iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2023

Abstract: Aim and objective: The main objective of this thesis is to study the post-operative complications among the primary vaginal hydrocele patients those underwent minimal access hydrocelectomy and conventional hydrocelectomy
Materials and methods: The study is conducted as a single blinded Randomized Control Trial with two arms – one arm of subjects with hydrocele who underwent minimal separation hydrocelectomy and the other arm of subjects with hydrocele who underwent conventional hydrocelectomy (Jaboulay's procedure). Patients attended the surgery OPD with scrotal swelling for evaluation in GRH, Madurai Observation and results......

[1]. Christopher Fowler. The Testes and Scrotum.Chapter 79. In: Bailey and Love's Short Practice of Surgery, Norman S Williams, Christopher J K Bulstrode, P Ronan O Connell(eds). 25th Edition, London: Arnold publishers 2008; 1377-1416.
[2]. Mihmanli I, Kantarci F, Kulaksizoglu H, Gurses B, Ogut G, Unluer E, et al. Testicular size and vascular resistance before and after hydrocelectomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183:1379-85.
[3]. Agbakwuru EA, Salako AA, Olajide AO, Takure AO, Eziyi AK.Hydrocelectomy under local anaesthesia in a Nigerian adult population.Afr Health Sci. 2008;8:160-2.
[4]. Ku JH. The Excision, Plication and Internal drainage techniques-a comparison of the results for idiopathic Hydrocoele. British Journal of Urology International 2001; 87:82-84.
[5]. Rodriguez WC, Rodriguez DD. The operative treatment for hydrocele A comparison of 4 basic techniques.Journal of Urology 1981; 125:804-805..

Abstract:Endometriosis is defined as presence of functioning endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity1. It may be pelvic or extra-pelvic; the most common pelvic sites are the ovaries, posterior cul-de-sac, ligaments of the uterus, pelvic peritoneum, and rectovaginal septum. The major sites for extra-pelvic endometriosis include the lungs, pleura, kidneys, bladder, omentum, bowels, lymph nodes, and abdominal wall. Scar endometriosis is a rare type of endometriosis usually follows obstetrical and gynecological surgeries We report two cases with caesarean scar endometriosis

[1]. Bektas H, Bilsel Y, Sarı YS, et al.: Abdominal wall endometrioma; a 10-year experience and brief review of the literature. J Surg Res. 2010, 164:e77-81.
[2]. Douglas C, Rotimi O: Extragenital endometriosis--a clinicopathological review of a Glasgow hospital experience with case illustrations. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004, 24:804-808.
[3]. L. Padmanabhan, R. Mhaskar, A. Mhaskar Scar endometriosis J. Obstet. Gynecol. India, 53 (1) (2003), pp. 59-61
[4]. R.N. Bhowmick, P. Paul, S. Dutra, B. Roy Endometriosis of laparotomy scar (a review of 13 cases) J. Obstet. Gynecol. India, 36 (1) (1986), pp. 130-131
[5]. S.K. Chatterjee Scar endometriosis: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases Obstet. Gynecol., 56 (1) (1980), pp. 81-84.

Abstract: Background: Successful pregnancy continuation in malaria endemic areas may not be without adequate malaria prevention. Prevention of malaria infections during pregnancy is a sinequanon for reducing its problems to humans as well as the consequent burdens that malaria places on pregnancy. Pregnancy associated miscarriages, anaemias, preterm labours and births, small for gestational age feotuses, intrauterine fetal malformations and in utero deaths etc are some of these burdens. Worthy of note is that optimal antioxidant status, like that of Glutathione Peroxidase has been noted as important partakers in ensuring that pregnant women enjoy uneventful pregnancies, have better pregnancy outcomes as well.....

[1]. Chukwu LC., A Ph.D Thesis 2019. Pharmacodynamic Effects of Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine on Pregnancy Outcome in Women Attending Antenatal Clinic and Their Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Intermittent Preventive Treatment. A Ph.D Thesis, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Abia State University Uturu Nigeria, 2019
[2]. https://www.medicinenet.com on malaria definition
[3]. Chukwu, L.C., Agbasi, P. U., Unekwe, P. C., Oguwike, F. N. (2019). Revisiting the evaluation of the effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine combination in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Elele, a malaria endemic area in Rivers State Nigeria. Journal of Biosciences and Medicine, 7, 59-72. http://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2019.76005
[4]. UN Inter-Agency for Child Mortality Estimation (2012). Levels and Trends I Child Mortality: Report, https://www.childinfo.org/files/Child
[5]. Byakika-Kibwika, P., et al. (2010). Update on t5he efficacy, Effectiveness and Safety of Artemether-Lumefantrine Combination Therapy for Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 6 11-20. https//doi.org.10.2147/TCRM.S4483.

Abstract: Introduction: Normal labour is the process of expulsion of a viable fetus to the outside world. Cervical ripening refers to a process of preparing the cervix for induction of labor by promoting effacement. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intra-cervical Foley's catheter with PGE2gel for pre-induction cervical ripening. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in admitted patients in the Department Of Obstetrics and gynaecology at Shrimati Heera Kunwar Baa Mahila Hospital in association with Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. This was an prospective study conducted on 140 patients during January 2020 to December 2020. Result: The two groups of women were similar with respect to age, parity, gestational age. There was a significant increase in post-induction Bishop's score......

Key words: Cervical Ripening, PGE2 gel, Foleys catheter

[1]. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Induction of Labor. Washington, DC, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1995, Publication #217
[2]. World Health Organization. Department of reproductive health and research. WHO recommendations for induction of labour. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation; 2011:32.
[3]. Tofatter KF, Bowers D, Standby RN, Gall A, Killam AP. Pre-induction cervical ripening with prostaglandin E2 gel. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;153:268-71.
[4]. National institute for clinical excellence. Clinical guidelines for induction of labour, Appendix-E. London: NICE; 2001.
[5]. St. Onge RD, Conners GT. Preinduction cervical ripening: a comparison of intra-cervical PGE2 gel versus the Foley catheter. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172:687-90.

Abstract: Background: Dental problems including trauma to children's primary and permanent teeth and their supporting structures are quite prevalent. The prognosis of traumatized teeth depends on prompt intervention and primary care, which frequently rely on the expertise of the teachers who may be present at the place of incidents. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess the attitudes and knowledge of the school teachers in Bhopal city on the emergency management of dental trauma. Methods: Cluster sampling in two stages was used in the interventional study's design. This study included 86 teachers in total. A questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Following an educational talk on oral trauma, a reevaluation with same questionnaire was conducted. Statistical analysis were done for results. Results: Out of 86......

KEY WORDS : Dental trauma, Avulsed tooth, Children, School teachers, Knowledge, Emergency management

[1]. Chan AWK, Wong TKS, Cheung GSP. Lay knowledge of physical education teachers about the emergency management of dental trauma in Hong Kong. Dent Traumatol 2001 Apr;17(2):77-85.
[2]. Yassen GH, Chin JR, Younus MS, Eckert GJ. Knowledge and attitude of dental trauma among mothers in Iraq. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2013 Aug 1;14(4):259-265.
[3]. Nagarajappa R, Ramesh G, Uthappa R. Risk factors and patterns of traumatic dental injuries among Indian adolescents. Journal of Dental Sciences 2020;15:19-63.
[4]. Lam R. Epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic dental injuries: a review of literature. Australian Dental Journal 2016;61(S1):4-20.
[5]. Li J. Emergency department management of dental trauma: recommendations for improved outcomes in pediatric patients. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2018;15(8):1-24..

Abstract: Thyroid eye disease is an orbital inflammatory disease with non specific symptoms that may imitate other causes of red eye. We report a case of a women consulting for a recurrent history of right red eye, epiphora and eyelid swelling. She was misdiagnosed as a presumed viral conjunctivitis. The patient had a positive history of weight loss and excessive sweating. Clinical examination showed right edematous eyelids, mechanical ptosis, diffuse conjunctival hypehemia and caroncular edema. The diagnosis was confirmed by biological testings. She was successfully managed with medical therapy, environmental and hormonal control. Evolution was marked by the presence of a subtle lid lag. Thus, this case highlights the importance of a careful history taking and full examination to ensure a specific diagnosis despite nonspecific and misleading symptoms and signs.

[1]. McAlinden: An overview of thyroid eye disease. Eye and Vision 2014 1:9 doi:10.1186/s40662-014-0009-8.

Abstract: Lacrimal gland prolapsed or displacement is a bulging of the lacrimal gland from its anatomical location. Thisweakening may be seen in several etiologies. Herein we describe an unusual cause of bilateral mild lacrimal gland prolapsed due to repetitive eye rubbing and chronic ocular surface inflammation triggered by allergy.

[1]. Lorber M. Gross Characteristics of Normal Human Lacrimal Glands. The Ocular Surface. 2007 Jan; 5(1):13-22
[2]. Burkat CN, Wei LA. The Lacrimal System: Diagnosis, Management, and Surgery. 2nd rev. ed. Switzerland, Springer, 2015, [3]. Naing, E.E.; Myint, K.T.; Roddi, R. Lacrimal Gland Prolapse: Case Report. Surg. Tech. Dev. 2023, 12, 53-59.

Abstract: Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of general and specialist dental practitioners of Nagpur city of Central India regarding current conscious sedation practice in children. Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 general and special dental practitioners in Nagpur city. The questionnaire comprising of 19 questions was sent to 200 Dental practitioners in Nagpur, via google form. Results: A total of 200 dental practitioners (43% males,57% females) voluntarily participated in this survey. Statistical analysis revealed that 73% of dentists......

KEY WORDS : conscious sedation, children, dental practitioner.

[1]. Ashley PF, Chaudhary M, Lourenço-Matharu L. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. Cochrane Oral Health Group, editor. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2018 Dec 17 [cited 2023 Jan 9];2018(12).
[2]. Rubin DM, Eisig S, Kraut RA. Effect of Supplemental Gases on End-tidal CO2 and Oxygen Saturation in Patients Undergoing Fentanyl and Midazolam Outpatient Sedation. Anesth Prog. 1997;
[3]. Wali A, Siddiqui TM, Khan R, Batool K. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Dental Surgeons in managing Child Patients. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016 Dec;9(4):372–8.
[4]. Alsoleihat F, Al-Shayyab M, Ryalat S, Dar-Odeh N. Current sedation practice among general dental practitioners and dental specialists in Jordan: an example of a developing country. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2013 May;223.
[5]. Galeotti A, Garret Bernardin A, D'Antò V, Ferrazzano GF, Gentile T, Viarani V, et al. Inhalation Conscious Sedation with Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen as Alternative to General Anesthesia in Preoperative, Fearful, and Disabled Pediatric Dental Patients: A Large Survey on 688 Working Sessions. BioMed Res Int. 2016; 2016:1–6..

Abstract:Clinical image: A 44 year-old male consulted for progressive membrane growth over his left eye. Best corrected visual acuity was 6/6 OU, pupils were symmetric and reactive with normal ocular adnexa and full ocular motility. On slit lamp examination, we noted a grade III pterygium, normal gonioscopy, a transparent lens and vitreous with normal fundus examination. The iris showed a bicolored pattern with a grayish depigmented temporal patch and brown coloration of the remained iris.......

[1]. Beth Kutzbach , Nancy Mendelsohn, Pamela Rath, C Gail Summers. Sectoral iris heterochromia and retinal pigment variation in 13q-syndrome. J AAPOS 2007 Oct;11(5):513-5.
[2]. Duke Elder S. System of Ophthalmology. Henry Kimpton: London, 1964.
[3]. Eagle RC Jr. Congenital, developmental, and degenerative disorders of the iris and ciliary body. Albert DM, Jakobiec FA, editors. Principles and practice of ophthalmology: Clinical practice. Vol. I, Sec. II, Uveal Tract. Philadelphia (PA): W.B. Saunders Co., 1994. p. 367-89.

Abstract: Lisch nodules are melanocytic hamartomas typically seen neurofibromatosis type 1. Herein, we present a case of bilateral Lish nodules leading to discovery of associated features of Von Recklinghausen disease.

[1]. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. Neurofibromatosis: conference statement. Arch Neurol 1988;45:575–578.
[2]. Lubs ME, Bauer MS, Formas ME, et al. Lisch nodules in neurofibromatosis type 1. N Engl J Med 1991;324:1264–1266.
[3]. Weleber RG, Zonana J. Iris hamartomas (Lisch nodules) in a case of segmental neurofibromatosis. Am J Ophthalmol 1983; 96:740–743.
[4]. Bouzas EA, Mastorakos G, Chrousos GP, et al. Lisch nodules in Cushing's disease. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111:439–440..

Abstract: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) represents a varied spectrum of pathologies involving abnormal growth of dysplastic squamous epithelial cells on the ocular surface. This spectrum includes conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, squamous cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. It is an infrequent and multifactorial disease. 95% of CIN lesions occur at the limbus, where the most actively mitotic cells reside. In case of squamous cell carcinoma, the conjunctival lesion tends to be immobile and more raised, the presence of a large feeder vessel is suggestive of epithelial basement membrane invasion, which corresponds to our case (Figure 1 a). Surgical management was done for our patient. Using a no touch technique, excision is done with at least a 4mm uninvolved......

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Abstract: Trauma to the eye may generate petaloid opacifications of the lens. Coup, contrecoup injury with axial expansion of the lens insulting lenticular fibers is responsible for this phenomenon. Evolution may be stationary or progressive and the management remains essentially surgical.

KEY WORDS : petaloid cataract, double rosette cataract, ocular trauma

[1]. Singh RB, Thakur S, Ichhpujani P. Traumatic rosette cataract. BMJ Case Rep 2018;11:e227465.
[2]. Ram J, Gupta R. Petaloid cataract. N Engl J Med 2016;374:e22.
[3]. Zehetner C, Bechrakis N. Stellate cataract. N Engl J Med 2013;368:e18.
[4]. Venkateswaran N, Galor A. Rosette-shaped cataract due to lightning injury. JAMA Ophthalmol 2018;136:e175719.
[5]. Sethi A, Ramasubramanian S. Double rosette cataract: a striking image! Indian J Ophthalmol 2019;67:124—5..

Abstract: A 9-year-old boy presented to us for progressive onset of blurred vision in his left eye over a 2-year period. His personal medical history was positive for a blunt trauma in the same eye while playing football three years ago. His best corrected visual acuity was counting fingers OS and 6/6 OD. Upon examination, extraocular movements were full, there was no relative afferent pupillary defect, and intraocular pressures were 12 mm Hg OU. There was no proptosis. Anterior segment examination showed an atypical left anterior dense subcapsular cataract with a grayish brown roundish patch and spikes spreading from his border (figure 1). He was found to have no additional ocular abnormality.....

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Abstract: We report a case of a 24-year-old man who presented to the emergency room complaining of subacute onset of non-traumatic tumefaction of the upper right eyelid over 15 days. He denied any associated symptoms especially headaches, diplopia, blurred vision, ocular pain or discharges. Four days later, the patient received systemic antibiotherapy for a presumed preseptal cellulitis with no amelioration.....

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Abstract: Background: MICU are frequent locations for multidrug resistant germs since the majority of the patients are taking greater doses of antibiotics. The difference between life and death in blood stream infections can be made by early detection and effective treatment14. Blood culture is a precise indicator of bacteraemia, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing is very important in determining the best antibiotic to use. Methods: Study was conducted in tertiary care hospital, during the period from January 2021 to June 2022. Ethical clearance was received from the Ethical Committee of institution .The study is Prospective and Observational. Total 408 sample......

KEY WORDS : Bacteria, susceptibility, MICU

[1]. Wisplinghoff H, Bischoff T, Tallent SM, Seifert H, Wenzel RP, Edmond MB. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: Analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2004;39(3):309–17.
[2]. Garrouste-Orgeas M, Timsit JF, Tafflet M, Misset B, Zahar J- R, Soufir L, et al. Excess risk of death from Intensive Care Unit--acquired nosocomial bloodstream infections: A reappraisal. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2006;42(8):1118–26.
[3]. Prowle JR, Echeverri JE, Ligabo EV, Sherry N, Taori GC, Crozier TM, et al. Acquired bloodstream infection in the intensive care unit: Incidence and attributable mortality. Critical Care. 2011;15(2).
[4]. Laupland KB, Zygun DA, Davies HD, Church DL, Louie TJ, Doig CJ. Population-based assessment of Intensive Care Unit- acquired bloodstream infections in adults: Incidence, risk factors, and associated mortality rate. Critical Care Medicine. 2002;30(11):2462–7.
[5]. Yousuf M, Sarwat T, K Mohan S, Birhma N, K Kakru D. Blood stream infections in intensive care units and its Antibiogram. Acta Scientific Microbiology. 2020;3(6):158–63.

Abstract: Introduction — Mycosis fungoides is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arise from skin-tropic clonal T lymphocytes. The ophthalmologic complications of non Hodgkin lymphoma are rare. In most cases, it's an infiltration of the orbital fat that can lead to a compressive optic neuropathy. Infiltration of the optic nerve and their sheaths by lymphoma remains exceptional. Observation — We report the case of a 38-year-old female patient treated for mycosis fungoide. She presented with a unilateral decrease in visual acuity in her right eye that was reduced to light perception. Her examination revealed a right afferent pupillary defect and an optic atrophy. Brain MRI emphasized an infiltration of both optic nerves.....

KEY WORDS : Optic neuropathy – Mycosis fungoides – Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Conflicts of interest: None

[1]. Larocca C, Kupper T. Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. févr 2019;33(1):103‑20.
[2]. Meunier J, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Vincent-Salomon A, Dendale R, Asselain B, Arnaud P, et al. Ophthalmologic and intraocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a large single centre study of initial characteristics, natural history, and prognostic factors. Hematol Oncol. déc 2004;22(4):143‑58.
[3]. Finke E, Hage R, Donnio A, Bomahou C, Guyomarch J, Sutter C, et al. Neuropathie optique rétrobulbaire et lymphome malin non hodgkinien. J Fr Ophtalmol. févr 2012;35(2):124.e1-124.e4.
[4]. Jusufbegovic D, Char DH. Clinical Variability of Ocular Involvement in Mycosis Fungoides. JAMA Ophthalmol. 1 mars 2015;133(3):341.
[5]. Spencer WH: Optic nerve, in Spencer WH (ed): Ophthalmic Pathology, Vol3. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1986, vol 3, pp 2337-2458.