iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2023

Abstract: La trachéobronchomalacie est une altération structurelle des voies respiratoires centrales trachéale ou bronchique pouvant s'exprimer ou non par une limitation dynamique du débit d'air qui se traduit sous forme des symptômes comme la toux, la dysphonie, la dyspnée et les bronchites à répétition (1-2). En effet la trachéobronchomalacie relève d'un problème de rétrécissement statique et dynamique des voies respiratoires causé soit par une compression des voies aériennes et/ou une malformation du cartilage (3).

[1]. Sarodia BD, Dasgupta A, Mehta AC. Management of airway manifestations of relapsing polychondritis: case reports and review of literature. Chest. déc 1999;116(6):1669‑75.
[2]. Biswas A, Jantz MA, Sriram PS, Mehta HJ. Tracheobronchomalacia. Dis Mon. 1 oct 2017;63(10):287‑302.
[3]. Kamran A, Baird CW, Jennings RW. Tracheobronchomalacia, Tracheobronchial Compression, and Tracheobronchial Malformations: Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 1 janv 2020;23:53‑61.
[4]. Mathew SD, Battafarano DF, Morris MJ. Relapsing polychondritis in the Department of Defense population and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum. août 2012;42(1):70‑83.
[5]. Trentham DE, Le CH. Relapsing polychondritis. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:114–22.

Abstract: Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon condition which over the past few years has been diagnosed more frequently due to greater awareness and the availability of better non-invasive diagnostic techniques. The main progress in CVT study has been focused on identification of thrombophilic factors. Epidemiological studies have suggested that even mild hyperhomocysteinemia (hyper-Hcy) is associated with occlusive arterial vascular disease1 and venous thromboembolism. Hyper-Hcy increases the risk of CVT by 4-fold. Conversely, because blood levels of folate, vitamin B12, and to a lesser extent vitamin B6, are related inversely to homocysteine.........

[1]. Allroggen H, Abbott RJ. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2000 Jan 1;76(891):12-5.
[2]. Falcon CR, Cattaneo M, Panzeri D, Martinelli I, Mannucci PM. High prevalence of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in patients with juvenile venous thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1994;14:1080–1083.
[3]. Den Heijer M, Blom HJ, Gerrits WBJ, Rosendaal FR, Haak HL. Is hyperhomocysteinaemia a risk factor for recurrent venous thrombosis? Lancet. 1995;345:882–885.
[4]. Simioni P, Prandoni P, Burlina A, Tormene D, Sardella C, Ferrari V, Benedetti L, Girolani A. Hyperhomocysteinemia and deep-vein thrombosis: a case control study. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76:883–886.
[5]. DenHeijerM,KosterT,BlomHJ,BosGMJ,Brie ̈tE,ReitsmaPH,Vandenbroucke JP, Rosendaal FR.

Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and stimulated changes in delivery of medical & dental health care. The potential transmission of Novel Corona virus (SARS- CoV 2) through the dental procedures and in dental settings has attracted much attention and traded a fear among dentists, their staff and patients leading to either mandatory or voluntary suspension of routine dental care with only limited access to emergency procedures since March 2020 till May 2021 . Dental health services are now resumed with considerable variations to the standard operatory procedures for safe practice as there was need to strike a balance between dental health care workers and providing optimal dental care. This article deals with the challenges and opportunities that the dental profession has encountered during the Covid 19 pandemic.

Key Words Covid 19, Dental practice, Challenges, Opportunities, Dental set up

[1]. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus-death-rate-/
[2]. Mahesh Jayaweera,HasiniPerera, BuddhikaGunawardana, JagathManatunge : Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy.Environ Res. 2020 Sep; 188: 109819.
[3]. https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/DentalAdvisoryF.pdf
[4]. https://success.ada.org/~/media/CPS/Files/Open%20Files/ADA_COVID19_Dental_Emergency_DDS.pdf
[5]. VinodSachdev: COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities, and way ahead for dentistry. Journal of Dental
Specialities,http://doi.org/10.18231/j.jds.2020.001

Abstract:Background: Internet has become an essential part of our daily life, especially among adolescents and youth. In India, there were about 560 million internet users in June 2019, as compared to only 5 million in Dec 2000. Medical students are prone to internet addiction due to their isolated life style, as well as their academic needs. Aims & objectives: To estimate the prevalence of internet addiction among the medical under graduate students and its associated factors. Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students of a Medical College. Sample size calculated........

Key Words Internet Addiction, medical students, Young's internet addiction scale.

[1]. Internet World Stats:Usage and Population Statistics;June 2019 Available from: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm Last accessed on 2022 april 01
[2]. Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Online social networking and addiction—A review of the psychological literature Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8:3528–52.
[3]. Shapira NA, Lessig MC, Goldsmith TD, Szabo S T, Lazoritz M, Gold MS, et al Problematic internet use: Proposed classification and diagnostic criteria Depress Anxiety. 2003;17:207–16.
[4]. Niemz K, Griffiths M, Banyard P. Prevalence of pathological Internet use among university students and correlations with self-esteem, the General Health questionnaire (GHQ), and disinhibition. CyberpsycholBehav. 2005;8(6):562-570.[PubMed].
[5]. Soule L, Shell W, Kleen B. Exploring Internet addiction: Demographic characteristics and stereotypes of heavy internet users. J Comput Info Syst 2002;44:64-73.

Abstract: Background:Many diseases -local or systemic present with pleural effusion. Thus its of utmost importance to delineate between transudates and exudates to aid in differential diagnosis. The excess pleural liquid accumulates due to excessive production or decreased lymphatic drainage. The criteria proposed by Light et al(1) in 1972 have been the standard method of differentiating exudates from transudates. Light's criteria is more accurate in identifying exudates. However, it may confound about 25% of transudative effusion cases as exudatives. Dhar et al.(2), established that when the serum......

Key Words Pleural effusion, lights criteraia , pleural fluid analysis SPAG(serum to pleural fluid albumin gradient) , serum albumin

[1]. LIGHT RW. Pleural Effusions: The Diagnostic Separation of Transudates and Exudates. Ann Intern Med. 1972 Oct 1;77(4):507.
[2]. M Dhar, S. Chaudhuri, D. Pal, K. Mitra, K. Basu, T. Sau. Significance of serum - effusion albumin gradient in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion. The Indian journal of tuberculosis 47 (2000): 229-231.
[3]. Rector WG, Reynolds TB. Superiority of the serum-ascites albumin difference over the ascites total protein concentration in separation of "transudative" and "exudative" ascites. Am J Med. 1984 Jul;77(1):83–5.
[4]. Roth BJ, O'Meara TF, Cragun WH. The serum-effusion albumin gradient in the evaluation of pleural effusions. Chest. 1990 Sep;98(3):546–9.
[5]. Sandeesha V, Ravi Kiran C v, Ushakiran P, Sulemani MD, Lakshmanakumar N. A comparative study of serum effusion albumin gradient and Light's criteria to differentiate exudative and transudative pleural effusion. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Sep;9(9):4847–52

Abstract: Background: Use of technology has made life easier for dentists. Three- dimensional printing (3D) is gaining much popularity in dentistry these days. 3D printing is one such emerging technology for regenerative medicine that enables the fabrication of living tissues using the living cells by the printing process. In addition to that , they are now being used in manufacturing various materials such as sports goods, fashion items such as jewelry and necklaces to aerospace components, tools for automobile industry, and medical implants also in dentistry for producing models, making scaffolds, etc. Regenerative procedures need placement of tissues that are biocompatible & bioresorbabale.....

Key Words 3D printing, bioinks, scaffolds, periodontal regeneration

[1]. Patel R, Sheth T, Shah S, Shah M. A new leap in periodontics: Three-dimensional (3D) printing. Journal of advanced oral research. 2017 May;8(1-2):1-7.
[2]. Chandrasekharan T, Prem M, Rajula B, Shankar R. 3D bioprinting: Print the future of periodontics.
[3]. Woodruff MA, Hutmacher DW. The return of a forgotten polymer—Polycaprolactone in the 21st century. Progress in polymer science. 2010 Oct 1;35(10):1217-56.
[4]. Obregon F, Vaquette C, Ivanovski S, Hutmacher DW, Bertassoni LE. Three-dimensional bioprinting for regenerative dentistry and craniofacial tissue engineering. Journal of dental research. 2015 Sep;94(9_suppl):143S-52S.
[5]. Bertassoni LE, Cardoso JC, Manoharan V, Cristino AL, Bhise NS, Araujo WA, Zorlutuna P, Vrana NE, Ghaemmaghami AM, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Direct-write bioprinting of cell-laden methacrylated gelatin hydrogels. Biofabrication. 2014 Apr 3;6(2):024105.

Abstract: Background: Stoma closure is a fairly common procedure performed in the general surgery department. Wound infection in a stoma closure wound is also very common. In this study we compare between two different methods of stoma closure Methods: A prospective randomized control trial was carried out in the Department of General Surgery, Medical College Baroda amongst all patients posted for closure of ileostomy or colostomy between June 2019 to November 2020. Approval for study was obtained from the Scientific and Ethical Review Committee of Medical College and Sir Sayajirao......

Key Words Stoma closure, Surgical site infection, SSI

[1]. Lahat G, Tulchinsky H, Goldman G, Klauzner JM, Rabau M. Wound infection after ileostomy closure: a prospective randomized study comparing primary vs. delayed primary closure techniques. Tech Coloproctol. 2005
[2]. Wong K-S, Remzi FH, Gorgun E, Arrigain S, Church JM, Preen M, Et Al. Loop Ileostomy Closure After Restorative Proctocolectomy: Outcome in 1,504 Patients. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum;48(2):243–50.
[3]. Van de Pavoordt HDWM, Fazio VW, Jagelman DG, Lavery IC, Weakley FL. The outcome of loop ileostomy closure in 293 cases. Int J Colorect Dis 1987;2(4):214–7
[4]. Senapati A, Nicholls RJ, Ritchie JK, Tibbs CJ, Hawley PR. Temporary loop ileostomy for restorative proctocolectomy. Br J Surg 1993;80(5):628–30.
[5]. Rullier E, Le Toux N, Laurent C, Garrelon J-L, Parneix M, Saric J. Loop Ileostomy versus Loop Colostomy for Defunctioning Low Anastomoses during Rectal Cancer Surgery. World J Surg 2001;25(3):274–8.

Abstract: Background: Stroke is the the second largest cause of mortality worldwide. Thrombosis, platelet activation and inflammation are essential in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Lymphocytes exert an anti-inflammatory response in development of atherosclerosis. In comparison to platelets or lymphocyte counts alone, the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is an unique marker that assesses the state of thrombosis and inflammatory pathways. Objectives: To estimate PLR in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to assess the association between PLR and severity of acute ischemic stroke using NIHSS on admission. Methodology: 243 patients admitted in Government Medical.....

Key Words Platelet to lymphocyte ratio, NIHSS, Stroke

[1]. Sharma, D., & Gandhi, N. (2020). Role of Platelet to Lymphocyte Rato and its correlation with NIHSS for prediction of severity in patients of acute ischemic stroke. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
[2]. Grau AJ, Weimar C, Buggle F, et al. Risk factors, outcome, and treatment in subtypes of ischemic stroke the German stroke data Bank. Stroke 2001; 32:2559–66.
[3]. Aiyar, Açıkgoz SK, Bozbay M, Altay S, Ugur M, Uluganyan M, et al. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio Combination Can Predict Prognosis in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Angiology 2014; 24:312-318.
[4]. Eapen RP, Rosenberger G, Walter DH, Breuer S, Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM. Elevated C-reactive protein levels and impaired endothelial vasoreactivity in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000; 102:1000–1006. [5]. Dalal PM. Studies in young and elderly: Risk factors and strategies for stroke prevention. J Assoc Physicians India 1997; 45:125-31.
[6]. Potential New risk factors for ischemic stroke –Stroke 2006;37;2181-2188

Abstract: Noonan syndrome which resembles Turner syndrome is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder. Both sexes are affected by this syndrome, with incidence of one per 2500 to one per 1000. Patients with Noonan syndrome display a variety of clinical manifestations because of its genetic variability. Some of the frequently seen clinical characteristics are congenital heart abnormalities, thoracic deformities, short neck with webbing, hypertelorism, and malocclusions. A case of Noonan syndrome with atypical dental anomalies such as multiple impacted permanent teeth and impacted supernumerary teeth was presented herewith. The oral manifestations of Noonan syndrome have......

Key Words Noonan syndrome, supernumerary teeth, impacted teeth, Dental anomalies

[1]. Noonan JA. Hypertelorism with Turner phenotype. A new syndrome with associated congenital heart disease. Am J Dis Child 1968;116:373-80.
[2]. Nora JJ, Nora AH, Sinha AK, Spangler RD, Lubs HA. The Ullrich-Noonan syndrome (Turner phenotype). Am J Dis Child 1974;127:48-55.
[3]. OMIM, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Available from: http://www.omim.org/entry/163950. [Last accessed on 2014 Jul 14].
[4]. Romano AA, Allanson JE, Dahlgren J, Gelb BD, Hall B, Pierpont ME, etal. Noonan syndrome: Clinical features, diagnosis, and management guidelines. Pediatrics 2010;126:746-59.
[5]. van der Burgt I. Noonan syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007;2:4.

Abstract: A 63-year-old female presented with gradually progressive diminution of vision in the left eye for 6 months. On ocular examination, the unaided visual acuity in the right eye (RE) was 6/36 and Hand movements with perception of light in the left eye (LE). On dilated slit-lamp examination, RE was pseudophakic and LE had mature senile cataract with inferior lens coloboma. The iris morphology in both eyes was normal with no clinically appreciable iridodonesis or phacodonesis. B scan had no evidence of coloboma, and also no significant findings were found on systemic examination....

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Abstract: Introduction: Cataracts are a multifactorial systemic disease that causes opacity of the optical lens. One etiology of cataracts is chronic hyperglycemia, usually caused by uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Cataracts represent the world's largest cause of visual impairment and blindness (33%) after refractive problems like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism (43%). This study aimed to analyze the frequency and types of cataracts in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in the Eye Outpatients Department of Ophthalmology, Combined Military Hospital......

Key Words Cataract, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Cortical cataract, Nuclear cataract, Posterior Sub Capsular Cataract (PSC).

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