iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2019

Abstract: Introduction: The liver is the largest organ in the body and one of the most complex functioning organs with a wide array of functions. It plays a major role in carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism; inactivation of various toxins, metabolism of drugs, hormones, synthesis of plasma proteins & maintenance of immunity (Kupffer cells).
Materials and Methods: This descriptive comparative study was undertaken in Department of Pathology, M.G.M Medical College, Jamshedpur and Jharkhand. A total of 100 chronic liver disease patients were studied from January 2018 to December 2018 and was compared with 100 normal controls. In all the cases age, gender and relevant clinical history were obtained. Sample size was taken based on the convenience of the study. Patient's demographic data and history were recorded, complete physical examination was conducted, and hematological parameters were measured for all subjects in this study....

Key Words: Chronic Liver Disease, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH

[1]. Mulhall BP, Ong JP, Younossi ZM. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17:1136-43.
[2]. Meier P, Seitz HK. Age, alcohol metabolism and liver disease. CUIT Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008; 11:21-6.
[3]. Angulo P, Hui JM, Marches ini G, et al. The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Hepatology 2007; 45:846-54.
[4]. van Kampen EL Zijlstra WG. Determination of hemoglobin and its derivatives. Adv Clin Chem 1965; 8:141-87.
[5]. Pugh RN, Murray -Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg 1973; 60:646-9.

Abstract: Introduction: Gallstones are formed because of abnormal bile composition. Cholesterol is essentially water insoluble and requires aqueous dispersion into either micelles or vesicles, both of which require the presence of a second lipid to solubilise the cholesterol. Cholesterol and phospholipids are secreted into bile as uni-lamellar bilayered vesicles, which are converted into mixed micelles consisting of bile acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol by the action of bile acids.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted in department of Pathology, M.G.M medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur from January 2018 to December 2018. For the study purpose patients admitted in the General Surgery ward were selected according to below mentioned inclusion and exclusion criteria. A proforma was used to record the history, clinical findings.....

Keywords: HDL, VLDL, LDL, Gallstones

[1]. Tyagi SP, Tyagi N, Maheswari V, et al.Morphological changes in diseased gall bladder: astudy of 415 cholecyscectomies at Aligarh. J Ind Med A 1992;90(7):178-81.
[2]. Bhansali SK. Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis (an appraisal of clinico-surgical experienceswith 228 cases). J Postgrad Med 1980;26(1):74-85.
[3]. Bockus HL, Chapman MJ, Worobetz LJ, et al.Symptomatic gallstone disease in Spanish population. J Gastroenterol 2004;39(6):576-84.
[4]. Goswami M. An analysis of 160 cholecystectomies at Guwahati. Ind J Surg 1999;61(4):252-5.
[5]. Sharma LB, Agarwal M, Rastogi AN, et al.Cholecystectomy under local anaesthesia.Ind J Surg 1999;61(1):33-5.

Abstract:Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorder that shares phenotype of hyperglycemia. In India, the prevalence rates are estimated to be around 20% in cities, and recent figures showed surprising increasing rates in rural areas. Materials and Methods: The present study entitled "Study of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Normotensive type-2 diabetic patients by 2D echocardiography" was carried out in Department of Medicine, M.G.M Medical College, and Jamshedpur from January 2018 to December 2018. This descriptive comparative study comprises of 100 patients who are normotensive, diabetic and 80 normal healthy patients with age >35 years were included in the study with convenient consecutive sampling after proper written informed consent. The patients were taken from OPD and indoor.....

Keyword: LVD, HbA1C, ECHO machine

[1]. hehadeh A, Regan TJ. Cardiac concequences of diabetes mellitus. Clin Cardiol 1995;18:301-5.
[2]. Raev DC. Which left ventricular function is impaired earlier in the evolution of diabetic cardiomyopathy? An echocardiographic study of young Type I diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1994;17:633-9.
[3]. Patil VC, Patil HV, Shah KB, Vasani JD, Shetty P. Diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic Type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal systolic function. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2011;2:213-22.
[4]. Soldatos G, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Thomson H, Formosa M, D'orsa K, Calkin AC, et al. Large artery biomechanics and diastolic dysfunctionin patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2011;28:54-60.
[5]. Masugata H, Senda S, Goda F, Yoshihara Y, Yoshikawa K, Fujita N, et al.Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in normotensive diabetic patients in various age strata. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008;79:91-6.

Abstract:Introduction: Magnesium is fourth most common cat ion in the body and second most common intracellular cat ion after potassium, yet its deficiency in critically ill patients is frequently overlooked. Various studies have reported the incidence of hypomagnesemia up to 65% in critically ill-patients. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, M.G.M Medical College, Jamshedpur among the critically ill patients admitted in MICU and ICCU from January 2018 to December 2018. Ethical clearance was obtained and the study was initiated. Patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Written informed consent was taken from all the patients. A complete history, physical examination and systemic examination was done in all the patients. Amongst patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 5 mL of venous blood was taken at the time of.....

Key Words: Magnesium; Hypomagnesaemia; Critical Illness; Mortality; Dysmagnesaemia

[1]. Koch SM, Warters RD, Mehlhorn U. The simultaneous measurement of ionized and total calcium and ionized and total magnesium in intensive care unit patients. J Crit Care 2002;17:203-5.
[2]. Marino P. Fluid and electrolyte disorders – Magnesium. The ICU Book. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2004. p. 660-72.
[3]. Ryzen E, Wagers PW, Singer FR, Rude RK. Magnesium deficiency in a medical ICU population. Crit Care Med 1985;13:19-21.
[4]. Chernow B, Bamberger S, Stoiko M, Vadnais M, Mills S, Hoellerich V, et al. Hypomagnesemia in patients in postoperative intensive care. Chest 1989;95:391-7.
[5]. Reinhart RA, Desbiens NA. Hypomagnesemia in patients entering the ICU. Crit Care Med 1985;13:506-7.

Abstract: The opacification of hydrophilic acrylic IOLs is a seriouscomplication of unknown etiology, with the only effective treatment beinglens explantation and replacement, preferably with a lens of some different material.(1) IOL exchange for opacified lens can be difficult and challenging. Surgery may not always go on according to the pre-operative plan and the surgeon must be ready with an alternative during surgery. We present a series of cases of IOL opacification that posed challenges in diagnosis and the various surgical management techniques....

[1]. Neuhann IM,NeuhannTF,SzurmanP,KoernerS,Rohrbach JM, Bartz-Schmidt KU. Clinicopathological correlation of 3 patterns of calcification in a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009; 35:593-7.
[2]. Gartaganis SP, Kanellopoulou DG, MelaEK, Panteli VS,Koutsoukos PG. Opacificationof hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens attributable to calcification: investigation on mechanism Am J Ophthalmol2008 ; 146: 395-403.
[3]. ChoiSM, Yang WK, Yoo YW, Lee WK. Effect of surface modification on the in vitro calcium phosphate growth on the surface of poly (methyl methacrylate) and bioactivity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 76:326-33
[4]. Ronge LJ. Opacification of IOLs: a problem often misdiagnosed? http://www.aao.org/publications/eyenet/200509/cataract.cfm.
[5]. Goodall KL,Ghosh YK. Total opacification of intraocular lens implant after uncomplicated cataract surgery: a case series. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(5):782-284.

Abstract: The Gastrointestinal perforation is one of the commonest surgical emergencies. It presents, as the acute abdomen, which refers to the clinical situation in which an acute change in the condition of the intra abdominal organ, usually related to inflammation and infection, demands immediate and accurate diagnosis with acute abdominal pain present for less than 6-8 hours. Gastrointestinal perforation can be divided into upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation. Upper GI perforation include those perforation of the bowel upto the ileocaecal junction, lower perforation include those of the colon and rectum.....

[1]. Alderson l, Williams NS,Bulstrode CJ, O'Connell PR, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery 26th ed. CRCP press (New York); 2016 :987-988.
[2]. Teitelbaum E.N. ,Hungness E.S. townsend M.C, Beauchamp R.D., Evers B.M.,MattoxK.L.Sabiston Textbook of Surgery 20th ed. Elsevier (Philadelphia); 2017: 1188-1190.
[3]. Harris and B. Evers M. townsend M.C, Beauchamp R.D., Evers B.M.,MattoxK.L.Sabiston Textbook of Surgery 20th ed. Elsevier (Philadelphia); 2017:1237-1240.
[4]. M Kelli, Rothenberger. Brunicardi .F, Schwartz‖s Principals of Surgery 10th ed. MC Graw Hill (New York); 2013: 1175-1178.
[5]. Aboobakar M.R., Singh J.P., Maharaj. K,Kinoo S.M., Singh.B., Gastric perforation following blunt abdominal trauma. Trauma case reports 10 (2017):12-15.

Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health concern worldwide. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in India is up to 20% of all tuberculosis cases. EPTB often remains undetected due to variable clinical presentation and lack of diagnostic means. Early detection of EPTB and drug resistance is important in the management of EPTB..

[1]. WHO, Global TB report,2018
[2]. Annual report- TB India ( 2018) Central TB division, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family welfare , Government of India.
[3]. Gopi A, Madhaban SM, Sharma SK ,Sahn SA 2007 diagnosis and treatment of tubercular pleural effusion 2006.chest 131:880-889.
[4]. Pravin KN and Chourasia E.Use of GeneXpert Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis from Body Fluid Specimen,a 2year study.J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016,1(1):000105.
[5]. Sinzobahamvya N, Bhakta HP (1989) pleural exudate in a tropical hospital. Eur respir J 2: 145-148.