iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-9 ~ September 2024

Abstract: Biochemistry, as a core subject in medical and health sciences education, presents unique challenges due to its highly theoretical and complex nature. Traditional teaching methods, such as lectures and textbook-based learning, are no longer sufficient to meet the evolving needs of students in the digital age. Innovative teaching methods have emerged to enhance student engagement and promote deeper understanding. In recent years, the traditional approaches to teaching biochemistry have faced challenges in maintaining student engagement and ensuring deep learning. Given the complexity of biochemical processes and the highly theoretical nature of the subject, there is a pressing need for innovative teaching strategies that not only capture student interest but also foster deeper understanding.......

[1] Bishop, J. L., & Verleger, M. A. (2013). The Flipped Classroom: A Survey Of The Research. In ASEE National Conference Proceedings (Vol. 30, No. 9, Pp. 1-18).
[2] De Paolis, L. T., Mongelli, A., & Paladini, M. (2021). Augmented Reality For Medical Education: Opportunities And Challenges. Journal Of Medical Systems, 45(7), 1-13.
[3] Subhash, S., & Cudney, E. A. (2018). Gamified Learning In Higher Education: A Systematic Review Of The Literature. Computers In Human Behavior, 87, 192-206.
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Abstract: Background: A reduction in turnaround time may be beneficial to the timely appropriate antimicrobial administration to patients in sepsis, especially with Gram negative bacteria. This study was done to evaluate direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing (DAST) on positive blood cultures with Gram negative bacteremia in comparison to conventional method. Materials and method: This is a prospective observational study where 64 positive blood culture samples with monomorphic Gram negative......

Keywords: Direct blood culture, Gram negative bacteremia, Beta lactams

[1] Gupta S, Kashyap B. Bacteriological Profile And Antibiogram Of Blood Culture Isolates From A Tertiary Care Hospital Of North India. Trop J Med Res. 2016;19(2):94.
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[3] Macdougall C. Beyond Susceptible And Resistant, Part I: Treatment Of Infections Due To Gram-Negative Organisms With Inducible Β-Lactamases. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2011;16(1):23-30.
[4] Jeganathan N. Burden Of Sepsis In India. Chest. 2022;161(6):1438-9.
[5] Kumar A, Haery C, Paladugu B, Kumar A, Symeoneides S, Taiberg L Et Al. The Duration Of Hypotension Before The Initiation Of Antibiotic Treatment Is A Critical Determinant Of Survival In A Murine Model Of Escherichia Coli Septic Shock: Association With Serum Lactate And Inflammatory Cytokine Levels. J Infect Dis. 2006; 193:251–8.

Abstract: The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by aplasia of the uterus and the upper part of vagina in an XX individual with normal development of secondary sexual characteristics.The exact etiology of MRKH syndrome is not known. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is the second most common cause of primary amenorrhea, after gonadal dysgenesis. To help establish the best criteria for early diagnosis and treatment options for a comprehensive therapeutic approach to MRKH patients, we report the case of a 24-year-old woman who presented with primary amenorrhea. With difficulty in coitus. Correct evaluation of these patients and proper management is mandatory.....

Keywords: Primary amenorrhea, mullerian duct anomalies, MRKH syndrome

[1] Nguyen B.T., Dengler K.L., Saunders R.D. Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome: A Unique Case Presentation. Mil Med. 2018 May 1;183(5–6):E266. Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/29415121/ Internet. [Cited 2022 Apr 5. 9. Available From. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
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[3] Bjørsum-Meyer T., Herlin M., Qvist N., Petersen M.B. Vertebral Defect, Anal Atresia, Cardiac Defect, Tracheoesophageal Fistula/Esophageal Atresia, Renal Defect, And Limb Defect Association With Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome In Co-Occurrence: Two Case Reports And A Review Of The Literature. J Med Case Rep. 2016 Dec 21;10(1):1–10. Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/28003020/ [Internet] [Cited 2022 Apr 16] Available From. [Pmc Free Article] [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
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[5] M Huebner, Jol Delancey, C Reisenauer, Sy Brucker, H Preibsch, S Fleischer, Et Al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Vaginal Support Structure Before And After Vecchietti Procedure In Women With Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser Syndrome Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 97 (7) (2018), Pp. 830-837

Abstract: A sinus lift, also known as a sinus augmentation, is a common surgical procedure used in conjunction with dental implant placement to enhance the upper jaw's ability to support implants When the natural teeth are lost, the surrounding bone can deteriorate, leading to inadequate bone density and height, particularly in the posterior maxilla. The sinus lift procedure involves gently lifting the sinus membrane and placing a bone graft in the resulting space, allowing for new bone growth and a more stable foundation for dental implants. This procedure has become a crucial step in ensuring the long term success of implants Sufficient training is necessary for the successful implantation of dental implants in the non-dentate part of the maxillary posterior region......

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[4] Timmenga Mn, Marius N. Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Surgery: Effects On Maxillary Sinus Performance [Doctoral Dissertation]. Groningen, The Netherlands: University Of Groningen; 2003.
[5] Misch Ce. Divisions Of Available Bone In Implant Dentistry. Int J Oral Implantol. 1990;7:9–17. 9. Misch Ce. Bone Character: Second Vital Implant Criterion. Dent Today. 1988;7:39–40.

Abstract: A potential wide range of human infections causes by Group A streptococci ubiquitous bacteria. Human host adapted Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus; GAS) that result in various asymptomatic infection like pharyngitis, pyoderma, scarlet fever and invasive diseases. Gas adopted both innate and adoptive immune responses to infection. It display a wide range of gas infection which allow colonization, dissemination, and transmission of diseases inside the host. GAS classified as gram – positive cocci which causes a range of diseases. A special type of surface M protein present on the surface as GAS. For the presence of M protein GAS can be classified.......

Keywords: Streptococcus pyogenes; sepsis; GAS capsule; M protein; S protein; diagnosis; oral infection

[1] Walker, M. J. Et Al. Disease Manifestations And Pathogenic Mechanisms Of Group A Streptococcus. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 27, 264–301 (2014).
[2] Mcmillan, D. J. Et Al. Updated Model Of Group Astreptococcus M Proteins Based On A Comprehensive Worldwide Study. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19, E222–E229 (2013).
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[4] Lynskey, N. N. Et Al. Emergence Of Dominant Toxigenic M1t1 Streptococcus Pyogenes Clone During Increased Scarlet Fever Activity In England: A Population-Based Molecular Epidemiological Study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 19, 1209–1218 (2019).
[5] Tse, H. Et Al. Molecular Characterization Of The 2011 Hong Kong Scarlet Fever Outbreak. J. Infect. Dis. 206, 341–351 (2012).

Abstract: Since the creation of the central dogma of molecular biology, researchers have made great efforts to develop new technologies to edit, modify, or manipulate genomes. Precise editing of genomic information is essential to understand the functions of a given gene and more importantly to introduce useful genes into genomes or replace deficient genes in genomes, termed gene therapy. Genomes of eukaryotic organisms are composed of billions of DNA bases. The ability to change these DNA bases at precisely predetermined locations holds tremendous value not only for molecular biology but also for medicine and biotechnology......

Keywords: Streptococcus pyogenes; sepsis; GAS capsule; M protein; S protein; diagnosis; oral infection

[1] Naldini L. Gene Therapy Returns To Centre Stage. Nature. 2015;526:351–60
[2] Yu N, Yang J, Mishina Y, Giannobile Wv. Genome Editing: A New Horizon For Oral And Craniofacial Research. J Dent Res 2019;98(1):36-45.
[3] Doudna Ja, Charpentier E. Genome Editing. The New Frontier Of Genome Engineering With Crisprcas9. Sci 2014;346:1258096.
[4] Hryhorowicz M, Lipianki D, Zeyland J, Slomski R. Crispr/Cas9 Immune System As A Tool For Genome Engineering. Arch Immunol Ther Ex 2017;65(3):233-240.
[5] Beaudet Al, Meng L. Gene-Targeting Pharmaceuticals For Single-Gene Disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2016;25(R1):R18-R26.

Abstract: Background:acute encephalitis syndrome is defined clinically as a person of any age, at any time of year with the acute onset of fever and a change in mental status and or new onset of seizures. Objective: the aim of the study is, to assess the clinical profile of japanese encephalitis (je) in children admitted for acute encephalitis syndrome. Materials and methods: the total study participants 86, were selected by convenience sampling method who are admitted in the paediatric ward for acute encephalitis syndrome, enrolled in the study depending on the fulfilment of the eligibility criteria. A detailed history, general physical and systemic examination was done with baseline investigation and investigations.......

Keywords: Japanese encephalitis, acute encephalitis syndrome, encephalitis, paediatric febrile illness, febrile seizure.

[1] Panyang Pp, Baruah Mn, Biswanath P. Clinical Profile Of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome In Children With Special Reference To Japanese Encephalitis In A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Of Upper Assam. Jmscr.2016;4(10):13171-78.
[2] Park K. Park's Textbook Of Preventive And Social Medicine. 25th Ed. Jabalpur: Banarsidas Bhanot; 2019.
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[5] Dongol S, Shrestha S, Shrestha N, Adhikari J. Clinical Profile And Outcome Of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome In Dhulikhel Hospital Of Nepal. J Nepal Paediatri Soc.2012;32(3):201-5.

Abstract: The study titled "Flood event Trends: Study of the Confluence of Rivers Benue and Gongola, Numan, Adamawa State, Nigeria", is aimed at comparing the impact of flood events in the confluence town, Numan due to rising high water levels and heavy rainfalls in 2012, 2018 and 2020, which has caused devastating effects on land use and landcover. Numan is one of the local government areas affected by the annual floods in Adamawa state; considered a flood prone area due to its proximity to the banks of the Benue and Gongola Rivers. There were few people killed.......

Keywords: Numan, Flooding, Inundation, Remote Sensing, Disaster

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Abstract: Background: Caesarean section is the most commonly performed surgery in obstetrics. Due to the rise in caesarean section rate due to non-recurring indications in past few years, the number of pregnancies with previous caesarean section has also increased. There is no consensus regarding decision of mode of delivery in patients with previous caesarean section. Material and Methods: This one year prospective and observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government......

[1] Singh N, Tripathi R, Mala Ym. Maternal And Foetal Outcomes In Patients With Previous Caesarean Section Undergoing Trial Of Vaginal Birth At A Tertiary Care Centre In North India. J Preg Child Health 2014;1(1):1-5.
[2] Cunningham Fg, Levono Kj, Bloom Sl, Spong Cy, Dashe Js, Hoffman Bl. Prior Caesarean Delivery In : Williams Obstetrics (24th Edn.). Mcgraw-Hill 2014;609-19.
[3] Verma V, Nath Dc. Prevalence Of The Caesarean Section In India. Presented In Population Association Of America 2018:1-17.
[4] Belizan J, Althabe F, Barros F, Alexander S. Rates And Implications Of Caesarean Sections In Latin America: Ecological Study. British Medical Journal. 1999;319:1397-1402.
[5] Birara M And Gebrehiwot Y. Factors Associated With Success Of Vaginal Birth After One Caesarean Section (Vbac) At Three Teaching Hospitals In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study. Bmc Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13(1):31..

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia, adversely affecting numerous physiological processes such as immune response and wound healing. The heightened risk of periodontal diseases among diabetic patients frequently leads to edentulism, with dental implants serving as a common treatment. However, poorly controlled diabetes increases the likelihood of complications such as peri-implantitis, an inflammatory condition that impairs bone healing and osseointegration. Elevated blood glucose levels in diabetic individuals contribute to the formation of advanced glycation.......

Keywords: Blood glucose; Inflammation; Peri-implantitis; Systemic disorders; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

[1] Alberti A, Morandi P, Zotti B, Tironi F, Francetti L, Taschieri S, Et Al. Influence Of Diabetes On Implant Failure And Peri-Implant Diseases: A Retrospective Study.
[2] Andrews M, Soto N, Arredondo-Olguin M. Association Between Ferritin And Hepcidin Levels And Inflammatory Status In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Obesity. Nutrition. 2015;31(1):51–7. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Nut.2014.04.019
[3] Astolphi RD, Curbete MM, Colombo NH, Shirakashi DJ, Chiba FY, Prieto AK, Et Al. Periapical Lesions Decrease Insulin Signal And Cause Insulin Resistance. J Endod. 2013;39:648–52.
[4] Chiu HC, Fu M, Yang TS, Et Al. Effect Of High Glucose, Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide And Advanced Glycation Endproducts On Production Of Interleukin-6/-8 By Gingival Fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res. 2017;52(2):268–76.
[5] Cintra LT, Samuel RO, Facundo AC, Prieto AK, Sumida DH, Bomfim SR, Et Al. Relationships Between Oral Infections And Blood Glucose Concentrations Or Hba1c Levels In Normal And Diabetic Rats. Int Endod J. 2014;47:228–37.

Abstract: Objective- To analyse the maternal dead on arrival cases and to identify the underlying cause. Material and Methods- In this retrospective study, analysis of all the patients who were declared clinically dead on their arrival at emergency department of obstetrics and gynecology of a tertiary care centre in western Rajasthan, India was done over a period of 2 years (June 2016-2018). Results- Over a period of 2 years, 40 maternal dead on arrival cases were evaluated. Postpartum hemorrhage was found in 20 out of 40 cases (50%) as a major cause of death. 34 patients reached......

Keywords: Brought in dead, Maternal mortality ratio, Anemia, Hemorrhage

[1] K Park. Preventive Medicine In Obstetrics, Pediatrics And Geriatrics. In: K Park ,Editors. Park Text Book Of Preventive And Social Medicine, 23rd Edition; M/S Banarsidas Bhanot, India;2015, Chapter 9.Pp. 557.
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[4] Kuralkar RN Et Al. Analysis Of Maternal Deaths: Autopsy Study At Tertiary Health Care Center. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Dec;6(12):5282-5287
[5] Aruna Kumar. Neha Agrawal. Brought In Dead: An Avoidable Delay In Maternal Deaths. The Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology Of India (September–October 2016) 66(S1):S60–S66.

Abstract: Composite veneers have emerged as a popular, conservative treatment option for improving dental aesthetics due to their minimally invasive approach and immediate results. Despite their advantages, the longevity of composite veneers is influenced by a range of factors, including the properties of the composite material, patient related habits such as oral hygiene and bruxism, as well as the clinician's expertise in placement techniques. This review explores the survival rates of composite veneers across short, medium, and long term periods, highlighting the factors that contribute to their durability and discussing strategies......

Keywords: composite veneers, survival rate, dental aesthetics, material properties, veneer longevity, bruxism, adhesive techniques, dental restorations, patient care, porcelain veneers.

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[3]. McKeown DJ. Impact of Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures on the Psychological and Social Dimensions of Health. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021 Apr 28;9(4):e3578. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003578. PMID: 33936919; PMCID: PMC8081460.
[4]. Meer Rownaq Ali AB. Conventional Versus Minimally Invasive Veneers: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023 Sep 4;15(9):e44638. doi: 10.7759/cureus.44638. PMID: 37799216; PMCID: PMC10548404.
[5]. Badami V, Satya Priya M, Vijay L, Kethineni H, Akarapu S, Agarwal S. Marginal Adaptation of Veneers: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2022 Nov 25;14(11):e31885. doi: 10.7759/cureus.31885. PMID: 36579272; PMCID: PMC9790148.