonding of brackets.

Keywords: Dental debonding, Enamel, Orthodontics, LASER

[1]. Buonocore MG. A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces. J Dent Res. 1955;34:849-53.
[2]. Hosein I, Sherriff M, Irland AJ. Enamel loss during bonding, debonding, and cleanup with use of a self-etching primer. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2004;126:717-24
[3]. Graber TM, Swain BF. Orthodontics currents principles and techniques. Ch. 8 Taypee brothers India. 1991; pp: 485-563.
[4]. Thomas B W, Hook C R, Draughn R A 1996 laser-aided degradation of composite resin. Angle orthodontist 66:281-286.
[5]. Radlanski R J 2001 A new carbide finishing but for bracket de bonding. Journal of orofacial orthopaedics 62:296-304..

Abstract: Percutaneous coronary intervention is carried out via a catheter inserted into the arterial system from a femoral, brachial or radial artery. The transfemoral approach has dominated the growth of percutaneous coro-nary intervention over the past 3 decades, but more recently radial access has gained increasing popularity, mainly because of perceived advantages for patient safety.1 Coronary artery disease has had high morbidity and mortality for a long time. To date percutaneous co-ronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty are standard diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for coronary artery disease respectively. The common femoral artery has long been the access site for doing coronary angiography and angioplasty. Femoral artery has been the preferred site of access because of the larger size and the larger diagnostic and angioplasty guiding catheters being used lately.....

[1]. National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK). Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation: The Acute Management of Myocardi-al Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation [Internet]. London: Royal College of Physicians (UK); 2013 Jul. (NICE Clinical Guide-lines, No. 167.) 7, Radial versus femoral arterial access for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK259079/
[2]. Cantor WJ, Ko DT, Natarajan MK, Džavík V, Wijeysundera HC, Wang JJT et al. Reperfusion Times for Radial Versus Femoral Access in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Observations From the Cardiac Care Network Provincial Primary PCI Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015; 8: e002097.
[3]. Bhat FA1, Changal KH2,3, Raina H1, Tramboo NA1, Rather HA1. Transradial versus transfemoral approach for coronary angio-graphy and angioplasty - A prospective, randomized comparison. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017 Jan 11;17(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12872-016-0457-2.
[4]. Romagnoli E1, Biondi-Zoccai G, Sciahbasi A, Politi L, Rigattieri S, Pendenza G, Summaria F, Patrizi R, Borghi A, Di Russo C, Moretti C, Agostoni P, Loschiavo P, Lioy E, Sheiban I, Sangiorgi G. Radial versus femoral randomized investigation in ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: the RIFLE-STEACS (Radial Versus Femoral Randomized Investigation in ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Dec 18;60(24):2481-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.06.017. Epub 2012 Aug 1

Abstract: Gall stones are known to produce diverse histological changes in the gallbladder such as inflammation, precursor lesions of malignancy and even malignancy. The aim of our study was to analyse the histological lesions and to determine the frequency of gall bladder lesions in children and adults at Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada. This study has been conducted in the department of Pathology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhrapradesh from July 2017 to June 2019. This study comprises 250 cholecystectomy specimens that were received in the department of Pathology during this period. The age, sex distribution and the incidence of various gall bladder lesions were studied based on histopathological findings. 164 (65.6%) cases had Chronic cholecystitis followed by Acute cholecystitis 10 (4%) and Chronic acalculous cholecystitis in 43 (17.2%) , Cholestelosis.....

Key Words: Gall bladder, Cholecystitis, Gall stones

[1]. Mehariya MK, Patel MB, Dhotre SV. Histopathological Study of gall bladder. Int J Res Med. 2014;3(4):96-9. ISSN:2320-2742
[2]. Sharma H, Sharma MK, Gupta G. Evaluation of histological changes in chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis of human gallbladder. Int J Anat Res 2014;2(4):752-6 . DOI: 10.16965/ ijar.2014.540
[3]. Carey MC. Pathogenesis of gallstones. The American journal of surgery. 1993 Apr 30;165(4):410-9.
[4]. Wang RT, Xu XS, Liu J et al.Gallbladder carcinoma: analysis of prognostic factors in 132 cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(6):2511-4.
[5]. Dowerah S, Deori R. A Study of Benign Histopathological Changes in Cholecystectomy Specimen: Experience at a Referral Hospital. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2016;3(8):2392-4..