iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2016

Abstract: In the present retrospective study, we had analyzed the prevalence of opportunistic infections in HIV infected children and correlate the prevalence of opportunistic infections with their CD4+ T helper lymphocyte count.Total 100 Children diagnosed with HIV were enrolled. Majority of the cases were in age group 11 to 15 yrs. Males were proportionately more as compared to females. Fever was common presenting symptom along with cough diarrhea and weight loss.Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, wasting and stunting, pallor and hepatomegaly were common signs. .......
Keywords: ART ,CD4count,Correlation, HIV, Opportunistic Infections

[1]. RA Ferrand, EL Corbett, R Wood , Hargrove J, Ndhlovu CE, Cowan FM, et al. "AIDS among older children and adolescents in Southern Africa: projecting the time course and magnitude of the epidemic", AIDS, 23(15), 2009,2039–46.
[2]. Brady MT, Oleske JM, Williams PL, Elgie C, Mofenson LM, Dankner WM, et al.
[3]. "Declines in mortality rates and changes in causes of death in HIV-1-infected children during the HAART era," Journal Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,53(1) , 2010,86–
[4]. Annette H Sohn, and RohanHazra "The changing epidemiology of the global paediatric HIV epidemic: keeping track of perinatally HIV-infected adolescents," Journal of the International AIDS Society,16, 2013,1855.
[5]. Lynne M. Mofenson. "Treating Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Exposed and Infected Children", Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America Dec,53,2004,1-63.

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the results of philos plate in different types and severity of proximal humerus fractures both clinically and radiologically. Methods: 51 patients with proximal humerus fracture were included in study, out of them four patients died and five were lost follow up.42 patients were considered for final evaluation. Out of them 28 male and 14 female patients aged 20 to 70 years (mean 41.0) treated with locking plate.Patients were assessed for six months radiological, clinically and functionally using Neer's score and DASH sore...............
Key words: Philos, proximal humerus fracture

[1]. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults 6th ed.Vol.1 p.1162-1180
[2]. Constant CR, Murley AH. A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder. ClinOrthopRelat Res. 1987 Jan ; (214):160-4.
[3]. Neer CS II: articular replacement for the humeral head. J Bone & Joint surgery Am.1955; 37:215-228
[4]. Szyszkowitz R: proximal humerus fractures; management techniques & expected results. CORR 292, July 1993.
[5]. Cambell Operative Orthopedics, 9th edition.

Abstract: Radiotherapy is often the primary treatment modality for inoperable carcinoma cervix. One of the main etiology is Human papilloma virus. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the association of HPV with carcinoma cervix and to analyse the effect of RT. 71 patients of locally advanced carcinoma cervix were included in this study. Pre-treatment cervical biopsies were taken & HPV DNA typing & estimation of titre was done. All patients received EBRT in dose of 4600 CGY/23fr in 4.5 wks to pelvis with Co-60 (780E)........

Keywords: Brachytherapy, Cervical Cancer, HPV, ICRT, Squamous cell.

[1]. Boffeta P, Parkin DM. Cancer in developing countries. CA Cancer J Clin 44: 81-0, 1994.
[2]. Chritopherson WM Parker JE: Relation of cervical cancer to early marriage and child bearing. N.Eng JMed 273: 235-239, 1965.
[3]. CRUm CP, Levine rU: Human Papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia: New Perspectives. Int J. Gynecol Phatiol 3.:376, 1984.
[4]. Reeves We, et al: Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in Latin America. N. Engl J. Med 320:1473-1441,1989.
[5]. Reld R at al: Gential warts and cervical cancer : III Subclinical papillomaviral infection and cervical neobiologic change. Cancer 53:943, 1984.

Abstract: Background:To ensure a smooth induction and to reduce the preoperative anxiety , oral premedication is widely being used in paediatric anaesthesia. Midazolam is most commonly used premedication in children currently. Aim:The aim of this study was to find out the efficacy of oral Midazolam as an anxiolytic and sedative in children undergoing surgery below umbilicus and also the quality of induction as measured by the acceptance of the mask...........

[1]. Viitanen H, Annila P, Viitanen M, Tarkkila P. Premedication with midazolam delays recovery after ambulatory sevofluraneanesthesia in children. AnesthAnalg 1999; 89:7

[2]. Brennan LJ. Modern day-case anaesthesia for children. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83:91–103.

[3]. Kennedy SK, Longnecker DE. History and principles of anaesthesiology. In: Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, eds. Vol 1. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York: Pergamon Press, 1991:269–84.

[4]. P.D. Bailey Jr.,J.L. Bastien .Preinduction techniques for pediatricanesthesiaCurrOpinAnaesthesiol, 18 (2005), pp. 265-269

[5]. A. Rosenbaum,Z.N. Kain,P. Larsson,P.A. Lonnqvist,A.R. Wolf.The place of premedication in pediatric practice . PaediatrAnaesth, 19 (2009), pp. 817-828

Abstract: Background: Neurological disorders, constituting major health hazards, are growing cause of morbidity with huge magnitude and burden. The burden in general is more in populations with limited resources affecting access to treatment. Reliable data on prevalence on neurological disorders is scanty in Kashmir where people have been experiencing continuous stress because of militancy related disturbance. A prospective population based study was undertaken in Hazratbal block of Srinagar district to determine the prevalence of neurological disorders to facilitate planning and prioritizing neurology care.....

Keywords: Neurological disorders, Prevalence, Kashmir, Headache, Seizures, Cerebrovascular disorder

[1]. BK Mac Donald, OC Cockerell, TWAS Sander and SD Shorvon. The incidence and life time prevalence of neurological disorders in a prospective community based study in the U.K. Brain, 2000; 123, (4): 665-676
[2]. CD Mathers, AD Lopez and CJL Murray. The burden of disease and mortality by conditions: Data, Methods and Results for 2001. In Global Burden of Disease and Risk factors. Eds. AD Lopez, CD Mathers, M Ezzat, DT Jamison and CJL Murray. New York: Oxford University Press.
[3]. LJ Stovner and C Andree .Prevalence of headache in Europe: A review for the Eurolight project. J. Headache Pain 2010;11:289-299
[4]. M Gaurie-Devi, G Gururaj, P Satischandra and DK Subbakrishna . Prevalence of neurological disorders in Bangalore, India. A community based study with a comparison between rural and urban areas. Neuroepidemiology 2004; 23: 261-268.

Abstract: Ganglion Cysts are tense smooth fluctuant cystic and transilluminant swellings commonly found on dorsum of wrist at scapholunate articulation and may involve volar aspect of wrist, tendon sheaths and interphalangeal joints . Our study aims to compare efficacy and recurrence rates with triamcinolone and hyaluronidase using the single puncture technique . This prospective observational study was conducted to the cases who presented to our general surgery out patient department with ganglion cyst between april 2014 to august 2015.........

[1]. Nelson CL, Saw Miller S, Phalen GS (1972) Ganglion of the wrist and hand. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 54:1459
[2]. Thornburg LE (1999) Ganglions of the hand and wrist. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 7:231–238
[3]. Dharamdas P, Nayak D, Mathur RK, Kushwah K (2010) Double dart technique of installation of triamcinolone in ganglion over the wrist. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 3(1):29–31
[4]. Plate AM, Lee SJ, Steiner G, Posner MA (2003) Tumour like lesions and benign tumours of the hand and wrist. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 11:129–141
[5]. Nishikawa S, Toh S, Miura K et al (2001) Arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment of dorsal wrist ganglion. J Hand Surg 26:547–549

Abstract: Aim: Orthodontic tooth movement can lead to the creation of bone. The purposes of the study were to investigate the amount of bone formed in orthodontic patients during treatment ( maxillary canine distalization ) and retention and to assess the long-term stability of the new bone.......

Keywords: Bone stability, canine inclination and distance, changes of alveolar ridge in time, missing maxillary lateral incisors, orthodontic tooth movement

[1] R.W. McNeill, D.R. Joondeph, Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: treatment-planning considerations, Angle Orthodontist, 43, 1973, 24-29.
[2] A Thordarson, B.U. Zachrisson, I.A Mjor, Remodeling of canines to the shape of lateral incisors by grinding: a long-term clinical and radiographic evaluation, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 100 ,1991, 123-134.
[3] M Rosa, B.U.Zachrisson, Integrating esthetic dentistry and space closure in patiens with missing lateral incisors, Journal of Clinical Orthodontisc, 35, 2001, 221-234.
[4] E.M. Czochrowska, A.B. Skaare, A Stenvik, B.U. Zachrisson, Outcome of orthodontic space closure with a missing maxillary central incisor, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 123, 2003, 597-603.
[5] I Marek, S Nováčková, Agenesis of lateral incisors, Part 1. Diagnostics and esthetic aspects of canine mesialization, Ortodoncie, 16(2), 2007, 33-49.

Abstract: Objectives: To find the incidence and to analyze the various types of foreign bodies in ENT. Methodology: This prospective study was undertaken in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery at Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly, U.P. All the cases of Pediatric foreign bodies( excluding airway and food passage foreign bodies ) from Nov 2013 to Oct 2014wasundertaken in this study........

[1]. A.O.A. Ogunleye and R.O.A. Sogebi. Otic foreign bodies in children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Nigerian journal of surgical research 2005; Vol 7 No 3-4: 305-308.
[2]. C Ryan, AGhosh, D Smit, B Wilson-Boyd, S O'Leary. Adult Aural Foreign Bodies. Internet Otorhinolaryngology2005;Vol 4: Number 2.
[3]. Singh GB, Sidhu TS, Sharma A, Dhawan R, Jha SK, Singh N. Management of aural foreign body: an evaluation study in 738 consecutive cases. Am J Otolaryngol Mar-Apr 2007;28(2):87-90.
[4]. A.R. Devkota and P.Yadav. Use of high pressure oxygen to remove nasal foreign body .Journal of institute of Medicine, December 2007; 29-3:67-68.
[5]. Fornazieri Ma, Cutulo D, Moreira JH, Navarro PL, Takemoto LE, HeshikiRE. Foreign Body in External Auditory Meatus: Evaluation of 462 Cases. Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngology 2010; 14[1]: 45-49.

Abstract: Autogenous tooth transplantation is an often overlooked method of repositioning autogenous teeth in another tooth extraction site or a surgically formed recipient site to replace missing teeth due to congenital deformity, grossly decayed carious teeth, mobile teeth due to periodontal disease, teeth lost due to trauma, endodontic failure or any other reason when a suitable donor tooth is available. This is a case report of autotransplantation of impacted #38 with complete root formation into the extraction site of grossly decayed, unrestorable #37. RCT of #38 was done extraorally to remove any chances of resorption. Autogenous tooth transplantation should always be considered as a good treatment modality in feasible cases.

Keywords:Autotransplantation, unrestorable teeth, impacted third molar, extraoral root canal treatment

[1]. P. P. Reich, "Autogenous transplantation of maxillary and mandibular molars.," J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 2314–7, Nov. 2008.
[2]. H. APFEL, "Autoplasty of enucleated prefunctional third molars.," J. Oral Surg. (Chic)., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 289–96, Oct. 1950.
[3]. H. M. MILLER, "Transplantation; a case report.," J. Am. Dent. Assoc., vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 237, illust, Feb. 1950.
[4]. M. Tsukiboshi, "Autogenous tooth transplantation: a reevaluation.," Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 120–

Abstract: Background: Tripura has a composite population of 36.74 lakhs out of which native tribes comprise 31.8% of the population. In the past, studies were done on ABO blood group distribution in the unsegregated population but ABO blood group data on native tribes are not available. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of blood bank from January 2014 to December 2015 after approval from our institute ethical committee. Tribal donors were segregated out from their surnames based on 2011 Tripura population census and ABO Rh blood grouping was noted from blood grouping register.........

Keywords: ABO blood group, ABO gene frequency, Tripura tribes

[1]. India. Office of the Registrar general and census commissioner. 2011 Indian National Census. Delhi: Ministry of Home affairs [Internet]; 2011 [cited 2016 March 8]. Available from: http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/tripura.html
[2]. Carucio L. Basic Genetics for Blood Bankers. In: Harmening DM, editor. Mordern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices. London: F.A. Davis Company;2005. p. 25
[3]. Choudhury P, Chakrabarti JS, Choudhury PS. Frequency and distribution of blood groups in blood donors of Tripura. The Health Agenda 2014; 2: 57-61.
[4]. Chan K. The ABO blood group frequency distribution of Singapore based on a donor blood sample. Singapore Med J 1962; 3: 3-15.
[5]. Agarwal A, Tiwari AK, Meheta N, Bhattacharya P, Wankhede R, Tulsiani S et al. ABO and Rh (D) group distribution and gene frequency; the first multicentric study in India. Asian J Transfus Sci 2014; 8: 121-25.

Abstract: Giant-cell tumor constitutes 4-20% of all primary bone tumors in south east Asian population. They are benign locally aggressive bone tumour first described by cooper in 1818. These tumors occur predominantly in meta-epiphyseal region. Most often they are located around the knee joint. Although most of the tumors are diagnosed on plain radiograph alone, varying CT and MRI presentations of these tumors are essential to narrow down the differentials has an extended pre operative assessment .

Keywords: CT, Epiphysis, Giant cell tumour, MRI, Radiograph

[1]. Turcotte RE. Giant cell tumor of bone. Orthop Clin North Am 2006;37(1):35–51.

[2]. M. (2006). Giant cell tumour of bone: morphological, biological and histogenetical aspects. Springer-Verlag , 30, 484-489.
[3]. Pardiwala D N, Vyas S, Puri A, Agarwal M G. Pictorial essay : Giant cell tumor of bone. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2001;11:119-26
[4]. Chakarun J Corey, et al. Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Review, Mimics, and New Developments in Treatment.
[5]. Radiographics. 2013 Jan-Feb;33:197-211.

Abstract:The objective of this study was to compare morphological and flow cytometric results of patients previously diagnosed with acute leukaemias. This study was conducted for a period between May 2013 to November 2015. The study was done in 51 acute leukaemia patients attending the department of pathology, RIMS, Ranchi. Cases were selected according to the bone marrow and peripheral blood study and were later analysed by flow cytometry studies. 22 patients were diagnosed ALL, 27 as AML and remaining 2 as acute biphenotypic leukaemia. Concordance between morphology and Flow cytometry studies for ALL, AML and BAL was found to be 84%, 89% and 50% respectively.

Keywords: Morphology, Flow cytometry, Acute Leukaemia

[1]. Sengar M, Rai AK, Saxena A, Singh A, Raina V, Seth T, et al. Acute leukemia: Diagnosis improved by flow cytometry in addition to morphology. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 1;5(1):55–65.
[2]. Shrestha S, Shrestha J, Pun C, Pathak T, Bastola S, Bhatta R. Immunophenotypic study of acute leukemia by flow cytometry at BPKMCH. J Pathol Nepal [Internet]. 2013 Mar 27 [cited 2014 May 29];3(5). Available from: http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JPN/article/view/7856 .
[3]. Belurkar S, Mantravadi H, Manohar C, Kurien A. Correlation of morphologic and cytochemical diagnosis with flowcytometric analysis in acute leukemia. J Cancer Res Ther. 2013;9(1):71.
[4]. Gujral S. Role of Flow cytometry in diagnosis of Hematolymphoid Malignancies. http://www./TATA Memorial Hospital, Mumbai.
[5]. Gujral S, Subramanian PG, Patkar N et al. Report of Proceedings of National Meetings on "Guidelines for Immunophenotyping of Hematolymphoid Neoplasms by Flow Cytometry" Indian J pathol microbiol 2008;51(2);161-6.

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the addition of intrathecal midazolam and to assess the post operative analgesic effect of addition of midazolam (intrathecal) with bupivacaine as compared with plain intrathecal bupivacaine Method: In this prospective doubleblind, randomized, controlled study, a total of 60 patients (belonging to American society of anesthesiologist ASA I and II physical status between the age group of 25-55 years) scheduled for elective lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anesthesia were selected.. The patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups of thirty patients each....

Keywords: Hyperbaric bupivacaine, intrathecal midazolam, spinal anesthesia, postoperative analgesia.

[1] Naguib M.Gammal EL, Elhattah YS, Seraj. Mohammed 1995. Midazotam for caudal analgesia in children comparison with caudal Bupivacaine
[2] Nisheyama T 1995.The post operative analgesic action of midazolam following epidural administration.
[3] Nishiyama T, Hirasaki A, Odaka Y, Kanishi H, Gotol SG 1992. Epidural midazolam with saline optimal dose for postoperative pain (Japanese) Masui 41, 49-54.
[4] Nishiyama T, Yoko Yam AT, Hanaoka K, T Matsukawa, Laszlo Gyermek 1998. Midazolam improves postoperative epidural analgesia with continuous infusion of local anaisthetics. Depart of anaes, Tokyo, Japan, Yamanashi Medical University, japan Can J Anaesth 46:551-555
[5] Valetine MJ Lyons G.Bellamy MC. The effect of intrathecal Midazolam on postoperative pain. European Journal of Anesthesiology 1996,13:589-593

Abstract: Aim: Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), which can damage a woman's reproductive tissues, thus, affecting fertility. Our aim therefore was to determine the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) andantisperm antibodies (ASA) in relation to the presence or absence of Chlamydia trachomatisIg G in fertile and infertile women.....

Keywords: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antisperm antibodies (ASA), Chlamydi trachomatisIg G, fertile, infertile women.

[1]. Maya, N., Mascarenhas, S., Flaxman, R., Boerma, T., Vanderpoel, S. & Stevens, G. A. (2012). National, regional, and global trends in infertility: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Medicine, 9(12): e1001356.
[2]. Makar, R. S. &Toth, T.L. (2002). The evaluation of infertility. American Journal of Clinical Pathology.117(1): 95–103. [3]. Ray, A., Shah, A., Gudi, A. &Homburg, R. (2012). Unexplained infertility: an update and review of practice. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 24(6): 591-602.
[4]. Araoye, M. O. (2003). Epidemiology of infertility; social problems of the infertile couples. West African Journal of Medicine: 22(2):190-196.
[5]. Boivin, J., Bunting, L., Collins, J. A. &Nygren, K. G. (2007). International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care. Human Reproduction, 22:1506–1512

Abstract: Gout is a disorder of purine metabolism characterised by hyperuricemia, deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals in joints and periarticular tissues with recurrent attack of acute synovitis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout are relatively common disease, but their coexistence is extremely rare. We report a case of 69yrs old female on presentation likely to have rheumatoid arthritis on evaluation diagnosed to have Polyarticular gout. The coexistence of gout and RA in our patient is unquestionable. She had evidence of seropositive destructive RA, hyperuricemia, acute gout, and MSU crystals. We describe a rare occurrence of concomitant gout and RA in a patient with multiple intradermal tophi.

Keywords: Gout, Rheumatoid arthritis, Tophi.

[1]. Agudelo CA, Turner RA, Panetti M, Pisko E. Does hyperuricemia protect from rheumatoid inflammation? A clinical study. Arthritis and rheumatism 1984;27(4):443-8.
[2]. Gordon TP, Ahern MJ, Reid C, Roberts-Thomson PJ. Studies on the interaction of rheumatoid factor with monosodium urate crystals and case report of coexistent tophaceous gout and rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 1985;44(6):384-9.
[3]. Choe JY, Lee GH, Kim SK. Radiographic bone damage in chronic gout is negatively associated with the inflammatory cytokines soluble interleukin 6 receptor and osteoprotegerin. The Journal of rheumatology 2011;38(3):485-91.
[4]. Jebakumar AJ, Udayakumar PD, Crowson CS, Matteson EL. Occurrence of gout in rheumatoid arthritis: it does happen! A population-based study. International journal of clinical rheumatology 2013;8(4):433-7.

Abstract: Background: Evaluating feto-maternal outcome in pregnancies with abnormal liquor volume. Methods: 70 pregnant subjects between 20 and 42 weeks of gestation, after thorough history and complete examination who were clinically suspected to have an abnormal amniotic fluid volume (oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios) were subjected to ultrasonographic (USG) assessment of amniotic fluid index. The subjects were closely monitored during pregnancy, labour and puerperium.....

Keywords: Aetiology, Congenital anomalies, IUD, NICU admission, Oligohydramnios, Polyhydramnios, Preterm labour.

[1]. Dildy GA III, Lira N, Moise KJ Jr, Riddle GD, Deter RL. Amniotic fluid volume assessment: comparison of ultrasonographic estimates versus direct measurements with a dye-dilution technique in human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992; 167:986–94.
[2]. Magann EF, Doherty DA, Chauhan SP, Busch FW, Mecacci F, Morrison JC. How well do the amniotic fluid index and single deepest pocket indices (below the 3rd and 5th and above the 95th and 97th percentiles) predict oligohydramnios and hydramnios? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:164–9.
[3]. Morris JM, Thompson K, Smithey J. The usefulness of ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid in predicting adverse outcome in prolonged pregnancy: a prospective blinded observational study. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 110:989–94.
[4]. Moore TR, Cayle JE. The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1990; 162:1168–74.
[5]. Magann EF, Perry KG, Chauhan SP, Anfanger PJ, Whitworth NS, Morrison JC. The accuracy of ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume in singleton pregnancies: the effect of operator experience and ultrasound interpretative technique. J Clin Ultrasound.1997; 25:249-53.

Abstract: We report a case of clonal (nested) type of seborrheic keratosis. Although seborrheic keratosis is a commonly encountered lesion in dermatology opd but clonal (nested) variant of seborrheic keratosis is quite rare and can be diagnosed only after proper histopathological examination.

Keywords: Seborrheic keratosis, clonal type, nested type.

[1]. Girisha BS, Kamath D, Shrinath P, Harish PS. Seborrheic keratosis; A rare case of conductive deafness.JCDR. 2012;6:913–4.

[2]. Rajabi P, Adibi N, Nematollah P, Heidarpour M, Eftekhari M, Siadat HA. Bowenoid transformation in seborrheic keratosis: A retrospective analysis of 429 patients. J Res Med Sci. 2012:217–21.

[3]. Neville BW, Damn DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2009. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; pp. 374–5. [4]. Elder DE. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lipincott; 2009. Lever's histopathology of the skin; pp. 795-8.

[5]. Busam KJ. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2010. Dermatopathology: A volume in the series foundation in diagnostic pathology; pp. 336–43.

Abstract: Management of patients with unstable DRFs is controversial. There is no definitive evidence to support one surgical fixation method over another. Currently, operative management of unstable DRFs mainly includes external fixation (EF) and internal fixation (IF). Few previous reports have concluded that IF is superior compared to EF.....

Keywords: Radius; wrist fractures; operative treatment; fracture fixation; surgical outcomes

[1]. Jupiter JB, Fernandez DL, Toh CL, Fellmann T, Ring D. The operative management of volar articular fractures of the distal end of the radius. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996; 78: 1817–27.
[2]. R. M. Szabo. Fractures of the distal radius. Chapman's orthopedic surgery; Lippincott williams and Wilkins; 3rd edition; p1414-1435
[3]. Fernandez DL. Fractures of the distal radius: Operative treatment. Instr Course Lect. 1993;42: 73–88.
[4]. Kaempffe FA, Wheeler DR, Peimer CA, et al: Severe fractures of the distal radius: effect of amount and duration of external fixator distraction on outcome, J Hand Surg [Am]. 1993; 18:33-41.
[5]. McQueen MM, Michie M, Court-Brown CM: Hand and wrist function after external fixation of unstable distal radial fractures, Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992; 285:200-204.

Abstract: The purpose was to correlate the vision and foveal thickness in patients with CSCR(central serous chorioretinopathy) and study the demographic profile. Methods: Retrospective chart analysis of 59 patients, diagnosed to have CSC was done. OCT report of 25 of these patients was further analysed The demographic profile, visual acuity, OCT findings were analysed. Foveal thickness of eyes with acute CSC were compared with the best corrected visual acuity (VA)....

Keywords: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Optical coherence tomography, Foveal thickness, visual acuity

[1]. Schatz H, Madeira D, Johnson RN, McDonald HR. Central serous chorioretinopathy occurring in patients 60 years of age and older. Ophthalmology 1992;99:63–67.
[2]. Tittl MK, Spaide RF, Wong D, et al. Systemic findings associated with central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999; 128:63–68.
[3]. Spitznas M, Huke J. Number, shape, and topography of leakage points in acute type I central serous retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1987; 225:437–440.
[4]. HC Kim, et al. Morphologic Changes in Acute CSC Using SD-OCT.Korean J Ophthalmol 2012;26:347-354.
[5]. Correlation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in acute central serous chorioretinopathy with visual acuity. Clinical Ophthalmology 2012;6:1949–1954.

Abstract: Background: Frequent coexistence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is often speculated to be related to lipid abnormalities. However studies reveal contradicting results, thus raising serious doubts about higher prevalence of dyslipidemia as reason for this coexistence. The objectives of this study were to examine the characteristics of lipid metabolism in COPD and to evaluate causal association between dyslipidemia and IHD among COPD subjects.....

Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Ischemic heart disease, dyslipidemia.

[1]. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (updated 2014). www.goldcopd.org/uploads/users/files/GOLD_REPORT2014_Feb07.pdf ; accessed on 07.06.14.
[2]. Manino DM, Homa DM, Akinbami LJ, Ford ES, Redd SC. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance: United States, 1971-2000. MMWR SurveillSumm 2002; 51: 1-16.
[3]. Chen JC, Manino DM. Worldwide epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CurrOpinPulm Med 1999; 5:93-99.
[4]. Camii AE, Robbins DR, Lebowitz MD. Death certificate reporting of confirmed airways obstructive disease. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133:795-800.
[5]. Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Tuomilehto J, Puska P. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis and risk of coronary artery disease. Lancet 1996; 348:567-572.

Abstract: Urological cancers are highly prevalent in the world and include cancers of the urinary bladder, prostate, kidney, ureter, penis and testis. Recently National Cancer Registry Report by the Ministry of Health, Govt. of Malaysia has also mentioned that urologicalcancers have become more common among the multi-racial Malaysian population. Urological cancers are becoming a major problem in both men and women and the most affected age group is between 50-70 years of age. Prostate and bladder cancers are listed among ten most frequent cancers in the main ethnic groups in Malaysia, viz. Malays, Chinese and Indian.....

Keywords: Urological cancer, 2008-2012, Histo-pathological Reports Peninsular Malaysia.

[1]. National Cancer Registry 2007. Malaysian Cancer Statistics-Data and Figure Peninsular Malaysia 2006. Ministry of Health Malaysia.
[2]. Singham P, Kong CH, Hong GE et al. Clinical Characteristics of Renal Cancer in Malaysia: A Ten Year Review. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2010 ; 11: 503-506
[3]. Department of Statistics Malaysia (2010). www.statistics.gov.my
[4]. Lim GC. Overview of cancer in Malaysia. Jpn J ClinOncol 2002; 32:S37-42
[5]. Hong GE, Kong CH, Singam P, et al. Seven Year review of Prostate carcinomas diagnosed by TRUS biopsy in a single Malaysian Institution. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2010; 1351-3.

Abstract: In current practices indiscriminative use of full coverage retainer is violating the principle of conservation of tooth structure and wasting irreplaceable enamel. Under similar circumstances incidence of failures with partial coverage has been found lesser than full coverage crown when used judiously and prepared correctly. The partial veneer retainer fulfils all the requirement of a restoration; maximal retention with minimum sacrifice of tooth structure , no encroachment on pulp and aesthetically acceptable This article discusses indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of partial veneer retainer with a clinical case report

Keywords: Partial veneer retainer, full coverage crown, maximum retention, length of span, occlusal guide.

[1] Kahn AE,.Partial versus full coverage J.Prosth. Dent. 1960;10:167-178.
[2] Gillett, H. W., and Irving, A. J.: Gold Inlays by the Indirect System, Brooklyn, 1932Dental Items of Interest Publishing Co.

[3] Maxwell EL ,Wasser VE ,Debate: full vs partial coverage as the abutement of choice in fixed bridgework.JDC Dent Soc 1961; 36:9-11.

[4] Miller LL : Partial coverage in crown and bridge prosthesis with the use of elastic impression materials. J Prosthet Dent 1963;13:905-910.

[5] Silness J : periodontal conditions in patients treated with dental bridges II .The influence of full and partial crowns on plaque accumulation, development of gingivitis and pocket formation. J Periodont Res 1970;5:219-224

Abstract: A dental implant is a surgical component that interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture, facial prosthesis or to act as an orthodontic anchor. Success or failure of implants depends on the health of the person receiving it, drugs which impact the chances of osseointegration and the health of the tissues in the mouth. In addition to undisturbed osseointegration and an adequate prosthetic design, implant maintenance is crucial for long term prognosis.......

Keywords: Dental implants, Failures, Ailing and failing implants, Preventive regimes, Management.

[1]. Bergbundh T et al. A Systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29: 197-212.
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[4]. Gatewood RR, Cobb CM, Killoy WJ. Microbial colonization on natural tooth structure compared with smooth and plasma-sprayed implant surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1993; 4:53–64.
[5]. Schwartz-Arad D, Herzberg R, Levin L. Evaluation of long-term implant success. J Periodontol. 2005; 76(10):1623-8.

Abstract: Metastatic tumorsaccount for approximately 1-3% of oral malignanciesseen between the ages of 40-70, with equal gender distribution (1,2,4). The most common site of metastasis is the mandible with the primary sites being the lung, prostate, kidney and liver in males, and breast, adrenals, female genitalia, and colorectum in females (6). Metastatic tumors do not possess a pathognomonic radiographic appearance and may range from the absence of any manifestation to a lytic or opaque lesion with ill-defined margins. This article is an attempt to provide a more detailed description of radiographicappearance of metastatic tumors to the jaws with the purpose of assisting the general practitioner in identification and expedite treatment for the patient.

[1]. RIF Van der Waal, J Butler, I Van der Waal. Oral Metastasis: report of 24 cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003; 41:3-6.
[2]. A Hirshbirg, AShnaiderman-Shapiro, I Kaplan, B Rannan. Metastatic tumrs to the oral cavity – Pathogenesis and analysis of 673 cases. Oral Oncol. 2008; 44: 743-52.
[3]. GA Rodan. The development and function of the skeleton and bone metastases. Cancer. 2003; 97:726-32.
[4]. Kumar G, Majuanathat B. Metastatic tumors to the oral cavity. J Oral Maxillofacial Pathol. 2013 Jan; 17 (1)
[5]. 18Hirshberg A, Leibovich P, Buchner A. Metastatic tumors to the jawbones: analysis of 390 cases. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994;23(8):337-41.

Abstract: Workplace or occupational infections are the human infections caused by professional association to pathogens, such as bacteria, virus ,fungi, and parasites (protozoa).Veterinarian and animal handlers at risk of Zoonosis infections. Health care workers, laboratory workers are at increased risk of contracting hospital acquired or nosocomial infections, tuberculosis, hepatitis B,HIV/AIDS,and MRSAinfections.MRSA is associated with high morbidity and mortality....

Keywords: Workplace infections,Tuberculosis,Hepatitis B,MRSA,Transmission

[1]. Workplace safety-infection control.Vicroria State Government.
http://www.betterhealthvic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/w
[2]. Dorman JN.sSepsis.In Reese and Betts' A practical Approach to Infectious Diseases,5th ed. Robert F Betts,Stanley W, Chapman,Robert L Penn (editors),Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,2003,p.19-66.
[3]. Cohen R,Estacio LP.Occupational Infections.In Current Occupational Infections and Environmental Medicine.3rd ed.Joseph LaDou,(editor).McGraw Hill,2004.p.268-286.
[4]. Fitzgeral DW,Sterling TR,Hass DW.Mycobacterium tuberculosis.In Mandell,Douglas and Bennette's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases,7th Ed.Mandell GL,et al.Elsevier(editors).2010.
[5]. Oh P,Granich R,Scott J,et al.Human exposure following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a metropolitan Zoo.Emerg InfectDis.2002;8:1290-93.

Abstract: Lipomas are one of the most common benign tumours of the body, but intra oral lipomas are relatively rare. Clinical appearance may vary depending on the site and subtype of the lesion. Intra oral lesions usually won't grow much but may become sufficiently large to cause trouble in speech and mastication. Ones diagnosed the lesion should be excised and recurrence is rare. Here we present two cases of intraoral lipoma with different clinical and histopathologic picture.

Keywords: lipoma, oral lipoma, fibrolipoma

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