iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2019

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluates the various ocular effect of vit-A deficiency and Various factor which increases the VAD susceptibility. Method: A total of 120 Patients who were diagnosed as a case of vit-A deficiency (any sign or symptoms of VAD), were included in this cross sectional study. An assessment of present complaints, detailed clinical history, BMI was recorded. Ophthalmological check up as external examination of the eyes, visual acuity, torch light examination, slit lamp examination, Fluorescein eye staining, Schirmer's test, refraction, direct ophthalmoscopy, was done..

Keywords: BMI, direct ophthalmoscopy, Fluorescein eye staining, Schirmer's test, VAD.

[1]. Sommer A, West KP Jr. Vitamin A deficiency: health, survival, and vision. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996
[2]. Sommer A, Davidson FR. Assessment and control of vitamin A deficiency: the Annecy Accords. J Nutr 2002;132(9S):2845S–50S.
[3]. Janine S, Thomas S. Vitamin A deficiency and eye. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2000;40:83-91.
[4]. Seong TE. The medical importance of vitamin A and carotenoids (with particular reference to developing countries) and their determination. Malays J Nutr 1995;1:179-230.
[5]. Aggarwal K. Eliminating vitamin A through early supplementation. Indian J Pediatr 2007;74:963-4..

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to comprehensively determine the feasibility of using Prolene(polypropylene) mesh for open tension free Lichtenstein hernioplasty on inguinal hernias. Patients and methods: This is a hospital based observational study comprises of 200 patients presenting with inguinal hernia attending OPD /admitted to various surgical units of Government Siddhartha medical college, Vijayawada during November 2017 to November 2019. Results: Lichtenstein tension free mesh plasty repair is a very much cost-effective method in the open inguinal hernia repair with minimal post-operative pain, lesser rates of complications, hospital stay, less incidence of chronic groin pain and recurrence rates when performed by qualified, skilled and competent surgeons. conclusion:Patient acceptance with Lichtenstein tension free Hernioplasty repair is good. Hence the repair of inguinal hernia with the Lichtenstein tension free Hernioplasty appears to be a safe and a feasible procedure in our Indian population with lower rates of complications, recurrence and late symptoms

[1]. Vironen J, Nieminen J, Eklund A, Paavolainen P (2006) Randomized clinical trial of Lichtenstein patch or Prolene Hernia.
[2]. Amid PK. Lichtenstein open tension-free hernioplasty. Woodbury, CT: Ciné-Med, 1997 (video) (ACS CC-1869)
[3]. Usher FC, Hill JR, Ochsner JL. Hernia repair with Marlex mesh: a comparison of techniques. Surgery 1959; 46:718 –24
[4]. A. Serdar Karaka (2015) Comparison of Inguinal hernia repairs performed with Lichtenstein, Rutkow Robins, and Gilbert Double Layer graft methods Indian Journal of Surgery 77(1) 28-33
[5]. Ashirvad Karigoudar (2016) A Prospective randomised study comparing Fibrin glue vs Prolene suture for mesh fixation in Lichtenstein Inguinal hernia repair Indian J surg 78(4) 288-292

Abstract: The aim is to compare the effectiveness of ventral hernia repair by laparoscopic vs. open repair in patients admitted from the Department of Surgery at Siddhartha Medical college and General Hospital, Vijayawada from December 2017 to October 2019. Materials and methods: This is a hospital based comparative study on patients with ventral hernias compared to study the efficacy of laparoscopic vs open ventral hernia repair on patients admitted in various surgical units in Siddhartha medical college, GGH, Vijayawada during November 2017 to June 2019. Results:Laparoscopic procedure in ventral hernia has shown promising results and is being widely accepted. Laparoscopic repair of hernia though requires increased operative time in the beginning but with experience over time and improved skills the time duration was significantly reduced, it results in shorter.......

[1]. Bennet H.D, Kingsworth N.A, Hernias, umbilicus and abdominal wall: Bailey & love "s, Short practice of Surgery, 25th edn; Arnold publishers, London; 73: 1272 – 1293
[2]. Hershman M.and Mann D.V., ―Clinical Surgery‖, Edited by Henry Michael M. and Thompson Jeremy N., W.B. saunders,2001;381-396.
[3]. Abrahamson Jack. ―Maingot "s Abdominal operations‖, Edited by Zinner Michael J. and Schwartz Seymour I., Ellis Harold, 10th Edition, Appelton Century Crofts, 1997; 479-580.
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[5]. Chevrel JP, Rath AM (2000) Classification of incisional hernias of the abdominal wall. Hernia 4:7–11

Abstract: Background; There is growing evidence that, in addition to effects on development, omega-3 LCPUFAs may reduce the incidence or severity of neonatal morbidities by affecting different steps of the immune and anti-inflammatory response. Also omega-3 LCPUFA have been linked to a favorable impact on lipidemic profile. Objectives; The aim of our study was to assess the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in preterm neonates and their lipid profile. Patients and methods; Our study included two groups: first group: included 25 preterm neonates whose birth weight was appropriate for gestational age, received omega-3 supplement (DHA 40 mg/kg day)with regular preterm formula within 5 days of the first enteral feeding for 21 days or until discharge, whatever comes first. Second groupincluded 25......

Keywords; Omega-3, preterm, lipid profile

[1]. Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Walsh WC, Carlo WA, Shankaran S, et al: Trends in care practice, morbidity and mortality of extremely preterm neonates, 1993-2012. JAMA. 2015;314 :1039-1051.
[2]. Wagura P, Wasunna A, Laving A, Wamalwa D and Ng'ang'a P: Prevalence and factors associated with preterm birth at Kenyatta national hospital. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18:107.
[3]. Crosbie S, Holm A, Wandschneider S and Hemsley G : Narrative skills of children born preterm. Int J Lang CommunDisord. 2011;46:83-94.
[4]. Gazim RA and Sharada AC: Omega fatty acids in health and disease: review. J Pharm Res. 2014;8:1027-1044.
[5]. Akerele OA and Cheema SK: A balance of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is important in pregnancy. J NutrinterMetab. 2016; 5: 23-33.

Abstract: Background: India is a country currently undergoing a phase of demographic transition. Decrease in death rate due to advancing health care facilities have contributed to the aging population. The elderly age group is vulnerable period of life and has health problems and related morbidity and mortality which are very different from other age groups. The present study was conducted to study the causes of mortality among patients of elderly age group admitted to Government run tertiary level teaching hospital in Kolkata, India. Method: The data for all the patients admitted in the hospital from January 2013 to December 2013 were obtained from Medical Records Department. Total number of patients who died from different causes were noted and sub-classified according to the cause of mortality. The percentage mortality due to different causes was calculated and analyzed......

Keyword: Keywords: Elderly, mortality, Tertiary care hospital, India

[1]. Situation Analysis of the Elderly in India June 2011, Central Statistics Office, Govt of India 2015, Available at http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/elderly_in_india.pdf.Accessed on march 18,2018
[2]. Ingle GK, Nath A, Elderly health in India: Concern & Solution, IJCM 2008 Oct; 33 (4):214-218.
[3]. Population composition 2nd, SRS Statistical report 2013. Available at http://www.censusindia.gov.in. Accessed on march 18,2018.
[4]. Giri S, Agarwal MP, Garg S, Agarwal S, Ranga R, Sharma V. A single centre retrospective study to analyze and compare mortality amongst elderly and non-elderly population presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Ann Trop Med Public Health [serial online] 2012 ;5:495-7. Available from: http://www.atmph.org/text.asp?2012/5/5/495/105142. Accessed on jun 3,2018
[5]. Bhatia S, Gupta A K, Thakur J S, Goel N K, Swami H M. Trends of cause-specific mortality in union territory of Chandigarh, IJCM 2008;33:60-2

Abstract: Background: ReceptiveLanguage disorder(RLD) is a condition in which a child has trouble understanding and processing words. This disorder can affect the child's ability to communicate, learn, and play with others. Hearing loss is a common cause of language disorders including RLD leading to difficulties with behaviour and poor academic achievement. Early intervention with speech and language therapy improves language outcomes. Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA), which assess Brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP), is a non-invasive and objective way to evaluate functional integrity of auditory pathway.It evaluates hearing in terms of the degree of hearing loss and the type of hearing loss. Aims :The study was done to assess the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential inchildren aged 1-3 years with receptive language disorderand to assess if any hearing......

Keywords: BAEP, Speech and Language impairment, Wave 'V', Hearing threshold, Interpeak latencies

[1]. Leavitt SR, Goodman H, Harvin D: Use of developmental charts in teaching well child care. Pediatrics 1963;31.499
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[5]. Shetty P. Speech and language delay in children: A review and the role of a pediatric dentist. J Indian Soc PedodPrev Dent. 2012;30:103

Abstract: Introduction: The popliteal artery is the commonest blood vessel to get involved in peripheral artery aneurysm due to atherosclerosis and in entrapment syndrome. A detailed awareness on the anatomy of the terminal branches of the popliteal artery is associated with increased success rates of percutaneous surgical procedures as it allows suitable surgical planning. Aims: To evaluate variants of the popliteal artery (PA) terminal branches with 16 slice multidetector computed tomographic angiography. Materials and method: A total of 168 extremities of 200 patients undergoing a MD CTA examination were included in the study. Of these, 32 extremities were excluded due to popliteal artery thrombosis or amputation or having metallic implant. The terminal......

Keywords: Popliteal artery, branching patterns, vascular variations, multidetector CT angiography

[1]. Susan Standring,Gray'sanatomy.The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice,40thedition,,2008;414-415
[2]. Day CP, Orme R. Popliteal artery branching patterns an angiographic study. ClinRadiol. 2006;61:696–699.
[3]. Son KH, Cho JH, Lee JW, Kwack KS, Han SH. Is the anterior tibial artery safe during ankle arthroscopy?:anatomic analysis of the anterior tibial artery at the ankle joint by magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:2452–2456
[4]. Bilateral High-Origin Anterior Tibial Arteries and Its Clinical Importance,K Sharma, MK Haque, DI Mansur,Vol 10,No 1 (2012)
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Abstract: Background: Tibial plateau fractures are common & many times associated with compromised soft tissue envelop. Aims & Objectives: Clinico-radiological evaluation of Hybrid External & minimal internal fixation system in Tibial plateau fracture with compromised soft tissue Results: The patients mainly belong to younger age group with male predominance and all operated within five days of fracture. All the fractures were united within an average period of 13 weeks with a range of 10 – 16 weeks. The average total range of motion at 6 months was 122 degrees. 52 % of patients showed an outcome that can be classified as EXCELLENT according to the KSS score....

Keywords: Tibial plateau,Hybrid, soft tisues envelop, KSS score

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Abstract: Introduction: Recent many study shows frozen embryo transfer is the preferable choice of procedures in the treatment of infertile couples in the Assisted Reproductive Technology. Frozen embryo transfer shows higher pregnancy rate in comparison with the fresh-embryo transfer (that means to avoid transferring embryo in ovarian stimulation cycle) among an ovulatory women undergoing IVF treatment. Material and Methods: In this observational study, we assigned 24 women, who were failed to conceive in their first cycle with fresh embryo transfer and undergoing their second cycle. Ovarian stimulation of patient is to be done at Wardha Test Tube Baby Centre, followed by vitrification on day 3, thaw and embryo transfer in next cycle.....

Keywords: frozen embryo transfer, fresh-embryo transfer, IVF, embryo-endometrial synchronicity

[1]. Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Garner FC, Aguirre M, Hudson C, Thomas S. Evidence of impaired endometrial receptivity after ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization: a prospective randomized trial comparing fresh and frozenthawed embryo transfer in normal responders. Fertil Steril. (2011) 96:344–8. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.050
[2]. Evans J, Hannan NJ, Edgell TA, Vollenhoven BJ, Lutjen PJ, Osianlis T, et al. Fresh versus frozen embryo transfer: backing clinical decisions with scientific and clinical evidence. Hum Reprod Update. (2014) 20:808–21. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmu027
[3]. Wu MY, Chung CH, Pan SP, Jou GC, Chen MJ, Chang CH, et al. Advantages of cumulative pregnancy outcomes in freeze-all strategy in high responders - A case-control matching analysis of a largecohort. J Formos Med Assoc. (2018) 117:676–84. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.05.011
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[5]. Rall WF, Fahy GM.: Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at -196°C by vitrification. Nature. 1985;313:573-5.

Abstract: Background: During critical illness, patients with no history of thyroid disorders may experience multiple changes in their thyroid hormone levels as a part of neuroendocrine stress response. Such changes are termed as euthyroid sick syndrome. The extent of change correlates with the severity of the illness and its outcomes in critically ill patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify critically ill surgical patients and grade them clinically according to the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) severity scale and evaluate the thyroid function tests (TFTs) and to document the outcome and relate the APACHE II severity scale with TFTs.......

Keywords: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, critically ill, thyroid dysfunction

[1]. Van den Berghe G, de Zegher F, Bouillon R. Clinical review 95: Acute and prolonged critical illness as different neuroendocrine paradigms. J ClinEndocrinol Metab1998;83:1827‑34.
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[5]. Kumar KV, Kapoor U, Kalia R, Chandra NS, Singh P, Nangia R. Low triiodothyronine predicts mortality in critically ill patients. Indian J Endocrinol Metab2013;17:285‑8

Abstract:Fractures of the distal tibia are one of the most challenging for treatmentbecause of limited soft tissue,subcutaneouslocation of bone,and reduced vascularity.These fractures are increased frequently with road traffic accidents. Nowadays, these fractures are treated with LCP using minimally invasive percutaneous plating osteosynthesis(MIPPO).
Objective- To evaluate the functional and radiological results of LCP using minimally invasive percutaneous plating osteosynthesis (MIPPO). Methodology-The present study was conducted in the department of orthopedics, Narayana General Hospital, attached to Narayana Medical College, Nellore. In our study, 15 patients of both males and females included with distal tibia fracture operated by LCPusing the MIPPO technique,and they were assessed clinically, functionally, and radiological evaluation. They were followed up at a regular interval of 6weeks,3,6months, and 1year.Based on AOFAS,the clinical outcome evaluated......

[1]. AbidMushtaq, RizwanShahid, Muhammad Asif, Mohammad Maqsood. Distal Tibial Fracture Fixation with Locking Compression Plate (LCP) Using the Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Osteosynthesis (MIPO) Technique. Eur J Trauma EmergSurg2009;35:159–64.
[2]. Anand J. Thakur. The element of fracture fixation, Published by Mosby Elsevier 2007:77-83.
[3]. Blauth M, Bastian L, Krettek C, et al. Surgical options for the treatment of severe tibialpilon fractures: a study of three techniques. J Orthop Trauma. 2001;15: 153-160.
[4]. Borg T, Larsson S, Lindsjo U. Percutaneous plating of distal tibial fractures. Preliminary results in 21 patients. Injury 2004;35:608-614.
[5]. Borrelli J Jr, Prickett W, Song E, Becker D, Ricci W. Extraosseous blood supply of the tibia and the effects of different plating techniques: a human cadaveric study. J Orthop Trauma 2002,16 (10):691–695.

Abstract: Tooth-coloured restorations has grown considerably during the last decade due to demand in aesthetics. All-ceramic systems became a viable treatment option with successful use in the anterior and posterior segments as result of advanced dental technology. The mechanical properties of brittle ceramics are characterized by fracture toughness and flexural strength. However, the conventional porcelain materials are not suitable for load-bearing restorations and are available only as single restorations due to reduced fracture toughness and flexural strength. Finally, industrial dense polycrystalline ceramics such as alumina, zirconia, and alumina-zirconia composites were introduced. In particular yttrium partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) showed better mechanical properties and superior resistance to fracture.

Keywords:Aesthetics, All-Ceramic systems, Zirconia

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[5]. McLaren EA. White SN. Glass-infiltrated zirconia/alumina based ceramic for crown and fixed partial dentures: Clinical and laboratory guidelines. Quintessence Dental Technol2000;23:63- 76..

Abstract: Background: Sub arachnoid block with additives is a popoluar option among anesthesiologists in infraumbilicalsurgeries.It provides amlple benefits like quicker onset, better quality of anaestheisa and prolonged duration.Various additives like opioids ,α-2 agonists,neostigmine and magnesium are added to improve the quality of anaesthesia. Methods: Eighty ASA 1 and 2 patients scheduled for common elective urological procedures such as transuretheral resection of prostate, ureteroscopy and transuretheral resection of bladder tumours under subarachnoid block were prospectively enrolled. GroupA patientsreceived3mlofpreservativefree0.5%isobaric bupivacaine with 25 mcg of fentanyl and GroupB patients received 3ml of preservative free 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 25 mcg of fentanyl. Characteristics of sensory and motor blockade such as the time of onset, duration of block , maximum height of sensory block ,haemodynamic changes such as variations in heart rate and blood pressure,the need for supplementation.....

Keywords: Hyperbaric,Isobaric,bupivacaine,Fentanyl.

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[5]. Kenneth Cummings and Mohamed A. Naguib(2015)"Opioid Agonists and Antagonists‟, in Robert K.Stoelting(ed.)Stoelting‟s Pharmacology and Physology in Anesthesicpractise.NewDelhi:WolterKluwer,pp.217-256.

Abstract: Anemia is a major public health concern in India. The prevalence of anemia is 60-90% in different age groups1. Pregnant women, infants, young children, and adolescents are at a risk of anemia as they have a high demand of iron, folic acid and other nutrients. Anemia refers to a decrease in the total number of circulating red cells, a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration, or a decrease in the hematocrit when compared with a normal group2. Such a definition must also take into account the functional ability of the blood to deliver oxygen to deprived tissues. The symptoms of anemia depend on the degree of reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, the change in the total blood volume, the rate at which these changes occur, the degree of severity of the underlying disease contributing to the anemia, and the power of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic systems to recuperate and compensate3. Anemia can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality from a variety of infectious diseases4......

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