iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2023

Abstract: Background: Spinal Anesthesia is the widely used process for lower limb orthopedic surgeries, giving a faster onset & effective motor & sensory blockade. It is easy to do and has got a definite end point. Intrathecal bupivacaine is widely used in spinal anesthesia over a long period of time. Fentanyl as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for intrathecal use has been found to improve the efficacy of Bupivacaine. Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomised controlled study, 60 patients of ASA physical status I and II belonging to age group of 18-60years undergoing elective lower limb surgery under sub-arachnoid block were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 30patients each, Group A (Bupivacaine and Nalbuphine) and Group B (Bupivacaine and Buprenorphine)........

Keywords: lower limb orthopedic surgeries; Bupivacaine; Fentanyl.

[1]. Stoeting' s pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice, 5th edition page 284
[2]. Yaksh TL, Rudy TA. Analgesia mediated by a direct spinal action of narcotics. Science. 1976 Jun 25; 192 (4246) : 1357 – 8.
[3]. Stoelting' s Pharmacology and physiology in Anesthetic Practice, 5th edition Page 231.
[4]. Hoda MQ. Saeed s, Afshan G, Sabir S. Haemodnamic effects of intrathecal bupivacaine for surgical repair of hip fracture JOURNAL – PAKISTAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 2007 May; 57 (5) : 245. [5]. Routray SS, Raut K, Pradhan A, Dash A, Soren M. Comparison of Intrathecal Clonidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvant to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Subarachnoid Block for Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery. Anesth Essays Res. 2017;11(3):589-593.

Abstract: Background: Induction of anesthesia is a critical part of anesthesia practice. Sudden hypotension, arrhythmias, and cardiovascular collapse are threatening complications following injection of induction agent in hemodynamically unstable patients. It is desirable to use a safe agent with fewer adverse effects for this purpose. Present prospective randomized study is designed to compare propofol and etomidate for their effect on hemodynamics and various adverse effects on patients in general anesthesia.....

Key words: Propofol, Etomidate, General Anesthesia

[1]. A.K. Bhargava, R. Setlur, and D. Sreevastava, Correlation of Bispectral index and Guddel's Stages of Ether Anaesthesia; Anesth Analg 2004;98:132-4.
[2]. Cuthbertson BH, Sprung CL, Annane D, et al. The effects of etomidate on adrenal responsiveness and mortality in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2009; 35:1868–76.
[3]. Stoelting Robert and Simon C.Hiller. Pharmacology and Physiology in Anaesthetic practice. 4th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins publishers.,2006,159-160.
[4]. Ebert TJ, Muzi M, Berens R, et al. Sympathetic responses to induction of anaesthesia in humans with propofol or etomidate. Anaesthesiology 1992; 76:725-733.
[5]. Leonara T, Fahy, Vanmourik, G.A.Utting, J.E. A comparison of the induction characteristics of thiopentone and propofol. Anaethesia,1985;40:939-944.

Abstract: Injuries to or irritation of the tooth pulp or periodontal ligament can result in tooth resorption. Internal resorption, a pathological process, makes it technically challenging to thoroughly clean and seal the root canal. It is impossible to define the anatomical extent clinically or radiographically due to numerous complicated abnormalities. Periodontal bleeding, discomfort, and trouble in obturation are additional problems that arise when internal resorption progresses through the tooth into the periodontium. Both nonsurgical and surgical methods can be used to treat internal resorption. Purpose of this paper is to describe two cases of internal resorption, where lesion has perforated the dentin in one case. Two cases were treated successfully using nonsurgical method.

Key words: Internal resorption Perforation, Thermoplasticized gutta-percha, MTA, Non-surgical treatment.

[1]. American Association of Endodontists, "Glossary of endodontic terms," 2012, http://www.aae.org/glossary/.
[2]. Bell T. The anatomy, physiology, and disease of the teeth. Philadelphia, PA: Carey and Lee Publishing; 1830:171-2.
[3]. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM: Root resorption following traumatic dental injuries, Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 88:95, 1991.
[4]. Andreason JO: Luxation of permanent teeth due to trauma: a clinical and radiographic follow up study of 189 injured teeth, Scand J Dent Res 19:273, 1970.
[5]. Ashrafi MH, Sadeghi EM: Idiopathic multiple internal resorption: report of case, J Dent Child 47:196, 1980

Abstract: Background: Increased interest in the use of nonopioid analgesic adjuncts has been sparked by worries about opioid hazards in the postoperative period. Intravenous lidocaine, an amide local anaesthetic, has been investigated for its impact on postoperative pain and recovery, but when used inappropriately and wrongly, it can be lethal and has been. The risk-benefit ratio of intravenous lidocaine varies depending on the type of surgery and patient factors such as comorbidity. This drug has not been tested for its analgesic efficacy in our part of country so, we decided to conduct a study to evaluate its analgesic efficacy.......

Key words: Lidocaine, Lignociane, Rescue analgesia, Anesthesia

[1]. Weinger MB, Lee LA, Lorri A; for the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation: No patient shall be harmed by opioid-induced respiratory depression. Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation Newsletter,2011
[2]. Weibel S, Jokinen J, Pace N, Schnabel A, Hollmann MW, Hahnenkamp K, et al. lidocaine for post operative analgesia and recovery after surgery: A systematic review with trial sequential analysis. Br J Anaesthia 2016; 116:770-83.
[3]. Marret E, Rolin M, Beaussier M, Bonnet F :Meta-analysis of intravenous lidocaine and post operative recovery after abdominal surgery.Br JSurg2008;95:1331–8
[4]. Bartlett EE, Hutserani O. Xylocaine for the relief of postoperative pain. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1961; 40: 296– 304.
[5]. Koppert W, Zeck S, Sittl R, Likar R, Knoll R, Schmelz M. Lowdose lidocaine suppresses experimentally induced hyperalgesia in humans. Anesthesiology 1998; 89: 1345–53.6. Shah J, Patel I, Guha A. Comparative study of propofol vs etomidate as an induction agent to evaluate hemodynamic changes during induction of anesthesia in controlled hypertensive patients. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care 2018;22(3):361-367.

Abstract: Background: Functional assessment post interventions using Modified Harris Hip score evaluated on clinical follow-up has been commonly researched upon. In this post pandemic era, an alternative has been sought after such as patient reported formats which can be done from one's place of comfort avoiding frequent hospital visits. The purpose of this study is to assess the possibility of the use of a patient related format as an alternative to assess functional outcomes. Methods: A cross analytical approach was used to study 125 participants of which those who were below 20 or above 90 years of age, did not give consent to the study or could not be classified among AO 31A2-31A3 fracture patterns were excluded from the study.......

Key words: Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Proximal femoral nail (PFN), Patient related, Surgeon related, Concordance rate, Pearson Coefficient.

[1]. Karakus O, Ozdemir G, Karaca S, Cetin M, Saygi B. The relationship between the type of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture and mobility in the elderly. J Orthop Surg Res. 2018;13(1). doi:10.1186/S13018-018-0911-1
[2]. Yang Y, Lin X. Epidemiological features of 877 cases with hip fraction. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2014;35(4):446-448.
[3]. Attum B, Pilson H. Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture. Orthop Traumatol An Evidence-Based Approach. Published online August 11, 2021:219-231.
[4]. Sherrington C, Lord SR, Herbert RD. A randomized controlled trial of weight-bearing versus non-weight-bearing exercise for improving physical ability after usual care for hip fracture. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(5):710-716. doi:10.1016/S0003-9993(03)00620-8
[5]. Pynsent PB, Fairbank JCT, Carr AJ, editors. Outcome measures in orthopaedics and orthopaedic trauma. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2004.

Abstract: Introduction: Advancing surgical reconstructive methods and demanding prosthetics need accurate and precise implant placement. Screw retained prosthesis to replace mandibular teeth is popular and effective option in a distal extension case. The process involves several steps including implant placement, abutment attachment and prosthesis fabrication with proper care as a long lasting and functional solution for missing teeth. For many edentulous patients, implant remains as a more reliable, functional alternative compared to other prosthetic modalities. The definition of a successful implant has been refined from just achieving effective osseointegration to a precise positioning and prosthetic outcome.......

Key words: Implant, occlusion, screw retained implant (SCRP), mandibular posterior missing teeth.

[1]. Critchlow SB, Morgan C & Leung TF. The oral health status of pre-treatment head and neck cancer patients. Br Dent J; 2014:216(1), E1. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.124
[2]. Curtis TP & Cantor RS. The forgotten patient in maxillofacial prosthetics. J Prosthet Dent; 1974: 31(6), 662–680.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(74)90122-x
[3]. Korfage A, Schoen P, Raghoebar GM, Bouma J, Burlage FR, Roodenburg JLN, Vissink A & Reintsema H. Five-year follow-up of oral functioning and quality of life in patients with oral cancer with implant-retained mandibular overdentures. Head & Neck; 2011:33(6), 831–839. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.21544
[4]. Lopes NFSN, Oliveira D, Vajgel A, Pita I, Bezerra TP, & De Holanda Vasconcellos RJ. A New Approach for Reconstruction of a Severely Atrophic Mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surgery; 2009:67(11),2455–2459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.04.090
[5]. Petrovic I, Rosen ED, Matros E, Huryn JM & Shah JP. Oral rehabilitation of the cancer patient: A formidable challenge. J Surg Onco;2018: 117(8), 1729–1735. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.25075

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this questionnaire study was to evaluate the various level of precautions taken by clinicians in their workplace before and after COVID 19 across the country to provide a safe environment for the clinician, patient, orthodontic consultants and supporting staffs. Materials and method: A questionnaire was sent to various clinicians across the country via google forms and 540 responses were recorded. The questionnaire contained 25 questions in three sections and included various methods utilised and also how much it is important as a health care worker to follow the duty as to encourage vaccination to further stay safe from the pandemic........

Key words: COVID 19, Pandemic, Orthodontics, Precautions, Teledentistry. Vaccination.

[1]. Leggat PA, Kedjarune U, Smith DR. Occupational health problems in modern dentistry: A review. Ind Health 2007; 45:611-21.
[2]. Ge ZY, Yang LM, Xia JJ, Fu XH, Zhang YZ. Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 and special precautions in dentistry. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020;1-8.
[3]. Chan JFW, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KKW, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: A study of a family cluster. Lancet 2020;395: 514-23.
[4]. Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:970-1.
[5]. Lu X, Zhang L, Du H, Zhang J, Li YY, Qu J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1663-5.

Abstract: AIM:- Role of 0.01% atropine in progressive myopia in children. Material and methods : After getting approval from ethical committee of Government medical college kota, we conducted a prospective study of 50 children from march 2021 to march 2022 for progressive myopia (>0.5 D/year) out of which 25 children got treatment in form of topical atropine 0.01%. The effectiveness of the drug was evaluated by calculating SE (spherical equivalent) at every visit. Mean change in SE was calculated before treatment and after treatment and comparison in both the mean values was done for efficacy of drug. Results: Out of 25 treatment group, 14 were males and 11 were females. There was 13 male and 12 female in control group. The mean age was 9.7±2.3 years (range 5- 14 years) and 12.1±2.9 years (6- 16 years) in atropine and control group respectively......

[1]. Williams KM, Bertelsen G, Cumberland P, Wolfram C, Verhoeven VJ, Anastasopoulos E, Buitendijk GH, Cougnard-Grégoire A, Creuzot-Garcher C, Erke MG, Hogg R. Increasing prevalence of myopia in Europe and the impact of education. Ophthalmology. 2015 Jul 1;122(7):1489-97.
[2]. Li FF, Yam JC. Low-concentration atropine eye drops for myopia progression. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2019 Sep;8(5):360.
[3]. Clark TY, Clark RA. Atropine 0.01% eyedrops significantly reduce the progression of childhood myopia. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2015 Nov 1;31(9):541-5.
[4]. Pineles SL, Kraker RT, VanderVeen DK, Hutchinson AK, Galvin JA, Wilson LB, Lambert SR. Atropine for the prevention of myopia progression in children: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2017 Dec 1;124(12):1857-66.
[5]. Chia A, Chua WH, Cheung YB, Wong WL, Lingham A, Fong A, Tan D. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: safety and efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% doses (Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2). Ophthalmology. 2012 Feb 1;119(2):347-54..

Abstract: Introduction: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. It usually presents with severe sharp early morning first step inferior heel pain. Local injection of platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an emerging therapeutic alternative for Plantar fasciitis. We conduct this study to find the effect of PRP for patients with Plantar fasciitis. Materials and Methods: 40 cases of resistant Plantar fasciitis satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were treated with Platelet Rich Plasma injection between 1st June 2021 to 31st May 2022 at Silchar Medical College, Silchar. Patients were followed up at 1 month, 2 months, 4 months and 6 months and pain intensity was assessed with Visual Analogue Score ( VAS).........

Key words: Plantar Fasciitis , Platelet Rich Plasma, Peppering Technique

[1]. Riddle DL, Schappert SM. Volume of ambulatory care visits and patterns of care for patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis: a national study of medical doctors. Foot Ankle Int 2004;25:303–10.
[2]. Irving DB, Cook JL, Menz HB. Factors associated with chronic plantar heel pain: a systematic review. J Sci Med Sport 2006;9:11–22. discussion 23–14.
[3]. Tong KB, Furia J. Economic burden of plantar fasciitis treatment in the United States. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2010;39:227–31.
[4]. Irving DB, Cook JL, Young MA, et al. Impact of chronic plantar heel pain on health-related quality of life. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2008;98:283–9.
[5]. Cornwall MW, Mcpoil TG. Plantar fasciitis: Etiology and treatment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1999;29:756–60.