iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-9 ~ September 2024

Abstract: This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate the oral and dental conditions of 100 bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. The study assessed oral pathologies, including root canal treatments, extractions, squamous cell carcinoma cases, oral prophylaxis procedures, and restorations. The findings provide valuable insights into the oral health challenges faced by BMT patients, emphasizing the need for specialized dental care and preventive measures in this vulnerable population.

Key Words: Bone marrow transplant, oral and dental evaluation, retrospective study, oral prophylaxis, root canal treatment, extractions, squamous cell carcinoma.

[1] Hong Ch, Napeñas Jj, Hodgson Bd, Stokman Ma, Mathersstauffer V, Elting Ls, Spijkervet Fkl, Brennan Mt (2010) A Systematic Review Of Dental Disease In Patients Undergoing Cancer Therapy. Support Care Cancer 18(8):1007–1021
[2] epstein Jb, Thariat J, Bensadoun R-J, Barasch A, Murphy Ba, Kolnick L, Popplewell L, Maghami E (2012) Oral Complications Of Cancer And Cancer Therapy. From Cancer Treatment To Survivorship. Ca Cancer J Clin 62:400–422
[3] Elad S, Raber-Durlacher Je, Brennan Mt, Saunders Dp, Mank Ap, Zadik Y, Quinn B, Epstein Jb, Blijlevens Nma, Waltimo T, Passweg Jr, Correa Mep, Dahllöf G, Garming-Legert Kue, Logan Rm, Potting Cmj, Shapira My, Soga Y, Stringer J, Stokman Ma, Vokurka S, Wallhult E, Yarom N, Beier Jensen S (2015) Basic Oral Care For Hematology-Oncology Patients And Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Position Paper From The Joint Task Force Of The Multinational Association Of Supportive Care In Cancer/International Society Of Oral Oncology (Mascc/Isoo) And The European Society For Blood And Marrow Transplantation (Ebmt). Support Care Cancer 23:223–236
[4] elad S, Garfunkel Aa, Or R, Michaeli E, Shapira My, Galili D (2003) Time Limitations And The Challenge Of Providing Infections – Preventing Dental Care To Hematopoietic Stem–Cell Transplantation Patients. Support Care Cancer 11:674–677
[5] Toljanic Ja, Bedard J-F, Larson Ra, Fox Jp (1999) A Prospective Pilot Study To Evaluate A New Dental Assessment And Treatment Paradigm For Patients Scheduled To Undergo Intensive Chemotherapy For Cancer.

Abstract: Oral rehabilitation encompasses the restoration of oral function, addressing issues related to the teeth, gums, and other oral structures. Dental implants have become the gold standard for the replacement of single or multiple missing teeth, but in individuals with poor oral hygiene, the accumulation of dental plaque biofilm can trigger a local immune and inflammatory host response leading to peri-implant mucositis (a reversible condition with localized therapies) or peri-implantitis (characterized by bone loss accompanied by a persistent immune and inflammatory host response). The presence of periodontal pathogens at sites with peri-implantitis has been reported in....

Keywords: Nervous system; Neuroinflammation; Periodontitis; Peri-implantitis; Neurodegenerative disorders

[1] Oral Health In America: Advances And Challenges [Internet]. Bethesda (Md): National Institute Of Dental And Craniofacial Research (Us); 2021 Dec. Section 3a, Oral Health Across The Lifespan: Working-Age Adults.
[2] Salvi, Ge, Aglietta, M, Eick S, Sculean A, Lang N P, Ramseier Ca. Reversibility Of Experimental Peri-Implant Mucositis Compared With Experimental Gingivitis In Humans. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2012; 23(2), 182–190.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/J.1600-0501.2011.02220.X
[3] Jemt T., Eriksson J. Implant Failures Before And After Peri-Implantitis Surgery: A Retrospective Study On 207 Consecutively Treated Patients. Clinical Implant Dentistry And Related Research,. 2020; 22(5), 567–573. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Cid.12931
[4] Bui Fq, Almeida-Da-Silva Cl, Huynh B, Trinh A, Liu J, Woodward J, Asadi H, Ojcius Dm. Association Between Periodontal Pathogens And Systemic Disease. Biomedical Jornal. 2019; 42(1):27–35. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Bj.2018.12.001.
[5] Sansores-España Ld, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Olivares-Sagredo K, Cafferata Ea, Martínez-Aguilar Vm, Vernal R, Paula-Lima Ac, Díaz-Zúñiga J. Oral-Gut-Brain Axis In Experimental Models Of Periodontitis: Associating Gut Dysbiosis With Neurodegenerative Diseases. Frontiers In Aging. 2020; 2:781582. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fragi.2021.781582.

Abstract: Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis is a rare and recently recognized condition, first described by Amitani et al. in the 1990s as fibrosis of the upper lobes and later recognized as a new clinicopathological entity by Frankel. In 2013, idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis was classified as a rare subtype in the international
classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. The disease can occur at any age, and the diagnosis is suspected in a patient with dyspnea and radiological presentation, characterized by fibrosis of the upper lobe of the pleural and subpleural pulmonary parenchyma. A definitive diagnosis is histopathological, characterized by dense intra-alveolar fibrosis with elastosis of the alveolar walls and fibrous thickening of the subpleural pleura, predominantly in the upper lobes. The disease....

Keywords: pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, pleural thickening, subpleural fibrosis, lung transplantation

[1] Revue des Maladies Respiratoires Actualités Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2016, Pages 108-110 Fibroélastose pleuro-parenchymateuse Idiopathic pleuro parenchymal fibroelastosis C. Goyard, P. Bonniaud
[2] Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: description of a novel clinicopathologic entity - Stephen K Frankel , Carlyne D Cool, David A Lynch, Kevin K Brown
[3] Travis WD, Costabel U, Hansell DM, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society statement: update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188: 733–748.
[4] Amitani R, Niimi A, Kuse F. Idiopathic pulmonary upper lobe fibrosis (IPUF). Kokyu 1992;11:693–639
[5] Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in patients with pulmonary disease secondary to bone marrow transplantation -Jan H von der Thüsen , David M Hansell, Masaki Tominaga, Paul A

Abstract: Cesarean section is the most commonly performed surgical delivery technique worldwide. The rates of cesarean section vary significantly across different countries and even between urban and rural areas, largely due to socioeconomic factors and varying levels of access to healthcare services. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the optimal cesarean section rate should be between 5% and 15%. However, this rate can increase significantly when the reasons for cesarean sections are not well understood. Maternal hypotension is a common complication following spinal anesthesia for cesarean sections, with an incidence of up to 60-70%. Postspinal hypotension (PSH) during cesarean sections has been associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.....

[1] Bayou Y. T., Mashalla Y. J. S., Thupayagale-Tshweneagae G. Patterns Of Caesarean-Section Delivery In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. African Journal Of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 2016;8(2):E1–E6. Doi: 10.4102/Phcfm.V8i2.953.
[2] Rout C. C., Rocke D. A., Gouws E. Leg Elevation And Wrapping In The Prevention Of Hypotension Following Spinal Anesthesia For Elective Cesarean Section. Anaesthesia. 1993;48(4):304–308. Doi: 10.1111/J.1365-2044.1993.Tb06948.X
[3] Das S, Mukhopadhyay S, Mandal M, Et Al. A Comparative Study Of Infusions Of Phenylephrine, Ephedrine And Phenylephrine Plus Ephedrine On Maternal Hemodynamics In Elective Cesarean Section. Indian J Anaesth. 2011;55(6):578.

Abstract: Background: The gender disparity in incidence, aggressiveness and prognosis is well established for thyroid cancer but the cause of the disparity is poorly understood. Objective: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the gender difference in thyroid disease. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2013 to December 2015. The thyroid gland was assessed by palpation in all patients. Estimation of serum TSH concentrations were performed by automated immune chemiluminescent assay.....

Keywords: Gender, Thyroid cancer, Serum TSH, FT3 levels, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)..

[1] Yao R, Chiu Cg, Strugnell Ss, Gill S And Wiseman Sm. Gender Differences In Thyroid Cancer: A Critical Review. Expert Rev. Endocrinol. Metabol. 2011; 6(2), 215–243.
[2] Cerfolio Rj, Bryant As, Scott E, Sharma M, Robert F, Spencer Sa, Garver Ri. Women With Pathologic Stage I, Ii, And Iii Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Have Better Survival Than Men. Chest. 2006;130(6):1796-802.
[3] Kilfoy Ba, Devesa Ss, Ward Mh, Zhang Y, Rosenberg Ps, Holford Tr, Anderson Wf. Gender Is An Age-Specific Effect Modifier For Papillary Cancers Of The Thyroid Gland. Cancer Epidemiology And Prevention Biomarkers. 2009;18(4):1092-100.
[4] Naugler We, Sakurai T, Kim S, Maeda S, Kim K, Elsharkawy Am, Karin M. Gender Disparity In Liver Cancer Due To Sex Differences In Myd88-Dependent Il-6 Production. Science. 2007;317(5834):121-4.
[5] Ortega J, Sala C, Flor B, Lledo S: Efficacy And Cost–Effectiveness Of The Ultracision Harmonic Scalpel In Thyroid Surgery: An Analysis Of 200 Cases In A Randomized Trial. J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech. A 2004; 14: 9–12.

Abstract: Résumé: Les pneumopathies interstitielles diffuses (PID) chroniques représentent un groupe diversifié de maladies pulmonaires avec des étiologies variées, principalement les connectivites, la sarcoïdose et la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI). Cette étude descriptive a pour objectif de caractériser les profils épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques et étiologiques des PID chroniques en fonction du sexe. Les résultats de notre série révèlent des différences étiologiques significatives entre les sexes : les connectivites et la sarcoïdose prédominent chez les femmes, tandis que les hommes sont plus souvent touchés par la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique, la silicose et les PID du fumeur.......

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Abstract: This case study investigates the possible efficacy of Yoga and Naturopathy therapies for controlling uterine fibroids. A 51-year-old lady with a big subserous fibroid (64mm x 47mm) and symptoms of excessive bleeding and discomfort underwent a six-month treatment regimen that included Yoga, hydrotherapy, mud therapy, and dietary/lifestyle changes. Ultrasound revealed that the fibroid size (58mm x 40mm) had significantly shrunk following the intervention. This instance implies that Yoga and Naturopathy may have a role in the management of fibroids, presumably through their combined impact on inflammation, oxidative stress, and overall health. Further study with bigger cohorts is required to corroborate these results.

Keywords: Uterine Fibroids; Yoga Therapy; Naturopathy; Holistic Health; Fibroid Reduction.

[1] Wise La, Laughlin-Tommaso Sk. Uterine Leiomyomata. In: Women And Health, Second Edition. Elsevier; 2012. P. 285–305.
[2] Okolo S. Incidence, Aetiology And Epidemiology Of Uterine Fibroids. Vol. 22, Best Practice And Research: Clinical Obstetrics And Gynaecology. 2008. P. 571–88.
[3] Sefah N, Ndebele S, Prince L, Korasare E, Agbleke M, Nkansah A, Et Al. Uterine Fibroids — Causes, Impact, Treatment, And Lens To The African Perspective. Vol. 13, Frontiers In Pharmacology. Frontiers Media S.A.; 2023.
[4] Gupta S, Jose J, Manyonda I. Clinical Presentation Of Fibroids. Vol. 22, Best Practice And Research: Clinical Obstetrics And Gynaecology. 2008. P. 615–26.
[5] Florence Am, Fatehi M. Leiomyoma. 2024.

Abstract: Introduction: Congenital Heart Disease is the most common congenital abnormality in newborns and has been recognized as one of the leading causes of death in the first year of life. The global incidence of CHD is estimated at 8 per 1000 live births. Using pulse oximetry critical and many of the asymptomatic CHD can be identified in the immediate post natal period. This strategy will help in early identification and its intervention.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of pulse oximetry as a screening tool for detection of CHD in asymptomatic newborn....

Keywords: Pulse oximetry, screening test, newborn, congenital heart disease

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Abstract: Background Internal jugular vein (IJV) ectasia is an uncommon condition, often presenting as a soft, compressible neck swelling that exacerbates with actions increasing intrathoracic pressure, such as straining or coughing. This condition typically affects one side of the neck and is more common in children and young adults. The IJV plays a crucial role in draining the head and neck and is an important surgical landmark for various structures. Deviations.....

Keywords: Phlebactasia, Internal Jugular Vein, Common Crotid Artery

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Abstract: Introduction The treatment of lumbar metastatic burst fractures without neurologic deficit can be approached using a one-stage posterior-only corpectomy and fusion technique. This technique involves the removal of the affected vertebral body and its replacement with an expandable titanium cage to provide stability and promote fusion. Case Report We describe our initial experience with the case of a 36-year-old female who presented with spinal nerve compression.....

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Abstract: There is an apprehension that there may be another pandemic which is lurking and may invade us at any time. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Mucormycosis, also known as the black fungus infection, which is an opportunistic infection became common throughout India in COVID survivors. Decreased counts of commensal bacteria on human hands caused by increased usage of hand sanitizer due to the pandemic may be the cause of this black fungus plague. To conduct this experiment, 5 volunteers had their palms swabbed three different times. The first swab was for the control batch, with nothing applied. The second swab was taken after herbal hand sanitizer was used by....

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Abstract: Combining post-endodontic restoration with aesthetic rehabilitation has always been challenging. For a long time, the Richmond crown has been used in conjunction with post and core assembly when the remaining tooth structure is too fragile to support a sizable prosthetic crown. In such cases achieving retention from the root is of paramount importance, a concept which actually originally dates back to more than two centuries ago. (1) Common challenges encountered while dealing with restoration of structurally compromised teeth includes fracture of the remaining structure, perforations, encroachment of biologic width etc. Therefore, treatment options should be explored with an informed plan. The Richmond crown, an integrated approach that combines the crown and post into a single unit, offers.....

[1] Smith Ct, Schuman Nj, Wasson W. Biomechanical Criteria For Evaluating Prefabricated Post-And-Core Systems: A Guide For The Restorative Dentist. Quintessence Int. 1998; 29:305-312
[2] Smith Ct, Schuman N. Prefabricated Post-And-Core Systems: An Overview. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1998; 19:1013-1020.
[3] Saraswat A, Nagpal A, Paul R, Pratap R. Esthetic And Functional Rehabilitation Of Maxillary Anterior Teeth By Richmond Crown: A Case Report. Hecs Int J Comm Health Med Res. 2019; 5:68–71
[4] Antariksha Dod, Anil Kumar K. Managing Fractured Central Incisor With Richmond Crown –A Case Report J. Of Applied Dental And Medical Sciences Nlm Id: 101671413 Issn:2454-2288 Volume 2 Issue 1 January - March 2016
[5] Dr. Parul Pandey, 2016. "Managing Fractured Incisor With Richmond Crown- A Case Report", International Journal Of Current Research, 8, (11), 41770-41774.

Abstract: Introduction: The neonatal disease pattern is a sensitive indicator of the availability, utilisation and effectiveness of mother and child health services in the community. Community based data are difficult to come by, so hospital based data most often is use to assess the burden of neonatal problems. Aim: To determine the pattern of morbidity, mortality and outcome of neonates admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022.....

Keywords: Admission, Outcome, Neonates, Special Care Baby Unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto.

[1] Abdellahi Weddih Et Al. Prevalence And Factors Associated With Neonatal Mortality Among Neonates Hospitalized At The National Hospital Nouakchott, Mauritania. Pan African Medical Journal. 2019; 34:152.
[2] Akinyemi, Jo; Bamgboye, Ea; Ayeni, O (2015). Trends In Neonatal Mortality In Nigeria And Effects Of Bio-Demographic And Maternal Characteristics. Bmc Pediatrics.
[3] Atlaw Wd & Shiferaw E. Admission And Outcome Patterns Among Neonates Admitted To The Federal Police Referral Hospital's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal Of Pediatrics And Child Health, 2022, 17(1):21-30
[4] Fajolu Ib, Satrom Km, Ezenwa Bn, Kein Ac, Slusher Tm, Ezeaka Vc. Current Trends In Neonatal Morbidity And Mortality: Experiences From A Tertiary Center In Lagos, Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022; 25:107(3):617–23.
[5] Mcgil Ugwu, Gi.Pattern Of Morbidity And Mortality In The Newborn Special Care Unit In A Tertiary Institution In The Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria: A Two Year Prospective Study. Global Advanced Research Journal Of Medicine And Medical Sciences 2012; 1:133-138.

Abstract: Background: The treatment of fracture neck of femur with bipolar prosthetic replacement is commonly performed using cemented and non-cemented implants. This study compares the clinical outcomes, complications, and patient satisfaction between these two methods in rural hospitals of Bangladesh. Methods: This comparative study was conducted in rural hospitals of the Kishorganj district, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2023, to evaluate the outcomes of cemented versus non-cemented bipolar prosthetic replacement in patients with femoral neck fractures...

Key words: Fracture neck of femur, Cemented bipolar prosthesis, Non-cemented bipolar prosthesis, Hip replacement, Prosthetic replacement

[1]. Parker MJ, Gurusamy KS. Arthroplasties (with and without bone cement) for proximal femoral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;6(6).
[2]. Yoon BH, Lee YK, Ha YC, Koo KH. Cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture in elderly patients: A comparison of minimally invasive and conventional approaches. Hip Int. 2021;31(1):91-6.
[3]. Rogmark C, Leonardsson O. Hip arthroplasty for the treatment of displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-B(3):291-7.
[4]. Langslet E, Frihagen F, Opland V, Madsen JE, Nordsletten L, Figved W. Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: 5-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(4):1291-9.
[5]. Inngul C, Enocson A, Lapidus LJ. Cemented versus uncemented hip arthroplasty in patients aged 80 years and older: A randomized controlled trial. Bone Joint J. 2015;97-B(11):1475-80..