iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-10 ~ Oct. 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Patients with trophic ulcers frequently attend outpatient departments to get treated. Management of patients with trophic ulcers & their consequences are difficult not only because it is a recurrent and recalcitrant problem but also because the pathogenesis of the ulcer may be different in each patient. Aim of the study: This study aims at studying and comparing the efficacy of antibiotic impregnated {mupirocin 2%w/w, metronidazole1%w/w} collagen granules dressing versus platelet rich fibrin dressing (PRF) in the treatment of trophic ulcers with qualitative analysis of the results done in terms of: Healthy granulation tissue and rate of wound closure.....

Key words: collagen granules, platelet rich fibrin (PRF), Trophic ulcers, ulcer dressings

[1]. Puri, V., Venkateshwaran, N., & Khare, N. (2012). Trophic ulcers-Practical management guidelines. Indian journal of plastic surgery : official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India, 45(2), 340–351. doi:10.4103/0970-0358.101317.
[2]. Shimikore S S, Pawar GB. A randomized controlled trial to compare efficacy of collagen granule-based dressing versus conventional dressing in the management of diabetic foot ulcers. Arch Med Health Sci 2018;6:28-31
[3]. Chalimidi, Karunakar Reddy et al. "Efficacy of Collagen Particles in Chronic Non Healing Ulcers." Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR vol. 9,6 (2015): PC01-3. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/11782.6001.
[4]. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2019 Mar, Vol-13(3): WD01-WD03. Gatha M Upadya and Srinidhi Govindarajan, Novel Treatment for Hard-to-Heal Chronic Plantar Ulcers in Hansen's Disease.
[5]. Nagaraju U, Sundar PK, Agarwal P, Raju BP, Kumar M. Autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix in non-healing trophic ulcers in patients with Hansen's disease. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2017;10:3-7.

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoal disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. There are several clinical forms of this disease. The most severe is visceral leishmaniasis, especially in patients with immunodeficiencies. Without early treatmentvisceral leishmaniasis leads to death in 75 - 95% of cases. The clinical picture that immunosuppressed patients can often demonstrate resembles the course of visceral leishmaniasis, which can complicate and delay timely diagnosis and adequate therapeutic measures. This article reviews published data on the problem of leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients. Also, this article reviews a clinical case of visceral leishmaniasis in a six-year-old patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Treatment of the visceral leishmaniasis in this patient with the first-line therapy (with liposomal amphotericin B) resulted recovery, allowing the patient to undergo a successful stem cell transplant.

Key words: visceral leishmaniasis, immunocompromised patients, amphotericin B, children.

[1]. Epidemiologic Correlates of Mortality among Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis Cases: Findings from Situation Assessment in High Endemic Foci in India [Electronic resource] / A. Das [et al.] // PLOS Negl. Trop. Dis. – 2016. – Vol. 10, № 11. – Mode of access: https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005150. – Date of access: 10.06.2021.
[2]. John, D. T. Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology / D. T. John, W. A. Petri. – 9th ed. – Missouri : Saunders/Elsevier Inc., 2006. – P. 127–139.
[3]. Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control? / F. Chappuis [et al.] // Nat. Rev. Microbiol. – 2007. – Vol. 5, № 11. – P. 873–882.
[4]. Molecular and serological markers of Leishmaniadonovani infection in healthy individuals from endemic areas of Bihar, India / P. Srivastava [et al.] // Trop. Med. Int. Health. – 2013. – Vol. 18, № 5. – P. 548–554.
[5]. Leishmaniasis [Electronic resource] // World Health Organization. – Mode of access: https://www.who.int/gho/neglected_diseases/leishmaniasis/en/. – Date of access: 01.01.2021.

Abstract: Aim: To predict preoperatively the difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a scoring system-Rhandhawa and Pujahari. Methods : From November 2018 to October 2020, a prospective study of the cases admitted to Department of General Surgery in GMK Medical College & Hospital Salem, planned for laparoscopic cholecystectomies were recruited. Preoperatively a score was given according to Rhandhawa and Pujahari scoring system. That includes history, clinical and sonological findings. Intraoperative score was given based on time taken for surgery, bile/stone spillage, injury cystic duct/ cystic artery and conversion to open cholecystectomy. Results: The mean age of the.....

Key words: laparoscopic cholecystectomy, scoring system, prospective study

[1]. Soper NJ, Stockmann PT, Dunnegan DL, Ashley SW. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the new gold standard? Arch Surg. 1992;127:917-21.
[2]. Alponat A, Kum CK, Koh BC, Rajnakova A, Goh PM. Predictive factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Surg. 1997;21:629-33.
[3]. Sanabria JR, Gallinger S, Croxford R, Strasberg SM. Risk factors in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for conversion to open cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 1994;179:696-704.
[4]. Randhawa JS, Pujahari AK. Preoperative prediction of difficult lap chole: a scoring method. Ind J Surg. 2009;71:198-201.
[5]. Simopoulos C, Botaitis S, Polychronidis A, Tripsianis G, Karayiannakis AJ. Risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2005;19:905-9..

Abstract: Introduction: Cusp of Carebelli is an extra tubercle on mesiopalatal surface of permanent maxillary first molar tooth. Etiology of the same is unknown, can be regarded as the combination of genetic and exogenous factors which are responsible for its development. As one of the etiologies is genetic, it is found to be an inherited characteristic. The distribution of Carebelli's trait is highly variable among individuals at different places. Aim: The aim of this study conducted is to determine the presence, occurrence, morphology of the cusp of carebelli, its clinical significance and to check and compare prevalence between males and females. Materials & Methods: The descriptive.......

Key Words: Cusp of carebelli, human dentition, morphologic variation, North Ratnagiri district

[1]. R Bhavyaa et al. Prevalence of Cusp of Carabelli and Its Caries Susceptibility –An Ambidirectional Cohort Study. Australian dental journal Volume 65, Issue 4 December 2020 Pages 294-301.
[2]. Salah Al Shethri. The prevalence of the Carabelli cusp in selected Saudi population. King Saud University Journal of Dental Sciences Volume 2, Issues 1–2, July 2011, Pages 13-16.
[3]. Dr. R Mahmood Talabani et al. Prevalence of Cusp of Carabelli in Permanent Teeth in a Group of Dental Student of School of Dentistry at University of Sulaimani. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 9 Ver. III (Sep. 2015), PP 115-116.
[4]. S Sadatullah et al. The Prevalence of Fifth Cusp (Cusp of Carabelli) in the Upper Molars in Saudi Arabian School Students. Int. J. Morphol., 30(2):757-760, 2012.
[5]. P Puri et al. Studies on Prevalence of Accessory Tooth Cusps in Some Ethnic Populations of Northern India and their Forensic Relevance. January 2019 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 13(1):181.

Abstract: PAS is a group of disorders, previously known as Morbidly Adherent Placenta, which involves pathological invasion of the placental trophoblasts into the uterine wall [1]. This includes Placenta Accreta, Placenta Increta, and Placenta Percreta, depending on the depth of the invasion of the trophoblasts [2]. With a pooled incidence of about 1 in 533 deliveries [3], it is one of the commonest and most morbid conditions in modern obstetrics. Here we present two similar cases encountered in our setup, summarizing our experience, and outlining our management by preserving the uterus while excising the part of the uterine wall most adherent to the placenta, an approach which can prevent emergent peripartum hysterectomies in young women, which is suitable for low resource settings.

Keywords: Case Report, Placenta Accreta Spectrum, Obstetrics.

[1]. Placenta accreta spectrum. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 7. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ObstetGynecol 2018;132: e259–75.
[2]. Luke RK, Sharpe JW, Greene RR. Placenta accreta: The adherent or invasive placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1966; 95:660–668.
[3]. Wu S, Kocherginsky M, Hibbard JU. Abnormal placentation: twenty-year analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 May;192(5):1458-61.
[4]. Hung TH, Shau WY, Hseih CC, Chiu TH, Hsu JJ, Hseih CC. Risk factors for placenta accreta. ObstetGynecol 1999; 93:545-50.
[5]. Wu S, Kocherginsky M, Hibbard JU. Abnormal placentation: twenty-year analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 May;192(5):1458-61.

Abstract: Background : COVID 19 is a viral infection causing Multi-organ inflammatory disease predominantly affecting lungs. It has lead to huge mortality all over the world and huge morbidity among patients causing respiratory failure leading to O2 dependency and long term O2 therapy . Till date in world 21.9 crore people are affected by this deadly virus & about 45.5 lakhs people have died & In India upto 3.39 crore people are affected ; with about 4.5 lakhs people who have succumbed to this disease.This study aims to find the effectiveness of COVID 19 severity index in predicting the prognosis & mortality in hospitalised patients of COVID -19....

Keywords: COVID -19 ; Prognosis : Mortality ; Severity index

[1]. Patrick Bradley 1 Freddy Frost ,2, Kukatharmini Tharmaratnam 3 ,Daniel G Wootton4 ; BMJ Open Resp Res 2020;7:e000729
[2]. Marcello Covino MD,Giuseppe De Matteis MD,Maria Livia Burzo MD,Andrea Russo MD,Evelina Forte MD,Annamaria Carnicelli MD,Andrea Piccioni MD,Benedetta Simeoni MD,Antonio Gasbarrini MD, PhD,Francesco Franceschi MD, PhD,Claudio Sandroni MD ;JAGS 69:37-43, 2021
[3]. Marta María García Clemente,Julia Herrero Huertas,Alejandro Fernández Fernández,Ana Isabel Enríquez Rodríguez,Liliana Pérez Martínez,Santiago Gómez Mañas,Marta Iscar Urrutia,Francisco Julián López González,Claudia Janeth Madrid Carbajal,Pedro Bedate Díaz,Miguel Arias Guillén,Cristina Bailón Cuadrado,Tamara Hermida Valverde,Int. J. Clin. Pract.. 2020;00:e13705.
[4]. Guohui Fan, Chao Tu, Fei Zhou, Zhibo Liu, Yeming Wang, Bin Song, Xiaoying Gu, Yimin Wang, Yuan Wei, Hui Li, Xudong Wu, Jiuyang Xu, Shengjin Tu, Yi Zhang, Wenjuan Wu, Bin Cao European Respiratory Journal 2020 56: 2002113
[5]. I. Huespe,a,b I. Carboni Bisso,a S. Di Stefano,a S. Terrasa,a N.A. Gemelli,a,⁎ and M. Las Herasa ; j.medin.2020.12.001

Abstract: AIM: To determine the immediate changes of diurnal variation in intraocular pressure (IOP) after Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in primary angle closure glaucoma patients. METHODOLOGY: Prospective study conducted on 128 eyes of 64 patients of whom PI was done. IOP was measured every 3 hourly for 24 hours and diurnal variation was noted. Angle of anterior chamber measured by Shaffer's method using gonioscope pre-PI . Anterior segment OCT and slit lamp examination done after 24 hours of PI to check the patency of PI. RESULTS: Average IOP immediately.......

KEYWORDS:PI (Peripheral iridotomy), PACG( Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma), OCT ( Optical Cohrence Tomograpy), IOP(Intra Ocular Pressure)

[1]. AAO PPP Glaucoma Panel, Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care. Primary angle closure PPP, 2010. Available at: http://one.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/primary-angle closure-ppp–october-2010. Accessed January 28 2014 18
[2]. Snow JT. Value of prophylactic peripheral iridectomy on thesecond eye in angle-closure glaucoma. Trans OphthalmolSocUK. 1977;97:189–91
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[5]. Sihota R, Saxena R, Gogoi M, Sood A, Gulati V, Pandey RM. Acomparison of the circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure inprimary chronic angle closure glaucoma, primary open angleglaucoma and normal eyes. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2005;53:243–7

Abstract: BACKGROUND Emergence of SARS COV 2 pandemic from china since December 2019 has endangered all human lives. COVID 19 is an acute respiratory disease that can lead to respiratory failure and death. COVID 19 patients with diabetes, COPD, CAD, hypertension, and other comorbidities develop a life threatening situation. The main objective of this study is to describe clinical characteristics and final outcomes for patients with COVID 19 infection and comorbid illness......

Keywords: covid 19,comorbidities , outcomes

[1]. Lohia, P., Sreeram, K., Nguyen, P., Choudhary, A., Khicher, S., Yarandi, H., Kapur, S. and Badr, M., 2021. Preexisting respiratory diseases and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a multihospital cohort study on predominantly African American population. Respiratory Research, 22(1).
[2]. Ye, C., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Cai, H., Gu, J., & Lian, J. et al. (2020). Impact of comorbidities on patients with COVID‐19: A large retrospective study in Zhejiang, China. Journal Of Medical Virology, 92(11), 2821-2829. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26183.
[3]. Alkhathami, M., Advani, S., Abalkhail, A., Alkhathami, F., Alshehri, M., Albeashy, E., & Alsalamah, J. (2021). Prevalence and mortality of lung comorbidities among patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lung India, 38(7), 31. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_497_20.
[4]. Ejaz, H., Alsrhani, A., Zafar, A., Javed, H., Junaid, K., & Abdalla, A. et al. (2020). COVID-19 and comorbidities: Deleterious impact on infected patients. Journal Of Infection And Public Health, 13(12), 1833-1839. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.014.
[5]. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected. Interim guidance. Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna. 2020;16(1).

Abstract: Background: People successfully completing treatment for tuberculosis are at elevated risk for recurrent disease, due to relapse or reinfection. Identifying the risk factors for recurrent tuberculosis may help target post tuberculosis screening and care. The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for recurrent episodes of tuberculosis. Materials and Method: All the patients with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis who are fulfilling the inclusion criteria are taken into the study. After written informed consent was obtained, a well designed questionnaire was used to collect the data of the recruited patient retrospectively......

Key Words: Recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis, gender, age group, diabetes mellitus

[1]. Velayutham, Banurekha & Chadha, Vineet & Singla, Neeta & Narang, Pratibha & Rao, Vikas & Nair, Sanjeev & Ramalingam, Srinivasan & Sivaramakrishnan, Gomathi & Joseph, Bency & Selvaraju, Sriram & Shanmugam, Shivakumar & Narang, Rahul & Pachikkaran, Praseeja & Bhat, Jyothi & Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan & Bhalla, Bhoomika & Shivashankara, Bhadravathi & Sebastian, George & Yadav, Rajiv & Natrajan, Mohan. (2018). Recurrence of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed sputum positivepulmonary tuberculosis patients treated under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, India: A multi-centric prospective study. PLOS ONE. 13. e0200150. 10.1371/journal.pone.0200150.
[2]. Pascopella L, DeRiemer K, Watt JP, Flood JM (2011) When Tuberculosis Comes Back: Who Develops Recurrent Tuberculosis in California? PLoS ONE 6(11): e26541. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026541.
[3]. Chen W, Shu W, Wang M, Hou Y, Xia Y, Xu W, et al. (2013) Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence and Risk Factors in Rural Areas of China: A Cohort Study. PLoS ONE 8(3): e58171. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058171
[4]. Yen Y-F, Yen M-Y, Lin Y-S, Lin Y-P, Shih H-C, Li L-H, et al. Smoking increases risk of recurrence after successful anti-tuberculosis treatment: a populationbased study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18(4):492–8.

Abstract: A 38 year old male client presenting at outdoor patient department as symptoms of difficulty in breathing, uneven running heart beats, heaviness in head, trembling of body, fear that something will happen to him and he will die suddenly. With the scenario of COVID-19 pandemic, this case reports evaluates the psychiatric differential diagnosis of these symptoms. Illness anxiety disorder(IAD) being 4 to 6 % in general population, is a psychiatric illness in which a person is preoccupied of being seriously ill. IAD needs to be ruled out if clinical examination and investigations are normal. This will not only reduce the cost of treatment but also will be an in time psychiatric management of symptoms......

Key-words: Illness anxiety disorder, COVID-19, Hypochondriasis

[1]. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses#:~:text=symptoms
[2]. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
[3]. Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B. and Xu, Y. (2020) A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry;33:e100213. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
[4]. Samantha K Brooks, Rebecca K Webster, Louise E Smith, Lisa Woodland, Simon Wessely, Neil Greenberg, Gideon James Rubin. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395: 912–20
[5]. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2016 Jun. Table 3.32, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Illness Anxiety Disorder Comparison. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t32/

Abstract: Background: Fluid within the lesser sac should direct a search for pathology in neighboring organs or for peritoneal malignancy. This case reports a 63-year male presenting with complaints of abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting especially after taking meals and early satiety for 6 days with a mass palpable per abdomen in left hypochondrium. His blood WBC counts were moderately elevated, and amylase was borderline. He was worked up with UGIscopy, CECT and Colonoscopy.

Key-words: Lesser sac abscess, transverse colon perforation, transverse colon diverticulitis, Pancreas pseudocyst mimic

[1]. Gore RM, Callen PW, Filly RA. Lesser sac fluid in predicting the etiology of ascites: CT findings. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1982 Jul 1;139(1):71-4.
[2]. Dodds WJ, Foley WD, Lawson TL, Stewart ET, Taylor A. Anatomy and imaging of the lesser peritoneal sac. American journal of roentgenology. 1985 Mar 1;144(3):567-75.
[3]. Imuta M, Awai K, Nakayama Y, Murata Y, Asao C, Matsukawa T, Yamashita Y. Multidetector CT findings suggesting a perforation site in the gastrointestinal tract: analysis in surgically confirmed 155 patients. Radiation medicine. 2007 Apr;25(3):113-8.
[4]. Hainaux B, Agneessens E, Bertinotti R, De Maertelaer V, Rubesova E, Capelluto E, Moschopoulos C. Accuracy of MDCT in predicting site of gastrointestinal tract perforation. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2006 Nov;187(5):1179-83.

Abstract: Background: Caesarean section is the delivery of a baby, alive or dead, through an abdominal uterine incision after the period of viability. Caesarean deliveries are known to be associated with fetal risks [prematurity, low APGAR (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration) score, stillbirth and early neonatal death. Caesarean deliveries may be emergency or elective based on their indications. This study was conducted to compare the fetal outcome between them and find the risk factors that lead to adverse perinatal outcome. Materials and method: A prospective observational comparative study on fetal outcome between emergency (RCOG category 1 & 2) and elective (RCOG category.....

Key-words: Fetal outcome, Emergency caesarean section, Elective caesarean section, Perinatal outcome

[1]. Misra R. Ian Donald's Practical Obstetric Problem, 7/e. BI Publications Pvt Ltd; 2014.
[2]. Mengesha MB, Adhanu HH, Weldegeorges DA, Assefa NE, Werid WM, Weldemariam MG, Welay FT, Hidru HD, Gebru TT. Maternal and fetal outcomes of cesarean delivery and factors associated with its unfavorable management outcomes; in Ayder Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2017. BMC research notes. 2019 Dec;12(1):1-6.
[3]. Sebastian G, Ghose S, Soundararajan P. Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcome in elective lower segment cesarean section done at 38 and 39 weeks. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol. 2017;6(4):1605.
[4]. Tita ATN, Landon MB, Spong CY, Lai Y, Leveno KJ, Varner MW, et al. Timing of elective repeat cesarean delivery at term and neonatal outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(2):111–20.
[5]. Soren R, Maitra N, Patel PK, Sheth T. Elective Versus Emergency Caesarean Section: Maternal Complications and Neonatal Outcomes. J Nurs Heal Sci. 2016;5(5):1–4.

Abstract: Lissencephaly or agyria is a rare disorder that is characterized by the absence of cerebral convolutions and a poorly form Sylvian fissure giving the appearance of a 3-4 months fetal brain. The condition is probably a result of faulty neuroblast migration during early embryonic life. There is a four-layered cortex, rather than the usual six and a thin rim of periventricular white matter by microscopic examination. Here we report a case who is 8 months old female baby presented with repeated convulsion, microcephaly failure to thrive and ocular abnormalities. CT scan of the brain showed typical agyria.

Key-words: Lissencephaly, Agyria; Neuronal migration; Intractable seizures

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