iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2016

Abstract: Introduction: Mortality and morbidity are highest in low birth weight babies who constitute approximately 25% of all live births in India. Aims: To compute the rate and determine the determinants of mortality and morbidity of low birth weight babies at a medical college hospital.

Keywords: Morbidity, Mortality, LBW, SGA

[1]. SohelyYasminet.al ., Neonatal mortality of low-birth-weight infants in Bangladesh,Bulletin of the World Health Organization,79, 2001, 608–614.
[2]. Lt.ColPK.Bhatnagar, Study of Low Birth Weight Neonates.MJAFI56, 2000, 293-295.
[3]. D. Manikyamba, N. Madhavi, Morbidity and Mortality Profile of LBW Babies and Their Growth and Neurodevelopment Outcome at 1 year- NICU, Government General Hospital, Kakinada,Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 3(4B), 2015, 1721-1725.
[4]. Kutubur Rahman , A. R. Bhuyan et al., Incidence and clinical profile of low birth weight (LBW) babies: A rural tertiary care hospital based study,The New Indian Journal of OBGYN. 2(1), 2015, 43-45.
[5]. NegiKS,KandpalSD,Kukreti, EpidemiologicalFactors Affecting Low Birth Weight,JK Science, 8(1), 2006, 31–34.

Abstract: Context: Most of the social, academic and life skills behaviors develop during adolescence. Habit of substance abuse develops during teenage. Unlike tobacco, alcohol does not only cause harm to its user, but it has its effects on families and community at large. Experimentation with alcohol in earlier years of life has more ruinous effect in later part of life.

Keywords: Adolescent, High School, Alcohol, Behavior, Bhubaneswar

[1]. Park K. Park's Textbook Preventive and Social Medicine,23rd edition.Jabalpur:Banarsidas Bahnot;2015.p-834.
[2]. WHO. Alcohol Fact sheet from [Updated on January 2015; citied 23.01.16]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs349/en/
[3]. WHO. India 2014: Alcohol Consumption: Levels and Pattern [citied 23.01.16]. Available from: www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/profiles/ind.pdf
[4]. Govt of India (2012), Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2010, Report No1 of 2012, Office of Registrar General and Census Commissioner India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi.
[5]. Hawkins JD, Graham JW, Maguin E, Abbott R, Hill KG, Catalano RF. Exploring the effects of age of alcohol use initiation and psychosocial risk factors on subsequent alcohol misuse. J Stud Alcohol 1997; 58:280–90.

Abstract: Acquired perforating dermatosis (APD) is an uncommon cutaneous perforating disorder, frequently associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic renal failure (CRF). This skin disorder may also develop in association with other systemic disorders like malignancy......

Keywords: Acquired perforating dermatosis, dermoscopy, oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, Reactive perforating collagenosis

[1] Saray, Y., Seçkin, D. and Bilezikçi, B. Acquired perforating dermatosis: clinicopathological features in twenty-two cases. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2006;20:679–688.
[2] Pedragosa R, Knobel HJ, Huguet P et al. Reactive perforating collagenosis in Hodgkin's disease. Am J Dermatopathol 1987; 9: 41–44.
[3] Henry JC, Jorizzo JL, Apisarthanarax P. Reactive perforating collagenosis in the setting of prurigonodularis. Int J Dermatol 1983; 22: 386–387.
[4] Kittisak P, Tanaka M. Dermoscopic findings in a case of reactive perforating collagenosis. Dermatology Practical & Conceptual 2015;5(2):75-77.
[5] Wang H, Yosipovitch G. New insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic itch in patients with End-stage renal disease, Chronic liver disease and Lymphoma. International journal of dermatology 2010;49(1):1-11.

Abstract:Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, have a clinically relevant analgesic action but also a hypotensive action, when administered spinally. In this study, therefore, the analgesic, hemodynamic effects of intrathecal clonidine were studied in patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Sixty patients of ASA I-II were randomly divided to two groups...

Keywords:...

[1]. David LB. Spinal, epidural and caudal anesthesia. In: Miller RD, editor. Miller's Anesthesia. 6 th ed, Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p. 1653-83.
[2]. Local anesthetics. In: Collins VJ, editor. Principles of Anesthesiology. 3 rd ed, Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1993. p. 1232-81.
[3]. Shetty PS, Picard J. Adjuvant agents in regional anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care Med 2006;7:407-10.
[4]. Chaney MA. Side effects of intrathecal and epidural opioids. Can J Anaesth 1995;42:891-903.
[5]. Eisenach JC. Overview: First international symposium on α2 adrenergic mechanisms of spinal anesthesia. Reg Anaesth 1993;18 (4S):i-vi.

Abstract: Aims : To study clinical and hematological profile of patient with plasmodium Vivax malarial infection & study complication and outcome of plasmodium Vivax malaria infection in tertiary care hospital.

Methods: General information, General examination, Clinical examination, Investigations, Complications It was explained to all study participants that the information will be kept confidential. The research was a part of thesis dissertation and that the results would be used for improving services.

Keywords: P. Vivax-Plasmodium vivax, PI-Parasitic index, Hb-Hemoglobin, Plt- Platelets

[1]. Patel Ameetkumari, Jain Sudha, Patel Bhavin, Modi Bhautik. Hematological changes in p.falciparum & P.vivax malaria. National journal of medical research 2013 Apr-June;3(2):130-133.
[2]. World malaria report 2014.Geneva: World health organization; 2014.
[3]. Naik Bolar Sadananda. Incidence of Jaundice in Plasmodium Vivax Malaria: A Prospective Study in Moodabidri, South India. Malays J Med Sci 2014 Jul-Aug;21(4):24-27.
[4]. Muley Arti, Lakhani Jitendra, BhirudSaurabh, Patel Abhinam. Thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium vivax Malaria: How Significant?. Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014 May-June. 1-4.
[5]. Arevalo-Herrera, Lopez-Perez Mary, Medina Luz, Morena Alberto, Gutierez Juan B, Herera Socrates. Clinical profile of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in low and unstable malaria transmission settings of Colombia. Malaria Journal 2015 ;14:1-11.

Abstract: Newborns frequently undergo numerous painful skin pricking procedures. Many environmental, behavioural, non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions are available for the management and prevention of pain in neonates and older children. As analgesic medications are deemed to be harmful in neonates, emphasis has been centred on non-pharmacological measures. Breast milk and sweet tasting solutions, like sucrose, glucose etc.............

Keywords: Oral glucose, expressed breast milk, pain, newborns.

[1]. Zeltzer LK, Krane JE. Pediatric pain management. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St
[2]. Geme WJ,Schor NF, Behrman, eds. Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2012. pp. 360-375.
[3]. Anand KJS, Hickey PR. Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus. N Eng J Med.1987; Vol 317:1321-1329.
[4]. Lago P, Garetti E, Merazzi D, Pieragostini L et al. Guidelines for procedural pain in the newborn. Acta Paediatr.2009;98:932–939.
[5]. Batton DG, Barrington KJ, Wallman C, Finley GA. Prevention and Management of Pain in the Neonate: An Update. Pediatrics. 2006 Nov; Vol. 118 (5) :2231-2241.

Abstract: Phyllodes tumor are biphasic breast tumors occurring usually in adult females and are composed of benign epithelial component and a cellular spindle cell stroma forming leaf like structure. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, mammography/sonography and FNAC but final diagnosis is based on histological findings. Benign tumors are treated by lumpectomy while recurrent tumors, malignant tumors and massive tumor require mastectomy without axillary dissection............

Keywords: Phyllodes, cystosarcoma, Clinicopathological study, breast tumour

[1]. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] (1981)392;1-6
[2]. Puay-Hoon Tan MD, Thiyagrajan jayabaskar, Khoon-Leong Chuah. Phyllodes tumor of the breast. The role of pathologic parameters. Am J Clin pathol 2006;123:529-40
[3]. Lee BJ, Pack GT, Giant intracanalicular fibro-adenomyxoma of the breast . The so called cystosarcoma phyllodes mammae of Johannes Muller. Am J Cancer 1931;15: 2583-2609
[4]. Stephenson HE Jr, Gross S,Gumport SL, Meyer HW, Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast.A review of the literature with the addition of 15 new cases. Ann surg 1952;136:856-63
[5]. Gray H: The lymphatic system. In Clemente CD (ed): Anatomy of the human body, ed 30, Philadelphia, 1985, Lea and Febiger

Abstract: Obturator hernia is a rare form of internal hernia in the world, diagnosed late since it has no specific symptoms and findings and generally occur in thin and old women with comorbidities. For this reason obturator hernia has high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, we present a case of 75 years old female patient with Right sided obturator hernia which presented with features of intestinal obstruction and was diagnosed on computerized tomography.............

Keywords: Computerized tomography, Ritcher's Type of hernia, obturator hernia, small bowel obstruction

[1]. Nasir BS, Zendejas B, Ali SM, et al. Obturator hernia: the Mayo Clinic experience. Hernia. 2012;16:315–9.
[2]. Hsu CH, Wang CC, Jeng LB, et al. Obturator hernia: a report of eight cases. Am Surg 1993; 59: 709–11.
[3]. Schmidt PH, Bull WJ, Jeffery KM, et al. Typical versus atypical presentation of obturator hernia. Am Surg 2001; 67: 191–5.
[4]. Nishina M, Fujii C, Ogino R, et al. Preoperative diagnosis of obturator hernia by computed tomography. Semin Ultrasound CT MR
2002; 23: 193–6.
[5]. Lo CY, Lorentz TZ, Lau PW. Obturator hernia presenting as small bowel obstruction. Am J Surg 1994; 167: 396–8.

Abstract: Hydatid disease is a preventable parasitic disease caused by the Echinococcus, a tapeworm. Even in this 21st century, it is still not eradicated. Hence, even now we should know about hydatidosis. This review article includes a brief introduction followed by pathology. The various clinical features are discussed in detail. The common complications and some unusual complications are mentioned.............

Keywords:Hydatidosis; Echinococcus.

[1]. Torgerson PR. The emergence of echinococcosis in Central Asia. Parasitology 2013 May; 10:1-7.
[2]. Siracusano A, Delunardo F, Teggi A, Ortona E. Host, parasite relationship in cystic echinococcosis: an evolving study. Clin Der Immunolog 2012; 20: 362-369.
[3]. Miroslav M. Echinococcal cyst- Open Approach. In: Joseph E Fischer Ed. Fischer‟s Mastery of Surgery, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Walkings; 2012:1189-1211.
[4]. Eckert J, Deplases P. Biological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev Jan 2004; 17(1):107-35.
[5]. Heath DD. Immunology of echinococcal infection.In: Thompson R. Lymberg AJ eds. Echinococcus and Hydatid disease. Wallingford. Oxon: CAB internationals 1995; 185-200.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With approximately 10% of people affected, it is one of the major diseases causing socio-economic challenges to the society. Type 2 DM is emerging as the leading cause for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) across nations.............

Keywords: Myeloperoxidase, Diabetes mellitus, nephropathy

[1]. World Health Organization. Global Health Estimates: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex and Country, 2000-2012. Geneva, WHO,
2014.
[2]. Holliday E. Hints of Unique Genetic Effects for Type 2 Diabetes in India. Diabetes. 2013;62(5):1369-1370.
[3]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the
United States, 2014. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2014.
[4]. Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(Suppl 1):S85-S89.
[5]. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care. Diabetes Care. 2014;38(Suppl 1):S58-S66.

Abstract: Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived adipocytokine which appears in diminished concentrations in a number of processes linked to cardiovascular disease, such as type2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between adiponectin, lipid profile, and atherogenic index in type2 diabetic patients.This study enrolled 60 type2 diabetic male subjects attend to the National Diabetic Center (Al-Mustansiyriyah University) Baghdad, Iraq; and 30 subjects serves as a control group.............

Keywords: Adiponectin, lipid profile, type 2 diabetes.

[1] Havel PJ. Control of energy homeostasis and insulin action by adipocyte hormones: leptin, acylation stimulating protein, and adiponectin. Curr Opin Lipidol 2002;13:51–9.
[2] Ahima RS, Qi Y, Singhal NS, Jackson MB, Scherer PE. Brain adipocytokine action and metabolic regulation. Diabetes 2006;55:S145–54.
[3] Chandran M, Phillips SA, Ciaraldi T, Henry RR. Adiponectin: more than just another fat cell hormone? Diabetes Care 2003;26: 2442–50.
[4] Lindsay RS, Funahashi T, Hanson RL, Matsuzawa Y, Tanaka S, Tataranni PA, et al. Adiponectin and development of type 2 diabetes in the Pima Indian population. Lancet 2002;360:57–8.
[5] Cho E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB: The impact of diabetes mellitus and prior myocardial infarction on mortality from all causes and from coronary heart disease in men. J Am Coll Cardiol 40:954–960, 2002.

Abstract: Diabetes is a global public health challenge with negative impacts on all countries. Zimbabwe, with a prevalence of diabetes of 9,7% is ranked 4th among African countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes. Prevalence of GDM, which is hyperglycaemia first detected during pregnancy, closely follows underlying prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population. Anti-diabetic therapy includes diet exercise and medications. Adherence to long term therapies is generally problematic. GDM if left untreated, causes a number of adverse perinatal outcomes including preeclampsia, preterm labour, still births, neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal deaths..............

Keywords: Adherence, diabetes mellitus, gestational, perinatal outcomes

[1] Mbanya, J. C., Motala, A. A., Sobngwi, E., Assah, F. K., & Enoru, S. T. (2010). Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet.375 (9733), 2254-2266
[2] World Health Organisation.(2012).World health statistics 2012. Geneva: World Health Organisation
[3] Peer, N., Kengne, A. P., Motala, A. A., & Mbanya, J. C. (2013). Diabetes in the Africa region: an update. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 103 (2), 197-205
[4] International Diabetes Federation.(2013). IDF global guidelines for managing older people with type two diabetes.
[5] Macaulay, S., Dunger, D. B., & Norris, S. A. (2014). Gestational diabetes in Africa: A systematic review. Plos One 9 (6), e97871

Abstract: In this Paper, we considered MIMO-Spatial Multiplexing with Adaptive Power Allocation and Fixed-Power Allocation for high-speed data transmission over fading channels. We first review results for the Shannon Capacity of fading channels with channel side Information, where capacity is achieved using adaptive transmission techniques. We then derive the spectral efficiency of our proposed modulation. We show that there is a constant power gap between the spectral efficiency of our proposed technique and the channel capacity, and this gap is a simple function of the required Bit-Error Rate (BER)............

Keywords: Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) System, Adaptive Modulation, Power Allocation, Spectral Efficiency, Spatial Multiplexing and Frequency-Selective Rayleigh Fading Channel.

[1] S.T. Chung and A.J. Goldsmith, "Degrees of freedom in adaptive modulation: a unified view," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.49, no.9, pg 1561-1571, Sep. 2001.
[2] A.J. Goldsmith and S.G. Chua," Variable-rate variable-power MQAM for fading channels IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 45, no.10, pg. 1218-1230, Oct. 1997.
[3] S.M. Alouini and A.J. Goldsmith, "Adaptive Modulation over Nakagami Fading Channels,Wireless Commun., vol. 13, no. 1-2, pg 119-143, May 2000.
[4] S.Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2001.

Abstract: Hearing loss is a major public health problem in developing countries. About 60% chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) patients have hearing loss with pattern and degree vary greatly. Conductive hearing loss is the most common pattern of hearing loss in CSOM but the infection and inflammation components transmit to the middle ear through round window can cause sensorineural hearing loss. The degree of hearing loss is determined by the size and site of tympanic membrane perforation, ossicles damage, and the presence of granulation tissue or cholesteatoma.............

Keywords: Cholesteatoma,CSOM, hearing loss, tubotympanic type, tympanic membrane perforation

[1] Islam M, Islam R, Bhuiyan M, Rashid S, And Datta P, Pattern And Degree Of Hearing Loss In Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, Bangladesh Journal Of Otorhinolaryngology,16(2), 2010, 96-105.
[2] Monasta L, Ronfani L, Marchetti F, Montico M, Brumatti L, Bavcar A, Et Al, Burden Of Disease Caused By Otitis Media: A Systematic Review And Global Estimates, Plos One, 7(4), 2012, E36226.
[3] Baumann I, Gerendas B, Plinkert P, And Pratorius M, General And Disease-Specific Quality Of Life In Patients With Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media - A Prospective Study, Health And Quality Of Life Outcomes, 9(1), 2011, 48-53.
[4] Acuin J, Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: Burden Illness And Management Options (Geneva: Word Health Organization, 2004).
[5] Djafar Z, Helmi, And Restuti R, Kelainan Telinga Tengah, In Soepardi E, Iskandar N, Bashiruddin J, Restuti RD (Eds.), Buku Ajar Ilmu Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok Kepala & Leher, 7th Ed (Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI, 2007) 64-86.

Abstract: Background: Jaundice in pregnancy, whilst relatively rare, has potentially serious consequences for maternal and fetal health. Aim: Determine the real burden of disease & impact of improved obstetric care on incidence, risk factors, management modalities and feto-maternal outcome of HEV hepatitis in pregnancy..............

Keywords: HEV jaundice in Pregnancy, perinatal morbidity & mortality, maternal morbidity & mortality

[1]. Viral hepatitis in the who South-east Asia Region: Know it, confront it-Hepatitis affects everyone everywhere http:www.searo.who.int/ as accessed on26/10/2013
[2]. Hoofnagle JH, Nelson KE, Purcell RH: Hepatitis E. N Engl J Med 367:13, 2012.
[3]. Labrique AB, Sikder SS, KrainLj, et al: Hepatitis E, a vaccine preventable cause of maternal deaths. Emerg Infect Dis 18(4):1401, 2012.
[4]. Borkakoti J, Hazzam RK, Mohammad A, et al: dose high viral load of hepatitis E virus influence the severity and prognosis of acute liver failure during pregnancy? Med Virol 85(4):620, 2013.
[5]. Caro M, Kazanji M: hepatitis E is highly prevalent among pregnant women in Global Central Africa with different patterns between rural and urban areas. Virology Journal 2008; 5:158.

Abstract: Background: Various Methods Of Measuring The Length Of The Papilla Have Been Introduced To Identify The Regeneration Of Interdental Papillae. Invasive Methods, Such As Bone Sounding Causes Discomfort To The Patient, And Can Cause Damage To The Gingival Unit. The Purpose Of The Study Was To Validate A Method Of Measuring The Length Of Interdental Papilla Non-Invasively, Using Radiopaque Material & A Periapical Radiograph..............

Keywords: Interdental Papillae, Bone Sounding

[1] Dong-Won Lee, Chong-Kwan Kim, Kwang-Ho Park, Kyoo-Sung Cho, Ik-Sang Moon: Non Invasive Method To Measure The Length Of Soft Tissue From The Top Of The Papilla To The Crestal Bone. J Periodontol 2005;76:1311-114
[2] Carlos E Nemcovsky, Ofer Moses, Zvi Artzi: Interproximal Papillae Reconstruction In Maxillary Implants. J Periodontol 2000;71:308-314
[3] Tarnow D.P, Magner AW, Fletcheer P: The Effect Of The Distance From The Contact Point To The Crest Of The Bone On The Presence Or Absence Of The Interproximal Dental Papilla. J Periodontol 1992;63:995-996
[4] Fermin R Carranza, Newman, Takie, Klokkevold: Textbook Of Clinical Periodontology 10th Edition.
[5] Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang NP: Clinical Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, 3rd Ed, Munksgaard; 1998:19-68

Abstract: Rubber band syndrome is a very rare condition due to forgotten band around various body parts leading to complications.A 3year old male child presented with complaint of swelling in the left distal forearm,wrist and palm since last 10-12 months.On clinical examinationCircumferential constricting scar with granulation tissue could be seen around the wrist and two discharging sinuses were noted along it's palmar aspect.Radiograph wrist was done which showed a circumferential soft tissue density with constriction in the wrist region.............

Keywords: Younger children, constriction band, surgical correlation, radiograph, ultrasound.

[1]. Kumar P, Kumar B, Singh K (1995) A constriction ring of the thigh secondary to a rubber band. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 95: 209-10.
[2]. Rasool MN, Stathoulis B (1996) Rubber band constriction of the wrist. J Hand Surg Br. Dec; 21(6): 806-7.
[3]. Arora A, Agarwal A (2004) Dhaga syndrome: a previously undescribed entity. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 86B: 282-84.
[4]. Aggarwal AN, Kini SG, Arora A, Singh AP, Gupta S, Gulati D (2010) Rubber band syndrome- high accuracy of clinical diagnosis. J PaediatrOrthop, Oct-Nov; 30(7): e1-4.
[5]. Swarup GC (1991) Progressive constriction band caused by blackmagic thread. J Hand Surg 16B:349

Abstract: In Orthodontics The Stability Of The Achieved Result Remains A Fundamental Issue Of Concern And Debate. Tirk Has Said "The Result Of Orthodontic Therapy – Good, Bad Or Indifferent Is Only Evident Many Years Out Of Retention" . Maintaining Teeth In Their Corrected Positions After Orthodontic Treatment Has Been And Continues To Be A Challenge . Usually A Retention Phase Is Required After Active Orthodontic Tooth Movement To Hold Teeth In Its Ideal Aesthetic And Functional Relation And Prevent The Teeth To Return To Their Former Position.............

Keywords: Fixed Orthodontic Retainer, Retention, Retainers, Relapse, Stability.

[1] Proffit WR. Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th Ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Mosby; 2013:754.
[2] Graber TM, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KWL. Orthodontics: Current Principles And
[3] Techniques, 4th Ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 2005.
[4] Graber TM, Vanarsdall RL. Orthodontics: Current Principles And Techniques, 2nd Ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 1994.
[5] Little RM. The Irregularitty Index: A Quantitative Score Of Mandibular Anterior Alignment. Am J Orthod 1975; 68 : 554-563..

Abstract: Ankylosis of temperomandibular joint (TMJ) involves fusion of mandibular condyle to the base of the skull. When it occurs in a child it can have devasting effects on the future growth and development of jaws and teeth. Furthermore in many cases it has a profoundly negative influence on the psychosocial development of the patient, because of the obvious facial deformity, which worsens with growth. This paper presents a case report of unilateral TMJ ankylosis diagnosed and successfully treated in a 9 year old male patient. achondropaaaaaachondroplasia..

Keywords: Trauma, Temperomandibular joint, Ankylosis

[1]. Row.N.C, Ankylosis of the temperomandibular joint.J. Roy Coll Edinb.1982; 67: 96-99.
[2]. Munro IR ,Chen YR, Park B.Y Simultaneous total correction of temperomandibular joint ankylosis and facial asymmetry. Plast. Reconst. Surg. 1986;77: 517-528.
[3]. Aggarwal.S, Mukhopadhya.S, Berry.M, Bhagore.S. Bony ankylosis of the temperomandibular joint. A computed tomographic study oral surg, oral med, oral patho. 1990; 69: 128-132.
[4]. Silver CM, Motomed M, carlothi A.E Arthroplasty of the temperomandibular joint with use of vitalium condyle prosthesis J. oral surgery 1977; 35:909-913.
[5]. Kazanjian VH , Ankylosis of the temperomandibular joint surgery . Gynecol, obset, 1938 ; 67 : 333-348.

Abstract: Retroperitoneal lymphangioma is a rare, benign mesodermal tumor arising from the retroperitoneal lymphatics which usually presents in infancy and it is worthy to report a case when it has presented in an adult. After a thorough literature search in English we concluded that less than 200 cases of adult retroperitoneal lymphangioma have been reported so far. Apart from being a rare entity it also presents as a diagnostic dilemma and final diagnosis is often made on surgical exploration.............

Keywords: Retroperitoneum, Cystic, Lymphangioma

[1]. Cutillo DP, Swayne LC, Cucco J, Dougan H. CT and MR imaging in cystic abdominal lymphangiomatosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1989;13:534–536.
[2]. de Perrot M, Rostan O, Morel P, Le Coultre C. Abdominal lymphangioma in adults and children. Br J Surg. 1998;85:395–397.
[3]. Koenig TR, Loyer EM, Whitman GJ, Raymond AK, Charnsangavej C. Cystic lymphangioma of the pancreas. AJR. 2001;177:1090.
[4]. A. Bonhomme, A. Broeders, R. H. Oyen, M. Stas, I. de Wever, and A. L. Baert, "Cystic lymphangioma of the retroperitoneum," Clinical Radiology, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 156–158, 2001.
[5]. D. M. Yang, D. H. Jung, H. Kim et al., "Retroperitoneal cystic masses: CT, clinical, and pathologic findings and literature review," Radiographics, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1353–1365, 2004.

Abstract: In Developing Countries Like India Where The Diseases Prevalence Among Infants, Children And Women Of Child Bearing Age Is Common Due To Poor Nutritional And Environmental Sanitation, Immunization Is An Important Means Of Protecting The Infants And Children Against The Most Injurious Diseases Like Diphtheria, Whooping Cough (Pertusis), Tetanus, Poliomyelitis, Measles And Tuberculosis And The Women Of Child Bearing Age Against Tetanus .

[1] Frenkel Ld, Nielsen K. Immunization Issues For The 21st Century. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003;90(Suppl 3):45-52.
[2] Park K. Principles Of Epidemiology And Epidemiologic Methods. Text Book Of Preventive And Social Medicine. Jabalpur: Banarasidas Bhanot Publishers, 2005.103 P
[3] India. Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare. Depart Ment Of Family Welfare. National Population Policy 2000. New Delhi: Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare, Government Of India, 2000. 37 P.
[4] Census Of India, 2011. Census Of India, Data Retrieved From Websit Http://Www.Censusindia.Gov.In/Vital_Statistics/Srs_Report/9chap%202%20-%202011.Pdf.
[5] Chandrasekhar S: Factors Affecting Age At Marriage And Age At First Birth In India. Journal Of Quantitative Economics, 2010 Vol 8 (No) 2..

Abstract: Labor induction implies stimulation of contractions before the spontaneous onset of labor, with or without ruptured membranes. Induction is indicated when the benefits to either mother or fetus outweigh those of continuing the pregnancy. Immediate indications include premature rupture of membranes with chorioamnionitis or severe preeclampsia. Common indications include premature rupture of membranes, gestational hypertension, non reassuring fetal heart rate, postdated pregnancy and various medical conditions such as chronic hypertension and diabetes.

[1]. American college of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists : Induction of labor practice bulletin 1999 a Nov; no. 10.
[2]. Labor induction and risk of cesarean delivery among nulliparous women at term AGOG green journal 2010.
[3]. Cunningham FG, Levino KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC Rouse DJ, Spong CY et al. Williams Obstetrics 24th ed.
[4]. CG 70 induction of labour: National Institute for health and clinical excellence full guidelines, 23 July 2008.
[5]. Royal college of Obstetrician and Gynecologist, induction of labor. Evidence based clinical guideline No. 9, June 2001.

Abstract: Cutaneous Draining Tracts Are Always A Diagnostic Dilemma Especially If It Occurs Away From The Offending Tooth. Lack Of Tooth Ache Or Other Discomforts Make The Clinician Often Skip Dental Etiology. This Paper Reports A Case Of Submental Draining Sinus Tract Which Was Misdiagnosed And Was Associated With Lower Central Incisors. It Also Confirms The Importance Of Proper Diagnosis And That, Adequate Disinfection Protocols When Followed, Can Lead To The Healing Of Even Long Standing Cutaneous Sinuses.

Keywords: Calcium Hydroxide, Cutaneous Sinus, Endodontic Therapy, Extra Oral Sinus

[1] Cantatore JL, Klein PA, Lieblich LM. Cutaneous Dental Sinus Tract, A Common Misdiagnosis: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature. Cutis [Internet]. 2002 Nov 1 [Cited 2016 Feb 21];70(5):264–7.
[2] Sato T, Suenaga H, Igarashi M, Hoshi K, Takato T. Rare Case Of External Dental Fistula Of The Submental Region Misdiagnosed As Inverted Follicular Keratosis And Thyroglossal Duct Cyst. Int J Surg Case Rep [Internet]. 2015 Jan [Cited 2016 Feb 20];16:39–43.
[3] Held JL, Yunakov MJ, Barber RJ, Et Al. Cutaneous Sinus Of Dental Origin: A Diagnosis Requiring Clinical And Radiologic Correlation. Cutis 1989; 43: 22-24. [Internet]. [Cited 2016 Feb 21].
[4] Mittal N, Gupta P. Management Of Extra Oral Sinus Cases: A Clinical Dilemma. J Endod [Internet]. 2004 Jul [Cited 2016 Feb 20];30(7):541–7.
[5] Fatouris PN. A Cautionary Tale. Case Report. Aust Dent J [Internet]. 2000 Mar 12 [Cited 2016 Feb 21];45(1):53–4.

Abstract: Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of infants with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a public health concern especially in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective: To assess the sero-status of HIV-exposed infants delivered by HIV-positive mothers between 2008- 2012 in health facilities of Imo State, Nigeria.

Keywords: Sero – status, HIV- exposed infants, Imo state.

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Abstract: Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) Is A Very Rare Autosomal Recessive Disorder Characterized By Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis And Severe Early Onset Of Destructive Periodontitis Leading To Premature Loss Of Both Primary And Permanent Dentitions. Here We Are Presenting Case Report Of Siblings Who Presented With Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis And Aggressive Periodontitis.

Keywords:Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome, Periodontitis, Palmoplantar, Hyperkeratosis, Cathepsin C

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[5] Toomes C, James J, Wood AJ et al. Loss-of-function mutations in the cathepsin C gene result in periodontal disease and palmoplantar keratosis. Nature Genetics

Abstract: Malaria is a major health problem in various parts of the world especially affecting the tropical countries. It affects the vital organs causing severe complicated malaria. Clinical syndromes like severe cerebral malaria,anaemia, coagulation abnormalities, respiratory distress and severe anaemia can increase the mortality of malaria infected cases. Variation in individual susceptibility and severity and type of clinical presentations of malaria raises the need for Study of both the parasite and host immune reactions as well as the contribution of inflammatory cytokines in malaria pathogenesis............

Keywords: Malaria, Immunopathology, Host, Parasites

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[4] Clark, I.A., Awburn, M.M., Harper, C.G., Liomba, N.G., Molyneux, M.E. Induction Of HO-1 In Tissue Macrophages And Monocytes In Fatal Falciparum Malaria And Sepsis. Malar. J. 2, 2003 , 41.
[5] Taylor, T.E., Fu, W.J., Carr, R.A., Whitten, R.O., Mueller, J.S., Fos-Iko, N.G., Lewallen, S., Liomba, N.G., Molyneux, M.E.. Differentiating The Pathologies Of Cerebral Malaria By Post-Mortem Parasite Counts. Nat. Med. 10, 2004, 143—145