iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2023

Abstract: Facial trauma can be considered one of the most devastating aggressions due to the possibility of deformities, the emotional consequences and the economic impact of it causes on the health system. Nasal bone fracture is the most common type of facial. Radiographic plain x ray is a common procedure for imaging of suspected cases, CT scans is a valuable tool if the patient has extensive maxillofacial trauma. Acute management of nasal fractures is evaluated within 2 to3 hours, before significant oedema occurs or after 3 to 5 days, to allow oedema to resolve. In general, closed reduction before 14 days in adults, and within 10 days for children. Long standing traumatic nasal deformities require formal septorhinoplasty. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, INCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients of all age groups above 1 year of age with nasal bone fractures EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1) Patients unwilling to give consent, 2) Children under 1 year of age.

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[4]. Beekhuis GJ. Nasal fractures, Otolaryngology, Paparella, Shumrick, Gluckman, Meyerhoff: W.B/ Saunders Company Harcourt Brace Jovanovick, Inc. The Curtis Centre Independence Square West Philadelphia, PA 19106, 3rd edition, Vol. III, 1823-1831, 1991.
[5]. Lang J. Clinical anatomy of the nose, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, a-f: pp: 7, 15, 19.

Abstract: Viral pathogen-induced illnesses frequently affect the oral cavity. Viruses isolated from the oral cavity may act as primary or secondary pathogens, direct causal agents, or adjuncts in the disease process. The mucosal processes and evolutionary stages of viruses vary, and many viruses have comparable clinical manifestations. The investigator must frequently consider the oral lesions in light of the overall clinical picture and rely on laboratory tests to make the correct diagnosis. Oral mucosal diseases have been linked to both DNA and RNA viral families. The laboratory diagnosis of a few common viral diseases of the oral cavity is discussed in this article..

Key Word: Oral Cavity, Viral Infections and Laboratory Diagnosis

[1]. Oral and Maxillofacial Viral Infection Stephen Porter, Gueiros LA C JL Contemporary Oral Medicine. Switzerland: Springer, 985-98, 2019
[2]. Santosh, Arvind Babu Rajendra, and Keerthi Muddana. "Viral infections of oral cavity." Journal of family medicine and primary care vol. 9,1 36-42. 28 Jan. 2020, doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_807_19
[3]. Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in the Clinical Laboratory by LightCycler PCR MARK J. ESPY, JAMES R. UHL, P. SHAWN MITCHELL, JILL N.THORVILSON, KATHLEEN A. SVIEN,ARLO D. WOLD, AND THOMAS F. SMITH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 2000, p. 795–799 Vol. 38, No. 2 0095-1137/00/$04.0010
[4]. Ashley Arney, MT(ASCP)CM, Katie M. Bennett, PhD, MB(ASCP)CM, Molecular Diagnostics of Human Papillomavirus, Laboratory Medicine, Volume 41, Issue 9, September 2010, Pages 523–530, https://doi.org/10.1309/LM75WGJSVMI7VVEF
[5]. Abreu et al.: A review of methods for detect human Papillomavirus infection. Virology Journal 2012 9:262

Abstract:Cancer of the rectum is common worldwide; its treatment relies essentially on the surgery. It is a cumbersome process, burdened with per and postoperative complications. These complications, whose study is the objective of our work, are mainly represented by per and postoperative hemorrhages, trauma of the ureter or digestive organs (hail, colon), postoperative peritonitis and wall infections, and anastomotic complications such as fistulas and stenosis. The operative complications may also be functional: digestive disorders grouped under the "low anterior resection syndrome", urinary disorders dominated by urinary incontinence and disorders of bladder drainage, and sexual disorders manifesting in men by erectile and ejaculatory dysfunctions or even sexual impotence, and in women by dyspareunia and a drop in libido........

[1]. Gonzalez EA, Jastrow KM, Holcomb JB, Kozar RA. Hemostatsis, surgical bleeding, and transfusion [Chapter 4]. In :Brunicardi FC, Andersan DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, et al., editors. Schwartz's principles of surgery. 9th ed. New York : McGraw- Hill; 2010.
[2]. Oumaima-Hily FADLI. Thèse : Complications chirurgicales précoces de la DPC dans le traitement de l'adénocarcinome de la tête du pancréas. Rabat 2017, N° 04
[3]. KarmouniT, Patard JJ, Bensalah K, ManuntaA, Guille F, Lobel B. Prise en charge urologique des traumatismes iatrogènes de l'uretère. Prog Urol2001;11:642-6.
[4]. Guandalino M et al. Prise en charge en charge endoscopique des plaies urétérales de découvertepostopératoire. Etuderétrospectiveunicentrique d'octobre 2003 à juin 2014. Prog Urol (2016).
[5]. Al-Awadi K, Kehinde EO, Al-Hunayan A, Al-Khayat A. Iatrogenic ureteric injuries: incidence, aetiological factors and the effect of early management on subsequent outcome. Int Urol Nephrol 2005;37: 235- 41

Abstract:Background: The aim of this study was to compare operative versus non-operative management of patientswith traumatic liver injury. Methods: From Nov 2022 to Mar 2023, 50 patients were admitted to command hospital, central command, lucknow for liver injuries.All patients were diagnosed using computed tomography (CT). The liver injury was gradedin accordance with the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma liver injury scoring scale. Patients were dividedinto two groups: those who underwent surgery and those treated with non-operative management (NOM). There wasa comparison.......

Key Word: Liver; Abdominal injury; Liver injury; Trauma; Operation

[1]. Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE, Boyd-Kranis R, et al.Non-surgical management of blunt splenic injury: Useof CT criteria to select patients for splenicarteriography and potential endovascular therapy.Radiology 2000;217:75–82.
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Abstract: Background Nasal cavity foreign body is a common ENT emergency especially in children. Diagnosis is often made with anterior Rhinoscopy. Urgent removal is required to avoid complication. Materials and Methods Case notes of 113 children who had nasal foreign bodies removed between January 2018 and December 2022 in ENT Department of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, were retrieved for analysis. Results A total of 113 children were involved in this study, 64(56%) males and 49 (43.4%) female with male:female ratio of 1.2:1.......

Key Word: Foreign body, Nasal cavity, Button battery

[1]. Chan TC, Ufberg J, Harrigan RA, Vike GM, Nasal foreign body removal. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2004;26(4):441-5.
[2]. Fernando P. Perforation of nasal septum due to button battery lodging in nose. Br Med J 1987,294:742-743.
[3]. Kalan A, Tariq M. Foreign bodies in the nasal cavities: a comprehensive review of the aetiology, diagnostic pointers and therapeutic measures. Post graduate medical journal 2000;76 (896):484-7.
[4]. Mc Rae D. Premachandra DJ, Gatland DJ. Button battery in the ear, nose and cervical oesophagus: a destructive foreign body. The Journal of Otolaryngology. 1989;18(6):317-9.
[5]. Baskshi SS, Coumare VN, Priya M, Kumar S. Long term complications of button battery in the nose. The journal of emergency medicine. 2016;50(3):485-7.

Abstract: BACKGROUND AVN of the proximal femur is a one of the most common causes of prximal femur and total hip arthroplasty id the gold standard treatment . among the various causes of AVN , sickle cell anemia requires a multidisciplinary approach and has its spectra of medical and surgical complications MATERALS AND METHODS This is a case report of a 27 year old male patient with arthritis of left hip secondary AVN due to sickle cell anemia was operated with uncemented total hip arthroplasty CONCLUSION.......

Key Word: avascular necrosis , total hip replacement , sickle cell anemia

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[5]. Vanderhave KL, Perkins CA, Scannell B, Brighton BK. Orthopaedic manifestations of sickle cell disease. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2018;26:94–101

Abstract:Introduction: Retro-rectal tumours are a heterogeneous and diverse group of lesions that originate in the pre-sacral space. Their complex anatomy and difficult surgery make their management a real challenge. Materials and methods: Our work is a retrospective study, spread over a period of 20 years, of a series of eight cases referred for retro-rectal tumors to the visceral surgery department B at the Ibn Sina hospital in Rabat, . Our series consists of two epidermoid cysts, a leiomyosarcoma, a fibromatosis, a hemangiopericytoma, a schwannoma, a ganglioneuroma, and a cystic rectal duplication. The aims of our surgical strategy are to study the different diagnostic means......

[1]. Jao S-W, Beart R, Spencer RJ, Reiman HM, Ilstrup DM.
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[4]. Dziki L et al. Presacral tumors: diagnosis and treatment- a challenge for a surgeon. Arch Med Sci. 2016.
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Abstract: Introduction: Poor oral health in chronic kidney disease patients is an important contributory factor in atherosclerosis, protein energy wasting, systemic infection, and inflammation. In developing countries oral health care is neglected among chronic kidney disease patients. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish the relationship between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease by measuring serum interleukin-6 and serum procalcitonin. Material and method: It was a prospective study that was conducted in department of medicine at MLN Medical College India from July 2021 to June 2022 in which 50 chronic kidney patient was included on the basis of inclusion and exclusion.......

Key Word: chronic kidney disease, stages , severity , serum interleukin-6, serum procalcitonin

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Abstract:Fistula in ano is a track that connects the anal canal or rectum to the perianal skin. Fistula in ano is a benign treatable lesion which seen frequently with perianal and perirectal suppuration due to cryptoglandular infection. The anal crypt gland penetrates the internal anal sphincter to varying degrees and once obstructed, the suppuration follows the path of least resistance. This determines the location of the abscess (perianal, inter-sphincteric, or ischiorectal) and accordingly the type of fistula. The perianal fistulous disease has significant........

[1]. (41) Bhatti Y, Fatima S, Shaikh GS, Shaikh S. Fistulotomy versus fistulectomy in the treatment of low fistula in ano. Rawal Med J. 2011 Feb 16;36(4):284-6.
[2]. Xu, Y., Liang, S., & Tang, W. (2016). Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing fistulectomy versus fistulotomy for low anal fistula. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 1722. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3406-8

Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial Resistance and Hospital Acquired Infections are the modern hazards in the field of medicine. The most common of these infections is Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), which amounts to almost 35%. CAUTI causes significant distress to patients, including risk of mortality, and increases healthcare costs. Bacteria causing CAUTIs show a high degree of antimicrobial resistance. Healthcare professionals must acquire knowledge of current local trend of causative organisms, and their resistance pattern, in any healthcare facility.
Material and Methods: This.......

Key Word: Hospital Acquired Infections; Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections; Antimicrobial Resistance; Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

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Abstract:Lipomas are often found in the inguinal canal during surgical repair of inguinal hernias 1. In the literature, these are known as "lipomas of the cord," "lipomas of the round ligament," "spermatic cord lipomas," and "inguinal cord lipomas" 1-4. Spermatic cord lipomas can either accompany a lateral inguinal hernia or occur without a synchronous hernia 1–3. They must be differentiated from the characteristic preperitoneal fatty tissue seen in a direct inguinal or femoral hernia 1.
Inguinal herniorrhaphy is the most common general surgical operation performed 5. The incidence of spermatic cord lipoma or fatty protrusion found in the groin area during inguinal hernia surgery varies widely (22.5–75%) 6–8. Isolated masses of....

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