iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2019

Abstract: Constipation is a major health issue that can develop directly due to known organic causes or indirectly due to other systemic are known as primary constipation. Clinically this can be of two types functional constipation and constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). Patients from both of these types may be from different age group, different gender and also be presented with common pathophysiologic subtypes like dyssynergic defecation (DD), normal / slow colon transit constipation (NTC). The objective of this study is to analyze and compare different clinical parameters of constipation and IBS-C according to the basis of gender distribution. The success of biofeedback therapy (BFT) was also assessed among patients with DD. Patients egistered under....... .

[1]. Andrews, C.N., Storr, M. The pathophysiology of chronic constipation. Canadian journal of gastroenterology, Journal canadien de gastroenterologie. 2011; 25 Suppl B, 16B-21B
[2]. Rooprai R., Bhat N., Sainani R., Mayabhate M.M. Prevalence of functional constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in Indian patients with constipation. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2017; 6(2):275-285.
[3]. Kim, Y.S., Kim, N. Sex-Gender Differences in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility. 2018; 24: 544-558
[4]. Ray, G. Evaluation of the Symptom of Constipation in Indian Patients. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10: OC01-03
[5]. Sharma S., Agarwal BB. Scoring Systems in Evaluation of Constipation and Obstructed Defecation Syndrome (ODS). JIMSA 2012; 25 (1): 57-59..

Abstract: Introduction: Maternal hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder in pregnancy.Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy has an immense impact on maternal and fetal outcome.Thyroid hormones are critical for the development of the fetal brain.Maternal hypothyroidism occurring in the first half of pregnancy might be harmful to fetal brain development.The aim of the present study was to find out the thyroid status in each trimester in normal pregnant women and to find out association of thyroid dysfunction with different trimesters. Material and subjects : The cross-sectional study was undertaken in 100 pregnant women above 18 years of age irrespective of caste, creed....... .

Keywords: Pregnancy ,Maternal hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism

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[3]. Davis LE, Leveno KJ, Cunningham FG. Hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy. ObstetGynecol 1988;72:108–12.

[4]. Soldin OP, Tractenberg RE, Hollowell JG etal.Trimester-specific changes in maternal thyroid hormone, thyrotropin, and thyroglobulin concentrations during gestation: trends and associations across trimesters in iodine sufficiency. Thyroid 2004; 14:1084-1090.
[5]. Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, Gagnon J, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med.1999;341:549–55. [PubMed: 10451459]

Abstract: Purpose - to study the Oct findings in high myopic patients Methods- This was a prospective observational study that involved 100 eyes of 50 patients with high myopia complaining of recent diminution of vision. OCT examination was done through dilated pupils,OCT examination was done through a dilated pupil using commercially available Results-There were 30 females and 20 males and was done in the age group 15-30 years Epiretinal membrane was present in 32 eyes. Vitreomacular traction (anteroposterior traction) was detected in 5 eyes. . Macular retinoschisiswas present in 20eyes Conclusion-Optical coherence....... .

Keywords: High myopia, optical coherence tomography, retinoschisis

[1]. Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology, Eighth Edition
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[5]. Shimada N, Ohno-Matsui K, Baba T, Futagami S, Tokoro T, Mochizuki M. Natural course of macular retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes without macular hole or retinal detachment. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;142:497-500..

Abstract: There is some evidence to suggest an increasing number of patients taking ART drugs are presenting with thyroid disorders.Thyroid hormone plays a fundamental role in metabolism and regulate immune system¹.HIV infection involves almost all the organs and systems including endocrine glands.So an alteration in the thyroid function is possible if not directly by the virus itself²,³.Specific pattern of abnormal TFT findings are more frequently identified among HIV infected patients although the prevalence of overt thyroid disease does not appear to be significantly increased in HIV infected patients compared with general population.⁴Discrepency remains in the prevalence rate of thyroid dysfunction reported from India and abroad.There is still a lack...... .

[1]. Fabris N,Muzzioli M,Mocchegiani E.Recovery of age dependent. immunological deterioration in Balb/c mice by short term treatment with l-thyroxin Mech.Ageing dev,1982:8;pp 327-338
[2]. Raffi F,Brisseau JM,Planchon B et al,Endocrine function in 98 HIV-infected patients:a prospective study,AIDS1991:5;pp,729-33
[3]. Dobs AS,Dempsy MA,Ladenson PW et.al,Endocrine disorders in meninfected with human immunodeficiency virus.American journal of Medicine,1988:84;pp 611-16
[4]. Christopher J.Hoffmann and Todd T.Brown,Thyroid Function Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Patients.Cinical Infectious Diseases 2007;45/;488-494
[5]. Beltran S,Lescure FX,desailloud R et al .Increased prevalence of hypothyroidism among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients :a need for screening.Clin Infect Dis,2003;37:579-83.

Abstract: Background and Objectives.-Although chronic daily headache, mainly transformed migraine, is an important reason for consultation in headache clinics, its actual prevalence is unknown. This study analyzes the prevalence of the different types of chronic daily headache in an unselected population. Methods.-A questionnaire exploring headache frequency was distributed to 300 unselected subjects. Those having headache 10 or more days per month were given a headache diary and were seen by a neurologist who classified their headaches....... .

Key words: chronic daily headache, transformed migraine

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Abstract: In developing countries like India, detection of Tuberculous lymphadenitis with traditional diagnostic tools is a major challenge. Sputum microscopy is the simplest and rapid test currently available to detect acid fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl –Neelsen staining method. But, it requires at least 5000 Bacilli per ml culture and it takes at least 3 weeks and is too long for initiating the treatment.Over the past decade,fine needle cytology has assumed an important role in the evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy. Most often superficial lymphnodes are affected in tuberculous lymphadenitis and are accessible for fine needle aspiration without radiological guidance.The presence of epithelioid cells is the first step in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis..... .

Key Words: Mycobacterium, Tuberculosis, Microscopic analysis, Staining, PCR

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Abstract: Tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of death and the leading cause from a single infectious agent worldwide. Millions of people continue to fall sick with TB each year. India contributes to approximately one fourth of the global TB burden.[1] India has planned to eliminate the tuberculosis by 2025 through ambitious national strategic plan (NSP) 2017-2025, under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP).[2] Lack of knowledge is a major hurdle for appropriate positive healthcare seeking behaviours. Like other preventable diseases, knowledge and awareness about tuberculosis in population is very important for its control and elimination. Studies have shown that TB control can significantly be enhanced if more concern is given to improve knowledge and attitudes towards disease.[3-5] Knowledge....... .

[1]. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2018. World Health Organization. p1; accessed on 12/05/19; retrieved from https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/tb18_ExecSum_web_4Oct18.pdf?ua=1

[2]. National Strategic Plan For Tuberculosis Elimination 2017–2025 p6; accessed on 09/05/19; retrieved from https://tbcindia .gov.in/WriteReadData/NSP%20Draft%2020.02.2017%201.pdf

[3]. Parija D., Patra T. K., Kumar A. M. V., Swain B. K., Satyanarayana S., Sreenivas A., et al. (2014).Impact of awareness drives and community based active tuberculosis case finding inOdisha India. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 18(9):1105-1107.doi: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0918

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[5]. (2012).Intervention to increase detection of childhood tuberculosis in Bangladesh. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 16(1):70-75.doi: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0060..

Abstract: This is a double blind randomized clinically controlled comparative study of addition of potassium chloride and sodium bicarbonate to lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline in brachial plexus block. 60 patients of ASA I and II of aged between 20 to 60 years of either sex posted for upper limb surgery were randomly allocated into two groups A and B. Group A received 30 ml of lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline ( 1:200000) and sodium bicarbonate ( 7.5%w/v). Group B received 30ml of lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline (1:200000) and potassium chloride (15%w/v compare). We observed onset of block, duration of block and duration of analgesia. It was observed that in group B onset of sensory block was earlier when compared to group A and it is statistically....... .

Keywords: Adjuvants-sodium bicarbonate-potassium chloride-lignocaine hydrochloride-adrenaline-brachial plexus block.

[1]. Strobel GE, Bianchi CP. The effects of pH gradients on the action of procaine and lidocaine in intact and desheathed sciatic nerves. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1970; 1-17.
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Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide representing nearly a quarter (25%) of all cancers with an estimated 1.67 million new cancer cases diagnosed in 2012. Women from less developed regions (883 000 cases) have slightly more number of cases compared to more developed (794 000) regions. Materials and Methods: Our study is a retrospective case control study where we had analyzed the medical records of all the cases of breast cancers who had undergone surgery (Modified Radical Mastectomy, MRM; with axillary lymph node dissection...... .

Key Words: breast cancer, chemotherapy, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil

[1]. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136: E359–86

[2]. Gupta A, Shridhar K, Dhillon PK. A review of breast cancer awareness among women in India: cancer literate or awareness deficit? Eur J Cancer 2015; 51: 2058–66

[3]. Kaarthigeyan K. Cervical cancer in India and HPV vaccination. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2012; 33: 7–12
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Abstract: Dental anxiety denotes a state of apprehension that something dreadful is going to happen during the dental treatment and it is coupled with sense of losing control. Dental anxiety and fear is a frequently encountered problem in dental offices that result in avoidance of dental care.1 It has been cited as the fifth most common cause of anxiety by Agrus et-al.2 Studies have revealed that one in four children (22%) seen by pediatric dentists may present a marked behavior management problem.3 The presence of disruptive behavior whether the result of anxiety, temperament or simple non-compliance is of particular concern for a pediatric dentist. First, children with high dental fear are more likely to delay or avoid dental visits.4, 5 Second such children may prove difficult to treat, require..... .

[1]. Chaturvedi S, Walimbe H, Karekar P, Nalawade H, Nankar M, Nene K. Comparative Evaluation of Anxiety Level during the Conventional Dental Procedures with and without Audiovisual Distraction Eyeglasses in Pediatric Dental Patients. J Int Oral Health 8(11):1016-1022, 2016.

[2]. Agras S, Sylvester D, Oliveau D. The epidemiology of common fears and phobia. Comprehensive psychiatry. 1969 Mar 1;10(2):151-6.

[3]. Alwin NP, Murray JJ, Britton PG. An assessment of dental anxiety in children. British dental journal. 1991 Oct 5;171(7):201.

[4]. Armfield JM, Spencer AJ, Stewart JF. Dental fear in Australia: who's afraid of the dentist?. Australian dental journal. 2006 Mar 1;51(1):78-85

[5]. Schuller AA, Willumsen T, Holst D. Are there differences in oral health and oral health behavior between individuals with high and low dental fear?. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. 2003 Apr 1;31(2):116-21...