iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2019

Abstract: Objective: The goal of this study was to determine preferred learning styles of first year medical students of Bankura Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, a rural medical college of West Bengal, India. Methods: A cross sectional study of first year medical students with 65 male and 30 female (n=95) was performed. The validated VARK questionnaire Version7 was used to categorize the preferred mode of learning styles of students. The questionnaire consists of 16 items which identify four different learning styles: visual, aural, reading/writing, and kinesthetic. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the learning styles of the students.....

Key Words: Learning style, learning preference, the VARK, First year medical students, rural medical college.

[1]. LdPride. (n.d.). What are learning styles? Retrieved October 17, 2008.
[2]. Leite, Walter L, Svinicki, Marilla , Shi, Yuying. 2009. Attempted Validation of the Scores of the VARK: Learning Styles Inventory With Multitrait–Multimethod Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models SAGE Publications: 2.
[3]. Thomas F. Hawk, Amit J. Shah. Using Learning Style Instruments to Enhance Student Learning. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education [serial online]. 2007. Available from: URL: doi:10.1111/j.1540-4609.2007.00125.x
[4]. Fleming N. 2007. VARK: a guide to learning styles [cited 2011 24 July 2011]; Available from http://www.varklearn.com/english/index.asp
[5]. Fleming N. 1995. I'm different; not dumb: modes of presentation (VARK) in the tertiary classroom. In: Canberra Z, editor. Research and Development in Higher Education: Proceedings of the 1995 Annual Conference of the Higher Education and Research Development Society of Australia. p. 303-18.

Abstract: Aims: To detect the presence of alterations in the morphology and course of the inferior alveolar canal and determine the prevalence of anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve and classify it according to its presence. Method: After the approval of ethical committee of the institution, CBCT scans were selected using simple randomized sampling techniquefrom the patients visiting the radiologist at a private dental radiology service over a period of 2 years. Inferior alveolar canal was thoroughly studied and variations in its course and configuration and presence of anterior loop were no.....

Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography, Inferior alveolar canal, Anterior loop

[1]. DrakeRL,VoglW,MichaelAWM.Grays anatomy for students.1sted.Newyork:Elsevier;2006.p.1,747.
[2]. Apostolakis D, Brown J. The anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve: prevalence, measurement of its length and a recommendation for interforaminal implant installation based on cone beam CT imaging. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012; 23:1022-1030.
[3]. Uchida Y, Yamashita Y, Goto M, Hanihara T. Measurement of anterior loop length for the mandibular canal and diameter of the mandibular incisive canal to avoid nerve damage when Installing endoseous implants in the interforaminal region. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;65:1772–1779.
[4]. White SC, Heslop EW, Hollender LG et al. Parameters of radiologic care: An official report of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod 2001;91:498-511.
[5]. Oztuk A, Anitha P, Alexander R. Position and course of the mandibular canal in skulls. Oral surg Oral med Oral pathol Oral RadiolEndod 2011Feb;20:1-6.

Abstract: Crouzon syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by craniosynostosis showing premature closure of one or more cranial sutures leading to skull deformities. It commonly has autosomal dominant inheritance with complete penetrance and variable expressivity. It is characterized by brachycephaly, shallow orbits resulting in ocular proptosis with or without divergent strabismus, orbital hypertelorism, hypoplasia of maxilla and bifid uvula.Our paper reports the diagnosis of this rare syndrome in a 8 year old male child based on clinical features.

Key Words: Craniofacial dysostosis, craniosynostosis, crouzon syndrome, exophthalmos.

[1]. Kalanjiam V, Manoharan GVMG. Crouzon syndrome - A rare case report. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2017;11(4):74–5
[2]. Mohan RS, Vemanna NS, Verma S, Agarwal N. Crouzon Syndrome: Clinico-Radiological Illustration of a Case. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2012;2(4):70.
[3]. Phupong V, Srichomthong C, Shotelersuk V. Prenatal exclusion of Crouzon syndrome by mutation analysis of FGFR2. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2004;35:977-9
[4]. Stephanie Gonçalves Carneiro, Dorivaldo Lopes da Silva, Angélica Cristina Pezzin Palheta, Francisco Xavier Palheta Neto, Cláudio Tobias Acatauassú Nunes, Thaís Oliveira Ferreira, et al. Crouzon's syndrome literature review. Intt Arch Otorhinolaryngol Sao Paulo 2008;12:436-41
[5]. Taglialatela Scafati C, Aliberti F, Taglialatela Scafati S, Mangone GM, Taglialatela Scafati M. The value of the maxillo-malar osteotomy in the treatment of Crouzon syndrome with exorbitism. Ann Plast Surg 2008;61:285-9.

Abstract: A randomized study was conducted to know the efficacy of use of Hydroxyapatite as a bone graft substitute in union of fractures and other bone defects. Ofsurgeons and periodontists need to fill defects in the bone or augment deficient bone. Bone harvested from donor sit the 37 defects in 33 patients, union was seen in 29 patients. Average follow-up was 7.9 months of the available 29 patients for follow up, ranging from 1.5 to 21 months. The mean defect size was 4.9 cu.cm. Non union and tumor recurrence were seen in 1 patient each. Minor complications such as soft tissue infiltration of hydroxyapatite, superficial infection and wound gaping causing nodule formation and pain were noted in few patients. Superficial infection responded adequately to regular dressings and proper antibiotics and pain following the nodule formation gradually subsided over a period of 5-6 months. Conclusion This study concludes that hydroxyapatite can be a useful bone graft substitute with avoidance of donor site morbidity. Complications arising by use of hydroxyapatite per se, are readily manageable.

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[3]. Chapman MW, Bucholz R Cornell C: Treatment of acute fractures with a collagen - calcium phosphate graft material. J Bone and Joint Surg, 79-A (4) : 495 - 502, 1997[4]. Cornell CN: Osteoconductive materials and their role as substitutes for autogenous bone grafts. Orthop. Clin. North Am. , 30 (4) : 591 - 598, 1999.
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Abstract:Diseases of gallbladder are one of the important causes of abdominal morbidity which are ignored because of lack of specific signs and symptoms. Gall stone disease is chronic recurrent disease of hepatobiliary system characterized by formation of gallstones due to impaired metabolism of bile acids, billirubin and cholesterol.

[1]. Bailey and Love short practice of surgery 25th Edition chapter 63
[2]. Mastery of surgery, 5th edition, chapter 97
[3]. Singh V, Trikha B, Nain CK, Singh K, Bose SM. Epidemiology of gallstonedisease in India: A community-based study. Journal of Gastroenterology 2001;16: 560-563.
[4]. Evolution of cholecystectomy:A tribute to Carl August Langenbuch. IndianJournal of Surgery 2004;66:97-100
[5]. Gray's anatomy, 39th edition, page no. 243-245

Abstract: Background: Neonatal sepsis and perinatal asphyxia are still among the leading two causes of neonatal mortality in the developing countries like India. It has been shown in many previous studies that many newborn babies have significantly low thyroid status during sickness. Objectives: 1. To study Thyroid status of sick term newborns in relation with perinatal asphyxia & Neonatal sepsis. 2. To compare the thyroid status of sick newborns with normal term newborn babies. 3. To correlate immediate neonatal outcome in sick newborns........

Keywords: hypothyroxinemia, sick newborns

[1]. Vidyasagar D. A global view of advancing neonatal health and survival. J Perinatol 2002; 22:513-5.
[2]. National Neonatology Forum. Report of National Neonatal Perinatal Database 2000 New Delhi.
[3]. McGuire W 2006 Perinatal asphyxia. Clin Evid511-519
[4]. Fisher DA. Disorders of thyroid in the newborn and infant. In: Sperling MA, editor. Pediatric Endocrinology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2002. p. 161-86.
[5]. Hadeed AJ, Asay LD, Klein AH, Fisher DA. Significance of transient postnatal hypothyroxinemia in premature infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatrics 1981;68(4):494-8.

Abstract: According to the present scenario in orthodontics,mini- implants have become a boon for anchorage due to various reasons such as easy insertion and retrieval, inconspicuous and highly patient compliant. The site of placement of the mini-implant is of prime concern especially when the site is in between teeth for, it may have a risk of injury of root of teeth.Hence, it is of utmost importance to select the site by clinical and radiographic evaluation.Numerous techniques have been introduced to ease the placement of the mini-implantbut they require lot of time for guide fabrication or faulty radiographic interpretation.This Article shows a new mini-implant placement guide which is less time consuming,fabrication friendly,reliable and more accurate for the insertion of implant.

[1]. Felicita, A.Sumathi. (2013). A simple three-dimensional stent for proper placement of mini-implant. Progress in orthodontics. 14. 45. 10.1186/2196-1042-14-45.
[2]. Papageorgiou, Spyridon&Zogakis, Ioannis& Papadopoulos, Moschos. (2012). Failure rates and associated risk factors of orthodontic miniscrew implants: A meta-analysis. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 142. 577-595.e7. 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.05.016.
[3]. Kyung, Hee-Moon & Park, Hyo-Sang &Bae, Seong-Min & Sung, Jae Hyun & Kim, Il-Bong. (2003). Development of orthodontic micro-implants for intraoral anchorage. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO. 37. 321-8; quiz 314.
[4]. Carano, Aldo &Velo, Stefano & Leone, Paola &Siciliani, Giuseppe. (2005). Clinical applications of the Miniscrew Anchorage System. Journal of clinical orthodontics: JCO. 39. 9-24; quiz 29.
[5]. Kuroda, Shingo & Yamada, Kazuyo&Deguchi, Toru & Hashimoto, Takashi & Kyung, Hee-Moon & Takano-Yamamoto, Teruko. (2007). Root proximity is a major factor for screw failure in orthodontic anchorage. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 131. S68-73. 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.06.017

Abstract: Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Penetrating chest trauma is generally less common but more deadly than blunt chest trauma.Penetrating chest injury is frequently acutely life threatening. So, appropriate and timely diagnosis of chest injury is important to reduce the mortality and morbidity.This is an observational cross-section study in tertiary hospital located in the northeasternmost corner of India. All patients with penetrating chest injury with or without other associated injuries like head, abdominal or bony injuries were included in this study.27 patients were analysed for age, sex, mechanism of injury, management and complications.Majority of them were firearm injuries (48.14%) and all were due to metallic spherical shot resulting from unintentional firing during hunting except in one case which was due to high velocity bullet from a handgun. Seven patients (25.92%).......

[1]. Farooq U, Raza W, Zia N, Hanif M, Khan MM. Classification and management of chest trauma. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2006;16(2):101-3. [2]. LoCicero J 3rd, Mattox KL. Epidemiology of chest trauma. SurgClin North Am. 1989 Feb. 69 (1):15-9.
[3]. Inci I, Ozçelik I, Tacyildiz O, Nizam N, Eren G, Ozen DB. Penetrating chest injuries: unusually high incidence of high velocity gunshot wounds in civilian practice. World J Surg 1998; 22: 438 – 442.
[4]. AghaeiAfshar M, Mangeli F, Nakhaei A. Evaluation of injuries caused by penetrating chest trauma in patients referred to the emergency room. Indian J Surg (May-June 2015) 77(3):191-194.
[5]. Shorr RM, Crittenden M, Indeck M, Hartunian SI, Rodriguez A. Blunt thoracic trauma. Analysis of 515 patients. Ann Surg 2004;206:200-205

Abstract: Background: Securing the cystic duct and artery is the most important step in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Several techniques are followed for the same, such as clips, intra or extra corporeal ligation, harmonic scalpel, LigaSure etc. Intracorporeal ligation has the advantage of using standard knotting method, without the need for extracorporeal knot creation, pushing device, accessing appropriate tension without the risk of cutting through the tissue and the ability to secure knot in difficult locations. Single ligation of cystic artery and duct (SLAD), as No clip laparoscopic cholecystectomy (NCLC) is time saving, as both the duct and artery are secured in a single ligature.......

Key words: Cystic duct and artery, Laparoscopic Cholcystectomy, Single ligation of cystic artery and duct , No Clip Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

[1]. Amman K, Kiesenebner J, Gadenstatter M et al. Embolism of a metallic clip: an unusual complication following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Dig Surg 2000; 17: 542-4.
[2]. Ng WT, Kong CK, Lee WM. Migration of three endoclips following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Roy Coll Surg Edinb 1999; 44: 200-2.
[3]. Chong VH, Yim HB, Lim CC. Clip-induced biliary stone. Singapore Med J 2004; 45: 533.
[4]. Kandil T, El Nakeeb A, El Hefnawy E. Comparative Study between Clipless Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy by Harmonic Scalpel Versus Conventional Method: A Prospective Randomized Study. J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 14: 323-8.
[5]. Matthews BD, Pratt BL, Backus CL et al. Effectiveness of the ultrasonic coagulating shears, Ligasure vessel sealer, and surgical clip application in biliary surgery. Amer Surg 2001; 67: 901-6.

Abstract: Introduction: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV, CMV) is a ubiquitous agent that can cause infection at any time during the course of life . Infections by CMV are an important health problem in certain patient populations, such as newborns, organ recipients and HIV seropositive patients. The prevalence of CMV ranges from 40 - 100%in many parts of the world.(1) CMV remains latent in the host throughout life and rarely reactivates to cause clinical illness in immunocompromised patients. (2-4)This study reports on the high prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and Ig M antibodies to CMV and the risk factors for CMV infection among HIV/AIDS patients. Materials and methods: A total of 50known HIV seropositive patients were included in the study who were admitted at Govt General & Chest Hospital, Hyderabad during the period of March to July 2006.Socio-demographic data and 5 ml blood samples.......

[1]. Spector SA, Wong R, Hsia K, et al. Plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load predicts CMV disease and survival in AIDS patients. J Clin Invest. 1998; 101: 497-502.
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[5]. Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Stool E, Musher DM et al. Diagnosing and treating Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect dis 1996;23:76-81.

Abstract: Maxillectomy defects can result in oroantral communication that causes difficulty in mastication, deglutition, impaired speech and facial disfigurement. The prosthodontist plays an important role in the rehabilitation of such defects with obturators. In this case report, we have fabricated definitive closed hollow bulb obturator for 54 year old male patient using thermoplastic resin sheet.This technique is simple, reduces laboratory time and is completely covered with heat-cured acrylic resin. Closed hollow obturator prosthesis helped in functional rehabilitation and improving quality of life of the patient..

Keywords: Cast metal Framework, Closed hollow bulb, Maxillectomy, Obturator

[1]. Da Breo, EL. Chapter 80: maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation of acquired defects. Available from: www.famona.tripod.com/ent /cummings/cumm080.pdf
[2]. T. D. Taylor, Clinical Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Quintessence Publishing, 2000.
[3]. "The glossary of prosthodontic terms," Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2005; 94(1) 10–92.
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[5]. Y.-L.Wu and N. G. Schaaf, "Comparison of weight reduction in different designs of solid and hollow obturator prostheses." J Prosthet Dent. 1989; 62(2): 214–217

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the study is that mammography screening for breast cancer is widely available in many countries. The goal of screening mammography programs is to decrease mortality from breast cancer. Initially praised as a universal achievement to improve women's health and to reduce the burden of breast cancer, the benefits and harms of mammography screening have been debated heatedly in the past years. Although much attention has been paid to the female breast and its pathologic conditions, the male breast is often times ignored given its rudimentary and nonfunctional nature. However, the male breast is the source of a wide variety of benign and malignant conditions, and particular attention must be paid to palpable abnormalities of the male breast to ensure accurate characterization and diagnosis of these lesions. Mammography has been traditionally used......

[1]. Screening for breast cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. Nov 17 2009;151(10):716-726, W-236.
[2]. Brem RF, Rapelyea JA, Zisman G, Hoffmeister JW, Desimio MP. Evaluation of breast cancer with a computer-aided detection system by mammographic appearance and histopathology. Cancer. 2005;104:931–5.
[3]. Boyd NF, Guo H, Martin LJ, Sun L, Stone J, Fishell E, et al. Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:227–36.
[4]. Maskarinec G, Meng L, Ursin G. Ethnic differences in mammographic densities. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30:959–65.
[5]. Pisano ED, Gatsonis C, Hendrick E, Yaffe M, Baum JK, Acharyya S, et al. Diagnostic performance of digital versus film mammography for breast-cancer screening. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1773–83.

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease is an irreversible deterioration of renal function. The serum level and the function of most of the hormones are altered due to various mechanism including synthesis, transport,accumulation of inhibitors,target organ responsiveness and renal clearance. Our study aims to evaluate the thyroid profile in patients of chronic kidney disease. It is a cross-sectional study carried out at Department of Medicine, Regional institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. Duration of study was from September 2014 to February 2016. Study Population includes 100 patients of CKD above 21 years of age. The commonest cause of CKD was found to be diabetes (35%).21% patients had TSH level above the normal range (>5 μIU/ml), 19% patients had low T3(<1.3 ɳg/ml) and 16% had low Thyroxin (T4) level..The prevalence of Hypothyroidism and sub-clinical hypothyroidism were 18% and 4% respectively and the prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be higher in patients with reduced GFR.

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Abstract: Background: Eclampsia is described as a clinical condition associated with pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. In Bangladesh though maternal mortality rate (MMR) declined significantly around 40% in the past decade, still eclampsia accounts for 20% of maternal deaths. Eclampsia is uniquely a disease of pregnancy, and the only cure is delivery regardless of gestational age. A rational therapy for general management of hypertension and convulsion has been established in Bangladesh by the Eclampsia Working Group. But controversy still exists regarding obstetric management. Aim of the study:The aim of this study was to evaluate the feto-maternal outcome in eclampsia patients in Bangladesh.

Key words: Eclampsia, Preeclampsia, Feto-maternal, Outcome, Convulsion

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