iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-9 ~ September 2024

Abstract: Diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma is a real challenge even for experienced trauma surgeons. The clinical findings are usually not reliable. Abdominal examination is compounded by different factors like fractures of lower chest ribs, contusion and abrasions of the abdominal wall, presence of fractured lumbar vertebrae with retroperitoneal haematoma, and reduced level of consciousness. Diagnostic tools that help the treating doctor to take critical decisions like the need for laparotomy or conservative treatment are mandatory if we aim for a favourable outcome. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) had been the gold standard to detect intraperitoneal fluid since the sixties......

[1] Lingawi Ss, Buckley Ar. Focused Abdominal Us In Patients With Trauma. Radiology. 2000; 217:426-29.
[2] Healey Ma, Simons Rk, Winchell Rj. A Prospective Evaluation Of Abdominal Ultrasound In Blunt Trauma: Is It Useful? J Trauma. 1996;40:875-83.
[3] Shuman Wp.Ct Of Blunt Abdominal Trauma In Adults. Radiology. 1997;205:297-306.
[4] Richards Jr, Knopf Na, Wang L, Mcgahan Jp. Blunt Abdominal Trauma In Children: Evaluation With Emergency Us. Radiol. 2002; 222:749-54.
[5] Hamidi Mi, Aldaoud Km, Qtaish I. The Role Of Computed Tomography In Blunt Abdominal Trauma. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2007;7(1):41-46.

Abstract: Postoperative pain management is a critical aspect of patient care following surgical procedures(1). Effective pain control not only improves patient comfort and satisfaction but also facilitates faster recovery and reduces the risk of complications(2). It involves a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions depending on the individual patient's needs and the type of surgery performed (3). Effective postoperative pain management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals(4). Individualized pain management plans should consider factors such as the patient's medical history, surgical procedure, pain intensity, and risk factors for adverse effects(5). Pharmacological......

[1] American Society Of Anesthesiologists. Practice Guidelines For Acute Pain Management In The Perioperative Setting: An Updated Report By The American Society Of Anesthesiologists Task Force On Acute Pain Management. Anesthesiology. 2012;116(2):248-73.
[2] Apfelbaum Jl, Chen C, Mehta Ss, Gan Tj. Postoperative Pain Experience: Results From A National Survey Suggest Postoperative Pain Continues To Be Undermanaged. Anesth Analg. 2003;97(2):534-40.
[3] Gan Tj. Poorly Controlled Postoperative Pain: Prevalence, Consequences, And Prevention. J Pain Res. 2010;3:15-21.
[4] Gan Tj, Habib As. Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting—Challenges And Solutions. J Clin Anesth. 2013;25(4):289-91.
[5] Gupta A, Parvizi J, Hanssen A, Horn Jl, Krause H, Leone Bj, Et Al. Enhancing Recovery After Surgery: Recommendations From A Recent International Consensus Conference. Can J Anaesth. 2019;66(6):697-708..

Abstract: Purposes Community Acquire AKI (CAAKI) develops outside the hospital settings and imposes significant burden on healthcare with its high mortality rate and long-term consequences in selected cases. Infective causes are commonly incriminated and thus CAAKI incidence can be curtailed with social and preventive aspect of modern medicine. We studied patients of CAAKI admitted at our institute with follow-up for 6 months. Methods.

[1] Lameire N, Biesen Wv, Vanholder R. The Changing Epidemiology Of Acute Renal Failure, Nat Clin Pract Nephrol, 2006, Vol. 2 (Pg. 364 -377)
[2] Jha V. ,Parameswaran S. Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury In Tropical Countries.Nat Rev Nephrol. 2013; 9: 278-290
[3] Cerdá J, Bagga A, Kher V, Chakravarthi R.M.The Contrasting Characteristics Of Acute Kidney Injury In Developed And Developing Countries. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2008; 4: 138-153
[4] State-Wise Percentage Of Population Below Poverty Line By Social Groups, 2004-05 | Department Of Social Justice And Empowerment - Government Of India. ([Cited 2023 May 3]. Available From:)Https://Socialjustice.Gov.In/Common/76672
[5] Wang Y, Wang J, Su T, Et Al. Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury: A Nationwide Survey In China. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;69:647–657

Abstract: Iridodialysis can occur due to blunt trauma or intraocular surgeries. Symptoms include glare, photophobia, eye pain, Diplopia. Signs include elevated Intraocular Pressure , Hyphema. In this report, we describe a case of total Iridodialysis during manual small incision cataract surgery. The disinserted Iris was left insitu and on postoperative day 1, the Iris was in place without getting crumpled or obstructing the visual axis. The postoperative 6 week follow up has the same picture where Iris tissue remained the same without getting necrosed. This is an unusual presentation of the Iris tissue.

Keywords: Manual SICS, Iridodialysis, Iatrogenic, Fibrosis

[1] A Quantitative Animal Model Of Traumatic Iridodialysis.Kumar S, Miller D, Atebara N, Blance.Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1990;68:591–596. - Pubmed
[2] Sangameswaran Rp, Verma Gk, Raghavan N, Joseph J, Sivaprakasam M. Cataract Surgery In Mobile Eye Surgical Unit:Safe And Viable Alternative. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016 Nov;64(11):835-839. Doi:10.4103/0301-4738.195599. Pmid:27958207; Pmcid: Pmc5200986.
[3] Neuhann Im, Neuhann Tf. Cataract Surgery And Aniridia. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2010 Jan;21(1):60-4.
Doi:10.1097/Icu.0b013e328333ea49. Pmid: 19890208.
[4] Cauchi P, Chen Hc, Holden R. Primary Surgical Management In A Case Of Subtotal Iridodialysis. Eye (Lond). 1999 Dec;13 (Pt 6):791. Doi: 10.1038/Eye.1999.231. Pmid: 10707148.
[5] Bang, S.P., Jun, J.H. Iris Reconstruction Using Autologous Iris Preserved In Cold Balanced Salt Solution For 8 Hours In Iatrogenic Total Iridodialysis During Cataract Surgery: A Case Report. Bmc Ophthalmol 17, 39(2017). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12886-017-0432-4

Abstract: Successful endodontic therapy relies on the objectives of accurate diagnosis, complete debridement and three dimensional obturation of root canal system. However complexities such as extra canals and root roots as well as canal intricacies determines the prognosis of root filled teeth. This case series presents four individual case reports depicting the variability of canal space.......

Keywords: Extraneous root, Radix Entomolaris, C shaped canals, AH Plus sealer

[1] Chandra Ss, Nagar S. Radix Entomolaris In Permanent Mandibular First Molars–Case Series And Literature Review. Ijrd 2014;3(3):78–87.
[2] Shravani Sg, Karunakar P, Malleshwar S. Extraneous Canals In Endodontics: A Series Of Case Reports. Adv Dent Oral Health. 2015;1(1): 555553.
[3] Ratnakar P, Saraf Pa, Patil Tn, Karan S. Endodontic Management Of Radix Entomolaris: Two Case Reports. Endodontology 2018;30:163-5
[4] Carlsen O, Alexandersen V. Radix Paramolaris In Permanent Mandibular Molars: Identification And Morphology. Scand J Dent Res. 1991;99:189–95.
[5] Bolla N, Kavuri Sr, Sriram Sk. Radix Entomolaris: Report Of 3 Cases. J Orofac Sci 2010;2(1):43-45.

Abstract: The goal of preventive prosthodontics is to highlight the significance of any surgery that can postpone or completely prevent future prosthodontic issues. In terms of preventive prosthodontics, the overdenture is a therapeutic option that is supported by science. Overdentures have been fitted with a variety of attachments to improve retention. Because rare earth magnets like Sm-Co and Nd-Fe-B may be produced in small sizes as retentive devices for complete dentures, detachable partial dentures, obturators, and maxillofacial prosthesis, their application for increasing retention has been widely used in the field of prosthodontics. This article presents a simple method of fabricating mandibular over denture retained by magnets in a patient whose mandibular residual ridge was severely resorbed with few remaining teeth and opposed by maxillary complete denture.

Keywords: Overdenture, tooth supported, magnet-retained, retention, stability

[1] Hu F, Gong Y, Bian Z, Et Al. Comparison Of Three Different Types Of Two-Implant-Supported Magnetic Attachments On The Stress Distribution In Edentulous Mandible. Comput Math Methods Med. 2019;2019:6839517. Published 2019 Apr 8.
[2] Paola Ceruti, Ross Bryant, Jun-Ho Lee, Michael I. Macentee Magnet-Retained Implant-Supported Overdentures: Review And 1-Year Clinical Report J Can Dent Assoc 2010;76:A52
[3] Utari Kresnoadi 1, *, Muhammad Genadi Askandar 2 And Pramesti Prirastika Magnetic Attachment For Complete Overdenture: A Case Report World Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews, 2023, 19(02), 1108–1115
[4] Anupam P, Anandakrishna Gn, Vibha S, Suma J, Shally K. Mandibular Overdenture Retained By Magnetic Assembly: A Clinical Tip. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2014;14(Suppl 1):328-333.
[5] Janya, Suma; Gubrellay, Priyanka; Purwar, Anupam1,; Khanna, Shally1. Magnet Retained Mandibular Overdenture: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Journal Of Interdisciplinary Dentistry 3(1):P 43-46, Jan–Apr 2013

Abstract: Background: Immunization is the most efficacious and low-cost strategy to save the lives of children and prevent dangerous communicable diseases. In order to develop the highest level of protection against diseases, children should be fully vaccinated as per the schedule and at the right age. Complete vaccination to children is a successful way of reducing the infant mortality rate, and to make zero dropouts and achieve 100% vaccination, vaccines should be administered as per scheduled time......

Keywords: Knowledge, Compliance, Routine immunization schedule, Mothers of under-five Tertiary institution.

[1] Unicef. Immunization Website. Available At: Https://Data.Unicef.Org/Topic/Child-Health/Immunization/, Accessed May 2020.
[2] Joseph, J., Devarashetty, V., Reddy, S. N., & Sushma, M. (2017). Parents' Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice On Childhood Immunization. International Journal Of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 4(6), 1201–1207. Https://Doi.Org/10.18203/2319-2003. Ijbcp20151359
[3] Unicef. (2021). Unicef Data: Monitoring The Situation Of Children And Women. Https:// Data.Unicef.Org/Topic/Child-Health/Immunization/.[4]
Who | Infant Mortality. (2019). Who. Http://Www.Who.Int/Gho/Child_Health/Mortali Ty/Neonatal_Infant/En/.
[5] Bhatia, A., Krieger, N., & Subramanian, S. V. (2019). Learning From History About Reducing Infant Mortality: Contrasting The Centrality Of Structural Interventions To Early 20th-Century Successes In The United States To Their Neglect In Current Global Initiatives. Milbank Quarterly, 97(1), 285–345. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/1468- 0009.12376

Abstract: Osteoma of external auditory canal is a rare, slow growing benign tumor with an estimated incidence of 0.05%. Osteoma in external auditory canal is usually asymptomatic but can cause symptoms such as conductive hearing loss, aural fullness in large osteoma occluding the external auditory canal. Osteoma is diagnosed by clinical presentation, radiological and histological investigations. We present a case report of 28year old female with left external auditory canal osteoma with dehiscent facial ridge and complete tympanic membrane and malleus erosion.

Keywords: Osteoma, External auditory canal, Exostosis, Temporal bone, Radiological

[1] Vishwanath B (2007) A Case Of Osteoma With Cholesteatoma Of Eac And Cerebellar Abscess. Int J Pediatr Otolaryngol 2(1):34–39
[2] Fisher Ew, Mamanus Tc (1994) Surgery For Eac Exostoses And Osteoma. J Laryngeal Otol 108:106–110
[3] Lee Dh, Jun Bc, Park Cs, Et Al. A Case Of Osteoma With Cholesteatoma In The External Auditory Canal. Auris Nasus Larynx 2005; 32(3): 281–284.
[4] Iaccarino I, Bozzetti F, Piccioni Lo, Et Al. A Case Of External Auditory Canal Osteoma Complicated With Cholesteatoma, Mastoiditis, Labyrinthitis And Internal Auditory Canal Pachymeningitis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2019; 39(5): 358–362.
[5] Salami A, Mora R, Dellepiane M, Et Al. Piezosurgery For Removal Of Symptomatic Ear Osteoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 267(10): 1527–1530

Abstract: Odontomas are hamartomas comprised of dental tissues, including enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp. There are two types of odontomas – compound and complex. Compound odontomas are comprised mainly of well-organized tooth like structures, whereas complex odontomas are comprised mainly of disorganized conglomerates of dental tissues. It is usually asymptomatic and generally associated with unerupted or impacted teeth. Here we report a case of complex odontoma with the fact that early diagnosis of odontomas allows the adoption of a less complex and expensive treatment and ensures better prognosis.

Keywords: Compound odontoma, Complex odontoma, unerupted tooth.

[1] De Oliveira Bh, Campos V, Marçal S. Compound Odontoma – Diagnosis And Treatment: Three Case Reports. Pediatr Dent. 2001;23:151–7.
[2] Bagewadi Sb, Kukreja R, Suma Gn, Yadav B, Sharma H. Unusually Large Erupted Complex Odontoma: A Rare Case Report. Imaging Sci Dent. 2015;45:49–54.
[3] Neville Bw, Damm Dd, Allen Cm, Chi Ac. Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015 May 13. 674-675p.
[4]
Philipsen, H. P., Reichart, P. A., & Praetorius, F. (1997). Mixed Odontogenic Tumours And Odontomas. Considerations On Interrelationship. Review Of The Literature And Presentation Of 134 New Cases Of Odontomas. Oral Oncology, 33(2), 86–99.
[5] Kaneko M, Fukuda M, Sano T, Ohnishi T, Hosokawa Y. Microradiographic And Microscopic Investigation Of A Rarecase Of Complex Odontoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;86:131-4.

Abstract: Background: Ethics and professionalism, though interconnected, represent distinct aspects of professional conduct. Ethics are explicit guidelines that dictate acceptable behaviour within a profession, while professionalism encompasses personal attributes such as competence, reliability, and ethical integrity. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the attitude of recent medical graduates towards medical ethics and professionalism. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study explored the status of professionalism and ethics regarding knowledge, attitude and behavioural skills among graduates of different medical college hospitals in Bangladesh. This study period was July 2015 – June 2016. The sample size was 300 and a convenience sampling technique was adopted.......

Keywords: Professionalism, Ethics, Behavioral skills, Patient's satisfaction

[1] Harold P. The Guild Origins Of Professionalism And Codes Of Conduct. J Prof Ethics. 2007;12(4):56-67.
[2] Starr P. The Social Transformation Of American Medicine. New York: Basic Books; 1982.
[3] Wilkinson Tj, Wade Wb, Knock Ld. A Thematic Review Of Definitions Of Professionalism. Med Educ. 2009;43(3):563-71.
[4] Borkan Jm, Tuck Sb. Professionalism And Ethics In Medical Practice. Acad Med. 2003;78(8):789-94.
Doi:10.1097/01.Acm.0000086506.13243.0b
[5] Ginsburg S, Ginsburg E. The Role Of Ethics In Professional Identity Formation. J Med Ethics. 2012;38(5):305-10.
Doi:10.1136/Medethics-2011-100059

Abstract: Background: As postgraduate medical or dental education students, most of us will have come across Direct Observation of Procedural Skills or DOPS. DOPS promoted clinical effectiveness by evaluating practice-based skills in the authentic organizational context, and subsequently proactively feeding back the learning to learners. This scoping review sought to synthesize the work done in determining DOPS's effectiveness in enhancing clinical competencies in some fields of medicine and dentistry. Methods: The study was carried.........

Keywords: Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS), Clinical competencies, Postgraduate medical education, Dental education, Competency-based assessment, Training effectiveness

[1] Miller A, Archer J. Impact Of Workplace-Based Assessment On Doctors' Education And Performance: A Systematic Review. Bmj. 2010;341. Https://Doi.Org/10.1136/Bmj.C5064.
[2] Kumar N, Singh Nk, Rudra S, Pathak S. Effect Of Formative Evaluation Using Direct Observation Of Procedural Skills In Assessment Of Postgraduate Students Of Obstetrics And Gynecology: Prospective Study. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2017;5:1-5. Available From: Https://Pubmed.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/28124015.
[3] Kundra S, Singh T. Feasibility And Acceptability Of Direct Observation Of Procedural Skills To Improve Procedural Skills. 2014 Jan 15.
[4] Vleuten C, Schuwirth L, Scheele F, Driessen Ew, Hodges B. The Assessment Of Professional Competence: Building Blocks For Theory Development. 2010 Dec 1;24(6):703-719. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Bpobgyn.2010.04.001.
[5] Khaliq T. Effectiveness Of Direct Observation Of Procedural Skills (Dops) As An Assessment Tool In Surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2014;64(4).