iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2019

Abstract: Aim: The study aimed to assess the coronary sinus flow by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing coronary angiography and comparing with the coronary sinus flow in the normal population without having coronary artery disease risk factors. Methods: This was a retrospective, single centered, case-control study conducted in patients presenting to a tertiary care center in India from June 2015 to December 2016. Fifty patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were included as cases and 50 normal population without heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors were included as controls. Coronary sinus blood flow, coronary sinus diameter (CSD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), coronary sinus velocity time integral (CSVTI) were obtained by TTE in all participants........

Keywords: Coronary sinus; echocardiography; ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

[1]. Prabhakaran D, Jeemon P, Roy A. Cardiovascular diseases in India: current epidemiology and future directions. Circulation. 2016;133(16):1605-20.
[2]. Celermajer DS, Chow CK, Marijon E, Anstey NM, Woo KS. Cardiovascular disease in the developing world: prevalences, patterns, and the potential of early disease detection. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2012;60(14):1207-16.
[3]. Gaziano TA, Bitton A, Anand S, Abrahams-Gessel S, Murphy A. Growing epidemic of coronary heart disease in low-and middle-income countries. Current problems in cardiology. 2010;35(2):72-115.
[4]. Hoffman JI. Problems of coronary flow reserve. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2000;28(8):884-96.
[5]. Hutchison SJ, Soldo SJ, Gadallah S, Kawanishi DT, Chandraratna PAN. Determination of coronary flow measurements by transesophageal echocardiography: dependence of flow velocity reserve on the location of stenosis. American heart journal. 1997;133(1):44-52.

Abstract: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation may result in a haemodynamic response that causes unwanted tachycardia and hypertension. In patients with poor myocardial reserve, this can cause detrimental impact. Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine, was used in numerous research including intensive care unit sedation, pre-operative anxiolysis, laryngoscopy and intubation. METHOD- Sixty patient undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) of NYHA grade II-III, either sex, aged below 70 years divided into two groups : Group S(study) who received oral Melatonin 10mg and Group P(placebo) received oral placebo, 2 hours.......

Keywords: CABG, Stress Response, Melatonin, Laryngoscopy, Intubation, Sternotomy

[1]. Henderson J. Airway management in the adult. In: Miller RD, editor. Miller′s Anaesthesia. 7 th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2010. p. 1573-610.
[2]. Pernerstorfer T1, Krafft P, Fitzgerald RD, Krenn CG, Chiari A, Wagner O, Weinstabl C.Stress response to tracheal intubation: direct laryngoscopy compared with blind oral intubation.Anaesthesia. 1995 Jan;50(1):17-22
[3]. Charuluxananan S, Kyokong O, Somboonviboon W, Balmongkon B, Chaisomboonpan S. Nicardipine versus lidocaine for attenuating the cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation. J Anesth 2000;14:77-81.

[4]. Chraemmer-Jørgensen B, Hertel S, Strøm J, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Bjerre-Jepsen K. Catecholamine response to laryngoscopy and intubation. The influence of three different drug combinations commonly used for induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1992;47(9):750–6. Sep.
[5]. Impellizzeri P, Vinci E, Gugliandolo MC et al:Premedication with melatonin vs midazolam: efficacy on anxiety and compliance in paediatric surgical patients.Eur J Pediatr. 2017 Jul;176(7):947-953.

Abstract: This is a double blind randomized controlled clinical study to evaluate effects of intrathecal clonidine in prevention of perioperative shivering during spinal anesthesia in caesarian sections. In this study 80 patients of ASA-1 aged between 18 to 35 years are enrolled and divided into A and B groups. Group A received 2 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with clonidine 30μg[1.8ml of bupivacaine and 0.2ml of clonidine]and group B received 2ml of 0.5% bupivacaine [1.8ml of bupivacaine and 0.2ml of normal saline]. We observed incidence of perioperative shivering, hemodynamic stability, additional requirement of sedation or analgesia, vasopressor requirement, IV fluid requirement and any other side effects. We observed lower incidence of (5%)perioperative shivering, increased fluid requirement, increased vasopressar requirement in study group or group A when compared to control group. In control group 40% of shivering incidence is observed. Incidence of shivering, fluid requirement and vasopressor usage is statistically significant (P value<0.001). There is significant difference in mean arterial blood pressure between groups (<0.05). .

Keywords:Intrathecal clonidine, Perioperative shivering, Spinal anesthesia, Caesarian section

[1]. Frank SM, Beattie C, Christopherson R, Norris EJ, Rock P, Parker S, Kimball AW: Epidural versus general anesthesia, ambient operating room temperature, and patient age as predictors of inadvertent hypothermia. A nesthesiology 1992; 77: 252–7Frank, SM Beattie, C Christopherson, R Norris, EJ Rock, P Parker, S Kimball, AW [2]. Morris RH, Wilkey BR: The effects of ambient temperature on patient temperature during surgery not involving body cavities. A nesthesiology 1970; 32: 102–7Morris, RH Wilkey, BR

[3]. Morris RH: Influence of ambient temperature on patient temperature during intraabdominal surgery. Ann Surg 1971; 173: 230–3Morris, RH

[4]. Morris RH: Operating room temperature and the anesthetized, paralyzed patient. Surgery 1971; 102: 95–7Morris, RH

[5]. Kurz A, Kurz M, Poeschl G, Faryniak B, Redl G, Hackl W: Forced-air warming maintains intraoperative normothermia better than circulating-water mattresses. Anesth Analg 1993; 77: 89–95Kurz, A Kurz, M Poeschl, G Faryniak, B Redl, G Hackl, W.

Abstract: Medical Education is inherently stressful and demanding.First year medical students as they enter an entirely different world of medical school for first time provide a perfect platform for inducing stress.This study was undertaken to explore the various factors which may be the causes of perceived stress among the first year medical students of a medical college in north-eastern India.A predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire with 23 questions was preparedand 76 students were analysed.Out of the 76 students, 55(72.36%) reported high levels of stress of which 27(35.5%) were males and 28(36.84%) were females.The main causes of stress in our study were found to be academically related, the vast syllabus of the first year MBBS, difficulty in covering portions daily, getting less time for revision etc

Keywords: Stress, medical student, Medical education, Academic factors

[1]. Lloyd C, Gartell NK. A further assessment of medical school stress.J Med Educ. 1983 Dec; 58(12):964-7.
[2]. Rajesh LC, Reddy EA, Shaik S, Rajana B. Perceived stress and prevalence of depression among first year medical students. Int J Cont Med Res 2017;4(11):2346-2349
[3]. Kaplan HI, Saddock BJ. Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000. Learning Theory; pp.148-54.
[4]. Sreedevi A, Rao GV, Bharath P, Reddy K, Parigala R, Pappu S, Chowdary S, Parem S. Study on stress among first year medical students of Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2016;5:852-855.
[5]. Solanky P, Desai B, Kavishwar A, Kantharia SL. Study of Psychological stress among undergraduate medical students of Government Medical College, Surat. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2012; 1:38-42..

Abstract: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common pathologies in the surgical setting. The introduction of the Lichtenstein's technique in 1989(tension free hernioplasty with polypropylene mesh) represented one of the most significant break-through in the treatment of this condition since Bassini's hernia repair. The study was done with the objective to evaluate the postoperative complications, and the recurrence rate associated with Lichtenstein's hernioplasty.This was a prospective clinical study conducted at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), during the period...........

[1]. Nyhus LM, Condon RE. Hernia. 3rd ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Panamericana; 1989.
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[4]. Shulman AG, Amid PK, Lichtenstein IL. The safety of mesh repair for primary inguinal hernias: results of 3019 from five diverse surgical sources. Am J Surg 1992;58:256-61.
[5]. Shulman AG, Amid PK, Lichtenstein IL. A survey of non-expert surgeons using the open tension-free mesh patch repair for primary inguinal hernias. Int Surg 1995;80:35-6.

Abstract: Introduction: Stress in medical education is common and process-oriented. It often exerts a negative effect on their academic performance, physical health, and psychological well being. Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between stress and burnout among PGS of SCB Medical College. This study aims at identification of such susceptible students in the early stage i.e. first year of Post graduate medical education, and to provide them essential support in the form of an intervention program to lessen the negative consequences of stress. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the post graduate students of SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha.........

Keywords: Coping factors, institutional factors, perceived stress

[1]. Shete, Anjali; Garkal, K. A study of stress, anxiety, and depression among postgraduate medical students. CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, 2. 2 (2015): 119. Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd

[2]. Aktekin M, Karaman T, Senol YY, Erdem S, Erengin H, Akaydin M. Anxiety, depression and stressful life events among medical students: a prospective study in Antalya, Turkey. Med Educ 2001. 01;35(1):12-17.

[3]. Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Huntington JL, Lawson KL, Novotny PJ, Sloan JA, et al. Personal life events and medical student burnout: a multicenter study. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2006. 04;81(4):374-384

[4]. Rotenstein LS, Torre M, Ramos MA, Rosales RC, Guille C, Sen S, et al. Prevalence of Burnout Among Physicians: A Systematic Review. JAMA 2018 (9)18;320(11):1131-1150.
[5]. Mosley TH Jr, Perrin SG, Neral SM, Dubbert PM, Grothues CA, Pinto BM. Stress, Coping, and well-being among third year medical students. Acad Med 1994;69:765-7.

Abstract: Background :Incidence of myocardial infarction among rural Indians is less than urban Indians despite higher rates of smoking in villages.The urbanisation has made its impact on the rising incidence of myocardial infarction in India.one should not however overlook the fact that myocardial infarction in rural areas of India has doubled as well. Aims and Objectives :To study the variations in clinical presentation and risk factors in myocardial infarction in young. Materials and Methods :This prospective observational study was done in General Medicine department at SVS hospital during July 2007 to..........

Keywords):chest pain,diabetes,hypertension,myocardial infarction,smoking

[1]. Kutty VR,Balakrishna KG,Jayashree AK,Thomas J-Prevalence of CHD in rural population of Thiruvananthapuram district-Kerala-India-International Journal of Cardiology-1993;30[3]363-5.
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Abstract: Introduction:Varicose veins are a common medical condition present in at least 10% of the general population and remains most of the times remains asymptomatic. Material & Methods: This study includes all the patients who came with lower limb varicose veins to Surgical Department of Government General Hospital, Guntur Medical College, Guntur from September 2017 to September 2018.Total number of patients were 98 (102 limbs). All the cases were evaluated by taking detailed history & by carrying out thorough clinical examination. The findings were recorded in clinical proforma. Results: Majority were males (80.61%) and belonged to 20-50 years age group. The long saphenous vein was involved in 92% ofcases..........

Key Words : varicose veins, distribution, clinical features, management

[1]. Everett .Y.Lam, Mary E Giswold and Gregory L Moneta. "Venous and lymphatic disease" Schwartz's principles of surgery. Chapter 23, 8th edition, 2005;808-833
[2]. Salaman RA, Salaman JH, Singh S. Improving the preoperative assessment of varicose veins. Br J Surg. 1997 Dec;84(12):1748.
[3]. Mirji P, Emmi S, Joshi CJ. Study of clinical features and management of varicose veins of lower limb. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2011;5:1416-20.
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[5]. Rao SV, Datta AS, Anvesh D. Spectrum Of Chronic Venous Insufficiency Of Lower Limbs-A Katuri Perspective. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare. 2017 Jan 1;4(22):1246-53.

Abstract: Introduction: Prevalence of heart disease in pregnancy varies from 0.3-3.5%.1,2 Incidence of cardiac disease complicating 1 to 4% of pregnancies in India. In developing countries like India, Rheumatic heart disease is still predominate and comprises 89% of cases.4 Which is because poor sanitary condition, resulting in repeated childhood streptococcal infection in rural areas. In India, the rheumatic heart disease contributes to approximately 69% of cardiac disorders seen in pregnancy. Materials and Methods..........

Keywords: Heart disease, pregnant women, Diabetes mellitus, pulmonary disease, renal disease.

[1]. Kazmin A, Garcia Bournissen F, Koren G. Risks of statin use during pregnancy: a systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2007;29(11):906-8.
[2]. Arafeh JM, Baird SM. Cardiac disease in pregnancy. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2006;29:35-52.
[3]. Dobbenga-Rhodes YA, Prive AM. Assessment and evaluation of the woman with cardiac disease during pregnancy. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2006;20:295- 302.
[4]. Scirica BM, O'Gara PT. Valvular heart disease in pregnancy. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2006;8:83-9.
[5]. Siu SC, Colman JM, Sorensen S, Smallhorn JF, Farine D, Amankwah KS et al. Adverse neonatal and cardiac outcomes are more common in pregnant women with cardiac disease. Circulation. 2002;105:2179.

Abstract: Introduction: Developmentally, the first endocrine gland in the embryo is the thyroid gland.1 It is highly vascular endocrine gland composed of two lateral lobes connected by a narrow median isthmus giving an 'H' shaped appearance to the gland. A wide range of multiple morphological variations and developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland have been reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 50 specimens studied and collected from the cadavers which are allotted for the dissection of 1 st MBBS & BDS students at Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh. Human thyroid glands collected from both sexes (Male 33, female 17) age ranging from 18..........

Keywords: human thyroid glands, amyloidosis, pyramidal lobe, levator glanduli thyroida

[1]. Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The pharyngeal apparatus. Chap-10. The developing human clinically oriented embryology. 7thedn. Saunders 2003:215-7.
[2]. Larsen WJ. Development of head, the neck and the eyes and ears. Chap-12. Human embryology. 2ndedn. Hong Kong: Churchill Livingstone Inc 1997:p.371.
[3]. Standring S. Neck. Chap-28. Gray‟s anatomy.The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40thedn. Spain: Elsevier 2008: p.462.
[4]. McMinn RMH. Head and Neck and Spine. Chap-6. Last‟s anatomy regional and applied. 9thedn. Singapore: Churchill Livingstone 1994:430-1.
[5]. Larochelle D, Arcand P, Belzile M, et al. Ectopic thyroid tissue--a review of the literature. J Otolaryngol 1979;8(6):523-30..

Abstract: Introduction: The caudate lobe/Spigelian lobe/Couinaud's segment I is a well demarcated anatomic segment of liver bounded by Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) and groove for ligamentum venosus in its side to side extent and porta hepatis inferiorly. Its separation is seen not only on the surface, but also on the inside, with respect to blood supply and biliary drainage. It has been subject of special attention in clinical practice due to its paradoxical behavior with respect to rest of the liver in cirrhosis. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 50 formalin fixed adult human livers and collected from the cadavers which are issued for the dissection of 1st MBBS students at Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh. The gross anatomy of caudate lobe........

Keywords: caudate lobe, IVC, biliary drainage

[1]. John E. Skandalakis, Skandalakis surgical anatomy, volume 2, Liver, International students edition, chapter 19, pg 1026 -1048.
[2]. Wylie J. Dodds, Scott J. Erickson, Andrew J. Caudate lobe of the liver: Anatomy, embryology and pathology, AJR, Jan1990,154: 87-93.
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[5]. Brown BM, Filly RA, Callen PW. Ultrasonographic anatomy of the caudate lobe. J Ultrasound Med 1982; 1: 189..

Abstract: For almost the whole of a century, operative dentistry was greatly influenced by Dr. G.V. Black. Black's principles of cavity preparation were based on the facts about dental caries known in his time and on the dental materials available at that time. His concept of ―extension for prevention‖ included, extension of cavity outline into the uninvolved pits and fissures to prevent recurrence of caries in the tooth.1This resulted in a ―surgical‖ approach to treatment planning rather than a ―biologic‖ or ―therapeutic‖ one. Advances in instrumentation, materials & technique have enabled.............

[1]. Ramya Raghu, Raghu Srinivasan. Textbook of Clinical Operative Dentistry- Principles and Practice, 2nd ed. EMMESS Publishers 2012; Pp. 447-455.
[2]. Carol Anne Murdoch-Kinch, Mary Ellen McLean. Minimally invasive dentistry. Journal of American Dental Association 2003; 134:87-95.
[3]. A. Guerrieri, C. Gaucher, E. Bonte, J. J. Lasfargues. Minimal intervention dentistry: part 4. Detection and diagnosis of initial caries lesions. British Dental Journal 2012; 213: 551-557.
[4]. M. Rallan, S. Chaudhary, M. Goswami, A. Sinha, R. Arora, A. Kishor. Effect of various remineralising agents on human eroded enamel of primary teeth. Eur Arch Pediatr Dent 2013; 14(5):313–8.
[5]. Renita Soares, IDA De Noronha De Ataide, Marina Fernandes, RajanLambor. Assessment of Enamel Remineralisation after Treatment with Four Different Remineralising Agents: A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11(4):136-141..

Abstract: Objective: To study the reversal of induced astigmatism by pterygium following its excision and conjunctival limbal autograft with no suture and no glue technique. Methods: 33 patients with nasal pterygium were included. All patients were examined and graded for the degree of pterygium, keratometry and visual acuity before and after the procedure. All patients underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft with no suture no glue technique by the same surgeon.Results :Amoung 33 patients ,16 patients with grade 1 and 17 with grade 2 were included.There was significant reduction of astigmatism post operatively in the form of reduction in the difference between K1 and K2 for Grade 1 (p= 0.001) and Grade 2 ptergia. (p< 0.001)The post operative difference of K1-K2 stabilizes at 1 month.Conclusion: There is significant improvement in post op visual acuity and induced astigmatism following pterygium excision .

Keywords: Pterygium, Astigmatism.

[1]. Shelke E, Kawalkar U, Wankar R, Nandedkar V, Khaire B, Gosavi V. Effect of Pterygium Excision on Pterygium Induced Astigmatism and Visual Acuity. Age (years). 2014;40(9):24-4.

[2]. Lin A, Stern G. Correlation between pterygium size and induced corneal astigmatism. Cornea. 1998 Jan;17(1):28-30.

[3]. Abdu Lawan SH, Ifeanyichukwu EP, Yahaya HB, Sani RY, Habib SG, Shuaib A, Eme O. The astigmatic effect of pterygium in a Tertiary Hospital in Kano, Nigeria. Annals of African medicine. 2018 Jan;17(1):7.

[4]. Maheshwari S. Effect of pterygium excision on pterygium induced astigmatism. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 2003 Jun 1;51(2):187.

[5]. . Cinal A, Yasar T, Demirok A, Topaz H. The effect of pterygium surgery on corneal topography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:35-40...

Abstract: A correlational study was conducted on 200 students of Bsc Nursing program to explore the association between body mass index and eating habits among nursing students of College of Nursing, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab. The body mass index (BMI) calculated as ratio between weight in kilograms and height in meters squared and results recorded as (kg/m2). Eating habits were measured using 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Correlational research design was used. Sampling technique was non probability convenience sampling. Statistical analysis was performed using Smith Statistical Package (SSP) version 2.80 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The study had revealed that out of 200 children, 115 had normal BMI........

Keywords: Association, body mass index, eating habits, students.

[1]. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), e-ISSN: 2320–1959.p- ISSN: 2320–1940 Volume 6, Issue 3 Ver. VI (May - June 2017), PP 14-26 www.iosrjournals.orgfile:///F:/RESEARCH/The_Association_between_Eating_Habits_and_Body_Mas.pdf.
[2]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673617321293.
[3]. New updated WHO classification of BMI (Body mass index) https://pgblazer.com/new-updated-who-classification-of-bmi/
[4]. http://www.scopemed.org/?mno=158565
[5]. http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3092/309250505009.pdf..

Abstract:The most ideal outcome of an endodontictreatment is hard tissue closure,which permanently separates the rootcanalfromthe periapical tissues and preventschronic irritationand foreign body reactions bymaterial components. Bioceramic sealers can be used to achieve a hermetic seal even in contact with wet environment of periapical tissues. Most of the traditionally used endodontic sealers lose their adhesiveness in the apical third of the root canal. The present review highlights the technique of Endodontic Grafting for using bioceramic based sealers. The bioceramic sealers can provide promising results owing to their properties of osseoconductivity, adhesiveness and hydrophilicity..

Keywords: bioceramic based sealers, osseoconductivity, endodontic grafting, capillary condensation.

[1]. Ricucci D. et al. Apical limit of root canal instrumentation andobturation: Part 2. A histological Study / D. Ricucci, K. Langeland.// Int. Endod. Journal, 31, 1998: 394–409.
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[4]. Rafter, M.Apexification: a review / Mary Rafter // Dental Traumatology,21, 2005, 1 : 1–8.
[5]. M altezos, C. et al. Comparison of the sealing of Resilon, Pro Root MTA, and Super-EBA as root-end filling materials: a bacterial leakage study / C. Maltezos, G.N. Glickman, P. Ezzo, J. He. // J. Endod., 32, 2006, 4 :324–327.
[6]. Tay, F.R. et al. Suseptibility of a polycaprolactone based root canalfilling material to degradation. I. Alkaline Hydrolysis / F.R. Tay,D.H. Pashley, M.C. Williams, R. Raina, R.J. Loushine, R.N. Weller,W.F. Kimbrough, N.M. King. // J. Endod., 31, 2005 : 593–598...

Abstract: Lobular capillary hemangioma is a benign, rapidly growing lesion of the skin and mucous membranes. The nasal cavity is a rare location. It may present as a mass entirely filling the nasal cavity.The most common symptoms are nasal obstruction and epistaxis.Although it has no predilection for age, it is more common in the third decade and in females.We present a case report of a 27-year-old male patient with lobular capillary hemangioma who presented with epistaxis and nasal obstruction. The diagnosis of capillary hemangioma must always be kept in mind when discussing the differential diagnosis of a rapidly growing bleeding mass of the nasal cavity even though it is a rare entity.

Keywords: Cavernous haemangioma, Epistaxis,Nasal cavity.

[1]. C. Ozcan, D.D. Apa, K. Görür. Pediatric lobular capillary hemangioma of the nasal cavity.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 261 (2004), pp. 449-51.
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Abstract: The standard of care for high grade gliomas is surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolamide. However survival data and impact of temozolamide on survival in Indian population is scanty. Between January 2014 to December 2015, patients of high grade gliomas who underwent surgery and had received post-operative radiotherapy(RT) with temozolomide(TMZ) were analyzed. A total of 26 patients who received RT/TMZ. Median overall survival (OS) of patients who received RT/TMZ was 11 months. On multivariate analysis age(p=0.005), KPS(p=0.04), extent of surgery(p=0.03) were found to affect survival. Concurrent radiotherapy and temozolamide followed by adjuvant temozolamide results in improved survival in high grade gliomas. The benefit of temozolomide needs to be further evaluated by larger randomized trials in Indian population with particular emphasis on MGMT promoter methylation and other molecular markers.

Keywords: Glioma, radiotherapy, temozolamide.

[1]. Stupp R, Mason WP, Van Den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, Curschmann J. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):987-96.

[2]. Curran Jr WJ, Scott CB, Horton J, Nelson JS, Weinstein AS, Fischbach AJ, Chang CH, Rotman M, Asbell SO, Krisch RE, Nelson DF. Recursive partitioning analysis of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group malignant glioma trials. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1993 May 5;85(9):704-10.

[3]. Mirimanoff RO, Gorlia T, Mason W, Van den Bent MJ, Kortmann RD, Fisher B, Reni M, Brandes AA, Curschmann J, Villa S, Cairncross G. Radiotherapy and temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: recursive partitioning analysis of the EORTC 26981/22981-NCIC CE3 phase III randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006 Jun 1;24(16):2563-9.

[4]. Jalali R, Basu A, Gupta T, Munshi A, Menon H, Sarin R, Goel A. Encouraging experience of concomitant Temozolomide with radiotherapy followed by adjuvant Temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: single institution experience. British journal of neurosurgery. 2007 Jan 1;21(6):583-7.

[5]. Hegi ME,. MGMT gene silencing and benefit from temozolomide in glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 2005;352:997-1003..