iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2021

Abstract: Nuclear medicine (NM) is the branch of medical science in which trace quantities of radionuclide's are introduced into the human body. These small amounts of radioactive materials are called radiotracers. Radiotracers are introduced in human body directly into bloodstream through injections, inhalation, or swallowed. These radiotracers then travel to the part of body, which is to be examined. These radiotracers will release energy in the form of Gamma Rays, and these rays are detectable through special cameras and the images are collected and scrutinized with software, and this will provide the information inside of the body (1). This technique, using radiotracers provides diagnostic information in a diverse range of diseases and, therapeutic procedures in some.......

[1]. William D. Leslie IDG. Nuclear Medicine. 1st ed. Texas: Landes Bioscience; 2003. 1–385 p.
[2]. Di Santo R, Romanò S, Mazzini A, Jovanović S, Nocca G, Campi G, et al. Recent Advances in the Label-Free Characterization of Exosomes for Cancer Liquid Biopsy: From Scattering and Spectroscopy to Nanoindentation and Nanodevices. Nanomater (Basel, Switzerland) [Internet]. 2021 Jun 2;11(6):1476. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34199576
[3]. Brownell AL, Nikkinen P, Liewendahl K. The development of nuclear medicine imaging. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1990;201:119–25.
[4]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Radiation Hazard Scale [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 May 6]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/radiationhazardscale.htm
[5]. Moore RMJ, Kaczmarek RG. Occupational hazards to health care workers: diverse, ill-defined, and not fully appreciated. Am J Infect Control. 1990 Oct;18(5):316–27.

Abstract: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) i.e. rupture of membranes before 37 weeks of gestation occurs in 3% of pregnancies and is responsible for 1/3rd of preterm births.1 It can lead to significant perinatal morbidity and is associated with 18-20% of perinatal deaths. Perinatal morbidity results due to infection, cord compression, placental abruption and prematurity. It is also associated with maternal morbidity due .to chorioamnionitis (37%), postpartum endometritis (11%) and sepsis (1%). The majority of pregnancies with PPROM (56%) deliver within one week of membrane rupture. In a randomized trial of PPROM at 24-32 weeks, group B streptococcall......

[1]. Medina TM, Hill A. Preterm premature rupture of membrane diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician 2006, 73 (4) 659-664.
[2]. caughey AB, Robinson JN, Norwitz E.R.et al Contemparary diagnosis and management of preterm premature rupture of membrane. Rev Obstet Gynacol 2008: 1 (1); 11-22.
[3]. Waters TP, Mercer BM. The management of preterm premature rupture of membrane near the limit of fetal viability. AMJ Obstet Gynacoll 2009; 201(3):230-40.
[4]. ACOG Guidelines on Premature Rupture of Membranes. Am Fam Physician 2008;77(2):245-246.
[5]. Royal Hospital for Women. Clinical policies, procedures and guidelines. Approved by Quality and Patient Safety Committee 18-2-2010.

Abstract: Objective: this work aims to define the role of surgery in the management of spinal metastasis Patients and methods: This study of 25 patients having symptomatic vertebral metastasis who were operated on between 2017 and 2021 at the specialised neurosurgical hospital in Cherchell. We included all patients who presented with the score of Tokuhashi below 8. Results: Our study consists of 10 women and 15men with the mean age of 45 years. Backpain was particularly present in all our cases (100%), while motor....

Keywords: Vertebral metastasis, surgery, osteosythesis, spinal instability, radiosurgery

[1]. Paholpak P, Sirichativapee W, Wisanuyotin T, Kosuwon W, Jeeravipoolvarn P.Prevalence of known and unknown primary tumor sites in spinal metastasis patients. Open Orthop J 2012;6:440–4.
[2]. Lee CS, Jung CH. Metastatic spinal tumor. Asian Spine J 2012;6:71–87.
[3]. Rose PS, Buchowski JM. Metastatic disease in the thoracic and lumbar spine: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011;19:37–48.
[4]. Yang S, Cho W, Chang U. Analysis of prognostic factors relating to postoperative survival in spinal metastases. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2012;51:127–34.
[5]. Fisher CG, DiPaola CP, Ryken TC, et al. A novel classification system for spinal instability in neoplastic disease: an evidence-based approach and expert consensus from the Spine Oncology Study Group. Spine 2010;35:E1221–9..

Abstract: Schizophrenia is a very severe and disabling mental illness with an average prevalence of about 0.5 to 1.0 percent of the population in the world, and it contributes considerably to the burden of this disease.1,2 There is a 2 to 3 fold increase in mortality risk as compared to the general population in patients with schizophrenia3. The annual incidence rate in India is 3.8-4.4 per ten thousand people.4 Schizophrenia is a disorder with multiple and complex etiology, and includes patients with varied clinical presentation, response to treatment and course of illness. Signs and symptoms can include changes in thought process, perception, cognition, behavior and affect.......

[1]. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997; 349: 1436-1442.
[2]. Rossler W, Salize HJ, van OJ, Riecher-Rossler A. Size of burden of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. European Neuropsycho pharmacology. 2005; 15: 399-409.
[3]. Saha S, Chant D, McGrath J. A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: is the differential mortality gap worsening over time? Archives of General Psychiatry. 2007; 64: 1123-1131.
[4]. Wig NN, Varma VK, Mattoo SK, et al. An incidence study of schizophrenia in India. Indian J Psychiatry. 1993; 35(1): 11-7.
[5]. Demjaha A. Biological and Clinical determ of trs: King's College London: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College University of London: January 2014..

Abstract: Dermoid cysts can be found anywhere in the body, particularly in areas where embryonic elements fuse together Dermoid cysts are malformations that are rarely seen in the oral cavity. An intraoral dermoid cyst grows slowly, but may enlarge and interfere with deglutition and speech, or can pose a critical risk to the airway and therefore require immediate surgical intervention. Here we present a rare case of epidemoid cyst occurring in the oral cavity and the associated surgical management of the same

[1]. Rajendran R, Sivapathasundaram B; Shafers Textbook of Oral Pathology, 7th edition , India: Elsevier;2012.
[2]. Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Oral and maxillofacial pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002.
[3]. Meyer I. Dermoid cysts (dermoids) of the floor of the mouth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1955;27:1149–64.
[4]. Pryor SG, Lewis JE, Weaver A, Orvidas LJ. Pediatric dermoid cysts of the head and neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132:938–42.
[5]. Longo F, Maremonti P, Mangone GM, De Maria G, Califano L. Midline (dermoid) cysts of the floor of the mouth: Report of 16 cases and review of surgical techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112:1560–5.

Abstract: Orbital cellulitis represents a major ophthalmological emergency. Malignant staphylococcal infection of the face is a rare cause of orbital cellulitis. It is the consequence of the infectious process extension to the orbital tissues with serious loco-regional and general complications. We report a case of a young diabetic child, presenting an inflammatory exophthalmos of the left eye with purulent secretions with a history of manipulation of a facial boil followed by swelling of the left side of face, occurring in a febrile context. The ophthalmological examination showed preseptal and orbital cellulitis complicating malignant staphylococcal infection of the face. Orbito-cerebral CT scan showed a left orbital abscess with exophthalmos and left facial cellulitis. An urgent hospitalization and parenteral antibiotherapy was immediately started. Clinical improvement under treatment was noted without functional recovery. We emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and urgent treatment of orbital cellulitis before the stage of irreversible complications..

Keywords: orbital cellulitis, malignant staphylococcal infection of the face, management, blindness

[1]. Tognetti L, Martinelli C, Berti S, Hercogova J, Lotti T, Leoncini F, et al. Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections: review of the epidemiology, microbiology, aetiopathogenesis and treatment. J EurAcadDermatolVenereol. 2012 ; 3:1-11
[2]. Brière M, Boutoille D, Caillon J, Potel G, Batard E. Infections à staphylocoques : aspects physiopathologiques, bactériologiques et cliniques. EMC - Maladies infectieuses2014 ; 11(4) :1-9
[3]. Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology. Bacterial, Mycobacterial, and protozoal infections of the Skin. In Fifth Edition : Elsevier Ed. 2016 : 334- 359.
[4]. Caby F, Bismuth R, Bossi P. Infections à staphylocoques. EMC (Elsevier Masson SAS Paris), Traité de médecine Akos 2010
[5]. Wane AM, Ba EA, Ndoye-Roth PA, Kameni A, et al. Une expérience sénégalaise des cellulites orbitaires. J Fr. Ophtalmol. 2005; 28 : 1089-94...

Abstract: Objectives: One- Stage crestal ridge splitting (CRS) was evaluated concerning implant stability measurements and marginal bone level. Subjects and methods: 10 implants were inserted into ten patients with the atrophic alveolar ridge in the anterior maxillary arch. The crestal ridge splitting technique was performed with piezoelectric surgery followed by simultaneous implant placement. Records of Implant stability quotient (ISQ) were obtained immediately after implant insertion, 4, and after 6 months. Moreover, and marginal bone levels were evaluated via postoperative Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Results: Clinically, the crestal ridge splitting....

Keywords: piezoelectric surgery, segmental ridge Splitting, Implant Stability

[1]. Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Suppl. 1977;16:1–132.
[2]. Marx RE, Carlson ER, Eichstaedt RM, Schimmele SR, Strauss JE, Georgeff KR. Platelet-rich plasma: Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998 Jun;85(6):638–46.
[3]. Zijderveld SA, ten Bruggenkate CM, van Den Bergh JPA, Schulten EAJM. Fractures of the iliac crest after split-thickness bone grafting for preprosthetic surgery: report of 3 cases and review of the literature. J oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004 Jul;62(7):781–6.
[4]. Vercellotti T. Piezoelectric surgery in implantology: a case report--a new piezoelectric ridge expansion technique. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2000 Aug;20(4):358–65.
[5]. Coatoam GW, Mariotti A. The Segmental Ridge-Split Procedure. J Periodontol. 2003 May;74(5):757–70..

Abstract: Background: Head-neck cancer refers to cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract, which arise from the epithelial lining of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx.Most common histology in head and neck cancer is squamous cell cancers. With the recent lifestyle changes and addiction to tobacco chewing , smoking , alcohol consumption , these cancers are at a rise worldwide.The curative treatment modalities for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are surgery and radiotherapy, with chemotherapy being used to enhance the effects of radiotherapy.Over the years, many studies have shown that prolongation of overall treatment time (OTT) had detrimental effects on tumor control in head and neck squamous cell cancers.The main aim of this study is to test if accelerated chemoradiotherapy....

Keywords: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, Accelerated fractionation , Altered fractionation , Decreased overall treatment time.

[1]. Cancer Statistics, 2020: Report From National Cancer Registry Programme, India
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[3]. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2007. CA Cancer J Clin.;57(1):43-66.
[4]. Lambert, R., Sauvaget, C., de Camargo Cancela, M., & Sankaranarayanan, R. (2011). Epidemiology of cancer from the oral cavity and oropharynx. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 23(8), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283484795.
[5]. Halperin, E. C., Brady, L. W., Wazer, D. E., & Perez, C. A. (2013). Perez and Brady's principles and practice of radiation oncology (Sixth edition.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Abstract: General Anaesthesia with Endotracheal intubation with the help of muscle relaxant has most popular procedure in the practice of Anaesthesia. The process of laryngoscope and endotracheal intubation is associated with intense sympathetic activity marked by tachycardia and hypertension. Normal healthy person tolerate this response, but it is undesirable in patients with systemic hypertension, coronary artery disease and intra cranial aneurysm and may result in deleterious effects like ventricular failure, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, cerebral haemarrage and rupture of cerebral aneurysm, hence the search for an Ideal agent......

[1]. Stoelting RK. Blood Pressure and heart rate changes during short duration laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation: influence of viscous or intravenous lignocaine, Anaesthesia Analgesia 1978;57:197-9
[2]. Dahlgreen N, Messeter K. Treatment of the stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation with fentanyl, Anaesthesia. 1981;36:1022.
[3]. Ebert JP, Person JD, Gelman S, Harris C, Bradley EL, Circulatory response to laryngoscopy. The comparative effects of Placebo, Fentanyl and Esmolol, Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 1989;36:301-6
[4]. Ralph Getler, Clieghton H Brown, Mitchel H, Silvius N, Dexmedetomidine: a novel sedative analgesic agent. Baylor University Medical Centre Proceedings. 2001;14(1).
[5]. Mowfi HA, Aldossary N, Ismail SA, Alqutiani J, Effect of dexmedetomidine premedication on the intraocular pressure changes after succinylcholine and intubation. Br J Anaesth 2008;100(4);485-9

Abstract: The traditional Siddha medicine is one of the ancient practices that has emerged from South India especially Tamil Nadu. Recent global recognition of this traditional medicine has increased due to the present Corona Virus Disease-2019 pandemic and the need of Immunomodulators to tackle this situation. Siddha medicine research has a focus from 'Bedside to Bench' as there's an enormous source of time tested formulations that have been safely administered in clinical practice with minimal side effects when properly administered as per the indication. Among these formulations, Kaya karpam is considered an "Ambrosial medicine" used by Siddhars which was insisted to be....

Keywords: Kaya karpam, Tinospora cordifolia, Tribulus terrestris, Emblica officinalis, Siddha, Antioxidants

[1]. G. Vinitha, K. Saibudeen "Literature Review on Kaya Karpa medicines from various Siddha literatures" Int J Trans Res Ind Med | Vol-1(2) | 2019 | Pg: 13-21.
[2]. Gangadhar .T, Vonderheide .R., "Mitigating the toxic effects of anticancer immunotherapy" Nat Rev Clin Oncol | Vol-11 | 2014 | Pg: 91–99 | DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.245
[3]. Aniqa Aniqa, Sarvnarinder Kaur& Shilpa Sadwal "A Review of the Anti-Cancer Potential of Murrayakoenigii (Curry Tree) and Its Active Constituents" Nutrition and Cancer | 2021 | Pg: 1-15 | DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1882509
[4]. H. Nalini Sofia, K. Manickavasakam, Thomas M. Walter "Aya Bringaraja Karpam– A Boon for Geriatric Practice" | Researchgaate | 2014 | Pg: 1-10
[5]. Rahini Nivedhidha C. et al., "Evaluation of Anti-Oxidant Property of Siddha Herbal Formulation "Thoothuvelai Karpam''" World Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research | Vol-7 | Issue 17 | 2018 | Pg:808-816 | DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201817-13241

Abstract: Accidental poisoning of workers occurs occasionally in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Some of the chemicals involved in industrial poisoning are unique. One such case of poisoning due to dimethyl sulphate is described. Dimethyl sulphate is preferred by the industry because of its low cost and high reactivity. The respiratory and gastrointestinal systems are its primary targets. The diagnosis and early intervention of this poisoning is of paramount importance. We report two cases of varying degrees of exposure to Dimethyl sulphate accidentally, occurring as a result of a single chemical spillage incident in the Bangalore, India.

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Abstract: AIM: The aim of this prospective randomized comparative study is to compare I-Gelwith Supreme LMA in anesthetized spontaneously breathing patients for elective short surgical procedures up to 1 hour. Methods: The prospective randomized, open study was carried out after approval from the ethics committee . Patients were randomly selected and explained about the study, and written informed consent was taken. A total of 60 patients were selected and randomly divided into a group of 30 each. Group I: I-Gel,Group S: Supreme LMA. Then ease, time and a number of attempts to insert the supraglottic airway device, hemodynamic changes, and any adverse effects were noted......

Keywords: I-gel, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Supreme laryngeal mask airway

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