iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2016

Abstract:Introduction: In India Copper T 300A Is Given Free Of Cost Under The Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare. Copper T 300A Is Safe, Simple Reliable And Cost-Effective Method Of Contraceptive. Purpose Of Study: The Objective Of The Present Study Was To Capture The Existing Practice In Use Of Copper T In Tertiary Set Up In North Eastern India. Methods And Materials:....

Keywords:Copper T, Parity, Tertiary, Contraceptives

[1] Andersson K,Odlind V,Rybo G. Levonorgestrel- Releasing And Copper Releasing(Nova T) Iuds During Five Years Of Use; Randomized Comparative Trail. Contraception.1994; 49:56-72
[2] Martin-Loeches M, Octi RM, Monfort M, Ortega E, Rius J. A Comparative Analysis Of The Modification Of Sexual Desire Of Users Of Oral Hormonal Contraceptives And Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2003-8:129-134.
[3] Rosenberg MJ, Foldesy R, Mishell DR Jr, Speroff L, Waugh MS, Burkman R. Performance Of The T Cu 380 A And Cu-Fix Iuds In An International Randomized Trial. Contraception. 1996; 53: 197-203.
[4] Long Acting Reversible Contraception The Effective And Appropriate Use Of Long Acting Reversible Contraception. Regents Park, London: National Collaborating Centre For Women's And Children's Health Commissioned By The National Institute For Health And Clinical Excellence, 2005 October 2005.

Abstract:Treatment of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures have been a challenge to the orthopaedic community owing to the inherent instability of the fractures and biomechanical properties of the implant used. Proximal femoral nailing with helical blade offers better stability, reduces operating time and blood loss compared to the extramedullary fixation devices used for fixation of these fractures. Subtrochanteric fractures are better stabilized with long PFNs. Proximal femoral nail with helical blade helps in early fracture union and restoration of function. Proximal femoral nail with helical blade helps in restoration of medial cortical continuity and preservation of lateral wall giving good results in unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

Keywords: proximal femoral nail, helical blade, intertrochanteric , subtrochanteric

[1] Delee JC, Clanton To, Rockwood CA. Closed treatment of sub trochanteric fractures of femur in modified cast-brace. J Bone and Joint Surgery Am 1981 ; 63: 773-779
[2] Jiang LS, Shen L, Dai LY. Intramedullary fixation of sub trochanteric fractures with a long proximal femoral nail or a gamma nail: Technical notes and preliminary results. Ann Acas Med Singapore. 2007; 36: 821-826
[3] J.Pjarinen, J. Lindahl, O. Michelson. Per trochanteric fractures treated with dynamic hip screw or a proximal femoral nail. . J Bone and Joint Surgery Br 2005; 87-B: 76-81.
[4] R.K.J. Simmermacher, A.M. Bosch, Chr. Van der Werrken. The AO/ASIF-proximal femoral nail: a new device for treatment of unstable proximal femoral fractures. Injury, Int. J. Care Injured 30 (1999) 327-332.
[5] Medoff RJ, Maes K. A new device for the fixation of unstable per trochanteric fractures of the hip. J. Bone Joint Surg. (A) 1991; 73-A: 1192-9.

Abstract: Genital porokeratosis is a rare form of porokeratosis which can occur in two ways : in isolated form or as a part of disseminated porokeratosis. The former one is much rarer and less than 50 such cases of isolated involvement of genitalia in porokeratosis has been reported so far. Being a inherited disorder of keratinization, usual mode of heritance is autosomal dominant. The aim of present report is to document another case of genital porokeratosis in a 55 years old male with negative family history.
Keywords: autosomal dominant, disseminated, genital porokeratosis

[1] Spencer LV. Porokeratosis. Available from: http://www. emedicine.com/derm/topic 343htm. [Last accessed on 2006 Oct 9]. Valdivielso-Ramo M. Genital porokeratosis: Case Reports. Actas Dermosi fi liog. 2008;99:217 20.
[2] Sharquie KE, AL-Baghdady BA. Solar facial porokeratosis. J Dermatol. 2003;30:216-21.
[3] Chen TJ, Chow YC, Chen CH, Kuo TT, Hong HS. Genital porokeratosis: A series of 10 patients and review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 2006;155:325-9. Sengupta S, Das JK, Gangopadhyay A. Multicentric squamous cell carcinoma over lesions of porokeratosis Palmaris et plantaris disseminata and giant porokeratosis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2005;71:414-6.
[4] Porter WM, Du P MenagÈ H, Philip G, Bunker CB. Porokeratosis of the penis. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:643-4. Robinson JB, Im DD, Jockle G, Roshenshein NB. Vulvar porokeratosis: Case report and review of literature. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1999;18:169-73.

AbstractThe incidence of HPV associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasing over the past 30 years. It is a growing public health concern. It has been reported that tissues of HPV associated HNSCCs over express p16INK4a . Therefore p16INK4a is used as a surrogate marker to detect HPV associated HNSCC. Immunohistochemical detection of p16INK4a is an easy and simple technique than molecular detection of HPVs. Hence we investigated the presence of p16INK4a in Non-Oropharyngeal (nasopharynx, hypopharynx and larynx)Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Non-OPSCC)....

Keywords: Head and neck cancer, HPV, Non-OPSCC, p16INK4a, Squamous cell carcinoma

[1]. Ferlay, J., Shin, H., Bray, F., Forman, D., Mathers, C. and Parkin, D. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. International Journal of Cancer. 2010; 127(12), pp.2893-2917.
[2]. Joshi, P., Dutta, S., Chaturvedi, P. and Nair, S. Head and Neck Cancers in Developing Countries. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2014; 5(2), p.e0009.
[3]. Hunter, K., Parkinson, E. and Thakker, N. An overview of the molecular pathology of head and neck cancer, and its clinical implications. Periodontology 2000. 2011; 57(1), pp.132-149.
[4]. Rousseau, A. and Badoual, C. Head and Neck: Squamous cell carcinoma: an overview. Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetic in Oncology and Hematology. 2012; (2).
[5]. Gillison, M., D'Souza, G., Westra, W., Sugar, E., Xiao, W., Begum, S. and Viscidi, R. Distinct Risk Factor Profiles for Human Papillomavirus Type 16-Positive and Human Papillomavirus Type 16-Negative Head and Neck Cancers. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2008; 100(6), pp.407-420.

Abstract: Hydatid cyst is clinically common condition caused by a parasite Echinococcusgranulosus, with most common involvement of segment vii- 27%. Commonly right lobe-66%, both lobes in 16% and only left lobe is involved in 17%[11]. Liver hydatid disease can be diagnosed by radiological investigations. Various management methods are available, for big hydatid cyst cystectomy under antihelminthic cover is commonly used. Common post operative complications include infection, biliary leak and recurrence of disease.

Keywords.....

[1] Michael.J. Zinner, Maingot s abdominal operations, Mc Graw HILL Puplisher, 11th edition,2007;28:768 -75
[2] Orhan Demircan et al. Occult cysto-biliary communication presenting as postoperative biliary leak afterhepatic hydatid cyst surgery: value of preoperative predictors. Can J Surgery, June 2006; 3;45-9.
[3] Shaleen Agarwal, Sadiq Saleem, Ashok Kumar. Bile leaks following surgery for hepatic hydatid cyst disease,Indian society of gastro-enterology. 2005;24:57-8.
[4] Buttenschoenk.Carli Buttenschoek.Echinoccus granulosus infection challenge of surgical treatment.Langenbecks Archsurgery, Germany, 2003;388:218-30-3.
[5] Menezes Da saliva A. Hydatid cyst of liver-criteria for selection of appropriate treatment. Acta Trop2003;85:237.

Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global health threat of significance to child and adolescent psychology and psychiatry. The present study was carried out to for a period of five years to study the impact of social support in reducing the infection and loneliness in HIV infected children.

Keywords: ......

[1]. Arun S, Singh AK, Lodha R, Kabra SK. Disclosure of the HIV infection status in children. Indian J Pediatr. 2009;76:805–8.

[2]. Hein K, Dell R, Futterman D, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Shaffer N. Comparison of HIV+and HIV- adolescents: Risk factors and psychosocial determinants. Pediatrics. 2000;65:96–104.

[3]. Leserman J. The effects of depression, stressful life events, social support, and coping on the progression of HIV infection. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2000;2:495–502.

[4]. Whetten K, Leserman J, Lowe K, Stangl D, Thielman N, Swartz M, Hanisch L, Van Scoyoc L. Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse and physical trauma in a southern HIV positive sample from the Deep South. Am J Public Health. 2006;96:970–973

Abstract: Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a clinically challenging and diverse group of over 200 disorders characterized by varying degrees of fibrosis and inflammation of the lung parenchyma or interstitium. In this study, 27 patients diagnosed with ILD which was made from the history, clinical examinations, radiological findings (CXR, HRCT thorax), pulmonary function tests (PFT) and haematological examinations were studied from June, 2011 to April, 2014 in Respiratory Medicine Department, RIMS......

Keywords:Autoimmune disease, fibrosis, interstitium, parenchyma, restrictive pattern.

[1]. Coultas DB, Zumwalt RE, Black WC, Sobonya RE: The epidemiology of interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150:967-972
[2]. Schwarz MI, King Jr TE, Raghu G: Approach to the evaluation and diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. In: Schwarz MI, King Jr TE, ed. Interstitial Lung Diseases, 4th ed. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: BC Decker; 2003:1-30.
[3]. Mays EE, Dubois JJ, Hamilton GB: Pulmonary fibrosis associated with tracheobronchial aspiration. Chest 1976; 69:512-515.
[4]. Raghu G: The role of gastroesophageal reflux in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Med 2003; 115(Suppl 3A):60S-64S.
[5]. Kennedy JD, Costello P, Balikian JP, Herman PG: Exogenous lipoid pneumonia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1981; 136:1145-1149.
[6]. Arakawa H, Webb WR: Expiratory high-resolution CT scan.Radiol Clin North Am 36:189–209, 1998.
[7]. Lacasse Y, Selman M, Costabel U, et al: Clinical diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168:952–958, 2003.

Abstract: Anemia is a very common feature in older age group and also one of the most neglected. As anemia is a sign and not a diagnosis a thorough evaluation to identify the underlying cause is warranted. The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of anemia in the geriatric age group in the rural setting and to study the commonest morphological pattern in this age group. 300 patients of age 60 years and above were evaluated for morphological pattern of anemia based on red cell indices, peripheral smear, and leukocyte and platelet parameters over a period of one year.....

Keywords: Anemia, Geriatrics, Morphological patterns

[1] Global Health and Ageing : National Institute on Aging , National Institute of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human services, WHO.
[2] Census of India. Registrar General of India office, Government of India, India 2011.
[3] Ania Lafuente B J , Fernandez – Burriel Tercero M, Suarez Almenara J L , Batancort Mastrangelo C C , Guerra Hernandez L (2001). Anaemia and functional capacity at admission in a geriatric home. An Med Interna 18(1): 9 – 12.
[4] World Health Organization. Definition of an older or elderly person. Retrieved August 29, 2010. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/index.html.
[5] Helda Khusun, Ray Yip, Werner Schultink and Drupadi HS Dillon. World

Abstract:By Definition Esthetic Dentistry Is "The Art And Science Of Dentistry Applied To Create Or Enhance The Beauty Of An Individual Within Functional And Physiological Limits." The Concept Of Esthetics Cannot Be Considered Relative. There Are Many Straightforward And Universally Accepted Principles That Decide The Esthetic Value Pertaining To Dentistry. This Article Discusses Facial, Dentolabial, Dental, Phonetics, And Gingival Considerations For Evaluating Any Case That Requires Esthetic Treatment. It Is
Imperative That A Dentist Has Thorough Knowledge About These Basic Principles To Obtain The Optimum Esthetic Results While Restoring Function And Health Of The Patient.

Keywords:Esthetics, Facial, Dentolabial, Dental, Phonetics, Gingival

[1] I. Ahmad, Protocols For Predictable Aesthetic Dental Restorations (United Kingdom: Blackwell Munsgaard, 2006).
[2] D. Almog, The Effect Of Esthetic Consultation Methods On Acceptance Of Diastema-Closure Treatment Plan, Journal Of The American Dental Association, 135(7), 2004, 875-881.
[3] J. Vukovic, B.C. Jones, L.M. Debruine, A.C. Little, D.R. Feinberg, And L.L. Welling, Circum-Menopausal Effects On Women‟s Judgments Of Facial Attractiveness, Biology Letters, 5(1), 2009, 62-64.
[4] E.L. Miller, W.R. Bolden, And H.C. Jamison, A Study Of The Relationship Of The Dental Midline To The Facial Median Line, Journal Of Prosthetic Dentistry, 41(6), 1979, 657-660.
[5] C.J. Soares, R.B. Fonseca, L.R.M. Martins, And M. Giannini, Esthetic Rehabilitation Of Anterior Teeth Affected By Enamel Hypoplasia: A Case Report, Journal Of Esthetic And Restorative Dentistry, 14(6), 2002, 340-348.

Abstract: Hypothyroidism Is Common In Diabetes Mellitus Patients And Can Produce Significant Metabolic Disturbances Such As Dyslipidemia, Which Commonly Found In Type 2 Diabetes. This Will Further Leads To Increase The Risk Of Cardiovascular Diseases. Based On This We Studied The Thyroid Profile And Serum Cholesterol Level In Diabetes Patients. The Study Comprised Of 50 Patients With Evidence Of Diabetes And 50 Normal Individuals As Control Group. In All The Individuals Fasting Blood Sugar, Hba1c, T3, T4, TSH And Serum Cholesterol Were Estimated..............

Keywords:Hypothyroidism, Thyroid Profile, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardio Vascular Diseases

[1] Nathan, D.M., Long - term complications of Diabetes mellitus, N. Engl. J.Med., 328, 1993, 1676 – 1685.
[2] Wu P, Thyroid disease and diabetes, Clinical Diabetes18, 2000, 38 –39.
[3] Trinder P, Blood sugar estimation by GODPOD method, Ann. Clin. Biochem, 6, 1969, 24-27.
[4] Trivelli, LIA, Glycosylated Hemoglobin estimation by Ion Exchange Resin Method, New Eng.J.Med, 1971; 284:353.
[5] Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CS, Richmond W, Fu PC, Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol, Clin. Chem., 20(4), 1974, 470-475

Abstract: Objective: To compare the morbidity following episiotomy repair by rapidly absorbed polyglactin and chromic catgut. Materials & Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical College, Kolkata. 100 primigravida with episiotomy were divided into 2 groups Group I:CC (n=50) repaired with no 1,0 chromic catgut and Group II:VR (n=50) repaired with rapidly absorbed polyglactin and they were compared with respect to pain, wound complications, perineal edema and dyspareunia –at 2 hours, 2 days, 6 weeks and 3 months..............

Keywords: Episiotomy, rapidly absorbed polyglactin 910, chromic catgut, VAS score, dyspareunia, wound healing.

[1]. Carroli G, Benzian J. Episiotomy for vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1999 (3):CD000081.
[2]. Glazenes CMA, Abdalla M, Stroud P eta l. Postnatal maternal morbidity: extent, causes, prevention and treatment. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 102:286-7
[3]. Sleep J. Perineal care: a series of 5 RCT. In: Robinson S, Thompson A, editors Midwives, Research and Childbirth. London: Chapman and Hall; 1991;p199-251.
[4]. Buhling KJ, Schmidt S, Robinson JN et al. Rate of dyspareunia after delivery in primiparae according to mode of delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 24:42-46. [5]. Kettle C, Johanson RB. Absorbable synthetic versus catgut suture material for perineal repair. In: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000006.

Abstract:Background And Objective: Amniotic Membrane Transplantation Is Currently Being Used For A Continuously Widening Spectrum Of Ophthalmic Indications. It Has Gained Widespread Attention As An Effective Method Of Reconstruction Of The Ocular Surface. Amniotic Membrane Grafts Have Been Effectively Used As A Conjunctival Substitute For Reconstruction Of Conjunctival Defects Following Removal Of Pterygia. Hence The Present Study Was Undertaken To Evaluate The Outcomes Of Primary Pterygium Excision With Adjunctive Amniotic Membrane Transplantation.Study Design:Retrospective Studystudy Setting: Navya Nethralaya Hospital Pvt. Ltd..............

[1] Koranyi G, Seregard S, Kopp Ed. Cut And Paste: A No Suture,Small Incision Approach To Pterygium Surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88:911-4.
[2] Tananuvat N, Martin T. The Results Of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation For Primary Pterygium Compared With Conjunctiva Lautograft. Cornea 2004; 23:458-63.
[3] Saleem M, Muhammad L, Islam Zu. Pterygium: An Epidemiological Study. Pak J Ophthalmol2004; 20:17-22.
[4] Taylor Hr. Aetiology Of Climatic Droplet Keratopathy And Pterygium. Br J Ophthalmol1980; 64:154-63.
[5] Taylor Hr, West S, Muñoz B, Rosenthal Fs, Bressler Sb, Bressler Nm. The Long-Term Effect Of Visible Light On The Eye. Arch Ophthalmolol1992; 110:99-104.

Abstract: Obesity is a state of excess adipose tissue mass.1 The World Health Organization (WHO) labeled obesity as the most obviously visible, but most neglected public-health problem worldwide.2, 3 Worldwide, more than 1.4 billion adults were overweight.4 Body mass index (BMI) has been used for classification of obesity for decades. World Health organization (WHO) recommended body mass index (BMI) values as the cut off points for overweight and obesity.5Obesity is associated with many complications....

[1] Kasper, Braunwald, Fauci, Hauser, Longo, Jameson. Biology of obesity in: Harrison‟s Principle of internal medicine, McGraw- Hill Medical Publishing Division.18th Edition, Vol. 1; 2012 p. 622- 629. [2] Haslam DW, James WP. Obesity. Lancet .2005 Oct; 366 (9492): 1197–1209.
[3] World Health Organization. Obesity. Preventing and managing the global epidemic; WHO Technical Report Series; 2000. P.1-252.
[4] Park K. Obesity In: Park‟s Textbook of Preventive and social medicine, 22nd edition. Jabalpur: m/s Banarsidas Bhanot publishers; 2013. P. 367- 371.
[5] WHO/IASO/IOTF. The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and Its Treatment. Melbourne, Australia. Health Communications Australia; 2000.

Abstract: The penile fracture with complete urethral transection is the rare surgical emergency. 30 years male presented with retention of urine, swelling and pain of penis with immediate detumescence after sexual intercourse. Penis was swollen, echymotic and blood at the meatus. Immediate surgical exploration done and ruptured tunica albuginea and urethra repaired. Patient discharged uneventful and eventless follow up.

Keywords: Penile fracture, Corpora rupture, Urethral injury

[1]. Malis J. Zur Kausuistik der fractura penis. Arch Klin Chir. 1924; 129:651. (Ger)

[2]. Eke N. Fracture of the penis. Br J Surg. 2002; 89:555–565. [Pub Med]

[3]. Nicoliasen GS, Melamud A, McAninch JW. Rupture of the corpus cavernosum: surgical management. J Urol. 1983; 130:917–919. [Pub Med]

[4]. Ishikawa T, Fujisawa M, Tamada H, et al. Fracture of the penis: nine cases with evaluation of reported cases in Japan. Int J Urol. 2003; 10:257–260. [Pub Med]

[5]. Zargooshi J. Penile fracture in Kermanshah, Iran: report of 172 cases. J Urol. 2000;164:364–366.[Pub Med]

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial activity of Psidiumguajava(PG) leavesextracts against some pathogenic microbes. The extracts of P.G leaves was fractionated and purified by preparative TLC technique, then subjected toGas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) to identify the biologically active compounds.Thereafter, thetoxicity of the pure fractions was assessed in vivo using experimental rats. The P.G leaves were extracted with 80% ethanol,then the extracts were fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water..............

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; biologically active; phytochemical components,Psidiumguajava

[1]. Adonu Cyril, C., EzeChinelo, C., Ugwueze Mercy, E. and Ugwu Kenneth, O. (2013). Phytochemical analyses and antifungal activities of some medicinal plants in nsukka cultural zone, 2 (3): 1446-1458.
[2]. Aibinu, I., T., Adenipekun, T., Adelowotan, T., Ogunsanya and Odugbemi, T. (2007). Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of different parts of Citrus aurantifolia (lime fruit) as used locally, Afr. J. Trad. CAM., 4(2): 185-190.

[3]. Amit, P., and Shweta, (2011). Antifungal properties of Psidiumguajavaleaves and fruits against various pathogens. JPBMS, 13 (16):1-6.
[4]. Amit, R. and Shailendra, S. (2006).Ethnomedicinal approach in biological and chemical investigation of phytochemicals as antimicrobials, Indian J. ofPharmaceutical Sci.,41: 1-13.

Abstract: Spontaneous perforation of the colon should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute peritonitis. The idiopathic type is less common than stercoral type, but the prognosis is better in idiopathic type because of the minimal degree of fecal contamination. Intestinal obstruction can also be a presentation of idiopathic perforation colon especially in chronic constipated, bed ridden, paraplegic patient. The diagnosis can be delayed but early surgical intervention is important in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Though early aggressive surgery has been advocated to reduce mortality but such decision should be situation dependent.

Keywords: Spontaneous Perforation; Stercoral Perforation; Idiopathic Perforation; Managment

[1] Velitchkov Ng, Kjossev Kt, Losanoff Je, Grigorov Gi, Kavardjikova-Milanova Va. Stercoral Perforation Of The Colon. Rozhl Chir 1995. Apr;74(3):145-146[Pubmed]
[2] Huang Ws, Wang Cs, Hsieh Cc, Lin Py, Chin Cc, Wang Jy. Management Of Patients With Stercoral Perforation Of The Sigmoid Colon: Report Of Five Cases. World J Gastroenterol 2006. Jan;12(3):500-503 [Pmc Free Article] [Pubmed]
[3] Ervens J, Schiffmann L, Berger G, Hoffmeister B. Colon Perforation With Acute Peritonitis After Taking Clindamycin And Diclofenac Following Wisdom Tooth Removal. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2004. Oct;32(5):330-334 10.1016/J.Jcms.2004.05.007 [Pubmed] [Cross Ref]
[4] Maurer Ca, Renzulli P, Mazzucchelli L, Egger B, Seiler Ca, Büchler Mw. Use Of Accurate Diagnostic Criteria May Increase Incidence Of Stercoral Perforation Of The Colon. Dis Colon Rectum 2000. Jul;43(7):991-998 10.1007/Bf02237366 [Pubmed] [Cross Ref]

Abstract: Uterine fibroid, also referred to as leiomyoma is the most common benign tumour of the uterus occurring in women but reported as rare in the adolescent. Lately, there has been an increase in reported cases among teenagers. This study aims at documenting the prevalence of uterine fibroid among adolescent schoolgirls in Calabar and recommending timely specialist advice and care where the need arises. Adolescent secondary schoolgirls aged 10 to 19years whose parents or guardians gave consent had pelvic ultrasound scan done. A prevalence of 0.05% was calculated. It is concluded that the prevalence of uterine fibroid is low among adolescent schoolgirls in Calabar.

Keywords: Adolescent,Prevalence, Schoolgirls,Uterine Fibroid

[1] WHO | Adolescent Health-----World Health Organisation.
[2] Guin Gita, KhareShashi ,Fibroid Uterus in the Adolescent Girls, inDuttaDilipKumar,OlyaiRoza, (Ed), Recent Advancesin Adolescent Health,(New Delhi:JaypeeMedical Ltd; 2011)124-129.
[3] WH Parker. Etiology, Symptomatology and Diagnosis of Uterine Myomas.FertilSteril, 87(4), 2007, 725-36.
[4] Fields KR, Neinsten LS.Uterine Myomasin Adolescent; Case Reports and aReview of the Literature. J PediatrAdolescGynecol,9(4) 1996, 195-198.
[5] Mostafa M. Khordry, Ahmed H. Abd-ellah, Abdel Aziz E Tamman,Sherif A.M. Shazly, Hossam T. Salem. UterineLeiomyomas in Adolescents:A Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma-A Case Series. J Gynecol Surg. 31(6), 2015, 357-361.

Abstract: Aim: To assess the Dental caries experience and treatment needs among 7-17 year old school children in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, South India. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dental caries among 7 to 17 year old school going children of Madurai To compare the dental caries experience among 7 to 17 year old school going children of Madurai using dft/DMFT and SiC index...........

Keywords: Dental caries, prevalence, school children, treatment needs.

[1] Sudha P, Bhasin S, Anegundi RT. Prevalence of dental caries among 5 to 13-year-old children in Mangalore city. JISPPD 2005;74-79.
[2] Tewari A, Chawla HS. Study of prevalence of dental caries in an urban area of India (Chandigarh). J Indian Dent Assoc 1977;49:231-9.
[3] Shourie KL. Dental caries in Indian children. Ind J Medical Res 1941;29:709-21.
[4] Bratthall, D. Estimation of global DMFT for 12-year olds in 2004. Int Dent J 2004;55:14-18.
[5] Saravanan S, Kalyani V, Vijayarani MP, Jayakodi P, Felix J, Arunmozhi P, et al. Caries prevalence and treatment needs of rural school children in ChidambaramTaluk, Tamil Nadu, South India. Indian J Dent Res 2008;19:186‐90.

Abstract: Functional Endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), visibility is often affected by intra-nasal bleeding, which can be influenced by various anaesthetics. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled study in 60 ASA I and ASA II patients between 18-60 years of age undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia.........

Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, FESS, Propofol

[1] Slack R, Bates G. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Am Fam Phys 1998; 58: 707–718.
[2] Stankiewicz JA. Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery.Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1989; 22: 749–58.
[3] Cincikas D, Ivaskevicius J. Application of controlled arterialhypotension in endoscopic rhinosurgery. Medicina (Kaunas)2003;39: 852-9.
[4] Koch M, Backer D De, Vincent JL, Barvais L, Hennart D, Schmartz D: Effects of propofol on human microcirculation. Br J Anaesth 2008; 101: 473-478.
[5] Hall JE, Uhrich TD, Barney JA, Arain SR, Ebert TJ. Sedative, amnestic, and analgesic properties of small-dose dexmedetomidine infusions. Anesth Analg. 2000 Mar; 90(3):699-705.

Abstract: Introduction: Many different conventional approaches, such as frontal and pterional approach are used to access anterior circulation aneurysms. These approaches provide excellent exposure to anterior and middle crania fossa. The major limitation of these approaches is extended openings to expose the orbital rim. In recent decades, development of surgical instruments and microsurgical skills allows neurosurgeons to use smaller and more specific approaches to treat these lesions in the same region..............

Keywords: Anterior circulation aneurysms, eyebrow incision, keyhole surgery, supraorbital keyhole approach, transciliary supraorbital keyhole.

[1]. Reisch R, Perneczky A: Ten-year-experience with the supraorbital approach through an eyebrow skin incision. Neurosurgery. 2005 Oct;57:242-255.
[2]. Mitchell P, Vindlacheruva RR, Mahmood K, Ashpole RD, Grivas A, Mendelow AD. Supraorbital eyebrow minicraniotomy for anterior circulation aneurysms. SurgNeurol 2005;63:47-51.
[3]. Perneczky A, "Planning strategies for the suprasellar region: philosophy of approaches," Neurosurgeon. 1992;343–348.
[4]. Reisch R, Perneczky A, Filippi R. Surgical technique of the supraorbital key-hole craniotomy.Surg Neurol. 2003 Mar;59(3):223-227.
[5]. Ormond DR, Hadjipanayis CG. The Supraorbital Keyhole Craniotomy through an Eyebrow Incision: Its Origins and Evolution.Minim Invasive Surg. 2013:296469.

Abstract:Ocular trauma occurs frequently in India and constitutes a major health problem. The present study was conducted to estimate the burden and epidemiological co-relates of ocular injuries in a tertiary care hospital. A retrospective record based study of ocular trauma cases attending the outpatient and emergency departments of Ophthalmology, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, (NBMC & H) between 2013 and 2014 was performed........

Keywords: Ocular injuries, Tertiary care, West Bengal

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Abstract: Spindle cell carcinomas are biphasic tumors of monoclonal origin with mesenchymal component proved to be the dedifferentiated forms of conventional squamous cell carcinomas. This unusual variant of squamous cell carcinoma usually presents in the larynx, but are also infrequently reported in the gingiva, tongue, lips, hypopharynx and nasal cavity. We report a spindle cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa in a 56-year-old male patient.

Keywords: spindle cell carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, Lane tumor, oral cavity

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