iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2019

Abstract: Purpose of the study: The most common adverse event after spinal anesthesia is shivering. Multiple etiologies have been made responsible for this. .Opiods have been used extensively for control of shivering, but opiods are associated with increased incidence of nausea and vomiting. So there is a need to find a drug to control shivering with fewer side effects. In the present study we are comparing the efficacy of dexmedetomedine and butarphanol in the treatment of post spinal anesthesia shivering along with the side effects of both the drugs Materials and Methods: A prospective double blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in tertiary care hospital in Visakhapatnam over.....

Keywords: Post spinal shivering, dexmedetomedine, butarphanol, sedation, nausea vomiting.

[1]. Akin A, Esmaoglu A, Boyaci A. Postoperative shivering in children and causative factors. Paediatr Anaesth 2005;15:1089‑93.
[2]. Apfel CC. Postoperative nausea and vomiting. In: Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener‑Kronish JP, Young WL, editors. Miller's Anaesthesia. 7thed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2010.
[3]. Alfonsi P, Hongnat JM, Lebrault C, Chauvin M. The effects of pethidine, fentanyl and lignocaine on postanaesthetic shivering. Anaesthesia 1995;50:214‑7.
[4]. Blaine Easley R, Brady KM, Tobias JD. Dexmedetomidine for the treatment of postanesthesia shivering in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2007;17:341‑6.
[5]. Crowley LJ, Buggy DJ. Shivering and neuraxial anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2008;33:241‑52.Ciofolo MJ, Clergue F, Devilliers C, Ben Ammar M, Viars P. Changes in ventilation, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide output during recovery from isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1989;70:737‑41....

Abstract: The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), developed by De la Mora and Russell 6, has been found to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess women's attitudes regarding infant feeding and to predict the choice of feeding methods and duration of breastfeeding in diverse populations and in a number of countries 7-15Breast milk is recognized worldwide as the optimal food for newborns as it confers substantial health advantages to both the child and the mother 1. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is recommended, with the gradual introduction of complementary foods and continuation of breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond 2. However, most women do not follow them. Lack of education and local traditions and attitudes play a role in this. Psychosocial....

[1]. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Health effects of Breastfeeding: An Update. RIVM Report 2015-0043. Available online: http://www.rivm.nl/dsresource?objectid=rivmp:276940&type=org&disposition=inline&ns_nc=1 (accessed on 13 December 2017).
[2]. World Health Organization. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. Available online: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241562218.pdf?ua=1 (accessed on 5 December 2017).
[3]. Ministerio de Sanidad, ServiciosSociales e Igualdad. Informe anual del Sistema Nacional de Salud 2012. Available online: http://www.msssi.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/sisInfSanSNS/tablasEstadisticas/InfSNS2012.htm (accessed on 8 January 2018).
[4]. Dungy, C.I.; Losch, M.; Russell, D. Maternal attitudes as predictors of infant feeding decisions. J. Assoc. Acad. Minor. Phys. 1994, 5, 159–164. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
[5]. Chen, C.H.; Chi, C.S. Maternal intention and actual behavior in infant feeding at one month postpartum. Acta Paediatr. Taiwan 2003, 44, 140–144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed.

Abstract: Atopic dermatitis a common dermatological disease worldwide occurs commonly during early infancy and childhood. Multiple modalities used in the treatment ; each has advantages and side effects. Patients and Methods: A single-blind, placebo-controlled therapeutic trial from January 2017 to August 2018To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical 10% Nigella sativa (black seed) ointment in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Sixty patients with atopic dermatitis were included in this study, they were divided into two groups; each one consisted of thirty patients. Group one treated with topical 10% Nigella sativa ointment; group two treated with topical vaseline alone. Patients were evaluated clinically byusing severity scoring of atopic dermatitis Index before and after therapy. All.....

Keywords: Nigella sativa, atopic dermatitis(AD),Vaseline

[1]. Friedmann PS and Holden CA. Atopic dermatitis. In: Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N and Griffiths C (eds.). Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 7th ed., Blackwell Science 2004; 18: 1-29.
[2]. Odom RB, James WD, and Berger TG. Atopic dermatitis. In: Andrew's Disease Of The Skin, Clinical Dermatology, 9th ed., WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia 2000; 5: 69-76.
[3]. Hayden GF. Skin diseases encountered in a pediatric clinic. One year prospective study. Am J Dis Child 1985; 139: 36-38.
[4]. Kaftan FM. The frequency of skin diseases among infants and children in Sulaimani city. Master study, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani 2005.

[5]. Hunter JA, Savin JA and Dahl MV. Eczema and dermatitis. In: Clinical Dermatology, 3rd ed., Blackwell Science Ltd; 2002, 7: pp. 82..

Abstract: The objective of our study– to determine the effect of glucose-lowering therapy on blood glucose indices, vessels' structure and markers of functional conditions of kidneys in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: 11 type-1 and 39 type-2 diabetic patients were studied with assessment of vascular endothelium state and renal function parametersfor a period of 3 months. Endotheliocytemia level was estimated using Hladovec method. Results and discussion. 3-month course of insulin glargine in combination with short-acting insulin in type-1 diabetic patients and the administration of oral hypoglycemic therapy in combination with insulin glargine in type 2 diabetic patients has been associated with clinically significant improvement in glycemic control. Thenumberofcirculating......

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; endothelial dysfunction; diabetic kidney disease, circulating endothelial cells, vascular endothelium, vascular complications

[1]. Zheng, Y., Ley, S. H., Hu, F. B. Globalaetiologyandepidemiologyoftype 2 diabetesmellitusanditscomplications.NatureReviewsEndocrinology, (2018) 14(2): 88
[2]. Gozhenko A. I., Kuznetsova H. S., Kuznetsova K.S., Byts T.M., Gozhenko E.A., ShevchenkoN.O. Circulating in the blood desquamated endotheliocytes at the diabetic nephropathy. Fiziol. Zh.,(2018) 64(2): 34-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fz64.02.034.
[3]. KuznetsovaH.S., GozhenkoA.I., KuznetsovaK.S., Shuhtin V. V. KuznetsovaO.M., KuznetsovS.H.EndotheliumPhysiologyandpathology: monograph. Odessa. «Fenix». (2018) 284p. [inRussian]
[4]. Kuznetsova E.S., Kuznetsova A.S., Shuhtin V.V., Gozhenko A.I. Particularqualitiesoftherenalosmoregulatoryfunctioninpatientswithtype 2 diabetes. UkrainianJournalofNephrologyandDialysis. (2015) 4: 21-6.[inRussian].
[5]. GozhenkoA.I., KuznetsovaH.S., KuznetsovaK.S., BytsT.N.Endothelialdysfunctioninthepathogenesisofdiabetescomplications. Themessage II. Endothelialdysfunctionasthemainpathogeneticlinkofvascularcomplicationsoftype 2 diabetes. Endocrynologia(2017) 22 (4): 381-9[inRussian].

Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is a pandemic metabolic disease prevailing globally and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. It affects most parts of human body including the oral cavity. Prosthodontic care of a patient suffering from diabetes demands the specialist to have thorough understanding of the concealed facts about the metabolic disorder. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. Contributing factors include genetics, obesity, physical inactivity and advancing age. Diabetes affects most parts of the human body, also oral cavity is no exception for the same. The aim of this review article is to enlighten the adverse effect of diabetes mellitus, oral manifestations and its effect on prosthodontic management and care.

Keywords: oral manifestation, prosthodontic management, Diabetes Mellitus

[1]. Varon F, Shipman M. The role of dental professional in diabetes care. J Contemp Dent Prac 2000; 1:1-27.
[2]. Chang PC, Lim LP. Interrelationships of periodontitis and diabetes: A review of the current literature. Journal of Dental Sciences. 2012 Sep 30;7(3):272-82.
[3]. Bascones-Martinez A, Matesanz-Perez P, Escribano-Bermejo M, González-Moles MÁ, Bascones- Ilundain J, Meurman JH.Periodontal disease and diabetes-Review of the Literature.Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Sep 1;16(6):e722-9.
[4]. Soysa NS, Samaranayabe LP, Ellepole AN. Diabetes Mellitus as a contributory factor in oral candidosis. Diabet Med 2006; 23:455-9.
[5]. Vernillo AT. Diabetes Mellitus: Relevance dental treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 91:263-70...

Abstract: Objective:To study the reversal of induced astigmatism by pterygium following its excision and conjunctival limbal autograft with no suture and no glue technique. Methods: 33 patients with nasal pterygium were included. All patients were examined and graded for the degree of pterygium, keratometry and visual acuity before and after the procedure. All patients underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft with no suture no glue technique by the same surgeon.Results :Amoung 33 patients ,16 patients with grade 1 and 17 with grade 2 were included.There was significant reduction of astigmatism post operatively in the form of reduction in the difference between K1 and K2 for Grade 1 (p= 0.001) and Grade 2 ptergia. (p< 0.001)The post operative difference of K1-K2 stabilizes at 1 month.Conclusion: There is significant improvement in post op visual acuity and induced astigmatism following pterygium excision .

Keywords: Pterygium, Astigmatism

[1]. Shelke E, Kawalkar U, Wankar R, Nandedkar V, Khaire B, Gosavi V. Effect of Pterygium Excision on Pterygium Induced Astigmatism and Visual Acuity. Age (years). 2014;40(9):24-4.

[2]. Lin A, Stern G. Correlation between pterygium size and induced corneal astigmatism. Cornea. 1998 Jan;17(1):28-30.

[3]. Abdu Lawan SH, Ifeanyichukwu EP, Yahaya HB, Sani RY, Habib SG, Shuaib A, Eme O. The astigmatic effect of pterygium in a Tertiary Hospital in Kano, Nigeria. Annals of African medicine. 2018 Jan;17(1):7.

[4]. Maheshwari S. Effect of pterygium excision on pterygium induced astigmatism. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 2003 Jun 1;51(2):187.

[5]. . Cinal A, Yasar T, Demirok A, Topaz H. The effect of pterygium surgery on corneal topography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:35-40..

Abstract: Background: During scaling and root planing procedure aerosol production has been known as potent source of infection. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two different mouthwashes containing Essential Oils and herbal extracts by using them as preprocedural rinsing agent in reducing the bacterial load of the aerosol produced by ultrasonic scaler. Materials and Methods: 45 subjects, age and gender matched were randomly divided into three groups on the basis of agents used for pre-procedural mouthrinsing - Group I: Distilled Water (Control), Group II: Herbal extracts (HR), Group III: Essential Oils (EO). The aerosols were collected on three previously prepared and sterilised blood agar plates at three different positions in the operatory. The colony forming units were counted after incubating the plates for 48 hours.....

Keywords: aerosol, essential oils, herbal extracts, mouthwash.

[1]. Acharya S, Priya H, Purohit B, Bhat M. Aerosol contamination in a rural university dental clinic in South India. Int J Infect Control 2010;6:i1.
[2]. Saini R. Efficacy of preprocedural mouth rinse containing chlorine dioxide in reduction of viable bacterial count in dental aerosols during ultrasonic scaling: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Dent Hypotheses 2015;6:65‑71.
[3]. Hinds WC. Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles. New York: Wiley; 1982. p. 6.
[4]. Holbrook WP, Muir KF, MacPhee IT, Ross PW. Bacterial investigation of the aerosol from ultrasonic scalers. Br Dent J. 1978;144(8):245-247.
[5]. Larato DC, Ruskin PF, Martin A, Delanko R. Effect of a dental air turbine drill on the bacterial counts in air. J Prosthet Dent. 1966;16(4):758-765...

Abstract: Background: The epidemiology of malaria in children is difficult to assess as most of clinical symptoms are non-specific and most of the cases occur in settings where no routine testing is available. The infection with the species Plasmodium falciparum is one of the leading causes of child death from infectious diseases worldwide. Malaria, a non-fatal disease if detected promptly and treated properly, still causes many deaths in malaria-endemic countries with limited healthcare facilities. Objective: Study about poor prognosis and mortality rate of p.falciparum malaria infection in children in Bihar. Materials & Methods: The study was carried out between Oct 2005 and Sept 2006 in the Department of Paediatrics PMCH Patna. All children (up to 18 yrs of age with fever of short duration visited to hospital either in OPD or indoor without any documented pre-existing systemic illness were included in this study. The cases for present study were selected..........

Keywords: P. plasmodium, MODS- multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, ARF-acute renal failure, DIC- disseminated intra vascular coagulation

[1]. Malaria. 27 March 2019, Key facts. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria.
[2]. Kumar A, Valecha N, Jain T, Dash AP. Burden of malaria in India: Retrospective and prospective view. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77(6): 69–78.
[3]. Dhingra N, Jha P, Sharma VP, Cohen AA, Jotkar RM, Rodriguez PS, et al. Adult and child malaria mortality in India: A nationally representative mortality survey. Lancet 2010; 376: 1768– 74.
[4]. Valecha N, Staedke S, Filler S, Mpimbaza A, Greenwood B, Chandramohan D. Malaria-attributed death rates in India. Lancet 2011; 377(9770): 992–3.

[5]. Mittal M, Jain R, Talukdar B, Kumar M, Kapoor K. Emerging new trends of malaria in children: a study from a tertiary care centre in northern India. J Vector Borne Dis. 2014 Jun;51(2):115-8.

Abstract: Stress response to anaesthesia and surgery is a well-known entity involving hormonal and metabolic disturbances. Pre-operative medication is an important part of anaesthesia. Satisfactory preoperative preparation and medication facilitates an uneventful perioperative course.Administration of α2‐adrenoceptor agonists generally increase blood glucose levels, in spite of the ensuing sympatholysis that would be expected to lower blood glucose as a result of diminished α1‐ and β‐adrenoceptor activation. This class of drugs has been investigated in almost all facets of anaesthesia practice like premedication, intraoperative supplementation, total intravenous anaesthesia.........

[1]. J.P.Desborough. The stress response to trauma and surgery. Br J Anaesth 2000; 85: 109–17.
[2]. Maze M, Tranquilli W: Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists: Defining the role in clinical anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 581–605.
[3]. TakahiKoKamibayashi and Maze M et al. The role of Alpha2-adrenergic agonists in Anesthesia. Recent Advances in Anaesthesia and Analgesia No 21; 1-15.
[4]. Hayashi Y, and Maze M: Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists and anaesthesia. Br JAnaesth 1993; 71: 108–118.
[5]. Flacke JW, Bloor BC, Flacke WE, Wong D, Dazza S, Stead SW, Laks H. Reduced narcotic requirement by clonidine with improved hemodynamic and adrenergic stability in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Anesthesiology 1987; 67:11-19.

Abstract: Background -Scabies, an intensely pruritic ectoparasitic skin infestation, affects over 130 million people and hampers quality of life. Permethrin in considered the most effective topical treatment for scabies. Ivermectin is the only oral alternative and can also be applied topically. Aim -To assess and compare the efficacy of topical ivermectin and topical permethrin with oral Ivermectin for scabies Method -We included non randomized controlled trials that compared topical Ivermectin with Permethrin and oral ivermectin against each other for people with scabies of either sex, however pregnant females and children below 5 years were excluded from study..........

[1]. Bachewar NP, Thawani VR, Mali SN, Gharpure KJ, Shingade VP, Dakhale GN. Comparison of safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness of benzyl benzoate, permethrin, and ivermectin in patients of scabies. Indian J Pharmacol 2009;41:9-14.

[2]. Ly F, Caumes E, Ndaw CA, Ndiaye B, Mahé A. Ivermectin versus benzyl benzoate applied once or twice to treat human scabies in Dakar, Senegal: A randomized controlled trial. Bull World Health Organ 2009;87:424-30.

[3]. Yeruham I, Hadani A. Control of human scabies by topical application of ivermectin. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1998;92:627- 9.

Abstract: One of the most important anatomic variations is the "C" shaped configuration of the canal system. C shaped canal presents an extensive complex system and is mostly seen in mandibular second molars. Careful assessment of preoperative radiograph is a key step for its subsequent management, and this assessment might impact greatly on the treatment outcomes. The main anatomic feature of this is the presence of fins or webs connecting individual mesial and distal canals. The C shaped configuration presents a challenge to debridement and obturation..

Keywords: C shaped canal, mandibular second molar, warm vertical obturation

[1]. Rahimi S, Shahi S, Lotfi M, Zand V, Abdolrahimi M, Es'haghi R. Root canal configuration and the prevalence of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars in an Iranian population. J Oral Sci 2008;50:9-13.
[2]. Cooke HG 3rd, Cox FL. C-shaped canal configurations in mandibular molars. J Am Dent Assoc. 1979;99:836– 9.
[3]. Yang ZP, Yang SF, Lin YC, Shay JC, Chi CY. C-shaped root canals in mandibular second molars in a Chinese population. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:160-3.
[4]. Velmurugan N, Sandhya R. Root canal morphology of mandibular first premolars in an Indian population: A laboratory study. Int Endod J 2009;42:54-8.
[5]. Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CC. Root and root canal morphology of the human permanent maxillary first molar: A literature review. J Endod 2006;32:813-21...

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen causing wide spectrum of infections such as skin and soft tissue infections ,endovascular infections, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis and sepsis(1).It is considered as an important etiological agent of nosocomial or community acquired infection leading to serious infections (2).In recent years there is an increase in number of these bacteria showing resistance to Methicillin. Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was first reported in 1961(2).It is a great cause of concern for clinicians as it..........

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance

[1]. Michael Z David,RobertS.Daum.Community associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic.ClinMicrobiol Rev.2010 Jul:23(3): 616-687.
[2]. Sharma.S, Shreevastava.P, Kulshrestha .A, Abbas.A. Evaluation of different phenotypic methods for the detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MRSA.Int J Community med public Health,2017 Sep:4(9):3297-3301.
[3]. Bandaru NR et al. Evaluation of four phenotypic methods for the rapid identification of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Int J Res Med Sci 2016 Jun :4(6):2271-75.
[4]. 4Indian Network for surveillance of antimicrobial Resistance (INSAR)group India. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inIndia;Prevalence and susceptibility pattern.Indian J Med Res 137,Feb 2013,pp363-369.
[5]. Clinical and Laboratory standards Institute (2019) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing:TwentyninetheditionCLSI document M100-2019 vol39:no1: Clinical and Laboratory standards Institute

Abstract: Background:Dyselectrolytemia in the form of hyponatremia in SAM children is a common complication.Hyponatremia leading to fatal consequencesis well known.There is lack of literature regarding hyponatremia prevalence and its associated factors in SAMchildren. Objective:This study aimed to evaluate predicting factors associated with hyponatremia in children under five years of age with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in NRC (Nutrional Rehabilitation Centre) Methods:In thiscase-control design, we compared clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with 164(55%)and without hyponatremia 129(45%) taken from a parent population of all children under five with SAM admitted in NRC.....

Keywords: Hyponatremia; Severe Acute Malnutrition

[1]. Joint UNICEF – WHO – The World Bank Child Malnutrition Database: Estimates for 2012 and Launch of Interactive Data Dashboardshttp://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/jme_2012_summary_note_v2.pdf
[2]. Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, de OnisM,Ezzati M, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: globaland regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet.2008;371:243-60.
[3]. Sachdev HPS, Kapil U and Sheila V. Consensus Statement: national consensus workshop on management of SAM Children through medical nutrition therapy. Indian Pediatrics. 2010;47:651-4.
[4]. International Institute for population sciences. National family health survey 4. Mumbai India: International Institute of Population Science. 2016.
[5]. Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, de Onis M, Ezzati M, Mathers C, et al. Maternal and Child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet. 2008;371(9608):243- 60..

Abstract: Introduction: The upper gastrointestinal flexible fibreoptic endoscope was a simple, safe and well tolerated procedure. The endoscopic biopsy not only permits exact diagnosis of a specific entity but also provides an opportunity to see H.pylori status and may detect gastric mucosal lesions at an early stage. Aims & Objectives: To study the morphological spectrum of upper gastrointestinal lesions in endoscopic biopsies Materials & Methods: A prospective study of 187 cases for a period of 2 yrs. The material was fixed in 10% formalin routinely processed and stained with H&E Results: Out of 187 cases 34 were esophageal,135 from stomach and 9 each from esophagogastric junction and duodenum. conclusion: squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignancy of the esophagus, seen in 6th and 7th decade, more frequent in......

Keywords: upper gastrointestinal lesions, Risk factors, adenocarcinoma ,Squamous cell carcinoma

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Abstract: Medical education is always considered as challenging and demanding. Unfortunately, the fact that doctors too can experience emotional disturbances like everyone else is overlooked and experiencing stress in medical life is considered to be a done thing. The undergraduate students, when bombarded with the burden of academic curriculum coupled with the necessity to become responsible and competent professionals, experience stress but hardly reach out to others for help. The coping styles of students who experience stress are also majorly maladaptive and that only adds on to their distress. Stress not only disturbs our emotional equilibrium but also takes a toll on our.........

Keywords: Stressor, Medical students, perceived stress, coping strategy

[1]. H. G. Koenig, H. J. Cohen, D. G. Blazer et al., "Religious coping and depression among elderly, hospitalized medically ill men," American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 149, no. 12, pp. 1693–1700, 1992.

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Abstract: We report a case of motor cyclist who presented with left empty hemiscrotum, straddle injury after motor cycle collision. Tender soft mass was palpable in the left groin on physical examination. Ultrasound of scrotum revealed dislocated left testis within in the inguinal canal. It is of normal size and echotexture. Doppler showed good vascularity of testis. He had pelvic surgery. He was managed for pain conservatively with NSAIDS and ice packs. Two weeks later Doppler of dislocated testis showed good vascularity. Surgical exploration and orchidopexy was performed. There were no post op complications. Two weeks later on follow up examination, left testis is in scrotum.

[1]. Case Report Traumatic testicular dislocation: A rare occurrence of blunt scrotal injury. Yi-Sheng Tai,Yi-Sheng Chen, Ping- Kun Tsai, Wen- Jen Wong. Urological Science 25 (2014) 158-160.
[2]. Case Report Bilateral traumatic testicular dislocation: Nubyhelia Maria Negreiro de Carvalho, Ana ClemildaXimenes Marques, IvonTeixeria de Souza, VanessaGuerrerioSoares, Felipe Gomes do Nascimento, Leticia Macedo Pinto, Lucas Victor Rodrigues Dias, and GuilhermeCarneiroTeixeira.Hindawi, Case Reports in Urology. Volume 2018,Article ID 7162351, 5 pages.
[3]. Role of Ultrasound in testicular and scrotal trauma. Shweta Bhatt,MD, Vikram S. Dogra,MD.RSNA,2008 Radiographics.najnls.org.
[4]. Perera E, Bhatt S.Dogra VS Traumatic ectopic dislocation of testis. J clin Imaging Sci 2011;1:17.
[5]. Kochakaran W.Choonaklai V, Hotrapawanond P. muangman V.Traumatic testicular dislocation: a review of 36 cases J Med Assoc Thai 2000; 83:208 -12.

Abstract: Sagittal discrepancy is measuring antero-posterior relationship of the maxilla and mandible. It was one of the most common skeletal malocclusion for which patients seek orthodontic treatment and therefore an accurate evaluation of anteroposterior discrepancy is critical for orthodontic diagnosis. Various sagittal parameters have been used for assessment of sagittal discrepancy. Pi analysis was one of such parameters. Present study was carried out in Department of Orthodontia, GDCH Ahmedabad, for assessment and comparison of Pi analysis with other parameters. 120 pretreatment lateral cephalogram were traced and the values obtained were statistically analyzed. Result showed the mean values of Pi analysis for skeletal Cl I was 2.28̊ ± 0.813̊, for Cl II Div 1was 8.60̊±....

Keywords: Sagittal discrepancy, Pi analysis, Yen angle, W angle, beta angle

[1]. Jain.S, Raghunath.N, Murlidhar.N. A comparison of W angle, Pi angle, and Yen angle for assessing anteroposterior skeletal dysplasia in various malocclusion among regional population: a cephalometric study. IJDRD vol 8, issue 3 Jun 2018.
[2]. Relwani P., Gowda N.C., Ramegowda S. Comparative assessment of changes in sagittal relationship of maxilla to mandible in class II malocclusion- a cephalometric study. Indian journal of orthodontics and dentofacial research 2016; 2(2):77-82.
[3]. Kumar V., Sundareswaran S. Cephalometric Assessment of Sagittal Dysplasia: A review of Twenty-One methods. JIOS 2014; 48(1):33-41.
[4]. Mittal D., Ventakesh S., shivamurthy P.G., MathewC S. A "new vista" in the assessment of antero-posterior jaw relationship. APOS 2018; 5(4):151-156.
[5]. Kumar S, Valiathan A, Gautam P, Chakravarthy K, Jayaswal P. An evaluation of the Pi analysis in the assessment of anteroposterior jaw relationship. J Orthod 2012 Dec;39(4):262-269..