iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2019

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study is to compare, analyse and correlate the different classes of malocclusion and the patterns of finger tips. Materials and Methods: 100 students aged 13-16 years were clinically examined to determine the class of malocclusion based on Angle's classification. The fingerprint patterns of both right and left hand of each student were recorded and studied using the magnifying glass. Statistical analysis was done to analyse and correlate the findings. Results: An increased frequency of whorls was seen in students with Normal occlusion and Class 1 malocclusion whereas increased frequency of loops was found in students with Class 2 malocclusion. Class....

Keywords: Dermatoglyphics, Fingerprints, Angle's Classification, Malocclusion.

[1]. Cummins H and Midlo C: Quoted from Dermatoglyphics in healthy Indian children. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 1974; 41:249-256.
[2]. Achalli S, Patala M, Nayak U, Soans CR. Dermatoglyphics and Orthodontics. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation 2016; 7:144-7.
[3]. Tikare S, Rajesh G, Prasad KVV, Thippeswamy V, Javali SB. Dermatoglyphics – A marker for malocclusion?. International Dental Journal 2010; 60:300-304.
[4]. Sharma A and Somani R. Dermatoglyphic interpretation of dental caries and its correlation to salivary bacteria interactions: An in vivo Study. Journal of Indian Society Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry 2009: 27: 17-21
[5]. Khanna M, Chatterjee S, Dua V. A Study in Correlations Between Skeletal And Dental Malocclusion And Dermatoglyphic Patterns, Indian Journal of Dental Sciences 2015; 3(7):34-36.

Abstract: Lack of insight in schizophrenia is a debated issue regarding course and outcome of the disorder. Cognitive functions through processing of information helps in assessing the insight, hence cognitive functions are compared with level of Insight to find any correlation. AIMS and OBJECTIVES: To study the cognitive functions, level of insight and relationship between cognitive functions and insight in Schizophrenic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study to examine the correlation between Cognitive functions and Insight in Schizophrenia. Subjects for the study were recruited from patients (in patients & out patients) attending tertiary.........

[1]. Moskowitz A, Heim G. Eugen Bleuler's Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias (1911): a centenary appreciation and reconsideration. Schizophr Bull. 2011 May;37(3):471-9. [2]. WHO. Report of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia, Volume I. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1973.
[3]. Amador XF, Flaum M, Andreasen NC, Strauss DH, Yale SA, Clark SC, Gorman JM.Awareness of illness in schizophrenia and schizoaffective and mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994 Oct;51(10):826-36.
[4]. Ghaemi SN, Pope HG Jr. Lack of insight in psychotic and affective disorders: a review of empirical studies. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 1994 May-Jun;2(1):22-33.
[5]. Cuesta MJ, Peralta V. Lack of insight in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1994;20(2):359-66.

Abstract: (HTO) High Tibial Osteotomy still has a role in the management of OA in selected cases. This procedure is ideally suited for patients with a high demand for physical activity. High tibial osteotomy is generally considered a method of prolonging the time before a knee replacement is necessary, because the benefits typically fade after eight to ten years. This procedure is typically reserved for younger patients with pain resulting from instability and malalignment. Retention of the joint always shows advantages over unicompartmental replacement, TKR replacement in active and younger patient. The proximal high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an established.....

Keywords: Osteoarthritis, High tibial osteotomy, Closed wedge osteotomy, Opening wedge osteotomy

[1]. Jackson JP, Waugh W. Tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1961; 43:746–751. [PubMed]
[2]. Rossi R, Bonasia DE, Amendola A. The role of high tibial osteotomy in the varus knee. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011; 19:590–599. [PubMed]
[3]. Amendola A, Bonasia DE. Results of high tibial osteotomy: review of the literature. Int Orthop. 2010; 34:155–160. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
[4]. Coventry MB, Bowman PW. Long-term results of upper tibial osteotomy for degenerative arthritis of the knee. Acta Orthop Belg 1982; 48:139-56.
[5]. Devas MB. High tibial osteotomy for arthritis of the knee: A method especially suitable for the elderly. J Bone Joint Surg {Br] 1969; 51:95-9.
[6]. Aglietti P, Rinonapoli E, Stringa G, Taviani A. Tibial osteotomy for the varus osteoarthritic knee. c/in Orthop. 1983; 176:239-51.

Abstract: Bone grafting is most common procedure in orthopaedic, it has been estimated that over 2050-3010 thousand people worldwide receive bone transplant every year, more than 25 times the number of people undergoing kidney transplant. But still Bone bank is not quite popular specially among the Indian people. Main indications for bone graft include 1) malignancies, 2) spinal surgery and bone loss following trauma. Sushruta, about 2500 years ago started bone transplant, but still not popular in India. The application and processing of human tissues for transplantation is covered by the Transplantation of Human Organs Act 1994 and must be registered with the State Health Authorities. Surprisingly, Bone Allograft has the same stringent law as kidney transplant. we are planning...........

[1]. Bauer TW, Muschler GF. Bone graft materials. An overview of the basic science. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;(371):371–377.
[2]. Tomford WW. Transmission of disease through transplantation of musculoskeletal allografts. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77(11):1742–1754. [PubMed]
[3]. Carr CR, Hyatt GW. Clinical evaluation of freeze-dried bone grafts. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1955; 37:549–566. [PubMed]
[4]. Mankin HJ, Doppelt S, Tomford W. Clinical experience with allograft implantation. The first ten years. Clin Orthop. 1983; 174:69–86. [PubMed]
[5]. 7. Mnaymneh W, Malinin T. Massive allografts in surgery of bone tumors. Orthop Clin North Am. 1989; 20:455–467. [PubMed).

Abstract: OBJECTIVE- To study the prevalence of thyroid disorders and its correlation with menstrual disorders METHOD-This cross-sectional study was done on 100 women attending gynae OPD in Nalanda medical college, Patna, Bihar in the time period of one year between March 2018 to March 2019. 100 women aged between 15 and 45 yrs were selected and divided into two groups, Study and Control. The study group consisted of 50 patients with menstrual disorders, while control group consisted of other 50 patients without menstrual disorders. Thyroid profile, anti-TPO antibody estimation, Transvaginal sonography and endometrial sampling were done in all patients. RESULTS-In patients with menstrual........

Keywords: Menstrual disorders, Thyroid dysfunction, Subclinical hypothyroidism, Thyroid autoimmunity.

[1]. Christy forter and Hiba al Zubeidi. Menstrual irregularities, 47, 1, (23), 2018
[2]. LivioCasarini, Danielle santi, Giulia Brigante and Manuela simoni. Two hormones for one receptor: evolution, biochemistry, action and pathophysiology of LH and HCG, 10.1210/2018-00065, 39, 5, (549-592), 2018
[3]. Janid Pigmental, Melisa chambers, Madhia shahid, Reetichawla. Comorbidities of thyroid disease, 63, 1, 2016
[4]. NangiaSangita Ajmani, Vinita Sarbhai, Namrata Yadav, Mohini Paul, Ayesha Ahmad, A.K. ajmani. Role of thyroid dysfunction in patients with menstrual disorder in tertiary care center of walled city of delhi, journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of india,66, 2, (115), 2016
[5]. James X Wu, Stephanie Young, Kevin RO, Ning li, Angela M Lung, Harvey k Chiu, Avital Harari, Michael W Yeh. Reproductive outcome and nonocologic complication after radioactive iodine ablation for well differentiated thyroid cases. 25, 1, (133), 2015

Abstract: Introduction: Wound dehiscence is a cause of significant morbidity especially in patients undergoing emergency laparotomies. Various factors like those inherent in the patient, surgical technique, stormy post operative course etc may be contributory, and it is necessary to look for suitable measures by which this complication may be prevented. Materials and Methods: 50 cases of abdominal wound disruption of various grades, out of 1200 emergency laparotomies were systemically analyzed. Cases were selected at random from the Upgraded Department of Surgery, DMCH, Laheriasarai......... .

Keywords: Emergency Laparotomy, Wound Dehiscence, Discharge, Wound Infection, Abdominal Closure

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[5]. Manassa EH et al: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003 may; 111(6): 2082-7; Discussion 2088-9...

Abstract: Introduction: Low back ache constitutes majority of the cases of orthopaedics out patient department. Low back ache causes more global disability than any other condition. Historically Epidural steroid injection is widely being used as nonspecific treatment for LBA with radiculopathy. The efficacy of epidural steroid is still controversial. Studies supporting the use and opposing the use are available. The rationale behind using epidural steroid is it anti-inflammatory action of steroid. Our study aims at observing the efficacy of epidural steroid injection for chronic lowback ache with radiculopathy and observing related complications during the procedure Methodology It is a prospective.......

Keywords: Epidural steroid injection . Radiculopathy . lowback ache

[1]. Hoy D, March L, Brooks P, et al. The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73: 968–974 [2]. Recent data on the pathophysiology of nerve root compression and pain.Boulu P1, Benoist M. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1996 May;63(5):358-63.
[3]. Lehne RA. Local anesthetics. In: Lehne RA, ed. Pharmacology for Nursing Care. 7th ed. St. Louis, MO:Saunders Elsevier; 2010.
[4]. Parr AT, Diwan S, Abdi S. Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic low backand lower extremity pain: a systematic review. Pain Physician. 2009;12(1);163-188.
[5]. Botwin KP, Gruber RD. Lumbar epidural steroid injections in the patient with lumbar spinal stenosis.Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2003;14(1);121-141.

Abstract: Foreign body(FB)ingestion in children needs to be followed carefully to avoid the morbidity related to it. Most of the foreign bodies passed out without any complications, some needs endoscopic or surgical procedure to retrieve the same. Here we retrospectively studied the children came for ingested FB's in our paediatric surgery department

Keywords: Battery;Children ; Coin; Foreign Body (FB); Ingestion

[1]. Lee JH. Foreign Body Ingestion in Children. Clin Endosc. 2018 Mar;51(2):129-136. doi: 10.5946/ce.2018.039. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
[2]. Diaconescu S, Gimiga N, Sarbu I, Stefanescu G, Olaru C, Ioniuc I, Ciongradi I, Burlea M. Foreign Bodies Ingestion in Children: Experience of 61 Cases in a Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit from Romania. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016;2016:1982567. doi: 10.1155/2016/1982567
[3]. Lee JH, Lee JH, Shim JO, Lee JH, Eun BL, Yoo KH. Foreign Body Ingestion in Children: Should Button Batteries in the Stomach Be Urgently Removed? Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2016 Mar;19(1):20-8. doi: 10.5223/pghn.2016.19.1.20.
[4]. Yalçin S, Karnak I, Ciftci AO, Senocak ME, Tanyel FC, Büyükpamukçu N. Foreign body ingestion in children: an analysis of pediatric surgical practice. Pediatr Surg Int. 2007 Aug;23(8):755-61.
[5]. Macgregor D, Ferguson J. Foreign body ingestion in children: an audit of transit time. J Accid Emerg Med. 1998 Nov;15(6):371-3..

Abstract: Magnets are a topic of interest with their numerous applications in dentistry. They have been used most commonly in orthodontics and prosthodontics. Their main use in orthodontics has been for tooth movement, maxillary expansion, in functional appliances and in prosthodontics as a retentive aid in maxillofacial prosthesis and in overdentures. The reason for the popularity of magnets is related to their small size and strong attractive forces; these attributes allow them to be placed within prostheses without being obtrusive in the mouth. The force they deliver can be directed, and they can exert their force through mucosa and bone as well as within the mouth. This article reviews the types of magnets available, designs of magnetic attachments and their reaction with bone and mucosa, their applications, followed by their advantages and disadvantages..

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[2]. Federick DR. A magnetically retained interim maxillary obturator. J Pros Dent 1976;36:671-675.
[3]. Gillings BR. Magnetic retention for complete and partial overdentures, Part I. J Pros Dent 1981:45:484-491.
[4]. Sandler PJ. An attractive solution to unerupted teeth. Am J Orthod and Dentofac Orthoped 1991;100:489-493.
[5]. Blechman AM. Magnetic forces systems in orthodontics. Am J Orthod 1985;87:201-210.
[6]. Springate SD. Micromagnetic retainers—An attractive solu-tion to fixed retention. British Orthod 1991;18:139-141.

Abstract: The various mucogingival problems are inadequate width of attached gingiva, abnormal frenal attachment, gingival recession, and decreased vestibular depth, pockets extending uptomucogingival junction, gingival excess (pseudopocket), inconsistent gingival margin, excessive gingival display and abnormal colour of gingiva. The shallow vestibule was one of the mucogingival problems cited by Friedman in the late 1950s that required apicocoronal dimension of gingiva. Vestibuloplasty is defined as the surgical modification of the gingiva-mucous membrane relationships including deepening of the vestibular trough, altering the position of the frenulum or muscle attachments, and widening of the zone of attached gingiva. In this case report vestibular extension was carried out by soft tissue diode laser.

Key words:Vestibuloplasty, Vestibular depth, Shallow Vestibule, Diode Laser, Mucogingival Problem

[1]. Wade B A. Vestibular deepening by the technique of Edlan-Mejchar. J Periodont Res 1969;4:300-13.
[2]. American Academy of Periodontology. Glossary of periodontal terms. 4th ed. Chicago: American Academy of Periodontology. 2001;55-56.
[3]. Melo LG, Almeida AL, Lopes JF, Rezende ML, Neto JS, Ciporkin F, et al. A modified approach for vestibuloplasty in severely resorbed mandible using an implant-retained postoperative stent: A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod. 2008;106:e7-e14.
[4]. Kalakonda B, Farista S, Koppolu P, et al. Evaluation of Patient Perceptions After Vestibuloplasty Procedure: A Comparison of Diode Laser and Scalpel Techniques. J ClinDiagn Res. 2016;10(5):96–100.
[5]. Devaki VN, Balu K, Ramesh SB, Arvind RJ, Venkatesan. Pre-prosthetic surgery: Mandible. Journal of Pharmacy &Bioallied Sciences, 2012; 4(Suppl 2):S414-S416.

Abstract: AIM: Dry eye disease is an ocular surface disorder which produces discomfort and reduced vision due to tear film instability. To evaluate the proportion of dry eye before and after manual small incision cataract surgery .To evaluate changes in tear secretion using Schirmer's test 1(ST-1). To evaluate changes in tear film stability using tear film break up time(TBUT). The study was conducted for a period of 18 monththe proportion of dry eye before and after manual small incision cataract surgery. Materials & Methods: The prospective study was conducted in 110 eyes of 110 patients. Those included were selected from the patients diagnosed as having unilateral or bilateral age related uncomplicated.........

Keywords: Dry Eye Disease, Schirmer's test-1, Tear film break up time,Small Incision Cataract Surgery,Tear Film.

[1]. Srinivasan R, Agarwal V, Suchismitha T, Kavitha. Dry eye after phacoemulsification.AIOC 2008; 116-8.
[2]. Cho YK, Man SK. Dry Eye After Cataract Surgery and Associated Intraoperative Risk Factors Korean J Ophthalmol 2009; 23:65-73.
[3]. Li XM,Hu L, Hu J, Wan W. Investigation of Dry Eye Disease and Analysis of the Pathogenic Factors in Patients after Cataract Surgery. Cornea 2007; 26:16-20.
[4]. Ram J, Sharma A, Pandav SS, Gupta A, Bambery P. Cataract surgery in patients with dry eyes. J. Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24:1119-24.
[5]. Ram J, Gupta A, Brar GS, Kaushik S, Gupta A. Outcomes of phacoemulsificationin patients with dry eye J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002; 28:1386-9...

Abstract: Introduction:Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common disease encountered in the present health scenario. Hyperglycemia and free radicals cause oxidative damage leading to microvascular complications . Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with an elevated level of oxidative stress, increased susceptibility to coronary heart disease, and reductions in PON1 (Paraoxonase) concentration and activity. In humans, light drinking upregulates, whereas heavy drinking downregulates PON activity and its expression, irrespective of its genetic polymorphism.........

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Alcoholism, serum paraoxonase activity(PON 1).

[1]. Agarwal DP. Cardioprotective effects of light-moderate consumption of alcohol: a review of putative mechanisms. Alcohol. 2002;37:409.
[2]. American Diabetes Association(2007): Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus (Position Statement). DiabetesCare30:S42-S47.
[3]. Boemi M., Leviev I., Sirolla C., PieriC., Marra M. and James RW.(2001):Serum paraoxonase is reduced in type 1 diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic, first degree relatives; influence on the ability of HDL to protect LDL from oxidation. Atherosclerosis155:229–235.
[4]. Deakin S, Leviev I, Guernier S, James RW. Simvastatin modulates expression of the PON1 gene: a role for SREBP2. Arter Thromb Biol. 2003; 23:2083–2089.
[5]. Halliwell,B.and M.Whiteman.(2004). Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture:how should you do it and what do the results mean? British Journal of Pharmacology,142:231-255.

Abstract: In this article physical activity, screen time, and academic work are studied as mediator among school children in India. Participants were 208 school children aged 13 – 16 years from Pondicherry, India. They were sampled from private schools. physical activity and screen time, spending more time on academic work. screen time was negatively related to sleep duration, academic work was gaining weight .Time spent by them on academics, skill development activities and leisure are worthwhile. With the increase in the prevalence of obesity among the adolescents Physical activity was significant mediator. In India, academic work is a strong predictor of a lower sleep duration among children and adolescents

[1]. 1.Kelishadi R. Childhood overweight, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries. Epide- miol Rev 2007;29:62-76.
[2]. Mohammadpour-Ahranjani B, Rashidi A, Karandish M, Eshraghian MR, Kalantari N. Prevalence of over- weight and obesity in adolescent Tehrani students, 2000–2001: an epidemic health problem. Public Health Nutr 2004;7:645-8.
[3]. Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Wil- liamson DF, Byers T. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med 1993;22:167-77.
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[5]. Barbiero SM, Pellanda LC, Cesa CC, Campagnolo P, Beltrami F, Abrantes CC. Overweight, obesity and other risk factors for IHD in Brazilian schoolchildren. Public Health Nutr 2009;12:710-5...

Abstract: Capsicum annum( pepper) is a ubiquitous spice widely consumed in Nigeria, West Africa and many parts of the world. A few studies have been done in Nigeria on Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum annum [1,2] The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Capsicum annum on gastric acid secretion. 48 male and female albino Wistar rats weighing between 200-300 g were randomly allocated to 6 groups with 8 rats per group. Aqueous extract of Capsicum annum prepared after the method of Alnaqueeb (1996) was administered through a gastric fistula at the fundus. 10%, 20%, 30% of LD 50 and supramaximal doses of 10mg, 20mg, 30mg, 40mg,.....

Keywords: Gastric acid secretion, Capsicum annum, Saturation phenomenon

[1]. Ibu , J.O., Irozuru, M.N., Dakar, D.D. (1993). Effects of Capsicum annum, Capsicum frutescens and Tamarindus indica (African peppers) on gastric acid secretion. Nig Med J. Vol 24(suppl): 9-12.

[2]. Nndunno Akwaras., Julie Ibu., Christian Onahinon., Eru Emmanuel., Adugba Augustine., Saalu Linus., John Ibu(2018).Capsicum Frutescens Exhibits Tachyphylaxis In Gastric Acid Secretion (International Journal of Innovative Research and Development 7 (4):148-157
[3]. Prout, W. (1824). 'On the nature of acid and saline matters usually existing in stomach of animals', Phil Trans,14: 45-49

[4]. Sung, J., Kim, N. and Kim J. (2016). 'Comparison of gastric microbiota between gastric juice and mucosa by next generation sequencing method', Journal of Cancer Prevention, 21(1):60-65
[5]. Nmaju, A.U., Joshua, I.E., Okon, U.E., Nwankwo, A.A. and Osim, E.E.(2017). 'Long-term consumption of Capsicum annum (chilli pepper) and capsaicin diets impairs visuo-spatial learning and memory in CD-1 mice', Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 24(7):1-12

Abstract: Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a rare odontogenic tumor that accounts for 1.5 % –2.0 % 1 of all odontogenic tumors. Ameloblastoma malignant versions are extremely rare and may result from de novo or conversion of a long-standing mainly benign lesion that has undergone several surgical excisions2. Two-thirds of these cancers come from the mandible, while one-third come from the maxilla3. The most prevalent symptom is a painful swelling that is progressing rapidly4. It can also occur as a clinically benign cystic lesion or as a big tissue mass with ulceration, important is extensive bone resorption, and mobility of the tooth5. More than 3,600 instances of ameloblastomas were described in the literature6, but less than 60 cases of ameloblastic carcinoma were recorded, including..........

[1]. Fonseca FP, de Almeida OP, Vargas PA, Gonçalves FJ, Corrêa Pontes FS, Rebelo Pontes HA. Ameloblastic carcinoma (secondary type) with extensive squamous differentiation areas and dedifferentiated regions. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2012;3:70-4
[2]. Kramer IR, Pindborg JJ, Shear M. The WHO histological typing of odontogenic tumours: a commentary on the second edition. Cancer. 1992;70(12):2988–2994.
[3]. Lolachi CM, Madan SK, Jacobs JR. Ameloblastic carcinoma of the maxilla. J Laryngol Otol. 1995;109(10):1019–1022. doi: 10.1017/S0022215100131925.
[4]. Ozlugedik S, Ozcan M, Basturk O, Deren O, Kaptanoglu E, Adanali G, et al. Ameloblastic carcinoma arising from anterior skull base. Skull base. 2005;15(4):269–272.
[5]. Avon SL, McComb J, Clokie C. Ameloblastic carcinoma: case report and literature review. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003;69(9):573–576..

Abstract: Introduction: This study investigated the effect of resin cement shades & thickness of zirconia reinforced lithium disilicate ceramics (Vita Suprinity) on the optical properties using dark background compared to lithium disilicate glass ceramics Method: The ceramic blocks used were Vita Suprinity (VS) shade A2 and translucent (T), and IPS e.max CAD (e.max) block A2 shade with Low translucency (LT). A slow-speed diamond saw was used to create fifty six (n=56) ceramics rectangular plates, twenty eight zirconia reinforced glass ceramic plates (group 1) and twenty eight lithium disilicate glass ceramic plates (group 2), with dimensions(14 x 12 mm). The plates were divided into two subgroups of two different.......

Keywords: Ceramic types, ceramic thickness, Cement shades color change and background

[1]. Al Ben Ali A, Kang K, Finkelman MD, Zandparsa R, Hirayama H. The effect of variations in translucency and background on color differences in CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass ceramics. J Prosthodont. 2014;23(3):213–20.
[2]. Toman M, Toksavul S. Clinical evaluation of 121 lithium disilicate all-ceramic crowns up to 9 years. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(3):189–97.
[3]. Suputtamongkol K, Tulapornchai C, Mamani J, Kamchatphai W, Thongpun N. Effect of the shades of background substructures on the overall color of zirconia-based all-ceramic crowns. J Adv Prosthodont. 2013;5:319–25.
[4]. Xing W, Chen X, Ren D, Zhan K, Wang Y. The effect of ceramic thickness and resin cement shades on the color matching of ceramic veneers in discolored teeth. Odontology. 2017;105(4):460–6.
[5]. Rinke S, Pabel AK, Rödiger M, Ziebolz D. Chairside fabrication of an all-ceramic partial crown using a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic. Case Rep Dent. 2016;2016..