iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2023

Abstract:Introduction: AIDS is defined by the development of specified opportunistic infections, cancers, and severe manifestations of HIV itself. Gastrointestinal disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spans the entire GI tract from the mouth to the rectum. The spectrum of gastrointestinal symptoms in HIV ranges from odynophagia and dysphagia to nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and finally diarrhea and tenesmus. This study aimed to analyze the gastrointestinal manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients in Bangladesh. Methods: This observational cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the ART corner and Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu.....

[1] Ralston SH., Penman ID., Strachan WJ., and Hobson RP. ed., 2018. Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine. 23rd. London: Elsevier.
[2] UNAIDS, 2016 United Nations Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS. Geneva: (General Assembly Resolution 70/266; http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/ documents/2016/2016-political-declaration-HIV-AIDS, accessed 15 November 2016).
[3] UNAIDS, 2019. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Global AIDS Update 2019.
[4] Chu C and Selwyn PA, 2011. An epidemic in evolution: the need for new models of HIV care in the chronic disease era. Journal of Urban Health; 88: 556±66.
[5] Lenzi L, Wiens A and Pontarolo R, 2013. Evaluation of adverse events associated with antiretroviral therapy and the relationship to treatment adherence. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics; 51: 141±6..

Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence rate of subjects with a history of shoulder dislocations in the male population between the ages of 22 and 33 years was 42.4 of 10,000. As a result of its wide range of movements the glenohumeral joint is highly susceptible to dislocation, accounting for 50% of all dislocations & young men who sustain high-energy injuries to the shoulder are most affected. Almost 98% are anterior subtypes, the remaining 2% are posterior subtypes and another subtype is inferior dislocation of negligible percentage. This study aimed to analyze the demographic and incidental background anterior shoulder dislocation. Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at BSMMU, Dhaka. Bangladesh, from October........

Keywords: Shoulder, Dislocation, Instability, Recurrent

[1] Milgrom, C., Mann, G. & Finestone, A. (1998) A prevalence study of recurrent shoulder dislocations in young adults. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 7(6), 621-624. Available from: doi: org/10.1016/S1058-2746(98)90011-8.
[2] Aydin, A., Usta, M., Topal, M., Uymur, E.Y., Tuncer, K. & Karsan, O. (2012) Comparison of open bankart repair versus modified bristow operation for the treatment of traumatic recurrent anterior dislocation and capsular laxity of the shoulder. The Eurasian Journal of Medicine. 44, 157-162. Available from: doi: 10.5152/eajm.2012.37.
[3] Carrazzone, O.L., Tamaoki, M.J.S., Ambra, L.F.M., Neto, N.A., Matsumoto, M.H. & Belloti, J.C. (2011) Prevalence of lesions associated with traumatic recurrent shoulder dislocation. Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition). 46(3), 281-287. Available from: doi:org/10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30196-8.
[4] Moura, D.L., Reis, A.R., Ferreira, J., Capelão, M. & Cardoso, J.B. (2018) Modified Bristow-Latarjet procedure for treatment of recurrent traumatic anterior glenohumeral dislocation. Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition). 53(2), 176–183. Available from: doi:org/10.1016/j.rboe.2017.02.009..

Abstract:Introduction: Cardiac diseases are considered as one of the major causes of death and disability globally. There are quite a number of dedicated cardiac service hospitals in Bangladesh, both in the public and private sectors. There is a paucity of data on the exact burden of cardiac diseases in these cardiac centers for local and national level planning care and delivery of services. Innovative strategies are needed to halt the progression of the cardiac disease epidemic in resource-poor settings in Bangladesh. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the burden of cardiac diseases requiring hospitalization in public cardiac hospitals in two major cities in Bangladesh.....

Key Words Disease burden, Cardiac diseases, CVD, Cardiovascular disease, DM, HTN

[1] George A. Mensah, Gregory A. Roth, Valentin Fuster, The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors: 2020 and Beyond, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Volume 74, Issue 20, 2019, Pages 2529-2532, ISSN 0735-1097, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.009. (https://www. science direct. com/ science/article/pii/S0735109719379288).
[2] Nah, Ryan Guo Quan. Are illness representations of individuals living with chronic kidney disease predictive of levels of physical activity and associated to depression. Diss. University of Leicester, 2017.
[3] World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fact sheet. May 2017. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds).
[4] Benjamin, Emelia J., et al. "heart disease and stroke statistics—2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association." Circulation 137.12 (2018): e67-e492.
[5] Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA, Mensah GA, Ezzati M, Flaxman A, Murray CJ, Naghavi M. The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. 2014 Apr 8; 129(14):1493-501. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA

Abstract: Menstrual hygiene is a necessary aspect of being a woman. Menstruation has been linked to women's health and wellbeing in a variety of ways, including its physiology, pathology, and psychology; as a result, it is a significant issue in terms of the morbidity and mortality of the female population. Women are thought to be most susceptible to contracting sexually transmitted illnesses, urinary tract infections, and other reproductive system infections during this time. This review study shows that, teenage girls experience a number of difficulties managing their periods properly. Adolescent girls in many low-income settings continue to have few options for safe and.....

Key Words Hygiene, Menstruation, Teenage girl, sanitary pads, menstrual hygiene, women health

[1]. Sahiledengle, B., Atlaw, D., Kumie, A., Tekalegn,Y., Woldeyohannes,D., Agho,E.k., (2022). Menstrual hygiene practice among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8726503/
[2]. Despande,N.T., Patil, S,S., Gharai,B.S., Patil,R.S., Durgawale,M.P., (2018). Menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls-A study from urban slum area.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6293884/
[3]. Belayneh, Z., Mekuriaw, B., (2019). Knowledge and menstrual hygiene practice among adolescent school girls in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7973-9

Abstract: Good nutrition is the basic element of good health. When the nutrients found in the food we consume are in improper amounts, it may evolve into a serious problem which may even prove fatal. Housewives play multiple roles in the family and the society as taking care of family and managing other work. This is the reason that women's health status is very important. Due to pressure of household responsibilities, most of the women do not get enough time for their own self. This way of living is driving the society to consuming more ready to eat convenient food which is high in calories and fat percentage. Women contribute to about half of our country's population. In India, women are more vulnerable to disease and illness because of the culture and traditional practices which affect women's nutritional practices.....

Key Words: Housewives, women, nutrition, physical health, diseases

[1]. www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
[2]. Study of nutritional status and dietary pattern of working women and non working women of Jabalpur
[3]. A study on assessment of nutritional status and nutritional knowledge of working women residing in hostels at mysuru city- Rachppa pallavi
[4]. Nutritional assessment of women in the reproductive age group from rural area. Kolar –Manjunath T.L.

Abstract: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive lymphoma affecting the B lymphocytes and is the most common type of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Gene expression profiling has classified DLBCL into two sub types, Germinal center B-cell(GCB) and Activated B-cell(ABC). Of the two, GCB subtype has shown to have an overall better survival. The Hans algorithm remains the most popular method and has a reasonable correlation with gene expression profiling. Aim:-The study intended to subtype DLBCL by Hans algorithm using immunohistochemistry and analyze whether the subtype correlate with the MIB-1 proliferation indices......

Key Words: DLBCL, Hans algorithm, MIB-1 index

[1]. Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM, et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood. 2016;127(20):2391–405.
[2]. Thandra KC, Barsouk A, Saginala K, Padala SA, Barsouk A, Rawla P. Epidemiology of non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Med Sci (Basel) [Internet]. 2021;9(1):5.
[3]. Nair R, Arora N, Mallath MK. Epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in India. Oncology [Internet]. 2016;91 Suppl 1(Suppl. 1):18–25.
[4]. Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE, Ma C, Lossos IS, Rosenwald A, et al. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature [Internet]. 2000;403(6769):503–11.
[5]. Wright G, Tan B, Rosenwald A, Hurt EH, Wiestner A, Staudt LM. A gene expression-based method to diagnose clinically distinct subgroups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes. Microalbuminuria (MA) is a crucial risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, recent studies have challenged the use of microalbuminuria, as albumin excretion is more likely to revert to normal levels than to macroalbuminuria. Aim: To investigate the serum levels of glutathione-s-transferase as a marker for the detection of DN among diabetic with and without DN, in combination with other biochemical parameters for checking renal function state......

Key Words: Glutathione-s-transferase, GST, Diabetic nephropathy, Microalbuminuria

[1]. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al., ; IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Nov; 157:107843. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843.
[2]. Younis MYG, Mohamed TL, Alalem AM. The risk of developing new Onset diabetes mellitus (diabetogenicity) in statin treated patients. IOSR, Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS), 21(11), 2022, pp. 05-16. DOI: 10.9790/0853-2111030516.
[3]. Elmiladi SA (2022) Presentation and character for adult patients with diabetes in Libya. Mediterr J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2 (1): 83-90. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6390000.
[4]. Gupta S, Gambhir JK, Kalra OP, Gautam A, Shukla K, Mehndiratta M, et al. Association of biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress with the risk of chronic kidney disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indian population. J Diabetes Complicat. 2013; 27:548–52.
[5]. Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB. Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: a review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol; 2003; 17:24–38.

Abstract: Introduction- Anal Fissures(Afs) Are Common Anal Disease Which Cause Significant Morbidity And When Lasts For > 6 Weeks They Are Called Chronic And Such Fisssures Generally Require Operative Intervention. Lateral Internal Anal Sphincterotomy Is The Procedure Of Choice Which Can Be Done Under Local And Spinal Anaesthesia. Objective- To Calculate Difference In Mean Duration Of Hospital Stay Among Comparison Groups. Methods - We Conducted A Hospital Based Comparative Interventional Study From May 2022 Till November 2022 In Sawai Man Singh Hospital.....

Key Words: Anal Fissure; Local Anesthesia; Lateral Internal Anal Sphincterotomy ; Spinal Anesthesia.

[1]. Chaudhary R DCS. Prevalence of Anal Fissure in Patients with Anorectal Disorders: A Single-centre Experience.J Clin of Diagn Res [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://www.doi.org/10.7860/ JCDR/2019/38478/12563
[2]. Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL. Sabiston textbook of surgery: The biological basis of modern surgical practice. 20th ed. Elsevier; 2016.
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[4]. Ramanathan Saranga Bharathi, Vinay Sharma, Ajay Kumar Dabas, Arunava Chakladar,Evidence based switch to perianal block for ano-rectal surgeries,International Journal of Surgery,Volume 8, Issue 1,2010,Pages 29-31,ISSN 1743-
9191,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2009.09.01
[5]. Fischer. Fischer‟s mastery of surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2018.

Abstract: Mucormycosis is a fulminant invasive fungal infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales belonging to class Zygomycetes. It is caused by fungal species of the genera Rhizopus, Lichtheimia and Mucor. Mucormycosis is seen in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, prolonged use of steroids, hematological malignancies, stem cell transplantation, renal failure or severe trauma. Prompt management of mucormycosis is essential to limit the morbidity. It includes mrdical and surgical debridement. Intravenous liposomal amphotericin is the mainstay of medical management and also treatment of the underlying predisposing factors is equally important.....

Key Words: Rhino-orbital mucormycosis, surgical debridement, atrophic rhinitis, nasal myiasis

[1]. Therakathu J, Prabhu S, Irodi A, Sudhakar SV, Yadav VK, Rupa V. Imaging features of rhinocerebral mucormycosis: a study of 43 patients. The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2018 Jun 1;49(2):447-52. [2]. Petrikkos G, Skiada A, Lortholary O, Roilides E, Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP. Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2012 Feb 1;54(suppl_1):S23-34. [3]. Sharma H, Dayal D, Agrawal SP. Nasal myiasis: review of 10 years experience. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 1989 May;103(5):489-91. [4]. Moore EJ, Kern EB. Atrophic rhinitis: a review of 242 cases. American journal of rhinology. 2001 Sep;15(6):355-61. [5]. Keshanagari P, Noel R. Primary and secondary atrophic rhinitis: a microbiological and histopathological study. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 Oct;3(4):1077-80.

Abstract: Vascular anomalies are developmental anomalies of the vascular plexus and should be differentiated from hemangiomas which are true neoplasm of the endothelial cells. It is often difficult to determine clinically and histopathologically whether the vascular lesion is a malformation or a neoplasm, with more than 50 % of the vascular anomalies being misdiagnosed. Imaging modalities such as MRI and USG play a crucial role in differentiating vascular malformations based on hemodynamic changes. The upsurge for simple and esthetic treatments for vascular malformation have increased more recently.....

Key Words: Oral vascular malformations; Oral venous malformation; multiple phleboliths; Sclerotherapy.

[1]. Brahmbhatt AN, Skalski KA, Bhatt AA. Vascular lesions of the head and neck: an update on classification and imaging review.
[2]. Insights Imaging. 2020 Feb 7;11(1):19.
[3]. Steiner JE, Drolet BA. Classification of Vascular Anomalies: An Update. Semin Interv Radiol. 2017 Sep;34(03):225–32.
[4]. Greene AK. Management of hemangiomas and other vascular tumors. Clin Plast Surg. 2011 Jan;38(1):45–63.
[5]. Monteiro LS, Azevedo A, Cadilhe S, Sousa D, Faria C, Martins M. Laser treatment of vascular anomalies of oral cavity. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dentária E Cir Maxilofac. 2013 Jul 1;54(3):171–5..

Abstract: Background: In 2022, women accounts for 10.25% of total surgeons registered under ASI. Despite widespread debate on gender disparities, only few recent literatures, regarding situation in India are available. The aim of this survey study is to assess job satisfaction among female surgeons in India and determine the real challenges like gender- based discrimination.
Study design: An anonymous,50 item questionnaire based web survey was distributed among female surgeons working in India from November 15- December 15, 2022.Gender equality, job satisfaction and work-life balance were explored......

Key Words: Female surgeons, India, Gender-based discrimination, work-life balance, job satisfaction.

[1]. Tiwari M. HeforShe: Why doing the right thing matters. Indian J Surg2021;83:1341-4.
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[5]. Adams DM, Fenton SJ, Schirmer BD, et al. One size does not fit all: current disposable laparoscopic devices do not fit the needs of femalelaparoscopic surgeons. Surg Endosc 2008;22: 2310e2313.

Abstract: Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide affecting more than 8 million persons annually with 2-3 million deaths. Tubercular pleural effusion is the 2nd most common extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: Patients with signs and symptoms of pleural effusion were admitted. Routine investigations including chest X-ray, hemoglobin, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urea, sugar, etc were done. Specific investigations like sputum for acid fast bacilli, diagnostic thoracocentesis......

Key Words: Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, ADA, pleural biopsy, CBNAAT.

[1]. Light RW. Update on tuberculous pleural effusion. Respirol. 2010;15(3):451–8.
[2]. Seibert AF, Haynes J, Middleton R, Bass JB. Tuberculous Pleural Effusion. Chest. 1991;99(4):883–6.
[3]. Light RW. Useful tests on the pleural fluid in the management of patients with pleural effusions. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 1999;5(4):245– 9.
[4]. Bueno CE. Cytologic and bacteriologic analysis of fluid and pleural biopsy specimens with Cope's needle. Study of 414 patients. Arch Internal Med. 1990;150(6):1190–4.
[5]. Seibert AF, Haynes J, Middleton R, Bass JB. Tuberculous Pleural Effusion. Chest. 1991;99(4):883–6.

Abstract: Immediate loading of implants in the mandible has numerous advantages. The standard 2-stage approach requires the patient to wear a removable denture until the final prosthesis is produced, allowing the implants to heal submerged in the bone. In comparison to a traditional denture, an immediately loaded prosthesis provides greater patient comfort and function during the implant healing period. The conversion prosthesis technique for fabricating a provisional fixed prosthesis for a partially edentulous arch, immediately following abutment connection is discussed in detail.......

Key Words: conversion prosthesis, fixed prosthesis, provisional prosthesis, transitional prosthesis, Immediate occlusal loading, interim screw-retained prostheses

[1]. Tettamanti L, Andrisani C, Bassi MA, Vinci R, Silvestre-Rangil J, Tagliabue A. Immediate loading implants: review of the critical aspects. Oral Implantol (Rome). 2017 Sep 27;10(2):129-139. [2]. Bidra AS. A device to improve fabrication of a conversion prosthesis for immediate loading of dental implants. J Prosthet Dent. 2019 Apr;121(4):557-560. [3]. Balshi TJ, Wolfinger GJ. Conversion prosthesis: a transitional fixed implant-supported prosthesis for an edentulous arch--a technical note. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996 Jan-Feb;11(1):106-11. [4]. Egilmez F, Ergun G, Cekic-Nagas I, Bozkaya S. Implant-supported hybrid prosthesis: Conventional treatment method for borderline cases. Eur J Dent. 2015 Jul-Sep;9(3):442-448. [5]. Balshi TJ. The Biotes conversion prosthesis: a provisional fixed prosthesis supported by osseointegrated titanium fixtures for restoration of the edentulous jaw. Quintessence Int. 1985 Oct;16(10):667-77.